6th Grade Math Module 10 - Respuestas

Generating
10
MODULE
Equivalent
Algebraic LESSON 10.1
Modeling and Writing
Expressions You can model real-world

problems with variable
expressions, then use algebraic
rules to solve the problems.
Expressions
6.EE.2a, 6.EE.2b,
6.EE.4, 6.EE.6
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION LESSON 10.2

How can you generate equivalent Evaluating
algebraic expressions and use Expressions
them to solve real-world problems? 6.EE.2c
LESSON 10.3
Generating
Equivalent
Expressions
6.EE.2b, 6.EE.3,
6.EE.4
Real-World Video
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Huntstock/Huntstock, Inc/Alamy
Carpenters use formulas to calculate a

project’s materials supply. Sometimes
formulas can be written in different
forms. The perimeter of a rectangle can
my.hrw.com be written as P = 2(l + w) or P = 2l + 2w.
my.hrw.com my.hrw.com Math On the Spot Animated Math Personal Math Trainer
Go digital with your Scan with your smart Interactively explore Get immediate
write-in student phone to jump directly key concepts to see feedback and help as
edition, accessible on to the online edition, how math works. you work through
any device. video tutor, and more. practice sets.
259 Module 10
259
Are You Ready? Are YOU Ready?
Complete these exercises to review skills you will need Personal
Assess Readiness for this module. Math Trainer
Online Practice
Use the assessment on this page to determine if students need Use of Parentheses my.hrw.com and Help
intensive or strategic intervention for the module’s prerequisite skills. EXAMPLE (6 + 4) × (3 + 8 + 1) = 10 × 12 Do the operations inside
parentheses first.
3 = 120 Multiply.
2
Response to
Evaluate.
1 Intervention
1. 11 + (20 - 13) 2. (10 - 7) - (14 - 12) 3. (4 + 17) - (16 - 9)
18 1 14
Intervention Enrichment 4. (23 - 15) - (18 - 13) 5. 8 × (4 + 5 + 7) 6. (2 + 3) × (11 - 5)
3 128 30
Access Are You Ready? assessment online, and receive
instant scoring, feedback, and customized intervention Words for Operations
or enrichment.
EXAMPLE Write a numerical expression Think: Quotient means to divide.
Personal Online and Print Resources
for the quotient of 20 and 5.
Math Trainer
20 ÷ 5 Write 20 divided by 5.
Online Assessment Skills Intervention worksheets Differentiated Instruction
and Intervention Write a numerical expression for the word expression.
• Skill 50 Use of Parentheses • Challenge worksheets
my.hrw.com 7. the difference between 42 and 19 42 - 19 8. the product of 7 and 12 7 × 12
• Skill 53 Words for PRE-AP
9. 30 more than 20 20 + 30 10. 100 decreased by 77 100 - 77
Operations Extend the Math PRE-AP
• Skill 54 Evaluate Lesson Activities in TE Evaluate Expressions
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Expressions EXAMPLE Evaluate 2(5) - 32.
Evaluate exponents.
2(5) - 32 = 2(5) - 9
Multiply.
= 10 - 9
Real-World Video Viewing Guide =1
Subtract.
After students have watched the video, discuss the following: Evaluate the expression.
• If the side length of an equilateral triangle is s, which two expressions 11. 3(8) - 15 9 12. 4(12) + 11 59 13. 3(7) - 4(2) 13
can you use to find the perimeter? s + s + s ; 3s 8 39 16
14. 4(2 + 3) - 12 15. 9(14 - 5) - 42 16. 7(8) - 5(8)
• Are n + n + n + n, n(4), and n × 4 equivalent expressions? Yes
260 Unit 4
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT VIDEO

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Author Juli Dixon models successful
Online Teacher Edition Interactive Whiteboards
teaching practices as she explores
Access a full suite of teaching Engage students with interactive
equivalent algebraic expressions in an
resources online—plan, whiteboard-ready lessons and
actual sixth-grade classroom.
present, and manage classes activities.
and assignments.
Personal Math Trainer:
Professional ePlanner Online Assessment and
Development Easily plan your classes and Intervention
access all your resources online. Assign automatically graded
my.hrw.com
homework, quizzes, tests,
Interactive Answers and
and intervention activities.
Solutions
Prepare your students with
Customize answer keys to print
updated practice tests aligned
or display in the classroom.
with Common Core.
Choose to include answers only
or full solutions to all lesson
exercises.
Generating Equivalent Algebraic Expressions 260

EL
Reading Start-Up
Have students complete the activities on this page by working alone or
Reading Start-Up Vocabulary
Review Words
base (base)
Visualize Vocabulary
with others. exponent (exponente)
Use the review words to complete the graphic. You may put more numerical expression
than one word in each oval. (expresión numérica)
Strategies for English Learners operations (operaciones)
order of operations (orden
Each lesson in the TE contains specific strategies to help English Simplifying Expressions de las operaciones)
Learners of all levels succeed. Preview Words

operations, base,
Emerging: Students at this level typically progress very quickly, order of
algebraic expression
exponent (expresión algebraica)
learning to use English for immediate needs as well as beginning to operations numerical coefficient (coeficiente)
constant (constante)
understand and use academic vocabulary and other features of expression
equivalent expression
academic language. ×, ÷, +, - 23 (expresión equivalente)
evaluating (evaluar)
Expanding: Students at this level are challenged to increase their 2+1+3
like terms (términos
semejantes)
English skills in more contexts, and learn a greater variety of vocabulary term (término, en una
and linguistic structures, applying their growing language skills in more expresión)
sophisticated ways appropriate to their age and grade level. Understand Vocabulary variable (variable)
Complete the sentences using the preview words.

Bridging: Students at this level continue to learn and apply a range of
1. An expression that contains at least one variable is an
high-level English language skills in a wide variety of contexts, includ-
algebraic expression .
ing comprehension and production of highly technical texts.
2. A part of an expression that is added or subtracted is a term .
Active Reading constant
3. A is a specific number whose value does not change.
Integrating Language Arts
Students can use these reading and note-taking strategies to help
them organize and understand new concepts and vocabulary.
Active Reading
Additional Resources Key-Term Fold Before beginning the module,
Differentiated Instruction create a key-term fold to help you learn the
vocabulary in this module. Write the highlighted
• Reading Strategies EL vocabulary words on one side of the flap. Write
the definition for each word on the other side
of the flap. Use the key-term fold to quiz yourself
on the definitions used in this module.
Module 10 261
Focus | Coherence | Rigor
Tracking Your Learning Progression
Before In this module After

Students understand: Students will learn to: Students will connect:
• operations with whole numbers, • determine if two expressions are equivalent using • numerical and algebraic
decimals, and fractions concrete models, pictorial models, and algebraic expressions
• order of operations representations • variables and symbols to translate
• properties of operations: inverse, • evaluate algebraic expressions for the given value of a words into math
identity, commutative, associative, variable
and distributive properties • generate equivalent expressions using the properties of
operations: inverse, identity, commutative, associative,
and distributive properties
261 Module 10
GETTING READY FOR
GETTING READY FOR Generating Equivalent
Generating Equivalent Algebraic Expressions
Understanding the standards and the vocabulary terms in the standards
Algebraic Expressions 6.EE.2

will help you know exactly what you are expected to learn in this module.
Write, read, and evaluate What It Means to You

Use the examples on this page to help students know exactly what expressions in which letters You will use models to compare expressions.
they are expected to learn in this module. stand for numbers.
EXAMPLE 6.EE.2
Key Vocabulary
On a math quiz, Tina scored 3 points more than Yolanda. Juan scored
CA Common Core expression (expresión)
A mathematical phrase that
2 points more than Yolanda and earned 2 points as extra credit.
Standards contains operations, numbers,

and/or variables.
Write expressions for the numbers of points that Juan and Tina
scored. Use y to represent the number of points that Yolanda scored.
Content Areas Tina’s points: y + 3

Juan’s points: y + 2 + 2
Expressions and Equations—6.EE Suppose Yolanda scored 82 points. Use the expressions to find
the number of points Tina and Juan scored.
Cluster Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
Tina’s points: y + 3 = 82 + 3 = 85 points
Juan’s points: y + 2 + 2 = 82 + 2 + 2 = 86 points
6.EE.3
Go online to
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: Erik Dreyer/Getty Images
Apply the properties of What It Means to You
see a complete operations to generate You will use the properties of operations
unpacking of the equivalent expressions. to find an equivalent expression.
CA Common Core Key Vocabulary EXAMPLE 6.EE.3
Standards. equivalent expressions
William earns $13 an hour working at
(expresión equivalente)
a movie theater. He worked h hours in
my.hrw.com Expressions that have the same
concessions and three times as many
value for all values of
the variables. hours at the ticket counter. Write and
simplify an expression for the amount
of money William earned.
$13 · hours at concessions + $13 · hours at ticket counter

13h + 13(3h)
13h + 39h Multiply 13 · 3h.
Visit my.hrw.com
to see all CA h(13 + 39) Distributive Property
Common Core
Standards 52h Simplify.
explained.
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262 Unit 4
Lesson Lesson Lesson

California Common Core Standards 10.1 10.2 10.3
6.EE.2a Write expressions that record operations with numbers and

with letters standing for numbers.
6.EE.2b Identify parts of an expression using mathematical
terms. . . .
6.EE.2c Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables. . . .
6.EE.3 Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent

expressions.
6.EE.4 Identify when two expressions are equivalent. . . .
6.EE.6 Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions

when solving a real-world or mathematical problem; understand that a variable
can represent an unknown number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any
number in a specified set.

LESSON 10.1 Modeling and Writing Expressions
Lesson Support
Content Objective Students will learn to model and write algebraic expressions.
Language Objective Students will demonstrate and explain how to model and write algebraic expressions.
California Common Core Standards

6.EE.2a Write expressions that record operations with numbers and with letters standing for numbers.
6.EE.6 Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions when solving a real-world or mathematical problem; understand
that a variable can represent an unknown number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any number in a specified set.
MP.2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
Building Background
Eliciting Previous Knowledge Write “added to,”“plus,”“sum,” and “more than” on the board.
Ask students what mathematical operation these words refer to (addition). Have students list
words and phrases that describe the opposite operation (“subtracted from,” “minus,” “difference,”
and “less than”). Continue with words and phrases describing the operations of multiplication
and division.
Learning Progressions Cluster Connections

In this lesson, students extend their previous understandings of This lesson provides an excellent opportunity to connect ideas
arithmetic to write and model algebraic expressions. Some key in this cluster: Apply and extend previous understandings of
understandings for students are the following: arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
• An algebraic expression is an expression that contains Give students the following prompt: “Adela has been studying
one or more variables and may also contain operation for a while. She studies for 3 more hours. Write an algebraic
symbols (+, -, ×, ÷). expression and draw a bar model that represents the total
• Words or models can represent algebraic expressions. number of hours Adela studied.” Answers: y + 3;
• Algebraic expressions are equivalent if they are equal y+3
for all values of the variable.
Students use algebraic expressions to represent real-world 3 y
situations involving spending, saving, and temperature.
Their work forms a base from which to evaluate and generate
equivalent expressions in Lessons 10.2 and 10.3 and in
Grade 7.
263A
PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
EL
Language Support
California ELD Standards
Emerging 2.I.1. Exchanging information/ideas – Contribute to conversations and express ideas by asking and answering
yes-no and wh- questions and responding using short phrases.
Expanding 2.I.1. Exchanging information/ideas – Contribute to class, group, and partner discussions, including sustained
dialogue, by following turn-taking rules, asking relevant questions, affirming others, and adding relevant information.
Bridging 2.I.1. Exchanging information/ideas – Contribute to class, group, and partner discussions, including sustained
dialogue, by following turn-taking rules, adding relevant information, building on responses, and providing useful feedback.
EL
Linguistic Support
Academic/Content Vocabulary Building Background

