1

Tall Men Next Door

N ext door to me live four brothers of different

heights. Their average height is 74 inches, and the
difference in height amongst the first three men is two
inches. The difference between the third and the fourth
man is six inches.
Can you tell how tall is each brother?

2
A Matter of Time

F ifty minutes ago if it was four times as many minutes

past three o'clock, how many minutes is it to six
o'clock?
 3
Brothers and Sisters

A family I know has several children. Each boy in this

family has as many sisters as brothers but each girl has
twice as many brothers as sisters.
How many brothers and sisters are there?

4
Around the Equator

Two identical trains, at the equator start travelling

round the world in opposite directions. They start
together, run at the same speed and are on different
tracks.
Which train will wear out its wheel treads first?
 5
Over the Golden Gate

W hile in San Francisco some time back, I hired a

car to drive over the Golden Gate bridge. I started in
the afternoon when there was no traffic rush. So I
could drive at a speed of 40 miles an hour. While
returning. however. I got caught in the traffic rush and
I could only manage to drive at a speed of 25 miles an
hour.
What was my average speed for the round trip?

6
The Digits and Square Numbers

A
fourllsquare
the nine digits are arranged here so as to form
numbers:
9, 81, 324, 576
How would you put them together so as to form a
single smallest possible square number and a single
largest possible square number?

1
 7
Bicycle Thieves

A friend of mine runs a bicycle shop and he narrated

to me this following story:
A man. who looked like a tourist, came to his shop
one day and bought a bicycle from him for Rs. 350.
The cost price of the bicycle was Rs. 300. So my friend
was happy that he had made a profit of Rs. 50 on the
sale. However. atthe time of settling the bill, the tourist
offered to pay in travellers cheques as he had no cash
money with him. My friend hesitated. He had no
arrangement with the banks to encash travellers
cheques. But he remembered that the shopkeeper
next door has such a provision, and so he took the
cheques to his friend next door and got cash from him.
The travellers cheques were all of Rs. 100 each and
so he had taken four cheques from the tourist totalling
to Rs. 400. On encashing them my friend paid back
the tourist the balance of Rs. 50
The tourist happily climbed the bicycle and pedalled
away whistling a tune.
However, the next morning my friend's neighbour,
who had taken the travellers cheques to the bank,
called on him and returned the cheques which had
proved valueless and demanded the refund of his
money. My friend quietly refunded the money to his
neighbour and tried to trace the tourist who had given
him the worthless cheques and taken away his bicycle.
But the tourist could not be found.
How much did my friend lose altogether in this
unfortunate transaction?

1
 8
The Bus Number

While visiting a small town in the United States,

lost my overcoat in a bus. When I reported the matter
to the bus company I was asked the number of the bus
Though I did not remember the exact number I did
remember that the bus number had a certain peculia-
rity about it. The number plate showed the bus number
was a perfect square and also if the plate was turned
upside down, the number would still be a perfect
square—of course it was not?
I came to know from the bus company they had
only five hundred buses numbered from I to 500
From this I was able to deduce the bus number
Can you tell what was the number?

9
The Hour Hand and the Minute Hand

W e all know that the hour hand and the minute

hand on a clock travel at different speeds. However,
there are certain occasions when they are exactly
opposite each other. Can you give a simple ormula
for calculating the times of these occasions

1
 10
To Catch a Thief

S ome time back while in England I came across a

case in a criminal court. A man was being accused of
having stolen certain valuable jewels and trying to run
away with them, when he was caught by a smart police
officer who overtook him.
In cross examination the lawyer for accused asked
the police officer how he could catch up with the
accused who was already twenty seven steps ahead of
him, when he started to run after him. 'Yes sir,' the
officer replied. 'He takes eight steps to every five of mine.'
`But then officer', interrogated the lawyer, 'how
did you ever catch him, if that was the case?'
`That's easily explained sir,' replied the officer, 'I
have got a longer stride... two steps of mine are equal to
his five. So the number of steps I required were
fewer than his, and this brought me to the spot where
I captured him.'
A member of the jury, who was particularly good
at quick calculations did some checking and figured
out the number of steps the police officer must have
taken.
Can you also find out how many steps the officer
needed to catch up with the thief?

1
 The Gong

S
longupposing a clock
will the same takestake
clock 7 seconds
to striketo10?
strike 7. how

12
Something for the Marmalade

Alittle girl I know sells oranges from door to door.

O n e d a y w h i l e o n h e r r o u n d s s h e s o l d an
orange more than halt her oranges to the first
customer. To the second customer she sold 1/2 an
orange more than half of the remainder and to the
third and the last customer she sold 2 an orange more
than half she now had, leaving her none.
Can you tell the number of oranges she originally
had? Oh. by the way, she never had to cut an orange

1
 13
The Counterfeit Note

W hile walking down the street, one morning, I

found a hundred rupee note on the footpath. I picked
it up, noted the number and took it home.
In the afternoon the plumber called on me to
collect his bill. As I had no other money at home, I
settled his account with the hundred rupee note I had
found. Later I came to know that the plumber paid the
note to his milkman to settle his monthly account, who
paid it to his tailor for the garments he had made.
The tailor in turn used the money to buy an old
sewing machine, from a woman who lives in my
neighbourhood. This woman incidentally, had bor-
rowed hundred rupees from me sometime back to buy
a pressure cooker,remembering that she owed me
hundred rupees, came and paid the debt.
I recognised the note as the one I had found on the
footpath, and on careful examination I discovered that
the bill was counterfeit.
How much was lost in the whole transaction and
by whom?

1
 Cotton or Gold

W hich would
or a pound you say is heavier, a pound of cotton
of gold?

15
Nuts for the Nuts

Last rime I visited a friend's farm near Bangalore he

gave me a bag containing 1000 peanuts From this I
took out 230 peanuts for myself and gave away the
bag with the remainder of peanuts to three little
brothers who live in my neighbourhood and told them
to distribute the nuts among, themselves in proportion
to their ages—which together amounted to 171/2
years.
Tinku, Rinku and Jojo, the three brothers, divided
the nuts in the following manner:
As often as Tinku took four Rinku took three and
as often as Tinku took six Jojo took seven
With this data can you find out what were the
respective ages of the boys and how many nuts each
got?

17
 16
The Wedding Anniversary

R ecently I attended the twelfth wedding anniversary

celebrations of my good friends Mohini and Jayant.
Beaming with pride Jayant looked at his wife and
commented, 'At the time when we got married Mohini
was /4th of my age, but now she is only /6th
3 5

We began to wonder how old the couple mint

have been at the time of their marriage!
Can you figure it out?

17
I'll Get it for You Wholesale...

A wholesale merchant came to me one day and

posed this problem. Every day in his business he had
to weigh amounts from one pound to one hundred
and twenty-one pounds, to the nearest pound. To do
this, what is the minimum number of weights he needs
and how heavy should each weight be?

1
 18
The Broken Glasses

M y friend Asha was throwing a very grand party

and wanted to borrow from me 100 wine glasses. I
decided to-send them through my boy
servant,Harish.
Just to give an incentive to Harish to deliver
the glasses intact I offered him 3 paise for
every glass delivered safely and threatened to
forefeit 9 paise for every glass he broke.
On settlement Harish received Rs. 2.40 from
me How many glasses did Harish break?

18
The Peculiar Number

T here is a number which is very peculiar. This

number is three times the sum of its digits.
Can you
find the number ?

1
 20
Make a Century

T here are eleven different ways of writing 100 in the

form of mixed numbers using all the nine digits once
and only once. Ten of the ways have two figures in the
integral part of the number, but the eleventh expre-
ssion has only one figure there.
Can you find all the eleven expressions?

21
The Perplexed Postal Clerk

M y friend Shuba works in a post office and she sells

stamps. One day a man walked in and kept seventy
five paise on the counter and requested, 'Please give
me some 2 paise stamps, six times as many as one
paisa stamps, and for the rest of the amount give me 5
paise stamps.'
The bewildered Shuba thought for a few moments
and finally she handed over the exact fulfilment of the
order to the man—with a smile.
How would you have handled the situation?

20
 2 2

The Mystery of the Missing Paisa

Two women were selling marbles in the market

place one at three for a paisa and other at two for a
paisa. One day both of them were obliged to return
home when each had thirty marbles unsold. They put
together the two lots of marbles and handing them
over to a friend asked her to sell them at five for
paise. According to their calculation. after all, 3 for one
paisa and 2 for one paisa was exactly the same as 5 for
2 paise.
Now they were expecting to get 25 paise for the
marbles, as they would have got, if sold separately But
much to their surprise they got only 24 paise for the
entire lot.
Now where did the one paisa go'? Can you explain
the mystery?

21
 23
Walking back to Happiness

A man I know, who lives in my neighbourhood,

travels to Chinsura everyday for his work. His wife
drives him over to Howrah Station every morning and
in the evening exactly at 6 p .She picks him up from
the station and takes him home.
One day he was let off at work an hour earlier, and
so he arrived at the Howrah Station at 5 p.m. instead
of at 6 p.m. He started walking home. However,he met
his wife enroute to the station and got into the car:
They drove home arriving 10 minutes earlier than
usual.
How long did the man have to walk, before he was
picked up by his wife?

22
 4 22

On the Line

Istations
t is a small town railway station and there are 25
on that line. At each of the 25 stations the
passengers can get tickets for any of the other 24
stations.
How many different kinds of tickets do you think
the booking clerk has to keep?

25
The Legacy

W hen my uncle in Madura died recently. he left a

will, instructing his executors to divide his estate of
1,920,00 in this manner: Every son should receive
three times as much as a daughter, and that every
daughter should get twice as much as their mother .

What is my aunt's share?

23
 26
The Round Table

W e have a circular dining table made of marble

which had come down to us as a family heirloom. We
also have some beautiful bone-china saucers that I
recently brought from Japan.
Diameter of. our table top is fifteen times the
diameter of our saucers which are also circular. We
would like to place the saucers on the table so that they
neither overlap each other nor the edge of the table.
How many can we place in this manner?

27
Down the Escalator

R ecently, while in London, I decided to walk down

the escalator of a tube station. I did some quick calcu-
lation in my mind. Hound that if I walk down twenty-six
steps, I require thirty seconds to reach the bottom.
However, if I am able to step down thirty-four stairs I
would only require eighteen seconds to get to the
bottom.
If the time is measured from the moment the top
step begins to descend to the time I step off the last
step at the bottom, can you tell the height of the
stairway in steps?

