NAVEDTRA 82415

Naval Education and April 1994 Nonresident Training

Training Command 0503-LP-479-3900 Course (NRTC)

Electronics Technician
Volume 5—Navigation Systems

Only one answer sheet is included in the NRTC. Reproduce the

required number of sheets you need or get answer sheets from your
ESO or designated officer.

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0503LP4793900
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

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 ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN - VOLUME 5,
NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
NAVEDTRA 82415
Prepared by the Naval Education and Training Program Management
Support Activity, Pensacola, Florida

Congratulations! By enrolling in this course, you have demonstrated a desire to improve

yourself and the Navy. Remember, however, this self–study course is only one part of the
total Navy training program. Practical experience, schools, selected reading, and your
desire to succeed are also necessary to successfully round out a fully meaningful training
program. You have taken an important step in self-improvement. Keep up the good work.

HOW TO COMPLETE THIS COURSE SUCCESSFULLY the subject matter in the TRAMAN. You may
refer freely to the TRAMAN and seek advice
ERRATA: If an errata comes with this course, and information from others on problems that
make all indicated changes or corrections may arise in the course. However, the
before you start any assignment. Do not answers must be the result of your own work
change or correct the Training Manual and decisions. You are prohibited from
(TRAMAN) or assignments in any other way. referring to or copying the answers of
others and from giving answers to anyone
TEXTBOOK ASSIGNMENTS: The TRAMAN for this else taking the same course. Failure to
course is Electronics Technician, Volume 5. follow these rules can result in suspension
Navigation Systems, NAVEDTRA 12415. The from the course and disciplinary action.
TRAMAN pages that you are to study are listed
at the beginning of each assignment. Study SUBMITTING COMPLETED ANSWER SHEETS:
these pages carefully before attempting to Complete all assignments as quickly as
answer the questions in the course. Pay possible to derive maximum benefit from the
close attention to tables and illustrations course. As a minimum, you must submit at
because they contain information that will least one assignment per month. This is a
help you understand the text. Read the requirement established by the Chief of
learning objectives provided at the beginning Naval Education and Training. Failure to
of each chapter or topic in the text and/or meet this requirement could result in
preceding each set of questions in the disenrollment from the course.
course. Learning objectives state what you
should be able to do after studying the TYPES OF ANSWER SHEETS: If you are a U.S.
material. Answering the questions correctly Navy enlisted member on active duty or a
helps you accomplish the objectives. drilling U.S. Naval Reserve enlisted member,
you should use the answer sheet attached at
BLACK DOT INFORMATION: Black dots (Ž) may be the end of this course and follow the
used in the text and correspondence course to instructions in section A below. If you are
emphasize important or supplemental an enlisted U.S. Naval Reserve member who is
information and to highlight instructions for not attached to a drilling unit or if you
answering certain questions. Read these are an officer, a civilian, or a member of
black dot entries carefully; they will help the U.S. Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, or
you answer the questions and understand the Coast Guard, you should use the Automatic
material. Data Processing (ADP) answer sheets included
in the course package and follow the
SELECTING YOUR ANSWERS: After studying the instructions in section B.
TRAMAN, you should be ready to answer the
questions in the assignment. Read each A. Manually Scored Answer Sheets
question carefully, then select the BEST
answer. Be sure to select your answer from