English learners need to learn to speak about and In this lesson, there are a variety of phrases that may
write new algebraic expressions. Create a set of index be new to English learners, such as dropped
cards with the new notations written on them. One temperatures, hourly wages, animal shelter, volunteering,
side of the index card can have the algebraic and bagels. Preview word problems with the students
expression and the other side can have the verbal in order to explain any terms that may be new to
expression. Group students with similar language them. Use visual or tactile cues or familiar words to
levels to encourage equal participation by both build understanding with new language.
students.
EL
Leveled Strategies for English Learners
Emerging Check for understanding of algebraic expressions by asking students to work with a
partner to match together verbal expressions with algebraic expressions.
Expanding At this stage of language development, ask students to demonstrate their

understanding of algebraic expressions by using visual supports, such as charts or sentence frames.
Bridging Have students use a variety of sentence frames to confirm understanding of new
algebraic expressions and the corresponding verbal expressions.
Support students with the language they need to justify their answer using
Math Talk academic language. Present these sentence frames to scaffold their
communication. Have them share their justifications in small groups of language
learners from a variety of levels in order to provide peer language modeling.
The solution is ________.
I know the solution is ________ because ________.
In order to solve this problem we had to ________.
Based on this solution, our answer is ________.
Modeling and Writing Expressions 263B

LESSON
10.1 Modeling and Writing Expressions

CA Common Core Engage
Standards
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
The student is expected to: How can you model and write algebraic expressions? Sample answer: You can model
Expressions and algebraic expressions using bar models, and then use variables and constants and
Equations—6.EE.2a operations to write an expression.
Write expressions that record operations with numbers Motivate the Lesson
and with letters standing for numbers. Ask: Suppose you have $50 in savings, and earn some more money at a job. How can you
Expressions and use an algebraic expression to represent the total amount of money you will have? Begin
Equations—6.EE.6 Example 1 to find out more about writing algebraic expressions.
Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions
when solving a real-world or mathematical problem;
understand that a variable can represent an unknown
number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any
Explore
number in a specified set.
Also 6.EE.2b, 6.EE.4 EXPLORE ACTIVITY
Mathematical Practices Engage with the Whiteboard
Write the expressions w + 25, d - 12, 3x + 5y + 12, and 2d 2 - 1 on the whiteboard.
MP.2 Reasoning Then have students identify the variables and the constants. Point out to students
that any letter can be used to represent an unknown quantity, but using the first letter of
the word being represented can help them remember what the variable stands for.
ADDITIONAL EXAMPLE 1
A Write the phrase as an algebraic
expression. Explain
9 more than y y + 9
B Write a phrase for the algebraic EXAMPLE 1
expression. Questioning Strategies Mathematical Practices
__z the quotient of z and 5 • Does it matter which letter you choose when writing an algebraic expression? No. You can
5
choose any letter.
Interactive Whiteboard
Interactive example available online
YOUR TURN
my.hrw.com Avoid Common Errors
Exercise 1 When students multiply a number by a variable, be sure that they write the
number first: 4x, not x4. Explain that this helps avoid someone thinking they mean x 4.
Use a bar model to represent the
EXAMPLE 2
expression.
Questioning Strategies Mathematical Practices
5+y 5+y • On the bar model for B, how do you know how many pieces to divide the bar into? The
expression __z3 means “z divided into 3 parts,” so you know you need to divide the bar into
3 equal parts.
5 y
Engage with the Whiteboard
Interactive Whiteboard Have students change the constant in part A or in part B. Then have students draw a
Interactive example available online model to represent the new expression. Ask volunteers to explain their models to the
class, and then ask the class if the students are correct.
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263 Lesson 10.1

LESSON
Modeling and Writing 6.EE.2a
B Write a phrase for each expression.
10.1 Expressions
Write expressions that record
operations with numbers
and with letters standing
for numbers. Also 6.EE.2b,
6.EE.4, 6.EE.6
Expression: 11x
Phrase: The product of 11 and x

The operation is multiplication.
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How can you model and write algebraic expressions?
Expression: 8 - y
Phrase: y less than 8
The operation is subtraction.
Writing Algebraic Expressions y less than 8

YOUR TURN
An algebraic expression is an expression that contains one or more variables
and may also contain operation symbols, such as + or -. Write each phrase as an algebraic expression.
Personal
A variable is a letter or symbol used to represent an unknown or unspecified Math On the Spot Math Trainer
1. n times 7 7n 2. 4 minus y 4-y 3. 13 added to x x + 13
Online Practice
number. The value of a variable may change. my.hrw.com and Help
my.hrw.com Sample answers are given.
Write a phrase for each expression.
150 is a constant
A constant is a specific number whose value does and y is a variable. 4. __
x the quotient of x and 12
not change. 12
5. 10y 10 multiplied by y
Algebraic Expressions x w+n 150 + y
6. c + 3 c plus 3
In algebraic expressions, multiplication and division are usually written without
the symbols × and ÷.
• Write 3 × n as 3n, 3 · n, or n · 3.
• Write 3 ÷ n as __n3. Modeling Algebraic Expressions
Some different ways to describe expressions with words are shown below. Algebraic expressions can also be represented with models. A rectangular bar
can represent a variable, and a square bar can represent a unit.
Operation Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Math On the Spot
EXAMPLE 2 6.EE.2a
• added to • subtracted from • times • divided by my.hrw.com
• plus • minus • multiplied by • divided into
Words • sum • difference • product • quotient Use a bar model to represent each expression.
• more than • less than • groups of A 7+x Combine 7 and x.
7+x

EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE 6.EE.2a, 6.EE.2b
A Write each phrase as an algebraic expression. 7 x

Phrase: The sum of 7 and x The operation is addition. B _3z Divide z into 3 equal parts.
Expression: 7 + x
z
Phrase: The quotient of z and 3 The operation is division.
Expression: _3z
z
3
Lesson 10.1 263 264 Unit 4
Integrate Mathematical Math Background
Practices MP.2 The French mathematician François Viète
This lesson provides an opportunity to address (1540–1603) introduced the idea of using vowels
the Mathematical Practices standard that calls for for variables and using consonants for constants.
students to reason abstractly and quantitatively. This was an important step toward modern
In this lesson, students use symbols and bar algebra. Although Viète also used + and -, he
models to represent expressions. They employ did not use the = symbol. To show that two
these multiple representations to compare quantities were equal, he used the Latin word
algebraic expressions and solve problems in aequatur. Viète is sometimes called the Father
real-world situations. of Algebra.
Modeling and Writing Expressions 264

ADDITIONAL EXAMPLE 3 YOUR TURN
Amanda and Stuart began the week
Avoid Common Errors
with the same amount of money.
Exercise 7 Some students may try to model t - 2 as an addition equation. Remind
Amanda paid $7 to go to the movies.
students that for subtraction expressions, they must “take away” the 2 from the whole, not
Stuart spent $4 on snacks and $3 on a
add to it.
pen. Write algebraic expressions and
draw bar models to represent the
money each has left at the end of the EXAMPLE 3
week. Do Amanda and Stuart have the Questioning Strategies Mathematical Practices
same amount of money left? • How can you know which operation to use to solve the problem? Read the problem
n carefully. Katriana and Andrew “spent” or “took away” money from the money they started
the day with. These words describe subtraction.
• In Step 1, what do the labels on the model represent? The variable x represents the
amount of money Katriana started with, the 5 represents the money she spent, and x - 5
7 n- 7
represents the money she has left.
n
Have students compare the models from Step 1 and Step 2 on the whiteboard by
substituting values (e.g., $10, $14, $17, etc.) for x. Emphasize that two expressions
are equivalent when they name the same number, regardless of which value is substituted
4 3 n- 4- 3
into them.
The models are equivalent, so Amanda
and Stuart have the same amount of
money left. YOUR TURN
Avoid Common Errors
Interactive Whiteboard
Interactive example available online If students have difficulty with drawing the models, encourage them to circle the
information for Tina in one color and for Juan in a different color. Then remind them to look
my.hrw.com at the list of ways to describe math operations to determine the operation they should use
in the models.
ADDITIONAL EXAMPLE 4 EXAMPLE 4

A Tickets to the aquarium cost $27
per person. Write an expression to Focus on Modeling
represent the total cost of tickets for Point out to students that to model real-world situations with expressions, they need to
a group of people. 27x look for words that indicate the action that is taking place. For example, putting parts
together indicates addition while separating into equal groups indicates division. Encourage
B Kelly has some savings. After
mowing two lawns on Saturday, she students to become familiar with the expressions provide before Example 1 when modeling
adds $40 to her savings. How much real-world situations.
money has Kelly saved? y + 40
Interactive Whiteboard • In A, how does the word group indicate multiplication? Group means a number of persons
Interactive example available online gathered together. Since we don’t know how many, it is an unknown quantity which can
be represented by a variable. The unknown quantity is multiplied by 53 to find the total
my.hrw.com
amount, in dollars, paid by all the people in the group.
YOUR TURN
Avoid Common Errors
Remind students that the order of variable and the constant is important in division
expressions. For example, __d4 is not the same as __d4 .
265 Lesson 10.1

YOUR TURN YOUR TURN
Draw a bar model to represent each expression. 9. On a math quiz, Tina scored 3 points more than Julia. Juan scored
Personal Personal
Math Trainer Math Trainer 2 points more than Julia and earned 2 points in extra credit. Write an
7. t - 2 8. 4y expression and draw a bar model to represent Tina’s score and Juan’s
t 4y Online Practice
and Help
Online Practice
and Help
score. Did Tina and Juan make the same grade on the quiz? Explain.
my.hrw.com my.hrw.com
Tina: y + 3 Juan: y + 2 + 2
2 t- 2 y
y 3 y 2 2
No; the expressions are not equivalent.
Comparing Expressions Using Models
Algebraic expressions are equivalent if they are equal for all values of the
variable. For example, x + 2 and x + 1 + 1 are equivalent.
EXAMPL 3
EXAMPLE 6.EE.4
Math On the Spot
my.hrw.com
Modeling Real-World Situations
You can use expressions to represent real-world situations.
Katriana and Andrew started the day with the same amount of money.
Katriana spent 5 dollars on lunch. Andrew spent 3 dollars on lunch and My Notes Math On the Spot EXAMPLE 4 6.EE.2.6
2 dollars on a snack after school. Do Katriana and Andrew have the same
my.hrw.com
amount of money left?
A Tickets to the water park cost $53 per person. Write an expression to show
x
STEP 1 Write an algebraic the total cost of tickets for a group of people.
expression to represent
A group of is a clue to multiply. The ticket price of $53 is a constant. The
the money Katriana
number of people who need tickets is a variable.
has left. Represent the
expression with a model. 5 x-5 The phrase Use x for the number of people.
x−5 divides up mean The algebraic expression for the total cost of tickets is 53x.
The variable represents the amount of
money both Katriana and Andrew have
you should use B Genise has some savings. After babysitting, she adds $75 to her savings.
at the beginning of the day. division. How much money has Genise saved?