24
 28
The Chess Board

W e all know that a chess board has 64 squares. This

can be completely covered by 32 cardboard rectang-
les, each cardboard covering just 2 squares.
Supposing we remove 2 squares of the chess board
at diagonally opposite corners, can we cover the modi-
fied board with 31 rectangles? If it can be done, how
can we do it? And if it cannot be done, prove it
impossible.

29
The Game of Cats and Mice

A number of cats got together and decided to kill

between them 999919 mice. Every cat killed an equal
number of mice.
How many cats do you think there were?
Oh, by the way let me clarify just two points it is
not one cat killed the lot, because I have said 'Cats .

and it is not 999919 cats each killed one mouse.

because I have used the word 'mice'
I can give you just one clue---each cat killed more
mice than there were cats.

25
 30
The Wheels

Afriend of mine in Bangalore owns a horse-driven

carriage. It was found that the fore wheels of the
carriage make four more revolutions than the hind
wheel in going 96 feet. However, it was also found that
if the circumference of the fore wheel was 3/2 as great
and of the hind wheel 4/3 as great, then the fore wheel
would make only 2 revolutions more than hind wheel
in going the same distance of 96 feet.
Can you find the circumference of each wheel?

31
Blow Hot Blow Cold

Isame
t is a matter of common knowledge that 0°C is the
as 32°F. It is also a known fact that 100°C equals
212°F. But there is a temperature that gives the same
reading on both Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales.
Can you find this temperature?

26
 32
The Llama Race

Recently, while I was in a holiday resort in Peru I

watched a very interesting spectacle. Two gentlemen
by the name of Sr. Guittierez and Sr. Ibanez decided
to have a Llama race over the mile course on the
beach sands. They requested me and some of my
other friends whom I had met at the resort to act as the
judges. We stationed ourselves at different points on
the course, which was marked off in quarter mile-
But, the two Llamas. being good Mends
not to part company, and ran together the whole way.
However, we the judges, noted with interest the
folowing results.
The Llamas ran the first three quarters in
three quarters minutes. They took the same time to run
the first half mile as the second halt. And they ran the
third quarter in exactly the same time as the last quar
-

ter.
From these results I became very much Interested
in finding out just how long it took those two Llamas
to run the whole mile.
Can you find out the answer?

27
 33
The Shattered Clock

A clock with the hours round the face in Roman

block numbers, as illustrated in the sketch fell down
and the dial broke into four parts. The numerals in
each part in every case summed to a total of 20.
Can you show how the four parts of the clock face
was broken?

28
 34
The Painted Window

y room has a square window of 4 feet across and

4 feet down. I decided to get only half the area of the
window painted. Even after the painting I found that
the clear part of the window still remained a square
and still measured 4 feet from top to bottom and 4 feet
from side to side.
How is it possible?

35
Animals on the Farm

M y friend who owns a farm near Bangalore had five

droves of animals on 'his farm consisting of cows
sheep and pigs with the same number of animals in
each drove.
One day he decided to sell them all and sold them
to eight dealers.
Each of the eight dealers bought the same number
of animals and paid at the rate of Rs. 17 for each cow
Rs. 2 for each sheep and Rs. 2 for each pig
My friend received from the dealers in total Rs 2S! ,
- ,

How many animals in all did he have and how.

many of each kind?

29
 36
Which is the Better Bargain?

R ecently while shopping in New Market in Calcutta,

I came across two very nice frocks selling at a discount.
I decided to buy one of them for my little girl Mammu.
The shopkeeper offered me one of the frocks for Rs.
35 usually selling for /7 of that price and the other one
8

for Rs. 30 usually selling for /6 of that price.

7

Of the two frocks which one do you think is a better

bargain and by how much per cent?

-37
Walking all the Way

O ne day I decided to walk all the way from Banga-

lore to Tumkur. I started exactly at noon. And someone
I know in Tumkur decided to walk all the way to
Bangalore from Tumkur and she started exactly at 2
P.M., on the same day.
We met on the Bangalore-Tumkur Road at five
past four, and we both reached our destination at
exactly the same time.
At what time did we both arrive?

30
 38
The Train and the Cyclist

A railway track runs parallel to a road until a bend

brings the road to a level crossing. A cyclist rides along
to work along the road every day at a constant speed
of 12 miles per hour.
He normally meets a train that travels in the same
direction at the crossing.
One day he was late by 25 minutes and met the
train 6 miles ahead of the level crossing. Can you
figure out the speed of the train?

39
Something for Profit

Afriend of mine bought a used pressure cooker for

Rs. 60. She somehow did not find it useful and so
when a friend of hers offered her Rs. 70 she sold it to
her. However, she felt bad after selling it and decided
to buy it back from her friend by offering her Rs. 80.
After having bought it once again she felt that she did
not really need the cooker. So she sold it at the auction
for Rs. 90.
How much profit did she make? Did she at all make
any profit?

3
 40
The Digital Game

T here is a number, the second digit of which is

smaller than its first digit by 4, and if the number was
divided by the digits'sum, the quotient would be 7.
Can you find the number?

41
The Faulty Machine

A factory manufacturing flywheels for racing cars has

ten machines to make them. The manufacturer knows
the correct weight for a flywheel.
However, one day one of the machine begins to
produce faulty parts--either overweight or under-
weight.
How can the manufacturer find the faulty machine
in only two weighings?

32
 42
The Number and the Square

Iinna thesquare
diagram the numbers from 1 to 9 are arranged
in such a way that the number in the second
row is twice that in the first row and the number in the
bottom row three times that in the top row.
I am told that there are three other ways of arrang-
ing the numbers so as to produce the same result,
Can you find the other three ways?

irM•••_

1 9 2

3 8 4

5 7 6

33
 43
Squares and Right Angles

C an you make 2 squares and 4 right-angled triangles

using only 8 straight lines?

44
The Dishonest Merchant

A n unscrupulous trader decided to make some extra

profit on coffee. He bought one type of coffee powder
at Rs. 32 a kilo and mixed some of it with a better
quality of coffee powder bought at Rs. 40 a kilo, and
he sold the blend at Rs. 43 a kilo. That gave him a profit
of 25 per cent on the cost.
How many kilos of each kind must he use to make
a blend of a hundred kilos weight?

34
 45
For the Charities

One day when I was walking on the road in New

Delhi, a group of boys approached me for donation
for their poor boys' fund. I gave them a rupee more
than half the money I had in my purse. I must have
walked a few more yards when a group of women
approached me for donation, for an orphanage. I gave
them two rupees more than half the money I had in
my purse. Then, after a few yards I was approached by
a religious group for a donation to the temple they
were building. I gave them three rupees more than half
of what I had in my purse.
At last when I returned to my hotel room, I found
that I had only one rupee remaining in my purse.
How much money did I have in my purse when I
started?

46
The Number Game

T he product of three consecutive numbers when

divided by each of them in turn. the sum of the three
quotients will be 74.
What are the numbers?

35
 47
The Sari and the Blouse

IMarket.
bought a sari and a blouse for Rs. 110 at the New
The sari cost Rs. 100 more than the blouse,
how much does the sari cost?

48
When was he Born?

S ome months
the Central Park back,
in Newthis year, I was walking through
York.
I saw an intelligent looking little boy playing all by
himself on the grass. I decided to talk to him and just
as an excuse to start the conversation I asked him his
age. A mischievous glint flickered in his eyes and he
replied, 'Two days back I was ten years old, and next
year I shall be thirteen. If you know what's today you'll
be able to figure out my birthday and that'll give you
my age.' I looked at him bewildered.
How old was the boy?

36
 19
The Weight of the Block

A cement block balances evenly on the scales with

three quarters of a pound and three quarters of a block.
What is the weight of the whole block?

Lucrative Business

T wo unemployed young men decided to start a

business together. They pooled in their savings. which
came to Rs. 2.000. They were both lucky. their busi-
ness prospered and they were able to increase their
capital by 50 per cent every three years.
How much did they have in a ll at the end of
eighteen years.

37
 51
The Old Ship

S ome years back I was travelling by a cargo ship

from New Zealand to Tahiti. I was curious to look
around the ship one day,and in the boiler room I asked
a man how old the ship was. He smiled and replied in
this way: 'The ship is twice as old as its boiler was when
the ship was as old as the boiler is now. And the
combined age of the ship and the boiler is thirty years.'
Can you figure out what is the age of the ship and
of the boiler?

52
The Three Containers

W e have three containers which hold 19, 13 and 7

ounces of liquid respectively. The 19 ounce container
is empty but the 13 and 7 ounces containers are full.
How can we measure out 10 ounces by using only the
three above mentioned containers?

38
 53
On the Way to Market

O ne morning I was on my way to the market and

met a man who had 4 wives. Each of the wives had 4
bags,containing 4 dogs and each dog had 4 puppies
Taking all things into consideration, how many
were going to the market?

54
A Matter of Denominator

A fraction has the denominator greater than its

numerator by 6. But if you add 8 to the denominator,
the value of the fraction would then become 1/3.
Can you find this fraction?

39
 55
Right Foot Forward

A short man takes three steps to a tall man's two

steps. They both start out on the left foot. How many
steps do they have to take before they are both step-
ping out on the right foot together?

56
A Problem of Socks

M ammu wears socks of two different colours—white

and brown. She keeps them all in the same drawer in
a state of complete disorder.
She has altogether 20 white socks and 20 brown
socks in the drawer. Supposing she has to take out the
socks in the dark, how many must she take out to be
sure that she has a matching pair?

40
 A Fair Division

A rich farmer died leaving behind a hundred acres

of his farm to be divided among his three daughters
Rashmi, Mala and Rekha---in the proportion of
one-third, one-fourth and one-fifth, respectively. But
Rekha died unexpectedly.
Now how should the executor divide the land
between Rashmi and Mala in a fair manner'?

58
Mathematics and Literature

Recently a publishing company which specialises in

mathematical books, advertised the job opening of an
assistant editor. The response was good. One hundred
people applied for the position. The company, how-
ever, wanted to make their selection from the appli-
cants who had some training in both mathematics and
literature.
Out of one hundred applicants the company found
that 10 of them had no training in mathematics and no
training in literature, 70 of them had got mathematical
training and 82 had got training in literature.
Now many applicants had got training in both
mathematics and literature?

4
 58
Heads I Win Tails I Lo se

D uring my last visit to Las Vegas in the U.S.A., I met

a man who was an inveterate gambler. He took out a
coin from his pocket and said to me, 'Heads I win ,tails
I lose. I'll bet half the money in my pocket.'
He tossed the coin, lost and gave me half the
money in his pocket. He repeated the bet again and
again each time offering half the money in his pocket.
The game went on for quite some time. I can't
recollect exactly how long the game went on or how
many times the coin was tossed, but I do remember
that the number of times he lost was exactly equal to
the number of times he won.
What do you think, did he, on the whole, gain or
lose?