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A. Manually Scored Answer Sheets sheet for each assignment. Use only the
original ADP answer sheet provided in your
If you are a U.S. Navy enlisted member course package; NETPMSA will not accept
on active duty or attached to a U.S. Naval reproductions.
Reserve drilling unit, your course will be
administered by your local command. You Recording Information on the ADP
must use the answer sheet designed for Anwser Sheets: Follow the “MARKING
manual scoring, NETPMSA form 1430/5, Stock INSTRUCTIONS” on each answer sheet. Be
Ordering Number 0502–LP–216–0100. You may sure that blocks 1, 2, and 3 are filled in
get a supply of the forms from your correctly. This information is necessary
Educational Services Officer (ESO), or you for your course to be properly processed
may reproduce the one in the back of this and for you to receive credit for your
course booklet. DO NOT USE THIS FORM FOR work.
COURSES ADMINISTERED BY NETPMSA.
As you work the course, be sure to
Recording Information on the mark your answers in the course booklet
Manually Scored Answer Sheets: As you because your answer sheets will not be
complete each assignment, submit the returned to you. When you have completed
completed answer sheet to your ESO for an assignment, transfer your answer from
grading. You may submit more than one the course booklet to the answer sheet.
answer sheet at a time. Remember, you
must submit at least one assignment each Mailing the Completed ADP Answer
month. Sheets: Upon completing an assignment,
mail the completed answer sheet to:
Grading: Your ESO will grade each
answer sheet and notify you of any COMMANDING OFFICER
incorrect answers. The passing score for NETPMSA CODE 074
each assignment is 3.2. If you receive 6490 SAUFLEY FIELD RD
less than 3.2 on any assignment, the ESO PENSACOLA FL 32559-5000
will list the questions you answered
incorrectly and give you an answer sheet Use envelopes to mail your answer sheets.
marked “RESUBMIT.” You must redo the You must provide your own envelopes or
assignment and complete the RESUBMIT answer request them from your ESO. You may
sheet. The maximum score you can receive enclose more than one answer sheet in a
for a resubmitted assignment is 3.2. single envelope. Remember, regardless of
how many answer sheets you submit at a
Course Completion: After you have time, NETPMSA should receive at least one
submitted all the answer sheets and have assignment a month.
earned at least 3.2 on each assignment,
your command should give you credit for NOTE: DO NOT USE THE COURSE COMMENTS
this course by making the appropriate entry PAGE AS AN ENVELOPE FOR RETURNING ANSWER
in your service record. SHEETS OR OTHER COURSE MATERIALS.

Student Questions: If you have Grading: NETPMSA will grade the

questions concerning the administration of answer sheets and notify you by letter
this course, consult your ESO. concerning your grade for each assignment.
your incorrect answers, and your final
8. ADP Answer Sheets grade. The passing score for each
assignment is 3.2. If you receive less
If you are an enlisted U.S. Naval than 3.2 on any assignment, you must rework
Reserve member who is not attached to a the assignment. NETPMSA will enclose a new
drilling reserve unit or if you are an ADP answer sheet in the letter notifying
officer, a civilian, or a member of the you of the questions you answered
U.S. Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, or incorrectly. You will be required to redo
Coast Guard, use the ADP answer sheets the assignment and resubmit the new answer
provided in your course package. You sheet. The maximum score you can receive
should use one blank original ADP answer for a resubmitted assignment is 3.2.

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 Course Completion: When you if you are authorized to receive them under
complete the last assignment, fill out the current directives governing retirement of
“Course Completion” form in the back of the Naval Reserve personnel. For the purpose
course and enclose it with your last answer of Naval Reserve retirement, this edition
sheet. NETPMSA will issue you a letter of the course is evaluated at 2 points.
certifying that you satisfactorily These points will be credited to you upon
completed the course. You should make sure your satisfactory completion of the entire
that credit for the course is recorded in course.
your service record. YOU MAY RETAIN THE
TEXT. NOTE : YOUR OFFICIAL COURSE COMPLETION
DATE WILL BE THE DATE YOUR LAST ASSIGNMENT
NOTE: YOUR OFFICIAL COURSE COMPLETION IS PROCESSED THROUGH THE NETPMSA ADP
DATE WILL BE THE DATE YOUR LAST ASSIGNMENT SYSTEM--NOT THE DATE YOU LAST
IS PROCESSED THROUGH THE NETPMSA ADP ASSIGNMENT IN THE MAIL. Refer to the
SYSTEM-–NOT THE DATE YOU DEPOSIT THE LAST Course Completion paragraph under section
ASSIGNMENT IN THE MAIL. This is especially B. ADP Answer Sheets.
important if you are taking the course for
Naval Reserve retirement credit. You must COURSE OBJECTIVES
mail your answer sheets at least 60 days
before your anniversary date. This will After completing this course, you
provide you with enough time for delays in should be able to: Identify the primary
the mail or reworking failed assignments. navigation systems used by Navy surface
DO NOT MAIL YOUR ASSIGNMENTS TO THE NAVAL vessels; identify the basic components of
RESERVE PERSONNEL COMMAND (NRPC). and explain the basic operation of the
Ship’s Inertial Navigation System (SINS);
Student Questions: Refer identify the basic components of and
questions concerning this course to explain the operation of the U.S. Navy
NETPMSA by mail (use the address on page Navigation Satellite System (NNSS);
ii) or by telephone: DSN 922–1366 or identify the basic components of and
commercial (904) 452-1366. explain the operation of the NAVSTAR Global
Positioning System (GPS); and identify the
NAVAL RESERVE RETIREMENT CREDIT basic components of and explain the
operation of the Tactical Air Navigation
If you are a member of the Naval (TACAN) system.
Reserve, you will receive retirement points