Adds is a clue to use addition. The $75 Genise added to her savings is a
STEP 2 Write an algebraic x Math Talk constant. The amount of money Genise had saved before is unknown, so
expression to represent Mathematical Practices
use a variable.
the money Andrew How do you know what
has left. Represent the operation to use to Use y for Genise’s savings before she adds the babysitting money.
find the amount each
expression with a model. niece receives?
3 2 x- 3- 2 The algebraic expression for Genise’s total savings is y + 75.
x−3−2
STEP 3 Compare the models. YOUR TURN
The models are equivalent, so the expressions are equivalent. 10. Helen divides up some money to give equally to her four
nieces. If d represents the total amount, write an expression d
__
Andrew and Katriana have the same amount of money left.
to represent how much money each niece receives. 4
Lesson 10.1 265 266 Unit 4

Elaborate
Talk About It
Summarize the Lesson
Ask: How can you find out whether algebraic expressions are equivalent? Draw
models of each expression and then compare them. If the models are equivalent,
the expressions are equivalent.
GUIDED PRACTICE
For Exercise 3, have students circle the variable and the constant in y + 12. Then
have them write three different algebraic expressions that are equivalent to y + 12
on the whiteboard. Sample answer: y + 3 + 9; y + 4 + 8; y + 5 + 7
For Exercise 6, have students complete the bar models for each city on the whiteboard and
then explain their reasoning.
Avoid Common Errors

Exercise 1 Remind students that the order of the variable and the constant is important in
subtraction expressions, y - 3 is not the same as 3 - y.
Exercise 2 When students multiply a number by a variable, be sure that they write the
number first: 2p, not p2. Point out that p2 might be misunderstood to mean p 2.
Exercise 6 Point out to students that each bar represents the same value of t, that
is, the temperature at 6 P.M. in both cities. They should mark and label each bar model to
show the changes in the temperature in the given city that occurred from 6 P.M. to 11 P.M.
You may want to work as a class to mark one bar model, and then have students work
independently to mark the other bar model.
267 Lesson 10.1

Guided Practice Name Class Date
Write each phrase as an algebraic expression. (Example 1)

1. 3 less than y y−3 2. The product of 2 and p 2p
10.1 Independent Practice Personal
Math Trainer
Online Practice
6.EE.2a, 6.EE.2b, 6.EE.4, 6.EE.2.6 and Help
my.hrw.com
Write a phrase for each algebraic expression. (Example 1) Sample answers are given.
10. Write an algebraic expression with the Sarah and Noah work at a bookstore and get
3. y + 12 12 added to y p
4. __ 10 divided into p constant 7 and the variable y. paid the same hourly wage. The table shows
10
their work schedule for last week.
m Sample answer: 7 + y
5. Draw a bar model to represent the
Bookstore Work Schedule (hours)
expression m ÷ 4. (Example 2) Write each phrase as an algebraic expression.
n
__ Monday Tuesday Wednesday
11. n divided by 8 8 Sarah 5 3
m
At 6 p.m., the temperature in Redding, CA, t, is the same as the 4 4p
12. p multiplied by 4 Noah 8
temperature in Fresno, CA. By 9 p.m., the temperature in Redding has
dropped 2 degrees and in Fresno it has dropped 4 degrees. By 11 p.m., the 13. b plus 14 b + 14
temperature in Redding has dropped another 3 degrees. (Example 3) 30. Write an expression that represents Sarah’s
14. 90 times x 90x
total pay last week. Represent her hourly
6. Represent each city’s temperature at 11 p.m. with an algebraic expression and
a bar model. 15. a take away 16 a - 16 5w + 3w
wage with w.
t t 16. k less than 24 24 - k 31. Write an expression that represents Noah’s
Redding Fresno
3w total pay last week. Represent his hourly
17. 3 groups of w
1+q wage with w. 8w
18. the sum of 1 and q
13
__
t- 2- 3 2 3 t- 4 4 19. the quotient of 13 and z z 32. Are the expressions equivalent? Did Sarah
and Noah earn the same amount last
20. c added to 45 45 + c week? Use models to justify your answer.
7. Are the expressions that represent the temperatures in the two cities
equivalent? Justify your answer. 21. 8 less than w w-8 Yes; Check students’ models.
No; the models show that the temperature in Redding is Write a phrase in words for each algebraic
33. Mia buys 3 gallons of gas that costs d
dollars per gallon. Bob buys g gallons of
1 degree less than the temperature in Fresno. expression. Sample answers given.
gas that costs $3 per gallon.
22. m + 83 83 added to m
8. Noelle bought some boxes of water bottles for a picnic. Each box contained a. Write an expression for the amount
24 bottles of water. If c is the number of boxes, write an expression to show 23. 42s 42 times s

Mia pays for gas. 3d
how many bottles of water Noelle bought. (Example 4)
24. __9 9 divided by d
24c d b. Write an expression for the amount
25. t − 29 t minus 29 3g
Bob pays for gas.
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN 26. 2 + g g more than 2 c. What do the numeral and the variable
represent in each expression?
9. Give an example of a real-world situation that could be represented by an 27. 11x the product of 11 and x
algebraic expression. In Mia’s expression, the numeral is the
28. __
h the quotient of h and 12
12
Sample answer: You earned $15 on Monday and will earn more number of gallons and variable is the
29. 5 − k k less than 5
money tomorrow. 15 + d, where d is the money you earn cost per gallon; in Bob’s, the numeral is
tomorrow, represents your total earnings for the two days. the cost per gallon and the variable is
the number of gallons he buys.
Lesson 10.1 267 268 Unit 4
DIFFERENTIATE INSTRUCTION
Cognitive Strategies Cooperative Learning Additional Resources
Ask students for the meanings of the words Have students work in pairs to draw models of Differentiated Instruction includes:
variable and constant in a context such as the balance scales. Instruct pairs to take turns • Reading Strategies
following: writing simple expressions and drawing circles • Success for English Learners EL
The air temperature in the desert was to represent them on the balance pans on each
• Reteach
quite variable yesterday; it was cold side of the scale. Then ask each student to write
and illustrate two sets of equivalent expressions • Challenge PRE-AP
overnight and warm during the day.
The temperature at the equator was that balance when arranged on the scales. Invite
constant for 24 hours. pairs to explain how they chose their
arrangements of circles.
Explain that the words have the same meaning
in mathematics. A constant is a value that does
not change, such as the number 5, and a variable
is a symbol for a quantity that is not fixed, such
as x.

Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
Evaluate Focus | Coherence | Rigor
and Intervention
Online homework GUIDED AND INDEPENDENT PRACTICE

assignment available 6.EE.2a, 6.EE.2b, 6.EE.4, 6.EE.6
my.hrw.com
Concepts & Skills Practice
10.1 LESSON QUIZ Example 1 Exercises 1–4, 8, 11–29
Writing Algebraic Expressions
6.EE.2a, 6.EE.4
Example 2 Exercise 5
1. Write each phrase as an algebraic Modeling Algebraic Expressions
expression:
z times 5 6 plus n Example 3 Exercises 6–7, 32
Comparing Expressions Using Models
2. Write a phrase for each algebraic
expression: Example 4 Exercises 8, 30–31, 33–41
8y __ 6
m Modeling Real-World Situations
3. Use a bar model to represent 4 + m.
4. Jan and Jackie check out the same
number of library books. Jan turns
in 4 books after 3 weeks. Jackie Exercise Depth of Knowledge (D.O.K.) Mathematical Practices
returns 2 books that week and
4 books later. Write algebraic 10 2 Skills/Concepts MP.7 Using Structure
expressions and draw bar models to 11–29 2 Skills/Concepts MP.5 Using Tools
represent the books Jan and Jackie
have left. Do they have the same 30–41 2 Skills/Concepts MP.4 Modeling
number of books left? Justify your
42 3 Strategic Thinking MP.4 Modeling
answer.
43 3 Strategic Thinking MP.3 Logic
Lesson Quiz available online
44 3 Strategic Thinking MP.2 Reasoning
my.hrw.com
45 3 Strategic Thinking MP.4 Modeling
Answers 46 3 Strategic Thinking MP.7 Using Structure
1. 5z, 6 + n
2. 8 multiplied by y, 6 divided by m
Additional Resources
3. 4+m Differentiated Instruction includes:
• Leveled Practice worksheets
4 m
4. No. Sample answer: The expressions are
not equivalent. If b = the number of
books each checked out, Jan’s books
= b - 4 and Jackie’s books = b - 2 - 4.
b
b-4 4
b
b-2-4 2 4
269 Lesson 10.1

34. The student council is asking people to donate money for the 40. Abby baked 48 dinner rolls and divided them evenly into bags. Let b
new park outside the school. Everyone who makes the suggested represent the number of bags. Write an algebraic expression to 48
__
donation amount will be given a bracelet. If everyone donates the represent the number of dinner rolls in each bag. b
suggested amount, and b bracelets are given away, what algebraic
expression represents the total amount collected in donations? 41. Eli is driving at a speed of 55 miles per hour. Let h represent the number
of hours that Eli drives at this speed. Write an algebraic expression to
2b represent the number of miles that Eli travels during this time. 55h
35. Mr. Delgado has some young orange trees. He wants to plant them
in 46 rows. If t is the total number of orange trees, write an algebraic FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING
expression to represent how many trees he can plant in each row.
t
__ 42. Multistep Bob’s Bagels offers two breakfast options, as shown.
46
a. Let x represent the number of customers who order
36. There are 15 violinists in the orchestra this year. Next year, two violinists coffee and a bagel. How much money will Bob’s Bagels make
will leave and some new violinists will join the orchestra. If v is the
number of violinists who will join the orchestra, write an expression to from these orders? 3x
represent the number of violinists in the orchestra next year.
b. Let y represent the number of customers who order
15 - 2 + v or 13 + v tea and a breakfast sandwich. How much money will Bob’s
37. Jill, Meg, and Beth are sisters. Jill is 2 years younger than Meg. Beth is half Bagels make from these orders? 5y
as old as Meg. Use the same variable to write three algebraic expressions c. Write an algebraic expression for the total amount
based on this situation. Tell what the variable represents and what each Bob’s Bagels will make from all coffee and bagel orders and
expression represents.
from all tea and breakfast sandwich orders. 3x + 5y
Sample answer: m represents Meg’s age; m - 2 represents
m
Jill’s age; __
2
represents Beth’s age. 43. Represent Real-World Problems The number of shoes in a closet is s. Work Area
a. How many pairs of shoes are in the closet? Explain.
38. Multistep Will, Hector, and Lydia volunteered at the animal shelter in _s ; There are half as many pairs of shoes as there are total shoes.
March and April. The table shows the number of hours Will and Hector 2
volunteered in March. Let x represent the number of hours Lydia
b. What If? Suppose you add a pair of shoes to the closet. How many
volunteered in March. _s + 1 pairs
pairs are in the closet? 2
March Volunteering
Will 3 hours 44. Problem Solving Write an expression that has three terms, two different
Hector 5 hours variables, and one constant. Sample answer: 2x - 8y + 7

a. Will’s volunteer hours in April were equal to his March volunteer 45. Represent Real-World Problems Describe a situation that can be
hours plus Lydia’s March volunteer hours. Write an expression to modeled by the expression x − 8.
represent Will’s volunteer hours in April. 3+x
Sample answer: Sam started the day with a box of
b. Hector’s volunteer hours in April were equal to 2 hours less than his
March volunteer hours plus Lydia’s March volunteer hours. Write an pencils. During the day he gave out 8 pencils.
expression to represent Hector’s volunteer hours in April. 5-2+x
46. Critique Reasoning Ricardo says that the expression y + 4 is equivalent
c. Did Will and Hector volunteer the same number of hours in April? to the expression 1y + 4. Is he correct? Explain.
Explain. Yes; the expressions are equivalent. Sample answer: Yes; 1y is the product of 1 and y. Since 1
39. The town of Rayburn received 6 more inches of snow than the town of times any number is equal to the number, 1 · y = y. The
Greenville. Let g represent the amount of snow in Greenville. Write an
algebraic expression to represent the amount of snow in Rayburn. g+6 expression y + 4 is equivalent to 1y + 4.
Lesson 10.1 269 270 Unit 4
EXTEND THE MATH PRE-AP Activity available online my.hrw.com
Activity Each season the Ravens and the Hawks baseball teams play the same number of games.
So far this year, the Ravens have played 3 games at home and 4 games on the road. The Hawks have
played 5 games at home and 3 games on the road. Roberto drew these bar models and says that the
Hawks have more games left to play in the season than the Ravens do. Is he correct? If not, what did
he do incorrectly when he represented the given information?
Ravens: g–5–3 Hawks: g–3–4
g 5 3 g 3 4
No, Roberto is not correct. He mixed up the data and mislabeled both models. 1) The tops of both
bars should be labeled as g, the variable that stands for games left to play. 2) The Ravens model
should have the labels g - 3 - 4, 3, and 4. 3) The Hawks model should have the labels g - 5 - 3, 5,
and 3. Comparing the corrected models shows that the expressions are not equivalent: 7 < 8. So,
the Ravens have one more game to play than the Hawks do.