4
 60
Problem from Lilavati

H ere is an ancient problem from Bhaskaracharya s

Lilavati:
A beautiful maiden, with beaming eyes. asks me
which is the number that, multiplied by 3. then in-
creased by three-fourths of the product. divided by 7.
diminished by one-third of the quotient, multiplied by
itself, diminished by 52, the square root found, addi-
tion of 8, divisionby 10 gives the number 2'
Well, it sounds complicated, doesn't it? No, not if
you know how to go about it.

61
Up the Ladder

A man wants to reach a window which is 40ft. above

the ground. The distance from the foot of the ladder to
the wall is 9 feet.
How long should the ladder be?

43
 62
Pigs and Ducks

W hile driving through the countryside one day I

saw a farmer tending his pigs and ducks in his yard. I
was curious to know how many of each he had. I
stopped the car and inquired.
Leaning on the stile jovially, he replied,, 'I have
altogether 60 eyes and 86 feet between them'.
I drove off trying to calculate in my mind the exact
number of ducks and pigs he had.
What do you think is the answer?

63
The Faulty Watch

O ne day I found a strange thing happening to my

watch the minute hand and the hour hand were
coming together every sixty-five minutes. I decided to
get it checked.
Was my watch gaining or losing time, and how
much per hour?

4
 64
The Egg Vendor and His Eggs

R asoot, the man who delivers eggs to my home

everyday, did not turn up one day. So when he came
the next morning I demanded an explanation from
him. He told me the following story:
The previous morning when he just came out of
the house carrying a basketful of eggs on his head to
start his daily rounds and stepped on to the street, a
car going at full speed brushed against him and
knocked down his basket destroying all the eggs. The
driver, however, a thorough gentleman admitted his
responsibility and offered to compensate him for da-
mages. But Rasool could not remember the exact
number of eggs he had, but he estimated the number
between 50 and 100. He was also able to tell the
gentleman that if the eggs were counted by 2's and 3's
at a time, none would be left, but if counted by 5's at
a time, 3 would remain, and that he sold the eggs 50
paise a piece.
The gentleman made some quick calculations and
paid Rasool adequately.
How much did the gentleman pay Rasool?

45
 65
Some Luck!

A society of farmers who own farms in the vicinity

of my home town Bangalore, planned on holding a
raffle and persuaded me to buy a ticket. The value of
the ticket was Rs. 5. As I did not want to pay the entire
amount myself, 1 asked my friend Radha to chip in with
me, and offered to share with her in 'proportion the
prize bounty— if there was going to be any. She paid
Rs. 2 and I paid the rest.
As luck would have it—Bingo! ... we won the first
prize—a flock of 50 sheep! Good God! ... Neither of
us knew what to do with the sheep ... Where would
we take them in the first place? Neither of us had had
any training as shepherds! So we decided to sell the
sheep back to the farmers.
As per our original understanding 20 of the sheep
belonged to Radha and 30 were mine.
However, I decided that we had won the prize
because of our combined luck, and so we should
divide its value equally.
The sheep-30 of mine and 20 of Radha's- were
sold, each at the same price, and I paid her Rs. 150 to
make the sum equal.
What was the value per sheep?

4
 66
The Trains and the Falcon

Two trains start from two opposite directions towards

each other. The stations from which they start are 50
miles apart. Both the trains start at the same time on a
single track. A falcon which is sitting on one train. starts
at the same time towards the other train. as soon as it
reaches the second one,it flies back to the first train and
so on and so forth. It continues to do so,flying back-
wards and forwards from one train to the other until
the trains meet.
Both the trains travel at a speed of 25 miles per
hour, and the bird flies at 100 miles per hour.
How many miles will the falcon have flown before
the trains meet?

47
 67
Which is more Lucrative?

A businessman advertised two job openings for

peons in his firm. Two men applied and the business-
man decided to engage both of them. He offered them
a salary of Rs. 2,000 per year; Rs. 1,000 to be paid
every half year, with a promise that their salary would
be raised if their work proved satisfactory. They could
have a raise of Rs. 300 per year, or if they preferred,
Rs. 100 each half year.
The two men thought for a few moments and then
one of them expressed his wish to take the raise at Rs.
300 per year, while the other man said he would
accept the half yearly increase of Rs. 100.
Between the two men, who was the gainer, and by
how much?

48
 68
Little Mammu and the Marbles

L ittle Mammu was playing marbles with her friend

Nawal I heard her say to him, 'if you give me one of
your marbles I'll have as many as you. Nawal replied. '
if you give me one of your marbles, and I'll have twice as
many as you.'
I wondered how many marbles each had! What do
you think?

69
A Family Matter

F ifteen years back my neighbour Mrs Sareen had

three daughtersSudha. Scema and Reerna- and their
combined ages were half of hers. During the next five
years Sonny was born and Mrs. Sareen's age equalled
the total of all her children's ages.
After some years Kishu was born and then Sudha
was as old as Reema and Sonny together. And now,
the combined age of all the children is double Mrs.
Sareen's age, which is, as a matter of fact, only equal
to that of Sudha and Seema together. Sudha's age is
also equal to that of the two sons.
What is the age of each one of them")

49
 70
The High-Rise

W hile in Canada, I visited a beautiful high-rise

building in the Metropolitan City of Toronto. The
manager of the building told me that the building
consisted of different kinds of apartments large and
small. Two room apartments were 5% in number,
2 /2's-7% in number, 3's-15% in number,
1

3 /2's-20% in number, 4 /2's-49% in number,

1 1

5's-33% in number, 5 /2's-12% in number, 6's-3%

1

in number and in addition several 4 room apartments.

Altogether the building contained 437 apartments.
Can you figure out how many apartments are there
in each type, using round figures?

71
The Curious License Plate

W hen I acquired my Mercedes-Benz car in Ger-

many, the first thing I had to do was to get a license
plate. The plate I got had a peculiar number on it. It
consisted of 5 different numbers and by mistake when
I fixed it upside down the number could be still read,
but the value had increased by 78633.
What was my actual license number?

50
 72

Lose or Gain

A man I know runs a workshop in Calcutta. He

bought two lathes to use in his workshop. However,
he found out afterwards that they did not serve the
purpose for .which he had bought them, and so he
decided to sell them. He sold them each for Rs. 600
making a loss of 20% on one of them and a profit of
20% on the other.
Did he lose or gain in the transaction. and how
much did each machine cost him?

-73
A Problem of Combination

A boxyellow
green, containsand
12blue--4
marbleseach.
of three different colours
If you were to close your eves and pick them at
random, how many marbles must you take out to be
sure that there are at least two of one colour among
the marbles picked out?

5
 74
On the See-Saw

S ome days back, walking through the park, I saw a

little girl trying to play the see-saw all by herself. It takes
two to see-saw, but here was a girl who was ingenious
enough to try and see-saw on her own.
I saw her tying a number of bricks to one end of
the plank to balance her weight at the other.
I curiously noted that she just balanced against
sixteen bricks, when these were fixed to the short end
of the plank and I also noticed that if she were to fix
them to the long end of the plank, she only needed
eleven as balance.
I wondered what was the girl's weight. The brick, I
could guess weighed equal to a three quarter brick and
three quarter of a pound.
Can you figure it out?

5
 5
The Special Number

T
halfhere is a number whose double is greater than its
by 45.
Can you find this number?

6
Sawing the Tree Trunk
-

A heavy tree trunk can be sawed into a 12 ft long

piece in oneminute. How long will it take to saw it into
twelve equal pieces?

53
 77
The Bigamist

A man I know in Bombay committed bigamy by

marrying two women at brief intervals, one without the
knowledge of the other.Somehow he was not brought
to the notice of the law and though; if exposed the axe
could fall on him any day, he decided to get the best
out of the situation while it lasted.
He was fond of both the women and had no special
preference for either. One lived near Churchgate and
the other in Bandra. He worked near a station midway
between Churchgate and Bandra.
After work he generally went to the station, and
took that train which got into the station first-Chur-
chgate or Bandra. He arrived at his destination at
random timings, but found that he was visiting his
Churchgate wife much more often than the other,
despite the fact that both the Churchgate and Bandra
trains were on schedules which brought him to his
station equally often. The same thing had been hap-
pening for a very long time.
Can you find the reason for the frequency of his
Churchgate trips?

54
 78
The Split

C
one an you parts
of the split 34 parts into
equals 2
of two
/5
parts such that
the other? 7 of

79
At the Fete

A number of us went out together to a charity fete

one day. Our party consisted of 4 different professional
groups, namely 25 writers, 20 doctors, 18 dentists and
12 bank employees. We spent altogether Rs. 1,330
Later it was found that 5 writers spent as much as
four doctors, that twelve doctors spent as much as nine
dentists, and that six dentists spent as much as eight
bank employees.
How much did each of the four professional groups
spend?

55
 80
At the Store

Iwasentered a store and spent one-half of the money that

in my purse. When I' came out I found that I had
just as many paise as I had rupees and half as many
rupees as I had paise when I went in.
How much money did I have with me when I
entered?

81
The Counterfeit Coins

D uring my last visit to the U.K. I spent a few days in

a small town, where I stayed as a paying guest with a
British landlady. The heaters in the rooming house
were all coin operated.
One day my landlady requested my help in sorting
out a problem.
There were one hundred and twenty coins in her
gasmeter and one of them, she knew, was counterfeit.
The counterfeit coin was either heavier or lighter than
the others.
Now the problem was to isolate this coin and find
out whether it was lighter or heavier, in five weighings.
How can one do it?

56
 82
Multiplying Bacteria

Bacteria is known to multiply very rapidly.

A certain container contains just one bacteria on
the first day and there are twice as many on the next
day. In this manner the number of bacteria in the
container doubles itself everyday.
Assuming that the container would be full of bac
teria on the 10th day, on which day would the con
tamer be half full.

83
A Puzzling Number

T here is a tenth
of its third, numberandwhich is greater
the twelfth than
parts the aggregate
by 5S
Can you find the number?

57
 84
What a Coincidence!

A group of seven young men named Arun, Binoy,

Chunder, Dev, Edward, Fakruddin and Govind were
recently engaged in a game. They had agreed that
whenever a player won a game he should double the
money of each of the other players, in other words he
was to give the players just as much money as they had
already in their pockets.
In all they played seven games and, strangely, each
won a game in turn in the order in which their names
are given. But what was even more strange was that
when they had finished the game each of the seven
young men had exactly the same amount, Rs. 32 in his
pocket.
Can you find out how much money each person
had with him before they began the game?

