Yat Harth
Yat Harth
Yat Harth
ON
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF
CONSUMER PREFERENCES OF
PRIVATE VS PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS
of
session : 2015-18
1
INDEX
Page No.
1. Acknowledgement
2. Executive Summary 1
9. Conclusions
ANNEXURE
* Questionnaire
* Bibiography
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Preservation, inspiration and motivation have always played a key role in the
success of any venture. In the present world of competition and success, project is like a
Bridge between theoretical and practical working, willingly I prepared this particular
Project. First of all I would like to thank the supreme power, the almighty god, who is
obviously the one who has always guided me to work on the right path of my life. I
would at the outset to thank Mrs. Meenakshi for granting me permission under take the
project “Attitudinal survey of plastic money”.
YATHART
H
3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In this research project, the customer base of private & public sector banks has been
studied and analysed. The prime objective was to study consumer behaviour towards
these two sectors of banks. Different factors that effect customer’s preferences while
In this study, Descriptive Research Design has been used. The engraved data has been
Primary Source includes questionnaire & Secondary sources include Internet, Banking
The sample universe consisted of banks customers and the sample population consists of
The analysis of the study depicts the priority list of the factors that are most significant to
It has been analysed & found that for Private banks reputation of banks, speedy &
efficient services are the priority factors for customers while for public banks
convenience is the main factor that effects customer’s priority for selection of the bank.
And accordingly suggestions have been given for improving upon those factors which act
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OBJECTIVES
To know the preferences of customers regarding Public & Private sector banks.
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INTRODUCTION
TO
THE TOPIC
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BANKING INDUSTRY
Due to increase in awareness and literacy ratio, the customer of today has become more
learned about the risks, costs and returns associated with various financial services . As
such it is presumed that the customers, these days are highly conscious while selecting
a bank which carries out their financial activities. The customers who have put their hard
earned savings in to banks and considered them absolute heavens of security are highly
Banking has become very fluid over past few years, which makes it extremely difficult to
Banks in India, like many others countries of the world, are subject to a host of control
measures of the Central Bank (RBI). Apart from the selective control of credit exercised
by the RBI, it controls the volume of credit in a quantitative way so as to influence the
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There has been almost an explosion in the operations of Commercial Banks (CB'S)
during a little more than two decades of the Post Nationalization period. The
Nationalization of 14 major banks in 1969 and 6 in 1980 divert their attention from class
banking to mass banking and concentrate their efforts on priority sector. The RBI has
set up a high-powered committee to review the norms for allowing entry of new private
sector banks in 1998. The main emphasis is on to encouraging the entry of new banking
institutions in order to increase credit flow and competition in the sector to provide
RBI has also allowed NBFC's (Non Banking Financial Companies) to convert themselves
in to banks subject to their fulfilling criteria. The RBI has set a minimum net worth of Rs.
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WHAT IS A BANK?
In simple words, bank refers to an institution that deals in money. This institution accepts
deposits from the people and gives loans to those who are in need. Besides dealing in
money, banks these days perform various other functions such as credit creation, agency
job and general service. Bank, therefore is such an institution which accepts deposits
from the people, gives loans, creates and undertakes agency work.
requires privatisation of banks so that the full benefits of competition can accure to the
economy.
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DEFINITION OF BANK
According to Whitehead,
"A bank is defined as an institution which collects surplus funds from the public,
safeguards them, and makes them available to the true owner when required, but also
lends sums not required by their true owner to those who are in need of funds and can
provide security."
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11
PROFILE OF
THE
ORGANISATION
TYPES OF BANKS
(A) Classification on the basis of ownership banks are of the following types:
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(1) Public Sector Banks
Public sector banks are those banks which are owned by the government. The
government runs these banks. In India, 20 banks were nationalised in 1969 and 1980. All
these banks now belong to the public sector category. Social welfare is their principal
objective.
These are those Banks which are owned and run by the private sector Like ICICI
Bank belongs to this category. An individual has control over these banks in proportion to
Cooperative banks are those banks which are jointly run by a group of individuals
having equal share in these banks. The affairs of the bank are managed by its share
holders.