LESSON 10.2 Evaluating Expressions
Lesson Support
Content Objective Students will learn to use the order of operations to evaluate algebraic expressions.
Language Objective Students will explain how to use the order of operations to evaluate algebraic
expressions.

6.EE.2c Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables. Include expressions that arise from formulas used in real-world
problems. Perform arithmetic operations, including those involving whole-number exponents, in the conventional order when there are no
parentheses to specify a particular order (Order of Operations).
MP.6 Attend to precision.
Building Background
Eliciting Prior Knowledge Write these numeric expressions Parentheses Exponents Multiplication Addition
on the board: __
18
6, (7)(9) 63, 14 + 70 84, and 38 - 17 21. Have
3
Division Subtraction
students evaluate them and then evaluate 15 + 3(8 - 4)2. 63 (left-right) (left-right)
Remind students that the mnemonic device PEMDAS describes
the correct order of operations.
P E MD AS

In this lesson, students build on previous knowledge of This lesson provides an excellent opportunity to connect ideas
operations with whole numbers to evaluate algebraic in this cluster: Apply and extend previous understandings of
expressions for a given value of a variable. Key understandings arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
for students include the following:
Have students evaluate each expression for the given value
• Evaluate algebraic expressions by substituting a number of the variable:
for a variable and then finding the value of the
5(y - 5); y = 8 15
expression.
• Evaluate expressions that have more than one variable 5y - 5; y = 8 35
or operation by substituting the given value for each n + y - x; n = 4; y = 2; x = 5 1
variable and then using the order of operations.
y2 - 3y; y = 6 18
Students evaluate expressions in real-world problems
involving temperature, prices, and area. Evaluating prepares 2 - 5y; y = 6 -28
students to test equivalent expressions in Lesson 10.3 and to
solve more complex problems throughout later lessons and
in Grade 7.
271A
EL
Language Support
Emerging 2.I.1. Exchanging information/ideas – Contribute to conversations and express ideas by asking and answering
yes-no and wh- questions and responding using short phrases.
Expanding 2.I.1. Exchanging information/ideas – Contribute to class, group, and partner discussions, including sustained
dialogue, by following turn-taking rules, asking relevant questions, affirming others, and adding relevant information.
Bridging 2.I.1. Exchanging information/ideas – Contribute to class, group, and partner discussions, including sustained
dialogue, by following turn-taking rules, adding relevant information, building on responses, and providing useful feedback.
EL
Linguistic Support
Academic/Content Vocabulary Tools and Resources

evaluate – Discussing how to evaluate expressions Students will need to develop self-monitoring skills
involves language such as substitute, change, and for identifying and understanding new vocabulary.
rewrite. Have students describe the process of Teach your students to preview word problems for
evaluating expressions using sentence frames terms or phrases that are unknown to them. Display
to support their communication. a chart of the resources available to them. It may
include glossary, context clues, definitions embedded
Example: Evaluate 3(n + 1) + 8 for n = 9.
in context, visual cues in images, graphic organizers
Since ____ equals ____, or diagrams, technology, asking a partner, or asking
the teacher.
I changed/substituted/rewrote ____ as ____.
Then I, ____. Next, I ____. Finally, I ____.
So, the value is ____.
EL
Emerging English learners at this level may need to show their ability to evaluate expressions by
pointing to their written steps or using examples.
Expanding At this stage, students can use sentence frames to explain the steps they used to
evaluate the expressions.
Bridging Students can explain their work in a variety of ways by using sentence frames you have
provided. Some may be ready to modify the sentence frames and create their own as a group.
To help English learning students with the Math Talk prompt in this lesson,
Math Talk provide modeling and a sentence frame for pairs of students to compare and
contrast.
The first expression _______, while the second expression _______.
Evaluating Expressions 271B

LESSON
10.2 Evaluating Expressions

Standards
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
The student is expected to: How can you use the order of operations to evaluate algebraic expressions? Sample answer:
Expressions and Substitute the given value for the variable in the expression and then use the order of
Equations—6.EE.2c operations to find the value of the resulting numerical expression.
Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables. Motivate the Lesson
Include expressions that arise from formulas used in Ask: How can you evaluate an expression that includes an unknown value? Begin
real-world problems. Perform arithmetic operations, Example 1 to find out.
including those involving whole-number exponents, in
the conventional order when there are no parentheses to
specify a particular order (Order of Operations).
Mathematical Practices Explore
MP.6 Precision Engage with the Whiteboard
Write the expression 2(4 + x) - 5 on the whiteboard. Ask a student to evaluate the
expression for x = 2. Then ask the student to explain his/her reasoning. Ask the class
if the student’s work and reasoning are correct. If students have difficulty understanding
which operation to perform first, review the order of operations.
Evaluate each expression for the
given value of the variable. Explain
A b - 7; b = 16 9
EXAMPLE 1
B __
28
m; m = 4 7
Focus on Math Connections Mathematical Practices
C 0.2t; t = 1.6 0.32 C and D involve an expression with a coefficient, a number that is multiplied by the variable.
D 8s: s = __12 4 In the expression 0.5y, the coefficient is 0.5.
Interactive Whiteboard Questioning Strategies Mathematical Practices

Interactive example available online • In D, how do you multiply 6 by __13 ? Write 6 as __61 . Multiply the numerators and the
my.hrw.com denominators of the two fractions to get __6 , which is equal to 2.
3
YOUR TURN
Talk About It
ADDITIONAL EXAMPLE 2 Check for Understanding
Evaluate each expression for the Ask: How do you evaluate an expression for a given variable? Substitute the given
given value of the variable. value for the variable in the expression. Then perform the operations, using the
A 6(y - 6); y = 9 18 order of operations to find the value of the expression.
B 6y - 6; y = 9 48
C n - y + x; n = 5; y = 3; x = 4 6
EXAMPLE 2
Focus on Math Connections Mathematical Practices
D y 2 - 2y; y = 7 35
Remind students of the correct order of operations (parentheses, exponents, multiplication/
Interactive Whiteboard division, addition/subtraction) and the mnemonic device PEMDAS.
my.hrw.com • The answers to A and B are not the same, even though the expressions are very similar.
Why? The parentheses in 4(x - 4) mean that you subtract first. There are no parentheses in
4x - 4, so you multiply first.
271 Lesson 10.2
DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info”
CorrectionKey=B CorrectionKey=B
LESSON
Evaluating 6.EE.2c
10.2 Evaluate expressions at specific values of their

YOUR TURN
Expressions variables. Include expressions that arise from

formulas used in real-world problems. Perform
arithmetic operations, including those involving Personal
Math Trainer
Evaluate each expression for the given value of the variable.
32 4.7 m 3
whole-number exponents, in the conventional 1. 4x; x = 8 2. 6.5 - n; n = 1.8 3. __
6
; m = 18
order when there are no parentheses to specify a Online Practice
and Help
?
particular order (Order of Operations).
ESSENTIAL QUESTION my.hrw.com
How can you use the order of operations to evaluate algebraic
expressions?
Using the Order of Operations
Evaluating Algebraic Expressions Algebraic expressions may have more than one operation or more than one
variable. To evaluate these expressions, substitute the given value for each
Recall that an algebraic expression contains one or more variables. You can variable and then use the order of operations.
substitute a number for each variable and then find the value of the expression. Math On the Spot
This process is called evaluating the expression. For example, to evaluate 2m my.hrw.com
for m = 5, you would substitute 5 for m. Math On the Spot EXAMPLE 2 6.EE.2c
my.hrw.com
Parentheses are another way to show multiplication.
2m = 2(5) = 10 Evaluate each expression for the given value of the variable.
2(5) = 2 × 5 = 2 ∙ 5 = 10
A 4(x - 4); x = 7
EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE 6.EE.2c 4(7 - 4) Substitute 7 for x.
My Notes 4(3) Subtract inside the parentheses.
Evaluate each expression for the given value of the variable.
A x - 9; x = 15 12 Multiply.
No; in w - x + y,
you subtract When x = 7, 4(x - 4) = 12.
15 - 9 Substitute 15 for x.
x from w first. B 4x - 4; x = 7
6 Subtract.
Then you add y
4(7) - 4 Substitute 7 for x.
When x = 15, x - 9 = 6. to that result. In
16 w - y + x, you 28 - 4 Multiply.
n ;n=8
B __
subtract y from
16
__ 24 Subtract.
8 Substitute 8 for n. w first. Then you
add x to that When x = 7, 4x - 4 = 24.
2 Divide.
16
result. C w - x + y; w = 6, x = 5, y = 3
n = 2.
When n = 8, __
6- 5+3

C 0.5y; y = 1.4 Substitute 6 for w, 5 for x, and 3 for y.
0.5(1.4) Substitute 1.4 for y. Math Talk 1+3 Subtract.

Mathematical Practices
Is w - x + y equivalent
4 Add.
0.7 Multiply.
to w - y + x? Explain any
When w = 6, x = 5, y = 3, w - x + y = 4.
When y = 1.4, 0.5y = 0.7. difference in the order
the math operations
are performed. D x2 - x; x = 9
D 6k; k = _13
()
6 _13 1 for k.
Substitute __
3
92 - 9 Substitute 9 for each x.
81 - 9 Evaluate exponents.
2 Multiply.
72 Subtract.
When k = _13, 6k = 2.
When x = 9, x2 - x = 72.
Lesson 10.2 271 272 Unit 4
6_MCABESE207004_U4M10L2.indd 271 31/10/13 11:48 PM 6_MCABESE207004_U4M10L2.indd 272 06/11/13 1:54 AM
Practices MP.6 We translate (or write) words into algebraic
This lesson provides an opportunity to address expressions by using a consistent, universally
the Mathematical Practices standard that calls for understood system. This system has evolved over
students to attend to precision. In each Example thousands of years. Archaeological records
and Exercise, students use mathematical ideas indicate that Babylonian mathematicians were
and language, including the order of operations, using words to describe algebraic processes by
to evaluate algebraic expressions by substituting 2000 B.C.E.
given values for variables. Students then evaluate The adoption of symbols to represent operations
real-world expressions such as formulas for was also part of this evolution. The symbols
finding surface area and volume and converting + and - can be traced to Johann Widman
Celsius temperatures to Fahrenheit. (1498); the symbol · can be traced to Gottfried
Leibniz (1698); and the symbol ÷ can be traced
to Johann Heinrich Rahn (1659).
Evaluating Expressions 272

YOUR TURN
Avoid Common Errors
Exercises 7–9 Watch for students who substitute the wrong value for the variable.
Caution students to be sure that they are substituting the correct value for each variable
in expressions with more than one variable.