58
 85
The Idler

R am Rakhan was well known all around his

neighbourhood for being a very lazy person. So when
he went around looking for a job as a farm-hand
everyone refused to engage him, except farmer Gulab
Singh, who was a very smart person.
Gulab Singh engaged the services of Ram Rakhan
at a salary of Rs. 240 a month consisting of 30 days.
However, he set a condition that he would forefeit Rs.
10 for each day that he idled. Ram Rakhan accepted
the job.
At the end of the month it was found that neither
owed the other anything. This taught a lesson to Ram
Rakhan.
Can you tell just how many days Ram Rakhan
worked and how many days he idled?

59
 86
Numbers Game

D
veryuring one ofgame
interesting my tours to Canada,
participated by Itwo
came across a
players.
A group of match sticks is placed on the table and
then it is reduced in turn by each player by removing
from the group at least. 1 but not more than 4 match
sticks.
The player who takes the last match stick is the
winner.
If there is a group of 17 match sticks on the table
how would you make your first move, if it was your
turn and how would you continue to play to win?

87
A Bargain in Guavas

R ecently I bought some guavas at New Market for

Rs. 1.20. But they were so small that I made the vendor
throw in two extra guavas for the same price.
As I began to walk away the vendor mumbled that
this transaction had made him lose 10 paise a dozen
less than the price settled before.
How many guavas did I get for my Rs. 1.20?

60
 88
The Mathematical Shepherd

S hepherd Gopal had a curious aptitude for

mathematics and he was known around where he
lived as the 'Counting Shepherd'.
A man passing through the meadow one day saw
Gopal grazing a number of sheep and in the course of
a short conversation asked him how many of the
grazing sheep were his own. Copal's reply absolutely
baffled him, which was as follows:
'If you divide my sheep into two different parts, the
difference between the two numbers will be the same
as the difference between their squares. Now figure it
out for yourself the number of sheep I own.'
Can you say just how many sheep Gopal had?

89
Father and Son

A father, I know, is 4 times his son s age And in 30

years son's age will be half of his father's age
How old are the father and son now )

6
 90
The Six Matches

Shown in the sketch are six matchsticks.

Can you rearrange them to make nothing?

nn
6
n
 91
No Change Please!

II had Rs. 1.15 in my purse in 6 coins, but i found that

could not give change for a rupee. half a rupee
quarter rupee, ten paise or five paise.
Which 6 coins did I have?

92
A Date to Reckon With

T he date 8.8.64, meaning August 8,1964 is a very

interesting date, because the product of the first two
numbers equals the third.
Can you find the year of the twentieth century ,

which gives the maximum dates of this kind?

63
 93
Gold for All Occasions

W hich is worth more , a bucket fu ll of ha lf a

sovereign gold pieces or an identical bucket full of 1
sovereign gold pieces?

94
The Ink-Spot

One day, Mammu set a very interesting problem to

me. She pushed a large circular table we have at
home, into the corner of the room, sothat it touched
both walls and spilled a spot of ink on the extreme
edge, and she said, 'Mummy here is a little puzzle for
you. Look at that spot. It is exactly eight inches from
one wall and nine inches from the other. Now tell me
the diameter of the table without measuring it
Can you?

6
 95
Spade for a Heart

Here is a spade:
Can you cut the spade into three pieces that will fit
together and form a heart?
Remember, no part of the material should be
wasted.

6
 96
The Number Puzzle

Tbetween
here are two numbers with the difference of 3
them and the difference of their squares is 51.
Can you find the numbers?

97
A Problem of Coins

Cin an5 straight

you place 10 coins in such a way that they lie
lines and on each line there are 4 coins.
There are at least two solutions.

66
 98
The Squirrel and the Post

Imaking
saw a squirrel climbing up a cylindrical post spirally,
the circuit in four feet.
Supposing the top of the post is sixteen feet high
and three feet in circumference, how many feet does
it travel to the top?

99
Hearts Apart

A man I know fell in love with a woman who lived

63 miles away. Finally he decided to propose marriage
to his beloved and invited her to travel towards his
place and offered to meet her en route and bring her
home.
The man is able to cover 4 miles per hour to the
woman's 3 miles per hour.
How far will each have travelled upon meeting)

67
 100
The Curfew

Ibeverages
n most States in India the law for the sale of alcoholic
provides that beer cannot be sold after a
certain hour. However, in some States the law permits
a customer to consume, after the deadline, what has
been sold before the curfew.
In a certain bar 2 men ordered sufficient beer to
cover their probable requirements in anticipation of
the curfew. One man ordered and paid for 5 bottles
and the other man ordered and paid for 3 bottles. But
as the curfew started, an old friend of both the men
approached and requested them to share the eight
bottles of beer between them.
The friend thanked the two men and put down Rs.
8 in payment for the beer he had consumed, asking
them to share the money in proportion to the quantity
of beer they have contributed to him.
How should this money be equitably divided bet-
ween the two men?

6
 101
A Problem of Age

Recently I met a woman I hadn't seen for a long

time. In the course of conversation she said. 'Do you
know something funny? If you reverse my own age.
the figures represent my husband's age.He is,of course,
senior to me and the difference between our age is
one-eleventh of their sum.
Can you find out the woman's age as well as her
husband's age?

102
The Passenger Train and the
Goods Train

T wo trains, a passenger train and a goods train., are

running in the same direction on parallel railway tracks.
The passenger train takes three times as long to pass
the goods train even when they are going in the
opposite directions.
If the trains run at uniform speeds, how many times
faster than the goods train is the passenger train mov-
ing?

69
 103
The Circular Numbers

Here is a sketch:
Can you rearrange the position of the numbers 1
to 10 so that the sum of any two adjacent numbers is
equal to the sum of the pair of numbers at the opposite
ends of the diameters?

7
 104
Rice for the Festival

At a certain festivity a rich man decided to distribute

free rice to deserving people. He had altogether 100
kilos of rice and he wanted to distribute the grain to
100 people in such a manner that each old person
received three kilos, each young person two and each
child half a kilo. How many old persons, young per-
sons and children were there?

105
Threes to Make Thirty-one

Can you write 31 using only digit 3 five times?

7
 106
Swarm of Bees

H ere is another problem from Bhaskaracharya's

Lilavati:
The square root of half the number of bees in a
swarm has flown out upon a jasmine bush; eight ninths
of the whole swarm has remained behind; one female
bee flies about a male that is buzzing within the lotus
flower into which he was allured in the night by its
sweet odour, but is now imprisoned in it. Tell me the
number of bees?

107
Story of the Three Farmers

T
Onehree farmers
farmer paid
grazed hisRs. 1,000 another
9 mules, for a small pasture.
his 12 cows
for twice the time and last man put in some goats for
21 times as the second man's cows and paid half the
o
c st of the pasture.
Can you find out how many goats did the last man
have, if 6 cows eat as much as 4 mules, and 10 goats
as much as 3 cows? And how much did the first and
second man each pay?

7
 108
What Were You Doing When the
Lights Went Out?

L ast time there was load shedding in Calcutta. I was

reading a very interesting book and I could not stop.
My neighbour Parveen gave me two candles and
assured me that I could manage with them.
Though the candles were of the same length,Par-
veen told me that one candle would burn for tour
hours and the other for five hours.
After I had been reading for some time 1 put the
candles out as the lights came on again. And I noticed
that what remained of one candle was exactly four
times the length of what was left of other.
Can you find out just how long those two candles
were burning?

109
Staff and the Steeple

A five feet long staff casts a shadow 2 feet long. Can

you find the height of a steeple whose shadow at the
same hour, is 120 ft. long?

7
 110
The Dotted Square

T wenty-five dots are arranged in a square formation

in 5 rows of 5, as shown in the sketch:

• • • • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

• • • • •

Can you connect 12 of these dots with straight lines

to, form a perfect cross which has five dots inside it and
8 dots outside?.

7
 111
Up the Stream—Down the Stream

W hile up stream, a crew can row a boat in eight and

four-sevenths minutes. ,But if there was no stream they
could row it in seven minutes less than it takes them to
drift down the stream.
Can you say how long it would take them to row
down with the stream?

112
Wine and Water

W hile I was talking

this interesting problem:to a chemist one day, he set me
`I decided to mix some wine spirits and water. I
had two bottles containing 10 ounces of each. I poured
just a quarter of an ounce of spirits into the water and
shook them up. You can see clearly that the mixture
was forty to one. Now I thought that I should have the
same quantity of fluid in both the bottles, and so I
poured back a quarter of an ounce of the mixture into
the bottle containing spirits.'
Can you tell what proportion of spirits to water did
the spirits of wine bottle then contain?

75
 113
The Long Tunnel

A train is one mile long. It travels at the rate of one

mile a minute through a tunnel which is also one mile
long.
Can you say how long it will take for the train to
pass completely through the tunnel?

114
The Horse, the Cow and the Sheep

A man
owns owns a horse, a cow and a sheep. He also
a pasture.
If the horse and cow can eat the contents of the
pasture in 40 days, while the horse and sheep can do
it in 60 days and the cow and the sheep in 90 days,
how long all of them together will take to eat all
the contents?

7
 115
The Two Mathematical Men

IDuring
n Bangalore there is a well known Science Institute.
a visit I asked two of the men to tell me their
ages. One replied, 'One of our ages subtracted from
the other's equals 30.'
Then the other man spoke. 'Our ages multiplied
together equal 1624.'
What were their ages?

116
A Question of Mileage

I20,000
f 5 tyres were used on a car which has travelled
miles, how many miles did each tyre sustain, if
all the tyres were used equally in su s ta in in g th i s
mileage?

7
 117
A Problem of Dissection

T he shape shown in the sketch below, obviously, is

that of a square attached to half of another similar
square, divided diagonally:
Can you divide it into four pieces all of precisely
the same size and shape?

78
 118
The Sixteen Fours

H
4's? ow can you make a total of 1,000 by using sixteen

119
The Strange Two Numbers

T here isare
squares two whole
a cube and thenumbers,
differencedifference of their
of their cubes
square. These are the smallest possible numbers .
is a
Can you find the numbers?

79
 120
How Much?

Iwhat
haveyou
twohave,
10 paise
howcoins.
much If
do/5you
4
of have?
what I have is /9 of
8

121
The 'Mixed Double'

F our married couples played a tennis tournament of

`mixed doubles'. A man and a woman always played
against a man and a woman. However, no person ever
played with or against any other person more than
once. They all played together in two courts on three
successive days.
Can you show how they could have done it?

