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Lariosa, Julius Roy S. Bmls 3J: ST ND

This document summarizes key concepts in genetics and cytogenetics. It identifies three primary sources of genetic variation: mutation, gene flow, and sex. It also outlines several areas of genetics, including classical genetics based on Mendel's laws, molecular genetics based on the central dogma, and evolutionary genetics based on Darwin's theory of natural selection. Examples of genetic variation within species and human genetics are provided.

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37 views

Lariosa, Julius Roy S. Bmls 3J: ST ND

This document summarizes key concepts in genetics and cytogenetics. It identifies three primary sources of genetic variation: mutation, gene flow, and sex. It also outlines several areas of genetics, including classical genetics based on Mendel's laws, molecular genetics based on the central dogma, and evolutionary genetics based on Darwin's theory of natural selection. Examples of genetic variation within species and human genetics are provided.

Uploaded by

Chi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lariosa, Julius Roy S.

THREE PRIMARY SOURCES OF GENETIC


VARIATION
BMLS 3J
 Mutation- change in DNA
Cytogenetics- it is a branch of genetics that
 Gene flow- any movement of gene
deals with the study of chromosome, which
from 1 population to another
are the visible carriers of the hereditary
 Sex-
material. It is a fusion:
 Sex-linked traits (e.g. x-linked-
 Biological science Males are the only affected
 Cytology (cell) population because they have 1
 Genetics (inherited variation) X chromosome)

-Is an evolving field. Focuses on human AREAS OF GENETICS


chromosome, structure, methodology &
 Classical Genetics (based on
techniques for the visualization of
Mendel’s 1st and 2nd laws)
chromosome aberrations
Gregor Mendel- father of genetics
-Chromosome abnormalities
 Law of Segregation
-Current topics in cytogenetics
- states that allele pairs
-Genetic & molecular basis of cancer separate or segregate during
gamete formation, and
randomly unite at fertilization
Genetics- study of heredity and variation
- half from your father and
Heredity- study of transmission of traits and another half from your
biological information between generations mother. Only one trait is
allowed
Variation- are simply differences in genetics  Law of Independent
sequence Assortment
Genotoype- genetic material - stating that when two or
more characteristics are
Phenotype- outcome of genes. Factor that inherited, individual
may affect the outcome of genes: hereditary factors assort
 Environment independently during gamete
production, giving different
Example of genetic variation (within species) traits an equal opportunity of
1. Domesticated species occurring together
2. Human genetics  Molecular Genetics (based on the
3. Natural population Central Dogma of Molecular
Genetics)
Achondroplasia- type of dwarfism  Evolutionary Genetics (based on the
Polydactyly- extra finger theory of Natural Selection proposed
by Charles Darwin)
A. suum- swine parasite; ancestor of A.
lumbricoides that adapts in human

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