The expression 3.3m gives the number Focus on Math Connections Mathematical Practices
of feet in m meters. Use the
Remind students that when there is a coefficient in front of a variable, multiplication is
expression to find the number of feet
indicated. Therefore, when they replace the variable with a value, they need to insert
in 400 meters. 1,320 feet
parentheses. In Step 2, for example, the expression 1.8c + 32 should be written as
Interactive Whiteboard 1.8(50) + 32 when substituting 50 for c.
my.hrw.com • How do you find the value of the variable c? Read the text of the problem carefully.
The value of the variable is given in the last sentence.
• If the expression were written as 32 + 1.8c, would you still perform the multiplication first?
Explain. By the order of operations, you still need to do the multiplication before the
addition.
YOUR TURN
Avoid Common Errors
Exercise 10 Remind students that an exponent tells how many times to use the base as a
factor, so x3 means x · x · x, not 3x.
Elaborate
Talk About It
Ask: How can the order of operations help you evaluate algebraic expressions?
When an expression contains more than one operation, the order of operations
tells which operation to perform first.
GUIDED PRACTICE
For Exercises 7–8, have students circle all the important information provided,
including key words that indicate operations, on the whiteboard. Then have them
write an expression to represent each problem. Finally, have them complete the steps to
solve each problem.
Avoid Common Errors

Exercise 5 Remind students that the fraction bar is another way to represent division.
273 Lesson 10.2

Guided Practice
YOUR TURN
Evaluate each expression for n = 5. Evaluate each expression for the given value(s) of the variable(s).
Personal (Examples 1 and 2)
4. 3(n + 1) 18 5. 4 (n - 4) + 14 18 6. 6n + n 2 55 Math Trainer
Online Practice
and Help 1. x - 7; x = 23 16 2. 3a - b; a = 4, b = 6 6
Evaluate each expression for a = 3, b = 4, and c = 6. 1
my.hrw.com
3. _12 w + 2; w = _19 2__
18 4. 5(6.2 + z); z = 3.8 50
7. ab - c 6 8. bc + 5a 39 9. a3 - (b + c) 17
5. _8t + t 2; t = 4 18 6. 5m - m2; m = 3 6
7. The table shows the prices for games in Bella’s soccer league. Soccer Game Prices
Her parents and grandmother attended a soccer game. How
Evaluating Real-World Expressions much did they spend if they all went together in one car? Student tickets $6
You can evaluate algebraic expressions to solve real-world problems. (Example 3) Nonstudent tickets $12
a. Write an expression that represents the cost of one Parking $5

Math On the Spot
EXAMPL 3
EXAMPLE 6.EE.2c
my.hrw.com
carful of nonstudent soccer fans. Use x as the number
of people who rode in the car and attended the game.
A scientist measures the air temperature in Death Valley, California, and
records 50 °C. The expression 1.8c + 32 gives the temperature in degrees 12x + 5 is an expression that represents the cost
Fahrenheit for a given temperature in degrees Celsius c. of one carful of nonstudent soccer fans.
Find the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit that is
b. Since there are three attendees, evaluate the expression
equivalent to 50 °C.
12x + 5 for x = 3.
STEP 1 Find the value of c. 3 36 41
12( )+5= +5=
c = 50 °C
The family spent $41 to attend the game.
STEP 2 Substitute the value into the expression.
8. Stan wants to add trim around the edge of a rectangular tablecloth that
1.8c + 32 is 7 feet long and 5 feet wide. The perimeter of the tablecloth is twice
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Lonely Planet Images/Witold
the length plus twice the width. How much trim does Stan need to buy?
1.8(50) + 32 Substitute 50 for c. (Example 3)
90 + 32 Multiply. a. Write an expression that represents the perimeter of the rectangular
tablecloth. Let l represent the length of the tablecloth and w
122 Add.
represent its width. The expression would be 2l + 2w .
122 °F is equivalent to 50 °C.
b. Evaluate your expression for l = 7 and w = 5.

YOUR TURN 2( 7 ) + 2( 5 ) = 14 + 10 = 24
10. The expression 6x2 gives the surface area of a cube, and the expression Stan needs to buy 24 feet of trim.
Skrypczak/Getty Images.
x3 gives the volume of a cube, where x is the length of one side of

the cube. Find the surface area and the volume of a cube with a side
length of 2 meters.
S= 24 m2; V = 8 m3
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN
9. How do you know the correct order in which to evaluate algebraic

expressions?
11. The expression 60m gives the number of seconds in m minutes. Personal
Math Trainer
How many seconds are there in 7 minutes?
Online Practice
Substitute for the variables and follow the order of
and Help
420 seconds my.hrw.com
operations that you would use for a numerical expression.
Lesson 10.2 273 274 Unit 4
Home Connection Cooperative Learning Additional Resources
Have students record real-world math situations Have students work in groups to solve a magic Differentiated Instruction includes:
they experience at home, using both words and square. A magic square is an array of numbers in • Reading Strategies
mathematical symbols. which each row, column, and diagonal has the • Success for English Learners EL
same sum. Ask students if the array below is a
Sample answer: Mom works out for the same • Reteach
magic square if x = 4; if x = 6; or if x = 0.
length of time each day. How long does she • Challenge PRE-AP
work out in a week? 7t, where t represents the x+7 x 2x + 1
length of time she works out each day.
x+2 0.5x + 6 x+6
3x - 5 3x x+1
The array is a magic square if x = 4, but not if

x = 6 or if x = 0.

Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention

assignment available 6.EE.2c
my.hrw.com
10.2 LESSON QUIZ Example 1 Exercises 1–6
Evaluating Algebraic Expressions
6.EE.2c
Example 2 Exercises 1–6, 13
Evaluate each expression for the Using the Order of Operations
given value(s) of the variable(s).
Example 3 Exercises 7–8, 10–12, 14–16
1. a + 6; a = 2 Evaluating Real-World Expressions
2. __
16
g ;g = 4
3. 7(m - 6); m = 8
4. 7m - 6; m = 8 Exercise Depth of Knowledge (D.O.K.) Mathematical Practices
5. s - k + x; s = 7, k = 4, x = 6
10–12 2 Skills/Concepts MP.4 Modeling
6. The expression 4g gives the number
of quarts in g gallons. How many 13 3 Strategic Thinking MP.3 Logic
quarts are there in 4 gallons? 14–16 3 Strategic Thinking MP.4 Modeling
Lesson Quiz available online 17 3 Strategic Thinking MP.3 Logic
my.hrw.com 18 3 Strategic Thinking MP.7 Using Structure
Answers Additional Resources

1. 8 Differentiated Instruction includes:
2. 4 • Leveled Practice worksheets
3. 14
4. 50
5. 9
6. 16 quarts
275 Lesson 10.2

CorrectionKey=B CorrectionKey=A
Name Class Date

16. The volume of a pyramid with a square base
is given by the expression _31s2h, where s is the
10.2 Independent Practice
Personal
Math Trainer length of a side of the base and h is the height.
The length of a side of the square base of a
Online Practice
6.EE.2c my.hrw.com and Help particular pyramid is 24 feet. The height
of the pyramid is 30 feet. Find the volume of
10. The table shows ticket prices at the Movie 16 12. Ramon has $2,340 in his savings account. the pyramid.
theater. Let a represent the number of adult Write an expression for the amount in his V = 5,760 ft3
tickets, c the number of children’s tickets, account after he deposits d dollars and
and s the number of senior citizen tickets. withdraws w dollars. If he deposits $100
and then withdraws half as much as he FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area
Movie 16 Ticket Prices deposited, how much is in his account?
Adults $8.75 $2,340 + d - w; $2,390 17. Draw Conclusions Consider the expressions 3x(x - 2) + 2 and
Children $6.50 2x2 + 3x - 12.
Seniors $6.50 13. Look for a Pattern Evaluate the a. Evaluate each expression for x = 2 and for x = 7. Based on your
expression 6x - x2 for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, results, do you know whether the two expressions are equivalent?
and 6. Use your results to fill in the table. Explain.
a. Write an expression for the total cost of
Describe any pattern that you see.
the three types of tickets. For x = 2, each expression has a value of 2. For x = 7,
8.75a + 6.5c + 6.5s or 8.75a + x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
each expression has a value of 107. These results
6.5(c + s) 6x - x2 0 5 8 9 8 5 0
suggest that the expressions may be equivalent but
b. The Andrews family bought 2 adult The value of 6x - x2 increases do not prove that the expressions are equivalent.
tickets, 3 children’s tickets, and 1 senior
ticket. Evaluate your expression in a to from 0 at x = 0 to 9 at x = 3 and
find the total cost of the tickets.
then decreases back to 0 at x = 6. b. Evaluate each expression for x = 5. Based on your results, do you
8.75(2) + 6.5(3) + 6.5(1) =
Also, the values are the same for x know whether the two expressions are equivalent? Explain.
8.75(2) + 6.5(3 + 1) = $43.50 For x = 5, the 1st expression has a value of 47 and
= 0 and 6, for x = 1 and 5, and for
c. The Spencer family bought 4 adult the 2nd expression has a value of 53. Because
tickets and 2 children’s tickets. Did x = 2 and 4.
the Spencer family spend the same the values are different, the expressions are not
14. The kinetic energy (in joules) of a moving
amount as the Andrews family?
Explain.
object can be calculated from the equivalent.
expression _21mv2, where m is the mass of

No; 8.75(4) + 6.5(2) = $48.00; the object in kilograms and v is its speed in
meters per second. Find the kinetic energy
$48 > $43.50 of a 0.145 kg baseball that is thrown at a 18. Critique Reasoning Marjorie evaluated the expression 3x + 2 for x = 5
speed of 40 meters per second. as shown:
11. The area of a square is given by x2, where
x is the length of one side. Mary’s original E= 116 joules 3x + 2 = 35 + 2 = 37
garden was in the shape of a square. She What was Marjorie’s mistake? What is the correct value of 3x + 2
has decided to double the area of her 15. The area of a triangular sail is given by the
for x = 5?
garden. Write an expression that represents expression _12 bh, where b is the length of
the area of Mary’s new garden. Evaluate the base and h is the height. What is the 3x means that 3 should be multiplied by the value
the expression if the side length of Mary’s area of a triangular sail in a model sailboat of x; 17
original garden was 8 feet. when b = 12 inches and h = 7 inches?
2x ; 2(64) = 128 square feet
2
A= 42 in. 2
Lesson 10.2 275 276 Unit 4
6_MCABESE207004_U4M10L2.indd 275 30/10/13 3:20 AM 6_MCAAESE207004_U4M10L2.indd 276 5/3/13 2:00 AM
Activity Harold has a globe that has a diameter of 10 inches. He builds a globe with
a radius twice as long as his original globe. Use the formulas below to find the surface
area and the volume of the new globe. Use π = 3.14. Explain your process and show
your work.
Surface Area (SA) of a sphere = 4πr2, where r is the radius of the sphere. Volume (V) of
a sphere = __43 πr3, where r is the radius of the sphere.
Sample answer: First, find the radius of the new globe. The diameter of the original
globe is 10 inches, so its radius is 10 ÷ 2 = 5 inches. The radius of the new globe is
twice as long: 5 inches × 2 = 10 inches. Then use r = 10 inches as the value to
substitute for r in each formula.
SA of new globe is 4πr2 ≈ 4(3.14)(10)2 ≈ 4(3.14)(100) ≈ 4(314) ≈ 1,256 in2;
V of new globe is __43 πr3 ≈ __43 (3.14)(10)3 ≈ __43 (3.14)(1,000) ≈ __43 (3,140) ≈ 4,186 __23 in3

LESSON 10.3 Generating Equivalent Expressions
Lesson Support
Content Objective Students will learn to identify and write equivalent expressions.
Language Objective Students will work with a partner to write a how-to page on how to identify and write
equivalent expressions.