Banks are classified in to the following two categories on the basis of Reserve
These are the banks having paid up capital of at least Rs 5 lacs. These are like a
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These banks are not mentioned in the second schedule of Reserve Bank. Paid up
These banks make short loans to the public and business establishments, and keep
their deposits with them. Credit creations are the principal function of these banks.
Punjab National Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce and Allahabad Bank are examples.
Foreign exchange banks are those banks which offer credit only for
foreign trade and imports of the country and these banks deal in foreign exchange.
Industrial Banks are those banks which offer long term and medium term loans to
the industries and also work for their development industrial Bank of India, Industrial
Agricultural banks are those banks that give credit to agricultural sector of the
economy. Short period loans are given to the farmers for the purchase of seeds, fertilizers
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and other inputs. Long period loans are given for making permanent improvement on
land.
* Saving Banks
The principal function of these banks is to collect small savings across the
Country and put them to the productive use. In India, Post Office Departments functions
as saving banks.
* Central Bank
Central bank is the apex bank of the banking system of the country. It issues
currency notes and acts as banker’s bank. It controls credit and regulates the banking
system of the country. The Reserve Bank of India is the Central Bank of India.
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ORGANISATION AND STRUCTURE OF BANKS
Banks are named after their way of functioning whether they have
company or by individuals and family members etc . If a bank has only one
office in which all its business operations are carried on, then it is called as
more branches, located at different places. Group banking occurs when the
chain banking system is named after the controlling of two or more banks by
UNIT BANKING
USA for the fear of monopoly and, there fore they are not allowed to spread
out their branches. The Unit Banks generally operate in small towns and
cities and thus named as country banks and city banks respectively.
BRANCH BANKING
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number of banks in the same city or town. The branches have their head
GROUP BANKING
America though a few other countries have also started following this
Banking System.
CHAIN BANKING
This is also specific feature of the banking system of the United States
control two or more banks, and in this respect it differs from group banking
MIXED BANKING
When a commercial bank grants loans for the short term and long
term periods to trade, industry and commerce etc, it is called mixed banking
CORRESPONDING BANKING
with one another , and there by earn a number of facilities and hence can
serve their customers better than if each were working alone. It has the
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INTRODUCTION TO COMMERCIAL BANKING
Commercial banks are joint stock companies dealing in money and credit.
chequeable deposits of money from the public and also uses the money with
accepts deposits called ' demand deposits ' from the public which are
deposits alone , how ever, does give it the status of a bank. Its another
They occupy a dominant place in the money market. The commercial banks
in India are governed by the Indian Banking Regulation Act 1949 Brought
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FUNCTIONS OF COMMERCIAL BANKS
Primary Functions
A bank accepts deposits from the public. People can deposit their cash
loans. A certain part of the cash received by the banks as deposits is kept in
the reserve and the rest is given as loan. Bank advances following types of
loans :
* Cash credit
* Overdrafts
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* Discounting of the bill exchange
* Credit Creation
Agency Functions
Remitting of money
Letter of references
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(3) General Utility Services
the society :
Locker Facilities
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BANKS IN INDIA
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RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
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1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The customer base of private & public sector banks has been comparatively
analysed to know what are the preferences of customers and what factors
3. RESEARCH DESIGN
4. DATA COLLECTION
In dealing with any real life problems it is often found that data at hand
are inadequate and hence it becomes necessary to collect the data which is
appropriate.
A. Primary Data
B. Secondary Data
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THE QUESTIONNAIRE
two hundred questionnaires have been got filled from the customers of the
5. SAMPLE UNIVERSE
6. SAMPLE POPULATION
The sample population includes customers of private & public sector bank.
