Which car do you want?

Whom does she love? (pe cine)

Whom does she resemble? (cu cine)

Whose coat is this? ( a cui)

Whose book do you want?

How do you spell your name? (cum)

How are you these days?

3. Tag-questions (nu-i asa?)

(+) (-)
She is your sister, isn’t she?
He lives here, doesn’t he?
She thinks we are very rude, doesn’t she?

(-) (+)
You are not her boy friend, are you?
She doesn’t drink brandy, does she?
You don’t want to stay here, do you?

Exercises

I. Write questions to the following statements:

1. The Jacksons usually have breakfast at 7 a.m.

What time______________________________?
2. She visits her old mother at least twice a week.
How often______________________________?
3. They live together because she loves him.
Why___________________________________?
4. he sells computers and hi-fi equipment.
What__________________________________?
5. We normally spend our weekends in the country.
Where_________________________________?
6. He earns his living by painting people’s houses.
How__________________________________?
7. We want to settle down in Brasil.
Where_________________________________?
8. His sister washes his shirts.
Who__________________________________?
9. This bottle contains poison.
What__________________________________?
10. It smells horrible.

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How_____________?
11. The beach is about half a mile from here.
How far______________________________?
12. Gasoline costs $1.50 in this country.
How much____________________________?
13. It takes three hours to get there by plane.
How long____________________________?
14. She works here because she lives nearby.
Why_______________________________?
15. Lawrence Olivier plays Hamlet in that film.
Who________________________________?
16. The weather is usually wet in this part of the country.
What________________________________?
17. It’s the tallest of them that plays basketball.
Which one____________________________?
18. More than twenty families live in this house.
How many____________________________?
19. It’s the maid’s responsibility to keep the room clean.
Whose_______________________________?
20. She resembles her mother.
Whom_______________________________?

II. Ask questions about the underlined parts of the following sentences:

1. The landlady locks the door after midnight.

2. The car belongs to the Mayor.
3. I’m sorry I’m late.
4. The post arrives once a week.
5. Leo usually travels to work by train.
6. A newsagent sells newspapers.
7. There are only ten chairs in this room.
8. I usually take an aspirin when I have a headache.
9. Richard plays the lead guitar in that band.
10. She reads detective stories mostly.
11. Jimmy spends his free time playing computer games.
12. At Halloween, American Kids dress up as ghosts.
13. Your father smokes at least 40 cigarettes a day.
14. They move to a new house every three years.
15. We play bridge in the evenings.

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 III. Put the following words into the correct order:

1. many/ fans/ from/ Michael Jackson/ letters/ receives/ his

2. every/ girlfriend/ phones/ night/ he/ New York/ from/ his
3. TV/ or/ supper/ usually/ after/ he/ paper/ the/ watches/ reads
4. that/ man/ Susan/ wonder/ really/ I/ marry /to/ wants/ if
5. he/ studies/ there/ doesn’t/to/ Ralph/ live/ but/ want/ Princeton/ at
6. people/ true/ pork/ that/ never/ is/ drink/ it/ these/ alcohol/ no/ eat/ and?
7. your/ hope/ helpful/ I/ finds/ very/ he/ instructions
8. Piccadilly Circus/ takes/ underground/ an hour/ to/ it/ to/ Westminster/ about/
half/ travel/ from/ by
9. children/ go/ the Zoo/ visit/ normally/ want/ we/ really/ there/ unless/ to/ the/
don’t
10. seven/ doubt/ says/ in/ diploma/ of/ languages/ I/ can/ spite/ that/ his/ speak/ what/
he/ fluently.

