Lesson Sample

Yellow Level -- Grade 5

The lesson samples within are written for users of Microsoft Office 97 and
2000. Versions for AppleWorks 5.0 and 6 follow the same format and
learning guidelines, altering only the technology steps.

Electronic templates for each lesson may be used in the classroom for the
purpose of testing the curriculum. Visit the Switched On Language Arts
Web site to download the templates and lesson samples.

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Lesson Samples

Teacher s Guide
Yellow Level (Grade 5), Lesson 03:
Recognizing the Four Sentence Types

Integrated Technology
Language Arts Skills Critical Thinking Skills
Skills
& Distinguish between & Replace existing text & Comprehend new and
sentence types with original text developmentally
& Recognize correct & Select and format text appropriate sentence
punctuation and & Locate and insert clipart structures
sentence structure & Use Publisher Design & Clarify the purpose and
& Use specific sentence Gallery objects to create meaning of sentence
types to convey text and graphic layouts structures
meaning & Synthesize information
& Understand how and present it to an
sentence type can affect audience
meaning and heighten
reader interest

Switched On
Software Templates and Samples
Complementary Units
Microsoft Publisher Yellow Template 03 Yellow Lesson 06
98/2000 Yellow Sample 03
Microsoft Word 97/2000

Time Required:
2-3 class periods/sessions at computer
1 student homework/self-paced assignment

Introduction:
Mastery of the four types of sentences is important for effective communication.
As students learn to recognize the variations between the sentence types, they begin to
acquire the tools necessary to develop persuasive writing and speaking. The
advertisement that they create in the lesson s template will further this understanding of
argumentative language and the ways in which declarative, interrogative, imperative, and
exclamatory sentences can be used to persuade a reader.

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Project Description:
In this lesson, students will gain an understanding of the four sentence types by:
tracking examples of the four sentence types in real-world texts;
using the four sentence types to create a persuasive advertisement in Microsoft
Publisher;
enhancing and amplifying the advertisement text using formatting and design.

See Yellow Sample 03 in your SOLA samples

folder.

Preparing the Teacher:

To illustrate the ways in which the four sentence types are used, you may wish to
present examples of print advertisements found in magazines. Before the class meets,
gather several magazines and choose sample advertisements. Similarly, you may wish to
draw upon common ad slogans in the media, slogans that students will likely recognize.
Write sentences from the advertisements on the board, choosing examples that represent
all four sentences types. Ask students to define the purpose of each sentence both what
it says and what it tells the reader. Students will follow this process in their workbooks as
they complete the lesson s Thinking Ahead assignment.

Preparing Students: Distinguishing the Four Sentence Types

Share the following with your students to prepare them for the lesson:

There are four types of sentences: declarative, exclamatory, interrogative, and

imperative.

Declarative sentences are by far the most common types of sentences. They are
statements, or declarations, of fact or opinion. For example, The sky is blue is a
declarative sentence. Sky is the subject and is is the verb. A declarative
sentence must end with a period and does not directly address or require an
answer from another person.

Sometimes statements are made with very strong emotions, such as anger or
surprise. Such forceful statements are examples of the second type of sentence,
the exclamatory sentence. An exclamatory sentence expresses the intense
feelings of the person making the statement and ends with an exclamation point.
A person might exclaim, What a beautiful sunset! Like the declarative sentence,
the exclamatory sentence does not directly address another person.

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The third type of sentence, the interrogative sentence, is used to directly address
another person and requires the person addressed to supply an answer.
Interrogative sentences are questions and they end with a question mark. In
addition, writers and speakers will sometimes ask questions to engage the reader
by making the reader pause and think about an answer. Also, writers and speakers
sometimes ask questions that they do not expect anyone to answer, usually
because they have obvious answers. Such questions are called rhetorical. For
example, someone might ask, Does money grow on trees? No one expects the
obvious answer, No, of course not; the question is asked to make a point about
behaving extravagantly.

The fourth sentence type can be used to demand an action from someone. This
type, the imperative sentence, is a direct command that may end with a period or
an exclamation point. For example, Clean your room! is an imperative sentence.
Imperative sentences are unusual, because unlike the other sentence types, the
actual subject of the sentence is not necessarily included. In the example above,
the verb of the sentence is clean and the subject of the sentence is you, or the
person to whom the sentence is addressed. The sentence could also be written as
You clean your room! Because we know that the word you is the subject of all
imperative sentences, it is usually not included in the sentence and is called an
understood subject.