80
 122
The Bargain

Sometimes one is mystified at the startling reductions

some people make in their prices and wonders on
what principle the reductions are based. To quote an
example three years ago a friend offered me a used
typewriter for Rs. 1024. A year later he offered me the
same for Rs. 640 and last year he wanted Rs. 400 and
now he is willing to sell it to me for Rs. 250. But I have
decided to buy it when he reduces next time.
If he does a consistent reduction. at what price will
he offer the typewriter to me next?

123
At the Fair

A t the fair I bought 6 pineapples and two jackfruits

for Rs. 15. If I could have bought 4 more pineapples
for Rs. 14 than jackfruits for Rs. 9. What would be the
price of each?

8
 124
Sections of a Necklace

Isisting
have five sections of a necklace—each section con-
of four links. I took the sections to a goldsmith
and asked him to give me an estimate to join the 5
sections into a one piece necklace. The goldsmith
wanted Rs.1 to cut open a link and Re, 1 to solder it
together again.
What is the cheapest method and how much
should it cost me to get the five pieces joined together
into one full necklace?

125
The Problem of Square Boards

Icontaining
have three square boards, the surface of the first
five square feet more than the second, and
the second containing five square feet more than the
third.
Can you find the exact measurements for the sides
of the boards?

82
 1 26
Age of Demochares

T his is an ancient problem dating back to about 310

A.D.
Demochares had lived one-fourth of his life as a
boy, one-fifth as a youth. one-third as a man. and has
spent thirteen years in his dotage. How old is Demo
chares?

12 7

The Age Old Problem

The combined ages of Reena and Seena are 44 years

and Reena is twice as old as Seena was when Reena
was half as old as Seena will be when Seena is three
times as old as Reena was when Reena was three times
as old as Seena.
How old is Reena?

83
 128
The Painted Cube

A cubic object 3" x 3" x 3" is painted blue on all

the outside surfaces, including the top and bottom. If
the cube is cut into 27 cubes of 1" x 1" x 1", how
many 1" cubes do have any painted surfaces?

128
Smoking Not Prohibited

A standard-sized cigarette can be_rolled out of 6

standard-sized cigarette butts. How many cigarettes
can be made and smoked from 36 butts?

84
 130
Mathematical Taxi Driver

S ome times small town taxi drivers can be very rude.

One taxi driver I had the occasion to travel with was
particularly lacking in courtesy, and so I asked for his
number.
The driver gave me a sardonical smile and said.
`Well, if you divide my number by 2. 3, 4. 5 or 6 you
will find there is always 1 remaining. But if you divide
it by 11 there is no remainder. Do you want to know
something more? There is no other cabby in this town
with a lower number than—who can say the same.'
and he drove off, while I stood there completely ba-
ffled.
What was the man's number?

131
The Tennis Tournament

A singles tennis tournament is held in which 30 men

participate. If a player is eliminated as soon as he loses
a match, how many matches are required to determine
the winner?

85
 132
Dividing the Load Equally

O n my return to India, after an extensive tour of

America, I waited for the two crates I had sent by ship
as unaccompanied baggage.
When they finally arrived, I had them cleared
through the Customs and engaged three labourers to
carry them to my home 3 miles distant. I was going to
pay them Rs. 8 each for this task.
As I was going to pay each of them equal amounts,
they decided to carry a crate each equal distance.
How did they manage to do it?

133
Longfellow and His Bees

H
llowere is aown
in his simple arithmetical
flowery, poetical puzzle set by Longfe-
language.
If one-fifth of a hive of bees flew to the badamba
flower, one-third flew to the slandbara, three times the
difference of these two numbers flew to an arbour, and
one bee continued to fly about, attracted on each side
by the fragrant Ketaki and Malati, what was the total
number of bees?

8
 13-1
Mr. Portchester's Problem

L ast time I saw Mr. Portchester in London he was

facing a serious problem pouring his wine from one
vessel to the other.
Mr. Portchester had two ten quart containers full of
wine. He also had a five quart and a four quart
measure.
All he wanted to do was put exactly three quarts
into each of the two measures. He was standing there
wondering how he should do it!
Now I offered to help and gave him some sugges
tions.
Can you find out what was my suggestion and
how many manipulations of pouring from one vessel
to the other did he require, without waste of any wine.
tilting or other tricks.

35
Driving Through the Country

Iondecided to drive through the country leisurely. and

did 51
the first day I did only 7 miles. On the last day I
miles, increasing my journey 4 miles each day
How many days did I travel and how far?

87
 136
Dots and Lines

N ine dots
a square are arranged
as shown by 3 rows
in the sketch of 3 in the form of
below:

• • •
• • •
• ••
Can you draw four straight lines. tine second begi-
nning where the first ends, the third beginning where
the second ends, and the fourth beginning where the
third ends so that each dot is or at least one line?

88
 137
The Triangles

How many triangles, of any size. are there in this star.

VAT
vIr

89
 138
The Sabbath Day

C hristians
the Jews the hold the first
seventh, dayTurks
and the of the the
week as Sabbath,
sixth.
How can these three, have their own true Sabbath
on the same day?

139
The Puzzled Artist

A n artist wanted to paint a picture on a canvas which

would allow for a margin of 4 inches on top and
bottom and two inches on each side. He wanted the
picutre itself to occupy 72 square inches.
What would be the smallest dimensions, the canvas
he is going to obtain, should possess?

90
 140
The Mystery of Number Eleven

C
any an
9 ofyou
thefind the largest
10 digits. possible0number
considering also containing
as a number .

that is divisible by 11, without a remainder?

14 1
The Rose Garden

Igarden.
n my bungalow in Bangalore I have a beautiful rose
The four sides of the garden are known to be 20
16, 12 and 10 rods. And it is also known that it has the
greatest possible area for those sides,

Can you find the area?

9
 142
Squares Within Square

In the illustration below, how many squares are there?

_
_ N•••111 111=1.1 1

92
 1 33
The Farmer and the Animals

F armer Thimmayya bought some mules at Rs. 50

each, sheep at Rs. 40 each, goats at Rs, 25 each. and
pigs at Rs. 10 each. The average price of the animals
per head worked to Rs. 30.
How many animals of each kind did he buy?

I3 4
The House Where She Lives

IStephanie.
t was at a cocktail party in New York that I met
We exchanged our phone numbers and
decided to meet each other soon.
When she rang up and invited me to her house this
is how she gave me the number of her house:
'I live in a long street. Numbered on the side of my
house are the houses one, two, three and so on All
the numbers on one side of my house add up to exactly
the same as all the numbers on the other side of my
house. I know there are more than fifty houses on that
side of the street, but not so many as five hundred
Can you find Stephanie's house number'

93
 145
The Mango Thieves

O ne night three naughty boys stole a basketful of

mangoes from a garden, hid the loot and went to
sleep. Before retiring they did some quick counting
and found that the fruits were less than a hundred in
number.
During the night one boy awoke, counted the
mangoes and found that he could divide the mangoes
into three equal parts if he first took one for himself.
He then took one mango, ate it up, and took of the
/ rest ' hid them separately and went back to sleep.

Shortly thereafter another boy awoke, counted the

mangoes and he again found that if he took one for
himself the loot could be divided into three equal
parts. He ate up one mango, bagged of the remainder,
hid them separately and went back to sleep. The third
boy also awoke after some time, did the same and
went back to sleep.
In the morning when they all woke up, and counted
their mangoes, they found that the remaining mangoes
again totalled 1 more than could be .divided into three
equal parts.
How many mangoes did the boys steal?

94
 136
A Matter of Rupees and Paise

I have a money pouch containing Rs. 700. There are

equal number of 25 paise coins, 50 paise coins and
one rupee coins.
How many of each are there?

137
Sawing the Cube

We have a wooden cube of 3" on a side and we

have a buzz-saw. The cube can be cut into 27 one inch
cubes by the buzz-saw. Only 6 cuts of saw are nece-
ssary to do this, while keeping the pieces together.
Now, can you reduce the number of cuts by rearranging
the pieces after each cut? If you can, how is it done? If
you can't, why can't it be done?

95
 148
The Two Trains

T wo trains start at the same time, one from Bangalore

to Mysore and the other from Mysore to Bangalore. If
they arrive at their destinations one hour and four
hours respectively after passing one another, how
much faster is one train running than the other?

149
The Squares

C an you find four numbers such that the sum of

every two and the sum of all four may be perfect
squares?

150
The Arithmetical Landlady

W hile house hunting in London, I came across a

very good leasehold property Discussing the lease the
landlady told me:
`The property was originally on a 99 years lease
and two-thirds of the time passed is equal to four-fifths
of the time to come. Now work it out for yourself and
see how many years are there to go!'

96
Sol ut io ns
1
The first brother is 70 inches tall, the second 72, the
third 74 and the fourth brother 80 inches tall.

2
Twenty-six minutes.

3
Since the boys have as many brothers as sisters, there
must be 1 boy more than the number of girls. If we try
2 and 1, 3 and 2, and 4 and 3, we will find that 4 boys
and 3 girls is the solution to fulfil the requirement that
each girl has twice as many brothers as sisters.

4
Naturally, the train travelling against the spin of the
earth. This train will wear out its wheels more quickly,
because the centrifugal force is less on this train.

5
No, the answer is not 32 /2 miles an hour, though this
1

figure is the obvious answer! However, this represents

the average of the 2 speeds and not the average speed
for the whole trip.
If the time is equal to the distance divided by the
average speed, then the time for the trip starting from
San Francisco equals s/4o and the time for the return

98
trip is s/25 which gives us a total time of s/40 + s/25
which equals 13s/200.
Therefore,,the average speed for the whole trip
when the average speed equals the distance divided
by the time is 2S divided by 13s/200 which equals 2S
times /13s, which equals 400s/13S, or 30 10/13
200

miles an hour.

6
The lowest square number I can think of, containing
all the nine digits once and only once, is 139854276.
the square of 11826, and the highest square number
under the same conditions is 923187456 the square of
30384.

7
One can think of different answers for this question.
but yet the correct answer is very simple. All we have to
consider is that the shop owne r could no t have
possibly lost more than the fourist actually stole.
The tourist got away with the bicycle which cost the
shop owner Rs. 300 and the Rs. 50 'change'. and
therefore, he made off with Rs. 350. And this is the
exact amount of the shopkeeper's loss.

8
By experiment we find that the only numbers that can
be turned upside down and still read as a number are
0, 1, 6, 8 and 9.

99
 The numbers, 0, 1 and 8 remain 0, 1 and 8 when
turned over, but 6 becomes 9 and 9 becomes 6.
Therefore,the possible numbers on the bus were 9, 16,
81, 100, 169 or 196. However, the number 196 is the
only number which becomes a perfect square when
turned over because 961 is the perfect square of 31.
Therefore,196 is the correct answer.