NATIONALITIES

COUNTRY LANGUAGE NATION ONE PERSON

Argentina Spanish the Argentineans an Argentinean
Egypt Arabic the Egyptians an Egyptian
Finland Finnish the Finns A Finn
Great Britain English the British a Brit/Briton
Hungary Hungarian the Hungarians a Hungarian
Ireland Irish/English the Irish an Irishman
Israel Hebrew the Israelis/Jews an Israeli/a Jew
Kenya Swahili/English the Kenyans a Kenyan
New Zealand English the New a New Zealander
Zealanders
Pakistan Urdu the Pakistanis a Pakistani
Poland Polish the Poles a Pole
Saudi Arabia Arabic the Saudis a Saudi
Scotland Scottish/English the Scots a Scot/Scotsman
Switzerland German/French/Italian the Swiss a Swiss
The Netherlands Dutch the Dutch a Dutchman
The Sudan Arabic the Sudanese a Sudanese
Turkey Turkish the Turks A Turk
Wales Welsh/English the Welsh a Welshman

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The British Average Family

The British average family lives in a semi-detached house with a garden in the
south of England. They own their house which is situated in the suburbs of a large town.
The house has three bedrooms. On average they have two children and a pet. The family
drives a two-year old Ford Cortina.
He works in the office of an engineering company for 40 hours a week and earns
£ 200 per week. He starts at 9.00 in the morning and finishes at 5.30 in the evening. He
goes to work by car which takes him 20 minutes. He doesn’t particularly like his job, but
there are chances of promotion.
She works in a service industry for three days a week and earns £ 95. She works
locally and goes there by bus. She quite likes her job as it takes her out of the house, she
meets people and it is close to the children’s school.
The children go to a state school which is a few miles from home. A special bus
comes to pick them up every day. They are at school from 9.00 to 3.30.
The most popular evening entertainment is watching TV which the average
person does for two and a half hours a day. After that, the most popular activity is visiting
friends, going to the cinema or a restaurant or going to the pub. The most popular hobby
is gardening and the most popular sports are fishing, football and tennis.

a. Ask questions about the average British family using: what, when,
where, who, why, how?
ex. Where does the British Average family live?
In a semi-detached house with a garden in the south of England.

b. Make a similar account of the average Romanian family.

III. THE CONTINUOUS PRESENT

FORM
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
(+) (–) (?)
I am writing am not writing Am I writing?
he / she / it is writing is not writing Is he/she/it writing?
we /you /they are writing are not writing Are we/you/they
writing?

34
USE
1. Actions happening at the moment of speaking:
What’s going on here?
Be quiet! I’m trying to get some sleep.
The kids are playing at war.

2. Temporary actions:
They are not using the back door in winter.
“Have a cookie” “No, thank you. I’m slimming”

3. Near future:
I’m flying to Rome on Friday.
What are you doing tonight?

4. Repeated actions which are annoying or unreasonable:

He is always phoning when I’m in the bath.
This little girl is forever asking questions.

Exercises
I. Change into the Present Continuous where possible:

1. He teaches Physics and Biology.

2. Do you watch satellite television?
3. They carry heavy bags.
4. The gardener mows the grass.
5. She agrees with you.
6. Do you recognize that man?
7. Do you believe in reincarnation?
8. Why do we always hurry to work?
9. He dances very well.
10. They only shoot rabbits.
11. I hate this fish. It smells.
12. I’m afraid the boy lies.
13. Why do you drive so fast?
14. That music sounds good to me.
15. I suppose she wants a new car.
16. We prefer to live in the city.
17. Our granny bakes delicious cookies.
18. We have lunch at one o’clock.
19. The boys are very quiet. I wonder what’s wrong.
20. I think they remember you very well.

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II. Write questions to the following statements:

1. Rita is coming to see us on Sunday.

a. When…..? b. Who……?
2. Ralph is bringing some wine and crackers.
a. What…..? b. Who…..?
3. I think the London orchestra is playing Mozart now.
a. What….? b. Which…..?
4. I’m meeting my lawyer at 10:30 in the court.
a. Where…..? b. What time…..?
5. The players are moving slowly today because of the heat.
a. Why…..? b. How….?
6. Your boyfriend is standing by the gate.
a. Where…..? b. What…..?
7. The Prime Minister is talking about a new economic plan.
a. What….? b. Who….?
8. The Australian yacht is sailing north.
a. Which….? b. Which way….?
9. The children are laughing at the clown.
a. Who….? b. Who…..?
10. I’m trying to find out her brother’s address.
a. What….? b. Whose…..?