6.EE.3 Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
6.EE.2b Identify parts of an expression using mathematical terms (sum, term, product, factor, quotient, coefficient); view one or
more parts of an expression as a single entity.
6.EE.4 Identify when two expressions are equivalent (i.e., when the two expressions name the same number regardless of which
value is substituted into them).
MP.2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
Building Background
Connecting with Everyday Life Present this situation to number of seats = 8 × 9
the class: an airliner cabin section has 8 rows of seats. Each row =9×8
contains 9 seats. Have students brainstorm different expressions
that represent the total number of seats. Record the expressions =9+9+9+9+9+9+9+9
on the board. Point out that the expressions are different but =8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8+8
that each represents the same value.

In this lesson, students generate equivalent algebraic expres- This lesson provides an excellent opportunity to connect ideas
sions by applying their previous understanding of the properties in this cluster: Apply and extend previous understandings of
of operations. Important understandings for students include arithmetic to algebraic expressions. Have students draw
the following: algebra tile models to prove that 6 + 4x and 2(2x + 3) are
equivalent. Ask, “How many tiles of each kind does each model
• To test whether two expressions are equivalent, evaluate
have? four x and six 1-tiles What property of operations could
them for the same value of the variable or use models.
you use to check your answer?” Distributive Property of
• Properties of operations can be used to write or identify Multiplication
equivalent expressions.
• Properties also can be used to combine like terms and
write equivalent expressions.
4x + 6
Students will continue to work with properties of operations,
equivalent expressions, and equations in later units. This
prepares students to begin to simplify general linear equations
with rational coefficients in Grade 7. 2(2x + 3)
277A
EL
Language Support
Emerging 2.I.5. Listening actively – Demonstrate active listening in oral presentation activities by asking and answering
basic questions with prompting and substantial support.
Expanding 2.I.5. Listening actively – Demonstrate active listening in oral presentation activities by asking and answering
detailed questions with occasional prompting and moderate support.
Bridging 2.I.5. Listening actively – Demonstrate active listening in oral presentation activities by asking and answering
detailed questions with minimal prompting and support.
EL
Linguistic Support
Academic/Content Vocabulary Tools and Resources

property – The word property has multiple meanings. algebra tiles – Algebra tiles provide a visual and
Remind students that in this context, property means tactile way for the teacher to model new concepts,
a “math rule or law.” Find out what students already and they are also an effective way for students to
know about these properties. In small groups, have non-verbally communicate what they understand.
students rephrase properties in their own words. You Model and explain to groups of mixed English
may need to model and restate properties that are proficiency levels how to use algebra tiles, and then
new to the students, using more familiar language. let them use the algebra tiles to work through
examples and complete the exercises.
EL
Emerging Have students at this level of English proficiency use algebra tiles to show what they
know about generating equivalent expressions. Have them point to which property helped them
generate the expression.
Expanding Have English learners at this level use algebra tiles and sentence frames to
communicate what they know about generating equivalent expressions.
Bridging Help students at this level of English proficiency justify their steps for generating
equivalent expressions by using more complex sentence frames that use more specific academic
phrases.
Using the _______ Property, I changed _______ to _______.
I can demonstrate that this is equivalent by evaluating _______ for _______.
Preview the prompt for any terms that may be new to English learners. Phrases
Math Talk like coefficient may need to be explained before students can answer.
I wrote the term _______ and _______.
The coefficients in these terms are _______ and _______.
Generating Equivalent Expressions 277B

LESSON
10.3 Generating Equivalent Expressions

Standards
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
The student is expected to: How can you identify and write equivalent expressions? Sample answer: Substitute the
Expressions and same value into each expression and compare the results, or simplify each expression to
Equations—6.EE.3 see if they are equivalent.
Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent Motivate the Lesson
expressions. Ask: Are the expressions 3x + 8 and 2x + 14 equivalent expressions for x = 6? Begin the
Expressions and Explore Activity to find out more about equivalent expressions.
Equations—6.EE.2b
Identify parts of an expression using mathematical terms
(sum, term, product, factor, quotient, coefficient); view
one or more parts of an expression as a single entity. Explore
Expressions and
Equations—6.EE.4 EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1
Identify when two expressions are equivalent (i.e. when Focus on Critical Thinking Mathematical Practices
the two expressions name the same number regardless of Point out to students that even though expressions share an element, such as 5x, and
which value is substituted into them). include the same operation, they are not necessarily equivalent expressions. For example,
Mathematical Practices x 2 and x 3 have the same base and look similar but they are not equivalent; x 2 = x · x and
x 3 = x · x · x.
MP.2 Reasoning
Explain
EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2
Focus on Modeling Mathematical Practices
Point out that the number and arrangement of the algebra tiles models each expression.
The first model shows three groups of 1 variable plus 2 ones, and the second model shows
3 variables plus 6 ones. Discuss with students why the two algebraic expressions are
equivalent.

• Earlier, you used counters to make models. How are algebra tiles similar to counters?
How are they different? Both counters and algebra tiles are used the same way, one tile or
counter for each number being added. The difference is that algebra tiles have an x
(variable) tile used to represent an unknown quantity, while the counters represent +1.
• Which two characteristics do you look for in the models to decide whether the two
expressions are equivalent? The models of both expressions should have 1) an equal
number of x tiles and 2) an equal number of +1-tiles.
277 Lesson 10.3

LESSON
Generating 6.EE.3 EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1 (cont’d)
10.3 Equivalent
Apply the properties of
operations to generate
equivalent expressions. Also
6.EE.2b, 6.EE.4
Reflect
1. Error Analysis Lisa evaluated the expressions 2x and x2 for x = 2 and
found that both expressions were equal to 4. Lisa concluded that 2x
Expressions and x2 are equivalent expressions. How could you show Lisa that she
is incorrect?
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION Evaluate the expressions for a different value of x; for

How can you identify and write equivalent expressions? example, when x = 1, 2x = 2 and x2 = 1.
EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1 6.EE.4
Identifying Equivalent Expressions EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2 6.EE.3
One way to test whether two expressions might be equivalent is to evaluate

them for the same value of the variable. Modeling Equivalent Expressions
You can also use models to determine Algebra Tiles
Match the expressions in List A with their equivalent expressions in List B. if two expressions are equivalent. =1
Algebra tiles are one way to model =x
List A List B
expressions.
5x + 65 5x + 1
Determine if the expression 3(x + 2) is equivalent to 3x + 6.
5(x + 1) 5x + 5
A Model each expression using algebra tiles.
1 + 5x 5(13 + x)
3(x + 2) 3x + 6
A Evaluate each of the expressions in the lists for x = 3.
List A List B
5(3) + 65 = 80 5(3) + 1 = 16
B The model for 3(x + 2) has 3 x tiles and 6 1 tiles.
5(3 + 1) = 20 5(3) + 5 = 20
The model for 3x + 6 has 3 x tiles and 6 1 tiles.
1 + 5(3) = 16 5(13 + 3) = 80 C Is the expression 3(x + 2) equivalent to 3x + 6? Explain.

B Which pair(s) of expressions have the same value for x = 3? Yes; each expression is represented by 3 x tiles and
5(x + 1) and 5x + 5; 1 + 5x and 5x + 1; 5x + 65 and 6 1 tiles.
5(13 + x)
Reflect
C How could you further test whether the expressions in each pair are 2. Use algebra tiles to determine if 2(x + 3) is equivalent to 2x + 3. Explain
equivalent? your answer.
Sample answer: Evaluate for several other values of x. No; 2(x + 3) is represented by 2 x tiles and 6 1 tiles.
D Do you think the expressions in each pair are equivalent? Why or why not? 2x + 3 is represented by 2 x tiles and 3 1 tiles.
Sample answer: Yes; it appears that they will always
have the same value.
Lesson 10.3 277 278 Unit 4
Practices MP.2 The Commutative, Associative, Distributive, and
This lesson provides an opportunity to address Identity properties can be used to rewrite an
the Mathematical Practices standard that calls for expression in a form that is equivalent to the
students to reason abstractly and quatitatively. original form.
In this lesson’s Explore Activities and Examples, x + (3x + 2) + (2x + 3)
students use words and operational symbols as x + 3x + (2 + 2x) + 3 Associative
well as algebra tiles to identify, represent, and x + 3x + (2x + 2) + 3 Commutative
compare algebraic expressions and to generate (x + 3x + 2x) + (2 + 3) Associative
equivalent expressions. x(1 + 3 + 2) + (2 + 3) Distributive
x(6) + (5) Addition
6x + 5 Commutative
Generating Equivalent Expressions 278

Use a property to write an expression
that is equivalent to n × 5. Tell which
property you used. 5 × n; Commutative • How does the Commutative Property of Addition allow you to rewrite an expression
Property of Multiplication without changing its value? You can change the order of the terms in an addition
expression.
Interactive Whiteboard • How do you know which properties of operations may help you identify equivalent
expressions? Look at the operational symbols that appear in the given expressions. Apply
my.hrw.com properties of operations that relate to those symbols.

Have students circle the operational symbol in Example 1 and write an equivalent
expression on the whiteboard. Then have students draw a model of each expression,
using algebra tiles to show that the expressions are equivalent.
Focus on Communication Mathematical Practices

Make sure students understand that the properties of operations are rules about how to
rewrite expressions by rearranging and combining terms without changing the value of the
expression.
YOUR TURN
Avoid Common Errors
If students have difficulty determining which property to use, remind them to begin by
identifying the operation used in the given expression. Then they should look at the list of
properties to see which properties apply to that operation. Point out that a given expression
may have more than one equivalent expression, as more than one property can be applied.