Preparing Students: Advertising

The following may be presented to the class to prepare them for creating a mock
advertisement in the lesson:

Writers use the four sentence types to convey meaning and to engage our
attention. Of all writers, perhaps those who have the most difficult task in
capturing our interest with the smallest number of words are advertising copy
writers.

Advertisers often use exclamatory sentences to indicate how exciting and

revolutionary a product or company is. Acme Products are the best!

They also use interrogative sentences to ask the reader whether he or she has a
particular problem or concern. For example, an advertiser might ask, Have you
ever paid too much for a car? or Are you having a bad hair day? Using a
declarative or exclamatory sentence, the advertiser can then assure the reader that
a particular product or company offers the solution to the reader s problem.

Advertisers also use imperative sentences to try to get the reader to buy a product.
Imperative sentences such as Call now! or Buy today! create a sense of urgency
that may make some readers act quickly upon the information in the
advertisement.

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Variations for the Classroom:

Collaborative Group Project:
In groups of 2 or 3, students can form their own companies, complete with a
product or service that they have created to sell. They must use their knowledge of the
four sentence types to create a successful advertisement that will convince the public to
buy their new product. Using the sample ads and the lesson sample, the groups should
use the Thinking Ahead worksheet to brainstorm sentences in each of the 4 sentence
types that will help them advertise their company and product. The groups may define the
purpose of each sentence in the Thinking Ahead worksheet. Once they have completed
their brainstorming, have the group members open the template for this lesson and create
their own company advertisements.
To extend the activity, each member may then write a paragraph that describes the
purpose of the group s advertisement and how its sentences will convince readers to buy
the group s product or service.

Limited Computer Access:

If computer access is limited, use a demonstration computer to illustrate the four
sentence types in the lesson sample (Yellow Sample 03). Then have the class create a
shared advertisement, filling in the four sentence types, in the lesson template (Yellow
Template 03). Finally, hand out printed copies of the template and the sample for this
lesson. Have students create their sample advertisements on paper, using the printed
template as a guide. Students may then present their advertisements to the class,
explaining how each uses the four sentence types to convince an audience.

ELL/ESL Instruction:
With assistance, even students at the beginning level of language fluency will be
able to write simple sentences. All students will be familiar with advertisements through
magazines, billboards, or television. Following are some suggestions for making this
lesson more accessible to your ELL/ESL students.

Beginning: You may want your beginning level students to complete this
activity as a group. After ensuring that they understand the four sentence types,
have the students complete the Thinking Ahead activity with you or a peer tutor.
As a class, decide on a product for an advertisement and fill out the template
together.

Early Intermediate through Advanced: Students at the early

intermediate or advanced levels should be able to complete this activity
independently with varying levels of sophistication. You may choose to have
early intermediate level students work in pairs.

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Supplemental Assessment and Activities:

a. Language Arts Performance Assessment:
Have the students create a Word document to write a persuasive letter to a friend. The
letter may attempt to convince a good friend to share in an event, for example, to spend
Saturday hiking in the mountains instead of watching tv. The letter should include each
of the four sentence types. Instruct the students to change the font color of each sentence
to indicate the sentence type. Color the text of each sentence accordingly:

Declarative: blue
Exclamatory: green
Imperative: red
Interrogative: orange

b. Enrichment Activities to Extend the Assignment:

Have the students write a brochure or newsletter, using templates provided in
Microsoft Publisher, that describes more fully the product or service that they have
advertised. The brochure or newsletter may include the advertisement created in the
lesson. This document should be detailed and descriptive, and it should demonstrate use
of each of the four sentence types.