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 Naval courses may include several types of questions—multiple-choice, true-false, matching, etc. The questions
are not grouped by type but by subject matter. They are presented in the same general sequence as the textbook
material upon which they are based. This presentation is designed to preserve continuity of thought, permitting
step-by-step development of ideas. Not all courses use all of the types of questions available. The student can readily
identify the type of each question, and the action required, by inspection of the samples given below.
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
Each question contains several alternatives, one of which provides the best answer to the question. Select the
best alternative, and blacken the appropriate box on the answer sheet.
SAMPLE
s-1. Who was the first person appointed Indicate in this way on the answer sheet:
Secretary of Defense under the
National Security Act of 1947?
1. George Marshall
2. James Forrestal
3. Chester Nimitz
4. William Halsey

TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS
Mark each statement true or false as indicated below. If any part of the statement is false the statement is to
be considered false. Make the decision, and blacken the appropriate box on the answer sheet.

SAMPLE
s-2. All naval officers are authorized to Indicate in this way on the answer sheet:
correspond officially with any systems
command of the Department of the
Navy without their respective com-
manding officer’s endorsement.
1. True
2. False

MATCHING QUESTIONS
Each set of questions consists of two columns, each listing words, phrases or sentences. The task is to select
the item in column B which is the best match for the item in column A that is being considered. Items in column
B maybe used once, more than once, or not at all. Specific instructions are given with each set of questions. Select
the numbers identifying the answers and blacken the appropriate boxes on the answer sheet.

SAMPLE
In questions s-3 through s-6, match the name of the shipboard officer in column A by selecting from column
B the name of the department in which the officer functions. Some responses may be used once, more than once.
or not at all.

A. OFFICER B. DEPARTMENT Indicate in this way on the answer sheet:

s-3. Damage Control Assistant 1. Operations Department

s-4. CIC Officer 2. Engineering Department

s-5. Disbursing Officer 3. Supply Department

s-6. Communications Officer

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 ASSIGNMENT 1
Textbook Assignment: “Surface Navigation Systems,” chapter 1, pages 1-1 through 1-19; and
“Tactical Air Navigation,” chapter 2, pages 2-1 through 2-9.

1-1. Tactical navigation is directly 1-6. Which of the following actions

concerned with maneuvering the ship required to determine position in
in navigable waters. piloting is/are not required in
electronic navigation?
1. True
2. False 1. Seeing the landmarks
2. Determining the ship’s heading
1–2. Estimating ship’s position between 3. Having the ship on a dead
known navigational points or fixes reckoned course
is known as 4. Both 2 and 3 above