Use the properties of operations to
Focus on Reasoning Mathematical Practices
determine if the expressions are
equivalent. Invite students to examine the pairs of expressions in A and B. Discuss why the order of
elements in expressions is important when comparing for equivalence.
A 6 + y; __12 (12 + y) not equivalent
B 2(y - 3); 2y - 6 equivalent Questioning Strategies Mathematical Practices
• In A, how does the Distributive Property enable you to determine that the expressions are
Interactive Whiteboard equivalent without evaluating them? The Distributive Property states that multiplying a
Interactive example available online number by a difference, as in 3(x - 2), is the same as multiplying each number in the
my.hrw.com difference and subtracting the products: (3)(x) - (3)(2) = 3x - 6.
YOUR TURN
Animated Math Exercise 8 If students have trouble writing an expression, ask questions that help them
Equivalent Expressions identify the important information. Ask them how many packs of stickers Jamal bought, and
how many stickers there are in each pack. Ask if Jamal bought any other stickers besides
these. Such questions may help students focus on the problem and arrive at the expression
Students explore equivalent expressions
2x + 8.
using an interactive model.
my.hrw.com
279 Lesson 10.3

Writing Equivalent Expressions Identifying Equivalent Expressions
Using Properties Using Properties
Properties of operations can be used to identify Math On the Spot Math On the Spot EXAMPLE 2 6.EE.3
equivalent expressions. my.hrw.com my.hrw.com
Properties of Operations Examples Use the properties of operations to determine if the

expressions are equivalent.
Commutative Property of Addition: When adding,
changing the order of the numbers does not 3+4=4+3 A 3(x - 2); 3x - 6
change the sum.
Commutative Property of Multiplication: When Animated 3(x - 2) = 3x - 6 Distributive Property
Math
multiplying, changing the order of the numbers 2×4=4×2
my.hrw.com 3(x - 2) and 3x - 6 are equivalent expressions.
does not change the product.
1 (4 + x)
B 2 + x; __
Associative Property of Addition: When adding 2
more than two numbers, the grouping of the (3 + 4) + 5 = 3 + (4 + 5)
numbers does not change the sum. 1 (x + 4) = __
__ 1x+ 2 Distributive Property
2 2
Associative Property of Multiplication: When 1x
multiplying more than two numbers, the grouping (2 × 4) × 3 = 2 × (4 × 3)
= 2 + __ Commutative Property
2
of the numbers does not change the product. 1 x.
2 + x does not equal 2 + __
Distributive Property: Multiplying a number by 2
a sum or difference is the same as multiplying by 6(2 + 4) = 6(2) + 6(4) They are not equivalent expressions.
each number in the sum or difference and then 8(5 - 3) = 8(5) - 8(3)
adding or subtracting.
Identity Property of Addition: Adding zero to a
9+0=9 YOUR TURN
number does not change its value.
Use the properties of operations to determine if the expressions are
Identity Property of Multiplication: Multiplying a
number by one does not change its value. 1×7=7 equivalent.
6. 6x - 8; 2(3x - 5) 7. 2 - 2 + 5x; 5x
2(3x - 5) = 6x - 10; 2 - 2 + 5x = 5x;
EXAMPL 1
EXAMPLE 6.EE.3 not equivalent equivalent
Use a property to write an expression that is equivalent to x + 3. 8. Jamal bought 2 packs of stickers and 8 individual stickers. Use x to
represent the number of stickers in a pack of stickers and write an
The operation in the expression is addition. expression to represent the number of stickers Jamal bought. Is the

You can use the Commutative Property of Addition to write an equivalent expression equivalent to 2(4 + x)? Check your answer with algebra
expression: x + 3 = 3 + x. tile models.
Jamal bought 2x + 8 stickers. 2(4 + x) = 8 + 2x =

YOUR TURN
2x + 8; yes
For each expression, use a property to write an equivalent expression.
Tell which property you used. Sample answers given.
3. (ab)c = a(bc); Associative Property of Multiplication

Personal Personal
4. 3y + 4y = (3 + 4)y; Distributive Property Math Trainer Math Trainer
Online Practice Online Practice
5. 6 + n n + 6; Commutative Property of Addition and Help and Help

my.hrw.com my.hrw.com
Lesson 10.3 279 280 Unit 4
Visual Cues Cognitive Strategies Additional Resources
Point out to students that it is often helpful to A fun way for students to remember how to Differentiated Instruction includes:
use colored pencils to identify like terms before combine like terms is to name the variable part • Reading Strategies
combining them. of like terms. For example, for the expression • Success for English Learners EL
2a + 5b + 4a, students can name variable a
Have students identify the like terms in the • Reteach
apples and variable b bananas. Thus, 2 apples +
following expressions. • Challenge PRE-AP
5 bananas + 4 apples = 6 apples + 5 bananas =
1. a + 2b + 2a + b + 2c Like terms: a and 2a, 6a + 5b.
2b and b
2. 18 + 2d 3 + 5d + 3d 3 - 2d 2 Like terms: 2d 3
and 3d 3
3. 5x 3 + 3y + 7x 3 + 2y - 4x 2 Like terms: 5x 3
and 7x 3, 3y and 2y

Simplify each expression.
Connect Vocabulary EL
A 8y2 - 3y2 5y2 Explain to students that terms with identical variable parts are like terms. In the expression
B 4m + 3(n + 7m) 25m + 3n 3x + 5x, 3x and 5x are like terms. The properties of operations allow you to rearrange and
C x + 8y + 5x - 5y 6x + 3y combine like terms.
Interactive Whiteboard Questioning Strategies Mathematical Practices

Interactive example available online • In B, why do you have to apply the Distributive Property before adding like terms? Because
of the order of operations you need to multiply before you can add.
my.hrw.com
• In B, how does applying the Distributive Property help you know what terms can be
combined? After you multiply 2 by each term inside the parentheses, you can see that 3a
and 10a are like terms.
• In C, why does y + 7y equal 8y? The coefficient of y is 1, so 1y + 7y = (1 + 7)y = 8y.
Focus on Reasoning Mathematical Practices

Help students to see that the Commutative Property of Addition does not apply to
subtraction. Ask them if the expressions x - y and y - x are equivalent. They should see, if
they substitute values for x and y, that they are not. Then ask them if x + y - z and y + x - z
are equivalent. In this second case, students should see that they can apply the
Commutative Property of Addition to the first expression, reordering the terms that are
added to get x + y - z = y + x - z.
YOUR TURN
Avoid Common Errors
Exercise 11 Students may neglect to add single variables. Remind them that b is 1b, so
adding b to another b-term increases the coefficient by 1.
Elaborate
Talk About It
Ask: How do properties of operations help you to write equivalent expressions?
Properties of operations allow me to write an expression in different ways without
changing its value. I can use the properties to form equivalent expressions by regrouping,
reordering, and combining terms.
GUIDED PRACTICE
For Exercise 1, have students rewrite each expression on the whiteboard by
substituting 5 for y and then evaluating the expressions.
For Exercise 2, ask a student to circle the part of the model that shows that the two
expressions are not equivalent on the whiteboard.
Avoid Common Errors

Exercises 3–4 If students have difficulty determining which property to use, remind them
to begin by identifying the operation used in the given expression. Then they should look at
the list of properties to see which properties apply to that operation.
Exercises 5–6 Remind students that when they apply the Distributive Property they must
distribute the constant or variable that is outside the parentheses to each term that is inside
the parentheses.
281 Lesson 10.3

CorrectionKey=B CorrectionKey=A
Generating Equivalent Expressions YOUR TURN

Parts of an algebraic expression Personal
Math Trainer 9. 8y - 3y = 5y 10. 6x2 + 4(x2 - 1) = 10x2 - 4
The parts of the expression that
terms 12 + 3y2 + 4x + 2y2 + 4
are separated by + or - signs Math On the Spot
Online Practice
and Help
11. 4a5 - 2a5 + 4b + b = 12. 8m + 14 - 12 + 4n =
Numbers that are multiplied by my.hrw.com my.hrw.com
12 + 3y2 + 4x + 2y2 + 4 8m + 2 + 4n
coefficients
at least one variable 2a5 + 5b
Terms with the same variable(s)
like terms 12 + 3y2 + 4x + 2y2 + 4
raised to the same power(s)
You can use properties to combine like terms in an expression.

Use the Distributive Property to add Guided Practice
3x + 2x + 4 = (3 + 2)x + 4 = 5x + 4 the coefficients of the like terms.
1. Evaluate each of the expressions in the list for y = 5. Then, draw lines to
When you rewrite an expression so that it has no parentheses and
match the expressions in List A with their equivalent expressions in List B.
so that all like terms are combined, you are simplifying the expression.
(Explore Activity 1)
List A List B
EXAMPL 3
EXAMPLE 6.EE.3, 6.EE.2b
4 + 4y = 24 4y − 4 = 16
Simplify each expression. 16 24
4(y − 1) = 4(y + 1) =
A 6x2 - 4x2 6x2 and 4x2 are like terms. 21 21
4y + 1 = 1 + 4y =
6x2 - 4x2 = x2(6 - 4) Distributive Property
2. Determine if the expressions are equivalent by comparing x+4 2(x + 2)
= x2(2) Subtract inside the parentheses. the models. (Explore Activity 2) not equivalent + + + ++
= 2x2 Commutative Property of Math Talk For each expression, use a property to write an equivalent
+ + + + + +
Mathematical Practices
Multiplication expression. Tell which property you used. (Example 1) Sample answers are given.
6x - 4x = 2x
2 2 2
Write 2 terms that can be
combined with 7y4. Identify
B 3a + 2(b + 5a) the coefficients in the 3. ab = ba 4. 5(3x − 2) = 5(3x) - 5(2)
terms you write.
3a + 2(b + 5a) = 3a + 2b + 2(5a) Distributive Property Commutative Prop. of Mult. Distributive Prop.
Associative Property of Sample answers:
= 3a + 2b + (2 · 5)a
Multiplication y4 and 6y4; 1 and 6 Use the properties of operations to determine if each pair of expressions is
= 3a + 2b + 10a Multiply 2 and 5. equivalent. (Example 2)
not equivalent not equivalent


= 3a + 10a + 2b Commutative Property of Addition 5. _12(4 − 2x); 2 - 2x 6. _12(6x − 2); 3 − x
= (3 + 10)a + 2b Distributive Property
Simplify each expression. (Example 3)
= 13a + 2b Add inside the parentheses.
7. 32y + 12y = 44y 8. 12 + 3x + 12 − x = 24 + 2x
3a + 2(b + 5a) = 13a + 2b
y and 7y are like terms;
C y + 11x + 7y - 7x
y + 11x + 7y - 7x = y + 7y + 11x - 7x
11x and 7x are like terms.
Commutative Property
? ESSENTIAL QUESTION CHECK-IN
9. Describe two ways to check whether algebraic expressions are equivalent.

= (1 + 7)y + (11 - 7)x Distributive Property
Use models to compare the expressions, or use properties
Perform operations inside
= 8y + 4x
parentheses. of operations to rewrite one or both expressions.
y + 11x + 7y - 7x = 8y + 4x
Lesson 10.3 281 282 Unit 4
6_MCABESE207004_U4M10L3.indd 281 06/11/13 1:56 AM 6_MCAAESE207004_U4M10L3.indd 282 5/3/13 2:04 AM

Personal
Math Trainer
Online Assessment
and Intervention

assignment available 6.EE.2b, 6.EE.3, 6.EE.4
my.hrw.com
10.3 LESSON QUIZ Explore Activity 1 Exercise 1
Identifying Equivalent Expressions
6.EE.2b, 6.EE.3, 6.EE.4
Explore Activity 2 Exercises 2, 14
1. Use one of the properties of Modeling Equivalent Expressions
operations to write an expression
that is equivalent to 4 + m. Tell Example 1 Exercises 3–4, 10–13, 27–29
which property you used. Writing Equivalent Expressions Using Properties
Use the properties of operations Example 2 Exercises 5–6, 25
to determine if the expressions Identifying Equivalent Expressions Using
are equivalent. Properties
2. 3 + y; __13 (6 + y) Example 3 Exercises 7–8, 15–24, 26

Generating Equivalent Expressions
3. 4(y - 3); 4y - 12
Combine like terms.
4. 9y2 - 6y2
Exercise Depth of Knowledge (D.O.K.) Mathematical Practices
5. 5c + 4(d+ 6c)
10–24 2 Skills/Concepts MP.5 Using Tools
6. x + 10y + 4y + 4x
25 3 Strategic Thinking MP.3 Logic
Lesson Quiz available online
26–27 2 Skills/Concepts MP.4 Modeling
my.hrw.com
28–29 2 Skills/Concepts MP.2 Reasoning
30 3 Strategic Thinking MP.7 Using Structure
Answers
1. m + 4; Commutative Property 31 3 Strategic Thinking MP.3 Logic
of Addition
32 3 Strategic Thinking MP.7 Using Structure
2. not equivalent
3. equivalent
Additional Resources
4. 3y2
Differentiated Instruction includes:
5. 29c + 4d • Leveled Practice worksheets
6. 5x + 14y
Exercise 25 combines concepts from the California Common Core
cluster “Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to
algebraic expressions.”
283 Lesson 10.3

Name Class Date
27. Multiple Representations Use the information in the table to write
and simplify an expression to find the total weight of the medals won
10.3 Independent Practice Personal
Math Trainer
by the top medal-winning nations in the 2012 London Olympic Games.
The three types of medals have different weights.
Online Practice
6.EE.2b, 6.EE.3, 6.EE.4 and Help
my.hrw.com 2012 Summer Olympics
For each expression, use a property to write an equivalent expression. Gold Silver Bronze
Tell which property you used. Sample answers given. United States 46 29 29
10. cd = dc 11. x + 13 = 13 + x China 38 27 23

Great Britain 29 17 19
Commutative Prop. of Mult. Commutative Prop. of Addition
(46 + 38 + 29)g + (29 + 27 + 17)s + (29 + 23 + 19)b;
12. 4(2x − 3) = 4(2x) - 4(3) 13. 2 + (a + b) = (2 + a) + b
113g + 73s + 71b
Distributive Prop. Associative Prop. of Addition
Write an expression for the perimeters of each given figure. Simplify the
14. Draw algebra tile models to prove that 4 + 8x and 4(2x + 1) are equivalent.
expression.
28. 6x + 14 mm 29. 36.4 + 4x in.