III. Put the verbs into the Present Simple or Present Continuous:

1. Cathy? What the children (do)?

I (think) they (play) in the back yard.
You (hear) the noise?
Yes, it (sound) like something (splash) in the water.
Well, I (hope) they (not throw) my furniture into the swimming pool again.
2. What you (do) tonight?
I (meet) Jennifer at six.
You always (date) Jennifer. Why you (not go) out with Claire sometime?
3. Why these people (stand) there?
They (listen) to the man on the ladder.
And what he (do)?
He (make) a speech. people (make) speeches here every Sunday. It’s Speaker’s
Corner, you (know).
4. Listen! Someone (knock) at the door.
Yes, it’s my music teacher. She always (come) at 4 sharp. Can you wait upstairs
until we (finish) our lesson?
5. An old lady (walk) into a box office for a movie called Doctor Zhivago. She (put)
a dollar down. The cashier (say):”It’s $2,50.” So, she (ask): “What? Is he a
specialist?”
6. What you (look) for darling?
My glasses. Someone always (steal) them!

36
 No, dear. You (keep) (lose) your things because you never (put) them where toey
(belong).

IV. Translate into English using the Present tense Simple or Continuous:

1. Tatăl meu nu se uita niciodată la televizor duminica.

2. Detest mulţimile, aşa ca mă duc rareori la cumpărături.
3. Fata aceasta poarta vreodată rochii?
4. Din păcate, nu e ducem aproape niciodată la teatru.
5. Bunicul plimba câinele de trei ori pe zi.
6. Sper ca prietenul tău nu fumează.
7. De ce vrei sa te duci in Statele Unite?
8. Iartă-mă. Te iubesc.
9. Nu mă face sa râd. Oricum nu te cred.
10. Ai încredere in mine. Nu mint niciodată.
11. Cat câştiga el? N-am idee cat câştiga dar ştiu ca cheltuieşte mult. Acolo nu se
întâmplă niciodată nimic interesant.
12. De regulă ne culcăm înainte de miezul nopţii.
13. Crezi sau nu, dar noi reuşim întotdeauna.
14. Jill aşteaptă un copil in Octombrie.
15. Despre ce naiba vorbeşti?
16. Nu înţelegi? Glumesc doar.
17. Nu-l deranja pe tatăl tău acum Tocmai ii telefonează preşedintelui.
18. De ce mergi atât de repede? Cineva ne urmăreşte.
19. Ce mai aştepţi? Ceainicul fierbe deja.
20. Vecinul meu exersează iarăşi la vioara.
21. Stai liniştit când iţi vorbesc.
22. Ei calatoresc in fiecare vara.
23. Ea nu studiaza mult dar doarme pana tarziu.
24. Unde mergi in vacanta de vara?
25. Lui ii place muzica clasica.
26. Sora mea se intoarce de la serviciu acum.
27. Cine participa la conferinta?Stiu ce vrei sa spui.
28. Te asteapta prietenii?
29. Isi cauta bunica ochelarii?
30. Trimit doua scrisori.

37
 DEGREES OF COMPARISON FOR ADJECTIVES

There are at least three groups of adjectives with different comparison rules:

Degrees Short adjectives Long adjectives Irregular

adjectives
Positive high beautiful good
hot interesting bad
pretty
Comparative Sup. higher than more beautiful than better than
hotter than more interesting than worse than
prettier than
Eq. as high as as beautiful as as good as
as hot as as interesting as as bad as
as pretty as
Inf. less high than less beautiful than less good than
less hot than less interesting than less bad than
less pretty than
Superlative Rel. the highest the most beautiful the best
the hottest the most interesting the worst
the prettiest
Abs. very high very beautiful very good
very hot very interesting very bad
very pretty
Irregular adjectives have different rules for the comparative of superiority and the relative
superlative

Other irregular adjectives:

many/much more the most
little less the least
Far farther (in space) the farthest
further (in time) the furthest
old older (things/people) the oldest
elder (family) the eldest
Ill worse the worst
Expressions
as black as coal (negru ca taciunele)
as busy as a bee (harnic ca o albinuta)
as cold as ice (rece ca gheata)
as light as a feather (usor ca o pana)
as gentle as a lamb (bland ca un mielusel)
as graceful as a swan (gratios ca o lebada)
as hard as stone (tare ca piatra)
as quiet as a mouse (tacut ca un soarece)
as soft as silk (moale ca matasea)