1. ship maneuvering 1-7. According to the 1992 Federal Radio

2. dead reckoning Navigation Plan, which of the
3. ship reckoning following systems will become the
4. dead maneuvering primary reference navigation system
for surface ships?
1–3. Radio navigation consists of which
of the following categories? 1. LORAN
2. OMEGA
1. Sub-space systems 3. NAVSTAR
2. Space–based systems 4. TACAN
3. Terrestrial systems
4. Both 2 and 3 above 1-8. LORAN takes advantage of what radio
signal characteristic?
1–4. One of the characteristics of dead
reckoning is that the accuracy of 1. Constant amplitude
the estimated position never 2. Constant velocity
exceeds the navigation method used 3. Constant phase
to obtain the last fix. What 4. Constant volume
happens to the accuracy of the
estimated position over time? 1–9. OMEGA is a hyperbolic phase—
difference measuring system that
1. It increases compares the phase angle of two or
2. It decreases more radio signals synchronized to
3. It stays the same what device or factor?
4. It fluctuates
1. A common receiver
1-5. Referring to landmarks with known 2. A common signal shift
positions on earth describes which 3. A common time base
one of the following navigation 4. A common transmitter
methods?
1-10. Which navigation system continually
1. Celestial computes the latitude and longitude
2. Charting of a ship by sensing acceleration?
3. Dead reckoning
4. Piloting 1. NAVSTAR
2. OMEGA
3. MILSTAR
4. SINS

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1–11. A ship’s inertial navigation system 1-18. The nominal orbit of NNSS
is dependent on celestial, sight, satellites is what type of orbital
and radio navigation aids. parameter?

1. True 1. Status
2. False 2. Command
3. Systems
1–12. What device measures changes in 4. Fixed
speed or direction along the axis
in which it lies? 1-19. NNSS satellite data can be used as
an accurate time reference.
1. Gyroscope
2. Accelerometer 1. True
3. Axilometer 2. False
4. Servoscope
1-20. NNSS satellite refined orbits are
1-13. What type of system is used to keep calculated at which of the
a SINS platform stabilized? following facilities?

1. Servo 1. Tracking station

2. Synchro 2. Control station
3. Gyro 3. Computer center
4. Turbo 4. Injection station

1–14. Which of the following is a stand- 1-21. Which of the following facilities
alone SINS? calculates NNSS satellite clock
error before satellite message
1. AN/WSN-5 injection?
2. AN/WSN–25
3. AN/WRN-6 1. Control center
4. AN/WRN-8 2. Computer center
3. Tracking station
1-15. Approximately how often can 4. Injection station
operators using the NNSS obtain
fixes? 1-22. Approximately how long does it take
the injection station to transmit
1. Every hour information to an NNSS satellite?
2. Every 2 hours
3. Every 3 hours 1. 10 seconds
4. Every 4 hours 2. 12 seconds
3. 15 seconds
1-16. NNSS satellites transmit phase 4. 18 seconds
modulated data every 2 minutes on
how many rf carriers? l-23. If errors are detected during a
readback of freshly injected
1. One satellite data, how often is NNSS
2. Two satellite message injection
3. Three repeated until the transmission is
4. Four verified as being correct?

1–17. What are the two types of NNSS 1. Every 20 seconds

satellite parameters included in 2. Every 2 minutes
the phase-modulated data? 3. Every 2 hours
4. Every 12 hours
1. Systems and command
2. Terrestrial and space
3. Status and update
4. Fixed and variable

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 IN ANSWERING QUESTIONS 1-24, 1–25, 1-30. Which ship’s system will provide
AND 1–26, REFER TO FIGURE 1–7 IN the information required to perform
CHAPTER 1 OF THE TRAMAN. the additional computation required
by NNSS?
1-24. At what point during the satellite
pass will expansion effects cause 1. OMEGA
the received frequencies to drop 2. LORAN
below the generated frequencies? 3. PNNS
4. SINS
1. T1
2. T2 1–31 l Given the orbital parameters of a
3. T3 satellite, the Doppler shift of the
signal transmitted from that
1-25. At what point will the received satellite, and the velocity of a
frequencies exactly match the vessel, it is possible to obtain a
transmitted frequencies? navigational fix if the satellite
is within what distance from the
1. T1 navigation set?
2. T2
3. T3 1. Skip zone
2. Line–of–sight
1-26. At what point will compression 3. Scatter zone
effects cause the received 4. Line-of-support
frequencies to be higher than the
transmitted frequencies? 1-32. One of the capabilities of the
AN/WRN-5 includes time-ordered
1. T1 alerts for up to how many
2. T2 satellites?
3. T3
1. Six
1–27. Which of the following factors 2. Two
affects the measurement of Doppler 3. Eight
shift? 4. Four