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Yellow Level, Lesson 03: Recognizing the Four Sentence Types

Performance Review

Student Name: ________________________ Date: ________________________

Teacher: _____________________________ Level/Grade: __________________

Skills Need Mastered Superior

Performance Criteria Unsatisfactory Satisfactory
Practice Skills Ability
Language Skills:
Distinguish between
sentence types
Recognize correct
punctuation and sentence
structure
Use specific sentence
types to convey meaning
Understand how sentence
type can affect meaning
and heighten reader
interest
Integrated Technology
Skills:
Replace existing text with
original text
Select and format text
Locate and insert clipart
Use Publisher Design
Gallery objects to create
text and graphic layouts
Critical Thinking Skills:
Comprehend new and
developmentally
appropriate sentence
structures
Clarify the purpose and
meaning of sentence
structures
Synthesize information
and present it to an
audience

Comments:

Student Workbook
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Yellow Level, Lesson 03:

Recognizing the Four Sentence Types
Thinking Ahead:
Locate at least two magazines or newspapers and read the
advertisements in them, paying attention to how the four sentence types are
used. Find three examples of each sentence type and write the examples in
the worksheets. Briefly describe the purpose of each sentence. Keep the
advertisements that you used (or photocopies of them) with the worksheet.

Examples of Declarative Sentences:

Example Sentence Purpose of Sentence

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Examples of Interrogative Sentences:

Example Sentence Purpose of Sentence

Examples of Imperative Sentences:

Example Sentence Purpose of Sentence

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Examples of Exclamatory Sentences:

Example Sentence Purpose of Sentence

See Yellow Sample 03 in your SOLA

samples folder.

Class Computer
Assignment:

Review the
lesson template:
Step 1. Find YELLOW T EMPLATE 03 in your computer s Switched On
folder. Double-click on the template icon to open it.

Step 2. You may notice an error message indicating that the printer
selected for the template is not installed on your computer. If
you do, click OK to close the message.
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Step 3. Review the template, a generic advertisement that can be used

to promote any product or company. The text in the template
indicates where the four sentence types must be used to create
an effective advertisement. As you read the text, think of a
product that you would like to convince people to buy. Your
advertisement, and the product that you sell, can be humorous
or serious, real or imaginary.

Enter your own text into the

advertisement:
Step 4. Select the text Exclamatory sentence in the top-left corner of
the advertisement and highlight it with your mouse. Enter your
sentence, remembering to use the correct punctuation mark.

Step 5. Select the text Interrogative sentence here below the

exclamatory sentence you just entered. Create an interrogative
sentence that asks readers whether they have that problem.
Enter the text and add the correct punctuation.

Step 6. Continue replacing the text in the template with each sentence
type in the spaces provided. Remember to use the correct
punctuation and to consider the purpose for each sentence that
you choose.

Format the advertisement text:

Step 7. Select a sentence and format it, using the Formatting toolbar to
choose color, font, style (bold, italic, or underline), and size.
Format all of the text in your advertisement.

Insert graphics:
Step 8. Double-click the graphics frame containing the slice of pie.
Browse the Publisher Clip Gallery to find an image for your ad.
Insert the new image and close the Insert Clip Art window.

Step 9. Double-click the pyramid logo and create a company logo of

your own.

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Experiment with Design Gallery

objects:
Step 10. Two of the objects in the advertising template are Publisher
Design Gallery objects, which are frames containing text and
graphics arranged in layouts that are designed by Publisher.
The layouts are applied to the frames when the user selects
design options from wizards, or interactive dialog boxes. Click
the first Design Gallery object, the starburst containing your
exclamatory sentence in the top-left corner of the
advertisement.

Step 11. The WIZARD: CLICK TO START button appears at the bottom
of the object s frame. Click the button and select other layouts
to find the best choice for this object. When you have chosen a
layout, close the Attention Getter Creation Wizard window.

Step 12. Click the second Design Gallery object, which contains the
company logo, and select the WIZARD: CLICK TO START button.
Experiment with the options in the Logo Creation Wizard
window. Close the window when you have chosen the layout
for your company name and logo.

Step 13. Save and print your advertisement.

Additional Tools in Publisher:

If you have time, you can enhance the appearance of your
advertisement by replacing your advertisement heading with
WordArt text using the WORDART FRAME tool . You can
also add a background color to the advertisement by switching to
Background View, drawing a rectangle that covers the entire
advertisement, and filling the rectangle with a color. Be certain to
choose a light-shaded color, or change the color of the text so that
it contrasts with the background color.

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