7. SAMPLE SIZE
8. ANALYSIS OF DATA
After the data has been collected it is analysed by the help of various
Statistical tools like tables & pie charts, which provide a quick view
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of the preferences of the customers i.e. the value assigned by each customer
9. INTERPRETATION OF DATA
After analysis it is interpreted that there are a number of factors which effect
customers preferences for the choice of the bank i.e. whether to go for
The customer, he is quite selective while choosing a Bank which carries out
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REASONS FOR CHOOSING A BANK
1. Convenient Location
Bank Customer always want a bank in his\her easy reach so that he can
Now a days, every body is short of time. Every customer wants that
his work should be done in lesser time. So he prefers the bank which gives
him efficient and speedy service not wasting the customer's time.
The customer of today needs his bank for activities which transcend
5. Reputation of Bank
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excellence in service. Customers generally prefer a bank having long time
Customer, now days are quite conscious about his prestige. He usually
Other Reasons
5 Age factor
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ANALYSIS
&
INTERPRETATION
29
The responses have been analysed with the help of percentages and
the results have been presented in forms of tables . The various terms
VALUE (Val):
The term value represents the importance the customers are attached
to each criterion.
FREQUENCY (Freq):
particular value.
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TABLE 1
CONVENIENT LOCATION
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INTERPRETATION OF TABLE 1
percent rank it as the most important factor and 18 percent rank it is as the
have a wide net work of branches located at every nook and corner of the
other hand, private banks have a very few branches in selected cities .
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TABLE II
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INTERPRETATION OF TABLE II
Table II reveals that efficient and speedy service seem to be one of the
important reasons.
percent of the customers have not attached any significance to this factor.
sector banks. This is because these banks have the latest state of the art
Since PVTBS provide the customers the efficient and quick services,
a large number of private bank customers have chosen their banks for this
reason. Many of the PUBS on the other hand are still conducting their
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TABLE III
35
INTERPRETATION OF TABLE III
sector bank customers say that they have chosen their bank primarily
because they are known to the officials of the bank. PUBS have a large work
force having associations in the society at large. And thus, resulting in their
reasons for the public sector bank customers while choosing a bank.
However, the state of affairs is quite the opposite in case of private sector
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TABLE IV
37
INTERPRETATION OF TABLE IV
The customer of today needs his bank for activities which transcend
the conventional money transmissions and the normal working hours. Any
time, any where banking is the key word. PVTBS emphasize a lot-on
percent of the customer have not attached any importance to this reason.
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TABLE V
REPUTATION OF BANK
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INTERPRETATION OF TABLE V
Reputation of Banks
have left no stone un turned to provide their customers with the best
available. Work culture is quite good in PVTBS. This is the reason why
to this reason while selecting a bank. But on the other hand, only 5 percent
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TABLE VI
41
INTERPRETATION OF TABLE VI
Each and every person wants some importance from other person.
selecting a bank, customer prefers that bank in which his emotions are being
percent of the customer have not attached any importance to this criterion.
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TABLE VII
43
INTERPRETATION OF TABLE VII
innovative services.
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ANALYSIS OF ANOTHER FACTORS
Every customer wants his bank to be near to his place of work so that
he can easily make the deposits of withdraw the amount when ever he gets
free time.
Since the public sector banks have a wide net work of branches
located at every nook and corner of the country , the customers have a very
them rank it as the first most important criterion while 25 percent of them
All the above mentioned reasons are the primary one whereas
Secondary reasons like rate of interest and age factor also play a significant
Almost all the PUBS and PVTBS give equal rate of interest on deposits to
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factor is also an important reason for selecting bank. Old people do not
FINDINGS,
CONCLUSIONS
&
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SUGGESTIONS
FINDINGS
the choice pattern of public, private bank customers . The various factors
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CONCLUSIONS
* It is evident from the above findings that the various factors chosen by
convenience.
quite as expected.
* The PUBS have maintained the state of affairs with its customers in
* On the other hand, the efficiency and speedy service of the PVTBS
along with the fact that the customer are valued here are the reasons
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customers.
age factor and best saving rates, etc. which were expected to be of
significance while choosing a PTVBS did not rank on the priority list
of these customers.
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SUGGESTIONS
burden other wise its efficient and speedy services will be badly
affected.
customers
* PVTBS must open more branches in the cities for the convenience
* There should be more beneficial schemes for the farmers and other
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