38
 Describing someone

Of all my relatives, I like my aunt Emily the best. She is my mother’s youngest
sister. She is not married and lives alone in a small village near Bath. She is in her
late fifties but she’s quite young in spirit. She has a fair complexion, thick brown hair
which she wears in a bun and dark brown eyes. She has a kind face and when you
meet her, the first thing you notice is her smile. Her face is a little wrinkled now but I
think she is still rather attractive. She is the sort of person you can always go to when
you have a problem
She likes reading and gardening and she still goes for long walks over the hills.
She’s a very active person. All the time she’s doing something to entertain herself.
She’s extremely generous but not very tolerant with people who don’t agree with her.
I hope I’m as content as she is when I’m her age.

1. Go through the text and find which parts describe her face, her body, her
character, her likes and dislikes, her habits.
2. List the adjectives used in the text and say is they describe the person’t
character or appearance.
3. “She isn’t very tolerant” – that’s a nice way of saying she is intolerant.
Sometimes we avoid saying a negative quality by saying “not very”+ the
opposite adjective. How could you tactfully describe someone who is:
stupid, boring, cruel, rude, ugly.
4. Make a description of someone you know. Include: physical description;
character, likes and dislikes; your opinions.

Complete the sentences with adjectives ending in –ed or –ing formed from the verb in
brackets:
1. Classical music is_______. (bore)
2. He gets very _________ when he listens to heavy metal. (excite)
3. It’s _________to listen to his singing. (embarrass)
4. I feel _________ when I listen to jazz. (relax)
5. I find Opera quite _______. (thrill)
6. What a ________song! (depress)
7. I find the film very ________. (disappoint)
8. It’s a ______ book. (tire)
9. I get _______ by rude people. (annoy)
10. I find motorway driving very ______. (frighten)
11. The children are________ with wild animals. (fascinate)
12. He was _________ to hear your news. (delight)

39
 COMMUNICATION PRACTICE

I. Greetings

The usual way of greeting someone is to say:

HELLO.
You can add:
HOW ARE YOU?
An informal way of greeting is to say:
HI! or HIYA!
We say
GOOD MORNING until 1 p.m.
GOOD AFTERNOON from 1 to 6 p.m.
GOOD EVENING after 6 p.m.
You say GOOD NIGHT only when you are leaving

Special Occasions
“Merry Christmas!” you reply “And you!” or “And a Merry Christmas to you too!”
Happy New Year!
Happy Easter!

Happy Birthday!
Many Happy Returns! you reply by saying “Thank you”

When leaving you say:

GOOD BYE!
When you expect to see the person again soon:
SEE YOU!
SEE YOU SOON!
SEE YOU AROUND!
Some people say:
SO LONG!
TAKE CARE!

When you are saying good bye to someone you don’t know very well you say:
I LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING YOU AGAIN SOON.
IT WAS NICE MEETING YOU!

40
Dialogue
Mike: Hello Susan. Nice to see you. I haven’t seen you for ages. How are you?
Susan: Everything is fine, thank you. What about you?
M: Ah, not too bad, thanks. Everybody in my family is in fine order; things are going
fine with my job.
S: By the way, Mike, this is Ioana. She’s from Romania.
M: How do you do, Ioana! I’m glad to meet you. I’m Mike.
Ioana: How do you do, Mike!
Mike: Which part of Romania are you from Ioana?
I: North-east, from a city called Iasi, one of the oldest and biggest Romanian cities, the
place where I like to live.
M: Are you here on holiday?
I: No, I am a student and I have a scholarship. I live with Susan and her family.
M: I see. That’s fine.
I: What about you? What do you do?
M: Oh, I’m a doctor.
I: That sounds interesting.
M. Well, that’s my job.
I: I’m sorry. I have to leave. My friends are waiting. See you soon!
M: See you! I hope we’ll spend some time together one day.
I: I’d like to meet you again.