10.2 in.
3x + 1 mm
x + 4 in. x + 4 in.
6 mm 6 mm
4 + 8x 4(2x + 1) x + 4 in. x + 4 in.
3x + 1 mm
10.2 in.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company • Image Credits: ©Comstock/Jupiterimages/Getty Images

15. 7x4 − 5x4 = 2x4 16. 32y + 5y = 37y
FOCUS ON HIGHER ORDER THINKING Work Area
17. 6b + 7b − 10 = 13b - 10 18. 2x + 3x + 4 = 5x + 4
30. Problem Solving Examine the algebra tile model.
19. y + 4 + 3(y + 2) = 4y + 10 20. 7a2 − a2 + 16 = 6a2 + 16
a. Write two equivalent expressions for + + + + +
21. 3y2 + 3(4y2 - 2) = 15y2 - 6 22. z2 + z + 4z3 + 4z2 = 4z3 + 5z2 + z the model. 4 + 6x; 2(2 + 3x) + + + + +
23. 0.5(x4 + 3) + 12 = 0.5x4 + 13.5 24. _14 (16 + 4p) = 4+p b. What If? Suppose a third row of tiles identical to the ones above is
added to the model. How does that change the two expressions?
25. Justify Reasoning Determine whether 3x + 12 + x is equivalent to The expressions become 6 + 9x and 3(2 + 3x).
4(3 + x). Use properties of operations to justify your answer.
3x + 12 + x = 12 + 3x + x (Comm. Prop.), and 31. Communicate Mathematical Ideas Write an example of an expression
that cannot be simplified, and explain how you know that it cannot be
12 + 3x + x = 12 + 4x (Dist. Prop.); 4(3 + x) = 12 + 4x simplified.
(Dist. Prop.). So, 3x + 12 + x = 12 + 4x. 3x2 - 4x + 7; It does not have any like terms.
26. Ted earns $13 an hour at a theater. Last week he worked h hours at the 32. Problem Solving Write an expression that is equivalent to 8(2y + 4) that
concession stand and three times as many hours at the ticket counter. can be simplified.
Write and simplify an expression for the amount he earned last week. Sample answer: 2(8y + 16)
13h + 13(3h) = 13h + 39h = 52h
Lesson 10.3 283 284 Unit 4
Activity During a basketball game, Joelle scored 8 points on free throws. She also
scored 2 points for each inside shot and 3 points for each outside shot she made.
Joelle made n inside shots and s outside shots during the game. Write six equivalent
expressions for the total number of points Joelle scored. Which properties of
operations did you use to identify equivalent expressions?
Sample answer:
Commutative Property of Addition: 8 + 2n + 3s, 8 + 3s + 2n, 2n + 3s + 8, 2n + 8 + 3s;
Distributive Property and Commutative Property of Addition: 2(4 + n) + 3s,
3s + 2(4 + n)

MODULE QUIZ
Ready to Go On? Ready Personal

Math Trainer
Assess Mastery 10.1 Modeling and Writing Expressions Online Practice
and Help
Write each phrase as an algebraic expression. my.hrw.com
Use the assessment on this page to determine if students have p
__
1. p divided by 6 6 2. 65 less than j j - 65
mastered the concepts and standards covered in this module.
3. the sum of 185 and h 185 + h 4. the product of 16 and g 16g
3
Response to 5. Let x represent the number of television show episodes that are taped
2 in a season. Write an expression for the number of episodes taped in
1 Intervention 4x
4 seasons.
10.2 Evaluating Expressions

Intervention Enrichment Evaluate each expression for the given value of the variable.
Access Ready to Go On? assessment online, and receive 6. 8p; p = 9 72 60

7. __
m; m = 5
12
instant scoring, feedback, and customized intervention 8. 4(d + 7); d = 2 36 9. 1 + r - r; r = 5
2 21
or enrichment. 10. To ﬁnd the area of a triangle, you can use the expression b × h ÷ 2,
Personal where b is the base of the triangle and h is its height. What is the area of
Online and Print Resources a triangle with a base of 6 centimeters and a height of 8 centimeters?
Math Trainer
24 cm2
Online Assessment Differentiated Instruction Differentiated Instruction
and Intervention
• Reteach worksheets • Challenge worksheets 10.3 Generating Equivalent Expressions
my.hrw.com 11. Draw lines to match the expressions in
• Reading Strategies EL PRE-AP List A List B
List A with their equivalent expressions
7x + 14 7( 1 + x )
• Success for English Extend the Math PRE-AP in List B.
7 + 7x 7x - 7
Learners EL Lesson Activities in TE ESSENTIAL QUESTION 7( x - 1 ) 7( x + 2 )

12. How can you solve problems involving equivalent expressions?
Additional Resources Sample answer: Model the expressions with bar models or
Assessment Resources includes: algebra tiles to determine if the expressions are equivalent;
• Leveled Module Quizzes Write equivalent expressions using properties of operations
and order of operations.
Module 10 285
Lesson Exercises Common Core Standards

10.1 1–5 6.EE.2a, 6.EE.2b, 6.EE.4, 6.EE.6
10.2 6–10 6.EE.2c
10.3 11 6.EE.2b, 6.EE.3, 6.EE.4
285 Unit 4 Module 10

MODULE 10 Personal
Assessment Readiness MIXED REVIEW
Assessment Readiness my.hrw.com

Math Trainer
Online Practice
and Help
Scoring Guide
Item 3 Award the student 1 point for identifying the two 1. Consider each algebraic expression and phrase.
Select Yes or No in A–D to tell whether the algebraic expression represents
properties used to support Alicia’s claim and 1 point for showing the given phrase.
how the properties can be used to justify the claim. A. r - 9, 9 fewer than r Yes No
B. 7r, the quotient of 7 and r Yes No
Item 4 Award the student 1 point for explaining how and why
C. r + 4, 4 more than r Yes No
he or she should compare the absolute values of the numbers and D. 83 ÷ r, the product of 83 and r Yes No
1 point for showing that Julio dove further.
2. Tell whether the statement in A–D is true or false.
Additional Resources A. When x = 3, the value of 7x2 - 14 is 49. True False

B. The expression 24 - 2x + 3y has
To assign this assessment online, login three terms. True False
Personal to your Assignment Manager C. The expression 3(n + 7) can be
Math Trainer described as the sum of 3
at my.hrw.com. and the product of n and 7. True False
Online D. No matter what value is chosen for s,
Assessment and s3 is greater than s2. True False
my.hrw.com Intervention
3. Alicia says the expression 2(m + 4) + 5 is equivalent to the expression
2m + 13. Identify two properties that can be used to support Alicia’s claim
and justify your answer.
Distributive Property; Associative Property of Addition;

2(m + 4) + 5 = 2m + 8 + 5 (Distributive Property);
2m + 8 + 5 = 2m + 13 (Associative Property of
Addition).

4. Mike dove to an elevation of -40 feet, and Julio dove to an elevation of -50
feet. Mike says that because -40 is greater than -50, he dove farther than
Julio. Use absolute value to explain Mike’s error.
You need to compare the absolute values, not the

numbers, to find the distances from sea level. |-40| = 40
and |-50| = 50. Since 50 > 40, Julio dove farther.
286 Unit 4

Item 3 combines concepts from the California
Items Grade 6 Standards Mathematical Practices Common Core cluster “Apply and extend
1 6.EE.2a MP.4 previous understanding of arithmetic to algebraic
expressions.”
2 6.EE.2b, 6.EE.2c MP.2
3 6.EE.3, 6.EE.4 MP.3
4* 6.NS.7d MP.3
* Item integrates mixed review concepts from previous modules or a previous course.

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Generating

Expressions You can model real-world

? ESSENTIAL QUESTION LESSON 10.2

Carpenters use formulas to calculate a

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT VIDEO

Generating Equivalent Algebraic Expressions 260

Learners of all levels succeed. Preview Words

Complete the sentences using the preview words.

Focus | Coherence | Rigor

Tracking Your Learning Progression

Before In this module After

Algebraic Expressions 6.EE.2

Write, read, and evaluate What It Means to You

Standards contains operations, numbers,

Content Areas Tina’s points: y + 3

$13 · hours at concessions + $13 · hours at ticket counter

Lesson Lesson Lesson

6.EE.2a Write expressions that record operations with numbers and

6.EE.3 Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent

6.EE.6 Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions

Generating Equivalent Algebraic Expressions 262

California Common Core Standards

Focus | Coherence | Rigor

Learning Progressions Cluster Connections

Academic/Content Vocabulary Building Background

Expanding At this stage of language development, ask students to demonstrate their

The solution is ________.

I know the solution is ________ because ________.

In order to solve this problem we had to ________.

Based on this solution, our answer is ________.

Modeling and Writing Expressions 263B

10.1 Modeling and Writing Expressions

263 Lesson 10.1

Phrase: The product of 11 and x

Writing Algebraic Expressions y less than 8

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

A Write each phrase as an algebraic expression. 7 x

Lesson 10.1 263 264 Unit 4

Modeling and Writing Expressions 264

ADDITIONAL EXAMPLE 4 EXAMPLE 4

265 Lesson 10.1

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Lesson 10.1 265 266 Unit 4

Modeling and Writing Expressions 266

Avoid Common Errors

267 Lesson 10.1

Write each phrase as an algebraic expression. (Example 1)

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Modeling and Writing Expressions 268

Online homework GUIDED AND INDEPENDENT PRACTICE

269 Lesson 10.1

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Lesson 10.1 269 270 Unit 4

EXTEND THE MATH PRE-AP Activity available online my.hrw.com

Modeling and Writing Expressions 270

California Common Core Standards

Focus | Coherence | Rigor

I know the solution is because .

Then I, . Next, I . Finally, I .

The first expression _, while the second expression _.

Using the ___ Property, I changed _ to _____.

I can demonstrate that this is equivalent by evaluating _ for _.

I wrote the term _ and _.

The coefficients in these terms are _ and _.