1. Refraction 1-33. What is the “at sea” accuracy of

2. Reflection the AN/SRN-19(V)2?
3. Reduction
4. Reproduction 1. 0.25 feet
2. 0.25 meters
1–28. To solve the problem of Doppler 3. 0.25 miles
shift accuracy, satellites are 4. 0.25 kilometers
designed to transmit on how many
frequencies? 1-34. What activity may degrade the
accuracy of the AN/SRN-19(V)2?
1. One
2. Two 1. Ship’s maneuvers
3. Three 2. Sunspots
4. Four 3. Rain
4. High sea state
1–29. Accurate NNSS position fixes for a
moving vessel require what
additional computation?

1. Vessel’s draft
2. Vessel’s length
3. Vessel’s speed
4. Vessel’s class

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1–35. You are initializing the AN/SRN– 1–41. How many earth orbits will each GPS
19(V)2. In addition to programing satellite complete in a 24–hour
the set’s position, what other period?
parameter must you enter?
1. One
1. Antenna height 2. Two
2. Ship’s length 3. Three
3. Usable power 4. Four
4. Cabling length
1–42. What communications technique is
1–36. What navigational system will used for GPS satellite broadcasts?
replace the NNSS?
1. Spontaneous–emission
1. NAVSTAR GPS 2. Spread–spectrum
2. OMEGA MK2 3. Standard–broadcast
3. LORAN D 4. Spectral–emission
4. NNSS MK2
1–43. GPS satellites are positioned so a
1-37. Which of the following terms minimum of how many satellites are
describe GPS satellite positioning observable to a user anywhere on
data? earth?

1. Update and status 1. One

2. Variable and fixed 2. Two
3. Daily and hourly 3. Three
4. Almanac and ephemeris 4. Four

1–38. How often is the GPS satellite 1–44. Which of the two codes (C/A and P)
navigation data message updated? transmitted by GPS satellites is
NOT available to civilian users?
1. Every hour
2. Every 12 hours 1. Course acquisition code
3. Every 24 hours 2. Precise code
4. Every 36 hours
1–45. Which of the following data is
1–39. What facility transmits the data NOT included in the GPS NAV–msg?
required to update the GPS
satellite navigation data message? 1. Clock–bias
2. Correction data
1. Manned control center 3. Ephemeris
2. Manned tracking station 4. Spectral
3. Unmanned monitor station
4. Unmanned injection station l-46. GPS navigation is based on what
principle?
1-40. There are how many (a) active spare
and (b) active operational GPS 1. Satellite ranging
satellites? 2. Satellite speed
3. Satellite broadcast
1. (a) 21 (b) 3 4. Satellite response
2. (a) 3 (b) 21
3. (a) 3 (b) 24 1–47. Within how many feet can GPS
4. (a) 24 (b) 21 determine position fixes?

1. 50
2. 250
3. 500
4. 1000

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1-48. To obtain the above accuracy, how 1-54. Satellite signals reflecting off
many satellite inputs are required? one or more objects before reaching
the navigation set produce what
1. Five type of reception?
2. Two
3. Three 1. Multipath
4. Four 2. Faded
3. Skip-zone
1–49. How is the time difference between 4. Ground-wave
satellite transmission and when the
navigation set receives this signal 1-55. What data do operators enter into
related to the distance between the the AN/WRN-6(V) to speed up
satellite and the receiver? satellite acquisition?