Exercises
1. You are having a party. John arrives. He is a guest. How do you greet
him?
2. Robert is your friend. Kate is your sister. Introduce Robert to Kate.
3. You are talking to someone. You want to finish the conversation politely.
What can you say?

II. EXPRESSING AND FINDING OUT INTELLECTUAL AND

EMOTIONAL ATTITUDES

Expressing one’s opinion

I think...
I feel that...
As far as I’m concerned...

Asking for someone’s opinion

Do you think that...?
What do you feel/ think about...?
Are you sure that...?

41
Giving reasons
I think... is right because...
...That’s why I feel that...
...and so I think that...

Asking for reasons

Why?
Why do you think that...?
What makes you feel that...?

Defending one’s opinion

Yes, but what I really mean is...
What I’m trying to say is...
On the contrary, I...
What you said is really an argument for my point of view. I feel...

Agreeing/ supporting other people’s opinions

Yes, that’s right.
That’s what I feel too.
I think so, too.
Exactly.
I (fully) agree with you.
X put it very well.
I feel that X is right.
X raised some good points.
What X said are the most important..., I feel.
OK.

Disagreeing/ contradicting other people’s opinions

I don’t agree.
I don’t think so.
That;’s not...
Yoy vcan’t say that.
That’s no proof.
That’s not the point/ question/ problem...
But surely...
Oh, no...

Stating whether something is right or wrong

True. Wrong.
That’s right. That isn’t right.
That’s exactly. Absolutely not.

42
Expressing certainty and uncertainty, probability and possibility
I’m absolutely certain that...
I’m sure that...
There is definitely...
There may be...
Perhaps...
...might...
I’m not at all sure if...
...could be...
I don’t think that...
...is not very likely.
That could/may/might happen.
...is not possible.
If A happens, X will come.
If A happened X would go.

Making comparisons
...is not as...as...
...are as...as...
...is a much more important...than...
...are less important than...
There are far fewer/ not as many argument for...as against...
You can’t compare...with...
You have to compare...with...

Making conjectures
C could be a...
C looks like...
I think/feel that...
...makes me think of...

Expressing interest or indifference

I’m interested in...
I’d like to know more about...
I’d like to do something on...
...sounds interesting.
Please tell me more about...
I’m keen on...
...doesn’t interest me.
I don’t care.
What a boring topic.

43
Expressing likes and dislikes
I love/like...
...is great/ very good/fun/fantastic
I enjoy...
What I like best...
I hate/ dislike...
What I don’t like about...is...
I’m not at all keen on...

Stating preferences
I’d rather...
I prefer...to...
I’d much rather...than...

Praising
...is/ are great/ wonderful/ fantastic/ first rate...
I’ve never...a better/ more interesting/ ...than...
...is the best...I know.
...is the most beautiful...I’ve ever seen...

Expressing intentions
I’m going to...
When I’m tewnty I’ll...
In ten years’ time I’ll...
I want to...
I intend to...

Expressing personal insights

I learnt that...
It became clear/ obvious that...
I realised that...
I found out about...

Expressing doubt
I can’t say if...
I have my doubts about that.
Do you think that...? I doubt it.

44
It’s very doubtful whether...
You haven’t convinced me yet.
You may have a point there, but I’m still not sure...
OK, but...

III. GETTING THINGS DONE

Asking someone to do something or not to do something

Would you please...?
Could you...?
Open the..., please.
Don’t...
Stop talking...
Never...

Giving instructions
First put the...then...
You have to...before you can...
Let me show you. The...goes in here, this...
Hold it upright/ higher/ lower.
Move...to the right/ left.

Expressing understanding
I see.
I’ve got that.
OK.
That’s clear now.
All right.
I didn’t hear what you said. Could you speak up, please?
Could you say that again, please?
I didn’t understand your last sentence.
Pardon?

Asking for confirmation, giving confirmation

...Is that what you mean?
Do you want to say...?
Did you say that...?
You mean that...don’t you?
You said...didn’t you?
Do we have to fill everything in?
Yes, that’s what I meant/ wanted to say.

45