9
Here is the formula that gives the minutes past twelve
to which the hour hand points when the minute hand
is exactly thirty minutes ahead.
Minutes past twelve Y =30/11 [(n-1) 2+1]
where n is the next hour
Let's take the case of at what time between 4 and 5
will the hands be opposite each other? (n=5).
•

Y = 30/11 X 9 = 270/11 +24 6/11

i.e. the hour hand will be 24 minutes past 4.
The formula may be derived from the following:
If X is distance moved by the minute hand
Y is the distance moved by hour hand
then X—Y = 30
First time the hands move round X = 12 Y
Second time the hands move round X = 12 Y-5
Third time the hands move round X = 12 Y-10 etc.

10
The Police Officer took thirty steps. In the same time
the thief took forty-eight, which added to his start of

10
twenty-seven, that means he took seventy-live steps
This distance would be exactly equal to thirty steps of
the Police Officer.

11
While striking 7 the clock strikes its first gong at 7
o'clock and it strikes 6 more at regular intervals. These
6 intervals take 7 seconds so that the intervals between
gongs is 7 /6 seconds. However,to strike 10 there are
9 intervals each taking 7/6 seconds for a total of 10 1

seconds.

12
In order that the little girl should have disposed of the
oranges she had remaining after her second sale, she
must have had at least one whole orange remaining so
that she could deduct from it 'half of her oranges plus
half an orange', for the third and the final sale. There-
fore, if 1 orange represents half of the remaining after
the second sale, then she must have sold two oranges
in her second sale, leaving the 3 oranges after the first
sale.
Lastly,if three oranges only represent half the orig-
inal number, plus half an orange , then she must have
started with [(3 x 2) + 1] or 7 oranges.

13
All the transactions carried out through the counterfeit
note are invalid, and, therefore, everybody stands in

10
relation to his debtor just where he was before I picked
up the note.

14
A pound of cotton is heavier than a pound of gold
because cotton is weighed by the avoirdupois pound,
which consists of 16 ounces, whereas gold, being a
precious metal is weighed by the troy pound which
contains 12 ounces (5760 grams).

15
When Tinku takes 12, Rinku and Jojo will take 9 and
14, respectively—and then they would have taken
altogether thirty-five nuts.
Thirty-five is contained in 770 twenty-two times
which means all one has to do now is merely multiply
12, 9 and 14 by 22 to find that Tinku's share was 264,
Rinku's 198 and Jojo's 308.
Now as the total of their ages is 17 /2 years or half
1

the sum of 12, 9 and 14, their respective ages must be

6, 4 /2 and 7 years.
1

16
Jayant was 24 and Mohini 18.

17
The minimum number of weights required is five and
these should weigh 1, 3, 9, 27 and 81 pounds.

102
18
Let's assume G is the number of glasses delivered
intact. Then,
3G = the amount earned.
Let's assume B is the number of glasses broken
Then,
9B = the amount forfeited
3G — 9B = 240
9B = --240
G + B = 100
3B = 300
128 = 60
B = 5 and G = 95

19
The number is 27, 2 + 7 = 9, 9 x 3 =27

20
8156 4 3 9 7 81 7524 82 3546
2 396 197

915742 915823 91 i:)244

638 647 836
94 1578 96 1428 96
263 357 438
962148 and 3 69258
537 714

21
I don't know about you, but I would have handed over
5 two paise stamps, 30 one paisa stamps and 7 five
paise stamps.

103
22
There isn't really any mystery, because the explanation
is simple. While the two ways of selling are only
identical, when the number of marbles sold at three for
a paisa and two for a paisa is in the proportion of three
to two. Therefore, if the first woman had handed over
36 marbles and the second woman 24, they would
have fetched 24 paise, immaterial of, whether sold
separately or at five for 2 paise. But if they had the
same number of marbles which led to loss of 1 paisa
when sold together, in every 60 marbles.So, if they had
60 each, there would be a loss of 2 paise and if there
were 90 each (180 altogether) they would lose 3 paise
and so on.
In the case of 60, the missing 1 paisa arises from
the fact that the 3 marbles per paisa woman gains 2
paise and the 2 marbles per paisa woman loses 3 paise.
The first woman receives 9 /2 paise and the second
1

woman 14 /2, so that each loses /2 paise in the trans-

1 1

action.

23
The couple arrived home 10 minutes earlier than
usual. Therefore,the point at which they met must have
been 5 minutes driving time from the station. Thus,the
wife should have been at that point at five minutes to
six. Since the man started to walk at five o'clock, he
must have been walking for 55 minutes when he Met
his wife.

104
24
At each station passengers can get tickets for any of the
other 24 stations and,therefore, the number of tickets
required is 25 x 24 = 600.

25
My aunt's share was Rs. 49200 1

26
We can build concentric hexagons containing 1. 6, 12.
18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 circles. When R /, becomes suffi
ciently large there will be room for extra circles.
If there is an even number of circles per side in last
hexagon, an outsider can be placed centrally, if

1+ 3

R ______________ i.e. if 13.9.

ti
1
-

Two more 'outsiders' can be put each side of this

one,if
(R + r)2 V7 ' 2 )2 + (20 2 + r R

i.e. if 0 R2
14R - 15

10
i.e. if 0 + ) (- 1 3- -1 )

i.e. if 11 ?-• 15.

Therefore,in the given example three outsiders can
be accommodated.
And the number of saucers that can be placed on
the table are:
1 + 6 + 12 + 18 + 24 + 30 + 36 + 42 + (3 x 6) = 187

27
If I walk 26 steps I require 30 seconds.
If I walk 34 steps I require only 18 seconds.
Multiplying 30 by 34 and 26 by 18 we get 1020
and 468.
The difference between 1020 and 468 is 552.
When we divide this number by the difference between
30 and 18, i.e. by 12 we get the answer 46—the
number of steps in the stairway.

28
No It cannot be done.
Each rectangle covers one white square and one
black square, because on a chess board the white and
black squares are always adjacent.
The two squares which we remove from the chess
board are of the same colour, and so the remaining
board has two more boxes of one colour than the
other. And after the rectangles have covered 60 boxes,
there will be left two squares of the same colour.

106
Obviously the remaining rectangle cannot cover these
two squares.

29
Just one look at the number 999919 and we know that
it cannot be a prime number. And if the problem has
to have only one answer, this number can have only
two factors. The factors are 991 and 1009. both of
which are primes.
We know that each cat killed more mice than there
were cats, and,therefore,the correct answer, clearly. is
that 991 cats killed 1009 mice.

30
The forewheel is 8 feet in circumference and the hind
wheel 12 feet.

31
If X is the temperature 4- =X -- 32
(

i.e.= — 32

which gives X = - 40
i.e. —40°C = --40°F.

32
The entire mile was run in nine minutes. Though from
the facts given we cannot determine the time taken
over the first and second quarter-miles separately, we

107
know, however, that together they took four and a half
minutes. And the last two quarters were run in two and
a quarter minutes each.

33
The clock broken in the manner shown in the illustra-
tion below:

The numerals on each of the four parts will sum to

20.

108
34
The painted area as shown in the illustration below:

4'

Though it does not leave the clear area 4' x 4',

however, does measure 4' from top to bottom and
from side to side.

35
We know that there were five droves with an equal
number in each drove, and,therefore,the number must
be divisible by 5. As every one of the eight dealers
bought the same number of animals, the number must
also be divisible by 8. This leads us to the conclusion
that the number must be a multiple of 40.

10
 Now the highest possible multiple of 40 that will
work is 120, and this number could be made up in one
of two ways-1 cow, 23 sheep and 96 pigs or 3 cows,
8 sheep and 109 pigs. But the first does not fit in
because the animals consisted of `Cows, Sheep and
Pigs' and a single 'Cow' is not 'Cows'. Therefore,the
second possibility is the correct answer.

36
8
/7th of Rs. 35 equals Rs. 40, the regular selling price of
-

the first frock and /6th of Rs. 30 equals Rs. 35, the
7

regular selling price of the second frock. Now, if the

first frock usually sells for Rs. 40 and is sold for Rs. 35
on the reduced price, then I save Rs. 5. This gives me
a gain on the cost the percentage of /35 which equals
5

1
/7 and that is a little more than 14.28.
The second frock usually sells for Rs. 35, which on
the reduced price costs me Rs. 30. Again I save Rs. 5
which equals /30 or /6 that amounts to, in percentage, a
5 1

gain of little more than 16.66. The difference between

the first frock and the second in terms of percentage
gained is a little more- than 2.38. Hence, the second
frock is a better buy.

37
The key to the solution is that with a little bit of pencil
work, it will be found, while I can walk 5 miles, my
friend who started from Tumkur can walk 7 miles. Let's
assume the distance between Bangalore and Turnkur
is 24 miles, then the point of meeting wauld be 14

11
miles from Bangalore. and, therefore, I walked 3
miles per hour while my friend walked 4 ,/ , miles per
4 ,

hour, and we both arrived exactly at 7 P.M

38
Let's assume that the man and the train normally meet
at the crossing at 8 A.M., then the usual time of the
cyclist at the bend is 8 A.M. and he is 6 miles behind
at 7.30 A.M. But when the cyclist is late, he arrives at
the bend at 8.25 A.M. and therefore he is six miles
behind at 7.55 A.M. Since the train takes 5 minutes to
travel the six mile run, the speed of the train is 72
m.p.h.

39
The woman made altogether Rs. 20. She made Rs 10
when she sold the item for the first time and another
Rs. 10 when she sold it for the second time

40
The number is 84.

41
The manufacturer must take one flywheel made by
each machine, find their total weight and compare this
with the weight of the equivalent number of good
flywheels to obtain the difference. Then,he must take
1 flywheel from machine number one, 2 flywheels

11
from machine number two and so forth, and weigh
these against the correct weight for that number of
parts.

42
While the first was the example given, the top row must
be one of the four following numbers: 192, 219. 273
or 327.

43

44
The merchant must mix 70 Kilos of the Rs. 32 coffee
with 30 Kilos of Rs. 40 coffee.

11
45
I must have had Rs. 42 in my purse when I started

46
4, 5 and 6

47
If the sari cost Rs. 100 and the blouse Rs I() the
difference would be Rs. 90. and.therefore.the HRH
cost more and the blouse less. A little thought ihdi( ate-
the sari costs Rs. 105 and the blouse Rs So. the
difference in cost is Rs. 100

48
The date on which I met the boy was 1st January 1977,
and the boys birthday was on 31st December, 1965
The boy was 11 years old on the day I met him

49
The whole block weighs 3 lbs.

50
They had Rs. 22781.25.

113
 51
Let's assume that the age of the ship at present is X
years and of the boiler Y years.
Then
The ship Xis twice as old as its boiler (Y — X) was when
the ship was (x:X) as old as the boiler is now.
.•. X = 2 (Y — X) and (x X) = 2.
Eliminating X gives 4Y = 3x.
Also. x + Y = 30
Y (the boiler) 4' years.
9

and X (the ship)

— '?"years.