1. Inversely proportional 1. Satellite type

2. Directly proportional 2. Time and date
3. Current position
1–50. GPS satellites use atomic clocks; 4. Both 2 and 3 above
the receivers do not. What type of
error must be computed based on 1-56. Which of the following is the
this fact? normal operating mode of the
AN/WRN-6(V)?
1. Delay
2. Eccentricity 1. Initialization
3. Modulation 2. Test
4. Clock 3. Navigation
4. Tracking
1-51. Tropospheric delay is predicted and
included in what satellite data? 1-57. Which of the following is a
portable GPS receiver?
1. Bias
2. Almanac 1. AN/WRN–6
3. Variable 2. AN/WSN-5
4. Precision 3. AN/PSN–8
4. AN/SPA-2
1-52. Ionospheric delay is greatest when
a signal is received from directly 1–58. TACAN is based on what type of
overhead. radio air-navigation system?

1. True 1. Polar-coordinate
2. False 2. Polar-sync
3. Neutral-coordinate
1-53. Of the frequencies listed below, 4. Neutral-sync
which one will ionospheric delay
phase–shift the most? 1-59. Instead of depending on radio-wave
reflection, beacon-transponders
1. 1227.60 MHz generate what type of replies?
2. 1575.42 MHz
3. 1883.65 MHz 1. Neutral
4. 2879.23 MHz 2. Artificial
3. Basic
4. Torque

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1–60. What type of decoders do TACAN 1-66. What type of radiation pattern is
transponders use? transmitted by the TACAN ground
station antenna?
1. Twin–pulse
2. Single–pulse 1. Parabolic
3. Neutral–pulse 2. Cardioid
4. Basic–pulse 3. Vectorial
4. Tangential
1–61. Which of the following receiver
controls provides noise–generated 1-67. What is the common name of the
output? 135–Hz reference burst?

1. Fidelity 1. Composite burst

2. Sensitivity 2. North reference burst
3. Cycle 3. Auxillary reference burst
4. Squitter 4. East reference burst

1–62. If more interrogating aircraft come 1-68. How often is the identification
into the TACAN’S range, the number code broadcast?
of noise–generated pulses will
1. Every 37.5 seconds
1. increase 2. Every 60 seconds
2. decrease 3. Every 37.5 minutes
4. Every 60 minutes
1–63. What signal does the TACAN ground
station transmit to identify 1-69. What is the designation of latest
itself? TACAN equipment in the fleet?

1. Identification pulse group 1. AN/URN–25

2. Voice pulse group 2. AN/URN-20
3. Triangulation pulse group 3. AN/URN-15
4. Burst pulse group 4. AN/URN–10

1–64. What characteristic of the 1-70. In the AS–3240 electronically–

transmitted TACAN pulses supplies scanned antenna, the old single-
the distance information to phase rotating parasitic element
aircraft? has been replaced by how many
electronically–switched inner
1. Amplitude parasitic elements?
2. Frequency
3. Timing 1. 6
4. Gain 2. 12
3. 24
1-65. What type of modulation is used to 4. 32
convey TACAN bearing information?
1–71. What is one big advantage the
1. Frequency electronically–scanned antenna has
2. Pulse over the old mechanically–rotated
3. Continuous wave antenna?
4. Amplitude modulation
1. It eliminates bandwidth
limitations
2. It is cheaper to build
3. It is easier to troubleshoot
4. It eliminates propagation
effects

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1-72. The AN/URN-20 uses the same 1-74. The TACAN receiver frequency is
electronically-scanned antenna as always displaced how many MHz from
the AN/URN-25. the transmitter frequency?

1. True 1. 20
2. False 2. 42
3. 63
1-73. What is the total number of TACAN 4. 75
channels available using both X and
Y modes? 1-75. How many aircraft can be provided
distance data simultaneously?
1. 68
2. 100 1. 25
3. 126 2. 50
4. 252 3. 75
4. 100

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