52
The following would be the procedure in chart form:
19 Ounces 13 Ounces 7 Ounces
0 13 7
Step 1 7 13 0
Step 2 19 1 0
Step 3 12 1 7
Step 4 12 8 0
Step 5 5 8 7
Step 6 5 13 2
Step 7 18 0 2
Step 8 18 2 0
Step 9 11 2 7
Step 10 11 9 0
Step 11 4 9 7
Step 12 4 13 3
Step 13 17 0 3

11
 / 9 Ounces 13 Ounces 7 Ounces
Step 14 17
Step 15 10 7

53
Just myself! Only I was going to the market and I met
all the others coming from the opposite direction

54
The fraction is — 7
13

55
They will never step out with right foot together .

56
Mammu should take out 3 socks from the drawer
because if she takes out only 2 then. both could be
of different colours However the third selection would
result in a pair of white or brown socks

57
As Rekha's share falls in through her death, the farm
has now to be divided only between Rashrm and Mala.
in the proportion of one-third to one-fourth that is in
the proportion of four-twelfths to three Therefore.
Rashmi gets four-sevenths of the hundred acres and
Mala three-sevenths
115
58
Ten applicants had neither mathematics nor literature
training. So,we can now concentrate on the remaining
90 applicants. Of the 90, twenty had got no mathema-
tics training and eight had got no literary training.
That leaves us with a remainder of 62 who have
had training in both literature and mathematics.

59
The man must have lost. And the longer he went on
the more he would lose—with simple calculations. we
can draw this. conclusion:
In two tosses he was left with three quarters of his
money.
In six tosses with twenty-seven sixty-fourths of his
money, and so on.
Immaterial of the order of the wins and losses, he
loses money, so long as their number is in the end
equal.

60
28 is the answer.
The method of working out this problem is to
reverse the whole process multiplying 2 by 10, de-
ducting 8. squaring the result and so on.

61
V402 + 92 ft = \/1600 + 81 ft = V 1681 ft
= 41 feet.
116
62
There were sixty eyes, so there must have been thirty
animals. Now the question is what combination of
four-legged pigs and two-legged ducks adding to.thirty
will give 86 feet. With some pencil work, we get the
answer 13 pigs and 17 ducks

63
If 65 minutes be counted on the face of the same watch
then the problem would be impossible, because the
hands must coincide every 65 /ii minutes as sho wn
5

by its face—and it hardly matters whether it runs fast

or slow. However. if it is measured by actual time. it
gains / 1 i of ,a minute in 65 minutes or
5
of a
6()

minute per hour.

64
The simplest way is to find those numbers between 50
and 100, which are multiples of 2 and 3 leaving no
remainder. These numbers are 54. 60, 66. 72. 78. 84.
90 and 96. By scrutiny we find that if 78 is divided by
5 it will give 15 plus 3 left over. Therefore, 78 is the
total number of eggs Rasool had in his basket. before
the accident. And,therefore,he was paid Rs. 39 by the
gentleman.

65
The value per sheep was Rs. 30.

117
66
The trains travel at 25 miles per hour. Therefore,they
will meet after travelling for one hour and the falcon
also must have been flying for one hour. Since it
travels at 100 miles per hour, the bird must have flown
100 miles.

67
At a raise of Rs. 300 per year:
1st year Rs. 1000 Rs. 1000 = Rs. 2000
2nd year Rs. 1150 + Rs. 1150 = Rs. 2300
3rd year Rs. 1300 + Rs. 1300 = Rs. 2600
4th year Rs. 1450 + Rs. 1450 = Rs. 2900
At a raise of Rs. 100 each half year
1st year Rs. 1000 + Rs. 1100 = Rs. 2100
2nd year Rs. 1200 + Rs. 1300 = Rs. 2500
3rd year Rs. 1400 + Rs. 1500 = Rs. 2900
4th year Rs. 1600 ± Rs. 1700 = Rs. 3300
Obviously the second proposition is much more
lucrative.

68
Mammu had 5 marbles and Nawal 7

69
The ages must be as follows:
Mrs. Sareen 39
Sudha 21
Seema 18

11
Reema 18
119
Sonny 12
(Eishu 9
It is obvious that Seema and Reema are twins.

70
Since 437 contains the percentage of all apartments
including the number of 4's and total of these percen
tage is 244. the number of 4's must be represented
by 100% as the base. In order to find the base of 100%
representing the number of 4's, we have to divide 437
by 244%, which gives us 179 0984.Thus,we can work
out a table showing the number of each type apart-
ment, which should look as follows
Type of Number of Rounded out to
Apartment Apartments the nearest figure
2 8.9549 9
12.5369 13
32,s 26.8647 27
3,;'s 35.8197 36
4`,"s 179.0984 179
4,1s 87.7582 88
59.1024 59
51,s 21.4918 21
6,s 5.3729 5
Total 436 9799 437
71
There are only 5 numbers that can be read upside
down-0. 1. 6. 8 and 9. Now we only have to arrange
these numbers so that when turned upside down the
result will be larger by 78633. With some experiment
we will find that the number is 10968 which is 89601.
inverted.

72
He sold one for Rs. 600 losing 20% on the transaction.
So,he must have paid Rs. 750 for that lathe and since
he made 20"/0 profit on the other machine he must
have bought it for Rs. 500. Therefore,his total loss is of
Rs. 50.

73
In the first three pickings you may get 1 of each colour,
on the 4th pick there will be at least two of one colour.
Therefore ,the answer is 4.

74
A brick weighed 3 lbs. Therefore, 16 bricks weighed
48 lbs and 11 bricks 33 lbs. Multiplying 48 by 33 and
taking the square root we get 39.79. The girl's weight
must have been about 39.79 lbs.

75
As the difference between twice the number and half

120
of it amounts to 45. or half of the number pigs the
whole of its represented by 1 adds uri to 45
+ 1 = I +.1 = 3 = 4 5
Now we have to find what number p, equal of
45, To do this we invert to and multiply by 45
This gives us
' x 45 - 30
3
Therefore.30 is the number.

76
Eleven minutes. The twelfth piece does not require
sawing.

77
The train schedule must have been in the following
manner:
Churchgate train into the station at 1.00 P.M.
And Bandra train at 1.01 P.M.
Churchgate train into the station at 1 10 P M.
And Bandra train at 1.11 P.M.
Churchgate train into the station at 1.20 P.M.
And Bandra train at 1.21 P.M
and so on and so forth.
This way each train would be arriving every ten
minutes but his chances of getting the Churchgate train
would be 9 times as great as of getting the Bandra train,
because if he arrives in the station between 1.20 P.M.
and 1.21 P.M. he goes on the Bandra train but if he
arrives between 1.21 P.M. and 1.30 P.M. he goes to
Churchgate.

121
78
14 and 20.

79
The writers spent Rs. 350, the doctors also spent Rs.
350, the dentists spent Rs. 420 and the bank
employees spent Rs. 210. Thus,they spent altogether
Rs. 1330. The five writers spent as much as four
doctors, twelve doctors spent as much as nine dentists,
and six dentists as much as eight bank employees.

80
I must have entered the store with Rs. 99.98 in my
purse.

81
Let's assume P is a coin that's known to be imperfect.
The solution to this problem runs as follows:
120
1st weighing ... 40
40 40
13
13
2nd weighing ... 4+P
13
3rd weighing ... 4
+ 5

1
1+P
4th weighing 2 1
And in the fifth and the last weighing we determine
the actual faulty coin.
12
82
The container would be half full on the 9th day. Since
the number of bacteria doubles each day. the container
should be half full on the day before it became full

83
The number is 120.

84
A simple general solution to this problem would be as
follows:
Let's assume there are n number of players Then
the amount held by every player at the- end will be
m (2"), and the last winner must have held at the start
m (n + 1), the next m (2n + 1), the next m (4n -t 1) and so
on to the first player, who must have held m (2' in 1)
Therefore, in this case. n — 7
And the amount held by even. player at the end
,

was 2 quarter of a rupee pieces

7

Therefore,m = 1
Govind started with 8 quarter of a rupee pieces or
Rs 2
Fakhruddin started with 15 quarter of a rupee
pieces or Rs 3 75.
Edward started with 29 quarter of a rupee pieces
or Rs 7 25
Dev started with 57 quarter of a rupee pieces
or Rs 14.25 .

Chunder started with 113 quarter of a rupee pieces

or Rs. 28.25

123
 Binoy started with 225 quarter of a rupee pieces
or Rs. 56.25.
Arun started with 449 quarter of a rupee pieces
or Rs. 112.25.

85
Ram Rakhan worked for 16 /3 days and idled 13 /3
2 1

days.
His salary at Rs. 240 per 30 day month works out
to Rs. 8 a day. At Rs. 8 a day, working 16 /3 days he
2

earned Rs. 133.33 and idling 13 /3 days he lost also

1

Rs. 133.33. Therefore neither owed the other any-

thing.

86
The person who moves when there are 5 matchsticks
will lose the game, because if you remove one match-
stick the other person will take the remaining 4, and if
that person takes two then you will take the remaining
3. so on and so forth. Therefore, the person who
moves when there are 10 or 15 matchsticks will lose.
The only correct way to make the first move is to
take away 2 matchsticks and reduce the pile to 15,
then no matter what your opponent does on his move,
you reduce the pile to 10, then to 5 and lastly you take
the remaining matchsticks.

87
First I was offered 16 guavas for Rs. 1.20. That would

124
have been at the rate of 90 paise a dozen The two
extra guavas gave me 18 for Rs. 1.20, which is at the
rate of eighty paise a dozen, which anicy.ints to 'en
paise a dozen less than the original price settled.

88
Shepherd Gopal had one sheep only .

89
The ratio of the father and son's age is now 4 to 1. and
30 years from now it will be 2 to 1. The period of thirty
years equals the difference of the two ratios or 2 to 1
Therefore,30 x 2 = 60, the fath er's age and ' 30
15, the son's age.

90

91
I had one 50 paise coin, one 25 paise coin and tour 10
paise coins.

12
92
Let's consider the year 1948. Fortyeight has the following
factors:
24 and 2 i.e. 24th of February
4 and 12 i.e. 4th of December
12 and 4 i.e. 12th of April
16 and 3 i.e. 116th of March
6 and 8 i.e. 6th of August or
8 and 6 i.e. 8th of June
and giving six dates. The years 36, 48, 60 and 72 each
give six dates whereas the maximum number of such
dates is given by the year 24—seven occasions.

93
The bucket full of half sovereign gold pieces are worth
more since the denominations of the gold pieces make
no difference. What is most important here is the
bucket containing half sovereign gold pieces is full of
gold whereas the other one is only half full.

94
Double the product of the two distances from the wall
and you get 144, which is the square of 12. The sum
of the two distances is 17, and when we add these two
numbers, 12 and 17 together and also subtract one
from the other, we get two answers 29 and 5 as the
radius. or half- diameter of the table. Naturally the
diameter should be 58" or 10". However, a table of the
latter dimensions cannot be a 'large circular table' and
therefore-,the table must be 58" in diameter.

126
9

12
96
Let's assume Xis one of the numbers and Y the other. --
Then,
X2 - Y = 51 (i)
2

X - Y - 3 (ii)
Divide (i) & (ii)
X + Y = 17 (iii)
Add (ii) & (iii)
2X - 20
X = 10
Y=7

12
98
Since the squirrel climbs 5 ft. in ascending 4 ft of the
pole, he travels 20 ft. in climbing 16 ft.

99
The man's rate of speed is 4 miles an hour to the
woman's 3 miles and,therefore,their total rate is 7 miles
an hour. Since they are 63 miles apart their can cover
an average of 9 miles in one hour. Therefore,
9 x 4 = 36 miles travelled by the man and 9 3 27
miles the distance travelled by the woman

100
The three men shared the beer equally and o each
drank the contents of 2 [i bottles. Therefore. the man
2

129
who had bought 5 bottles contributed 2'/3 bottles
and the man who had paid for 3 bottles
contributed'/3 of the bottle, to make up the third
man's share.
The first man's contribution is 7 times that of
the second and,therefore,he gets Rs. 7 and the
latter Re. 1.

101
The woman's age is 45 years and her husband's
54.

102
When the trains are moving in opposite
directions, they are passing each other with the
combined speeds of the two trains. Hence ,
when going in the same direction, the 'passing
speed' is the speed of the passenger speed minus
the speed of the goods train.
If the passenger train goes twice as fast as the
goods train, then the passing speed when going
in the opposite directions will be 2 plus 1 or 3
compared with 2 minus 1 or 1 when the trains
are going in the same direction.
Therefore, the answer is twice as fast.

13
 103

104
One of the answers is that there were 5 old persons, 25
young persons and 70 children.

105
33+ 3 -+ /3.
3

106
There were 72 bees.

13
107
12 cows grazing once = 24 cows grazing twice
9 Mules = 13 '/2 cows
Divide 500 in ratio
24 : 13'/2
First man paid Rs. 180 and second man Rs. 320.

108
The candles must have burnt for three hours and three
quarters as one candle had one-sixteenth of its total
length left and the other four-sixteenths.

109
200 feet
.

132
 110

111
The crew can row IR of the distance per minute on still
water and the stream does half that distance per mi
nute
The difference and sum of these two fractions are
7
/ooand ' /6o. Hence, rowing against the stream would
7

take /i7 minutes and with the strearn('' /17 minutes

6() )

The correct answer is 3 /17 minutes.

9

133
112
The mixture of spirits of wine and water is in the
proportion of 40 to 1, just as in the other bottle it was
in the proportion of 1 to 40.

113
For the train to pass completely through the tunnel, it
has to travel 2 miles. After 1 mile, the train would be
completely in the tunnel, and after another mile it
would be completely out, and since the train is travell-
ing at 1 mile a minute, it will take 2 minutes to pass
through the tunnel.
114
Since it takes the horse and the cow 40 days, in 1 day
Iho of the pasture would be eaten, since it takes the
horse and the sheep 60 days, in 1 day /6o would be
1

grazed, since it takes the cow and the sheep 90 days,

in 1 day /90 of the pasture would be devoured.
1

_ + + _ - 19
40 60 90 360
19
equals what 2 horses, 2 cows and 2 sheep eat in a
/360
day and
19 2 _ 19
360 720
19
/720 equals what 1 horse, 1 cow and 1 sheep eat in 1
day.
As it takes to eat /720 of the contents of the pasture
1

',km will require 19th part of 1 day or /720 or the 720

Whole of the contents of the pasture will require 720

times as many days.

134
 or 37 - 17

19
.-.19: :: 720: 37 - 17

115
Their ages were respectively 58 and 28.

116
When the car travels one mile each of 4 tyres sustain
one mile's use.
Therefore, when a car has travelled 20,000 miles,
a total of 80,000 tire miles has been used.
Since this mileage has been gathered on 5 tires,
each tire must have been used for 16,000 miles.

117
Divide the figure up into 12 equal triangles. as shown

in the sketch and follow the direction of the cuts as

indicated by the heavy lines.

135
118
444+444+44+44+4+4+4+4+4+4

119
10 — 6 = 100 — 36 = 64 = 4
2 2 3

10 — 6 = 1000 — 216 = 784 = 28

3 3 2

120
18 Paise.

121
Let's call the men A BCD and their wives E F G H.
They must play in such a way that no person ever plays
twice with or against another person.
First Court Second Court
1st day ADagainst BF CE against DF
2nd day AH against CF DE against BH
3rd day AF against DG BE against CH
In this way no man ever plays with or against his
owniwife.

122
It is obvious that the seller of the typewriter follows the
rule to reduce three-eighths of the price at every
reduction, and,theref ore, after the consistent reduction,
the typewriter should be next offered for Rs. 156.25.

13
123
Pineapples cost Rs. 1 . 7 5 a p i e c e a n d l a c k f r u i t s
Rs. 2.25.

124
There is only one cheapest method and that is to open
the 4 links of one section and then use these links to
join the other 4 sections together, which should cost
altogether Rs. 8.

125
The sides of the three boards measure 31 inches. 41
inches and 49 inches.

126
Demochares must be sixty years of age

127
The ratio of Reena's age to Seena's must be as 5 to 3
Since the sum of their age is 44, Reena must be
27 /2 and Seena 16 /2.
1 1

128
Only the box in the very centre of the stack will not

137
suffer the strokes of the paint brush, whereas all the
other 26 boxes will have at least one side painted.

129
No, 6 is not the answer! It is not correct, because after
the 6 cigarettes have been smoked there will again be
6 butts which can be made into another cigarette.
The answer is

130
The driver's number was 121.

131
Every time a match is held, one player is eliminated
and to eliminate 29 of the 30 players, 29 matches are
required.

132
The first and the second labourers should each take a
crate with the former carrying his load one mile and
turning it over to the third, who will carry it two miles.
Then the second labourer should carry his crate two
miles and turn it over to the first, who will then carry it-
one mile. Thus, each carries a crate 2 miles.

138
133
The number of bees was 15

134
The following solution in eleven manipulations shows
the contents of every vessel at the start and after every
manipulation:
10 Quart 10 Quart 5 Quart 5 Quart
10 10 0 0
5 10 5 0
5 10 1 4
9 10 1 0
9 6 1 4
9 7 0 4
9 7 4 0
9 3 4 4
9 3 5 3
9 8 0 3
4 8 5 3
4 10 3 3

135
348 miles in 12 days.

139
 136

137
20 triangles.

138
From the Jews abode the Christian and the Turk set
out on a tour round the world, the Christian going due
east and the Turk due west. This way the Christian
gains a day and the Turk loses a day. So that when they
meet again at thehouse of the Jew their reckoning will
agree with his and all three may keep their Sabbath on
the same day.

139
The canvas must be 10 inches in width and 20 inches

140
in height and the picture itself 6 inches wide and 12
inches high.

140
With some trial one will find 987652413 as the highest
possible number containing 9 of the 10 digits that is
divisible by 11, without a remainder

141
Half the sum of the side is 29 and from this we deduct
the sides in turn, which gives us 9, 13, 17. 19, which
when multiplied together make 37791. The square
root of this number is 194.4.
194.4 square rods will be the answer

142
30 squares.

143
He bought at least 1 mule, 1 ox, 2 goats and 1 pig.
Other answers are possible.

144
The numbers of the houses on each side will add up
alike if the number of the house be 1 and there are no
other houses, and if the number be 6 with 8 houses in

14
all, if 35 with 49 houses, if 204 with 288 houses, if 1189
with 1681 houses and so on. But we know that there
are more than 50 and less than 500 houses, and so we
are limited to a single case.
The number of the house must be 204.
145
Assuming only 4 mangoes remained in the morning,
this would mean that the third boy must have found 7
mangoes left when he woke up during night. But 7 is
not /3 of a whole number, so this is impossible.
2

The next passibility is 7 mangoes left in the morning,

which is again impossible.
Now the next possibility is 10, which is /3 of 15.
2

This means that the third boy found 16 mangoes, took

one and then took 5 more. The second boy then must
have found 25 mangoes, taken one and then taken 8
more. But 25 is not /3 of a whole number and
2

therefore, the assumption that 10 mangoes remained in

the morning is absurd.
By similar reasoning the numbers 13, 16 and 19
can be eliminated, but 22 will be found to meet the
required conditions.
The third boy found 34, took one and left /3 of 33
2

or 22, the second boy found 52, took one and left /3 of 2

51 or 34, the first boy found 79 took 1 and left /3 of 2

78 or 52.
The answer is the boys stole altogether 79 man-
goes.

142
146
25 paise + 50 paise + 100 paise = 175 paise
and Rs. 700 = 70,000 paise
70,000 — 400
175
400 is the number for each denomination.

147
It cannot be done in less than six cuts, because
the cube which is formed in the middle of the
original cube has no exposed surface.
Since a cube has 6 sides, the saw must create
this cube by 6 passes of the saw, no matter how
the slices are rearranged.

148
One train was running just twice as fast as the other

149
Besides several other answers, the smallest
numbers that satisfies the conditions are:
a = 10430, b = 3970, c — 2114, d - 386
a + b = 10430 + 3970 = 14400 = 120'
a + c = 10430 + 2114 = 12544 112;
a + d = 10430 + 386 = 10816 - 104'
b+c= 3970 + 2114 = 6084 78;'
b+d= 3970 + 386 = 4356 = 66=
c + d = 2 1 1 4 + 386 -- 2500 - 50/

143
a +b+ c +d= 10430 + 3970 + 2114 + 386
= 16900 = 130 2

150
45 years.

14