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An Information System

An information system is any combination of information technology and people's activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making. It involves the interaction between people, processes, data and technology. Information systems help control business processes and can be considered work systems that process information to produce products and services. They relate to data systems and activity systems and are a form of communication that supports decision making through processing data as social memory. The key focus of information systems is to securely manage information through storing, protecting, processing, transmitting, inputting, outputting and retrieving data and information.

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161 views

An Information System

An information system is any combination of information technology and people's activities using that technology to support operations, management, and decision-making. It involves the interaction between people, processes, data and technology. Information systems help control business processes and can be considered work systems that process information to produce products and services. They relate to data systems and activity systems and are a form of communication that supports decision making through processing data as social memory. The key focus of information systems is to securely manage information through storing, protecting, processing, transmitting, inputting, outputting and retrieving data and information.

Uploaded by

jhomerzong
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An information system (IS) is any combination of information technology and people's activities using that

technology to support operations, management, and decision-making.[1] In a very broad sense, the term information
system is frequently used to refer to the interaction between people, algorithmic processes, data and technology. In
this sense, the term is used to refer not only to the information and communication technology (ICT) an organization
uses, but also to the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes[2].

Some make a clear distinction between information systems, ICT, and business processes. Information systems are
distinct from information technology in that an information system is typically seen as having an ICT component.
Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance
of business processes [3].

Alter argues for an information system as a special type of work system. A work system is a system in which
humans and/or machines perform work using resources (including ICT) to produce specific products and/or services
for customers. An information system is a work system whose activities are devoted to processing (capturing,
transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating and displaying) information [4].

Part of the difficulty in defining the term information system is due to vagueness in the definition of related terms
such as system and information. Beynon-Davies argues for a clearer terminology based in systemics and semiotics.
He defines an information system as an example of a system concerned with the manipulation of signs. An
information system is a type of socio-technical system. An information system is a mediating construct between
actions and technology [5].

As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An
information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social
memory. An information system can also be considered a semi-formal language which supports human decision
making and action.

Information systems are the primary focus of study for the information systems discipline and for organisational
informatics[6].

Information technology (IT) is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of
computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware", according to the
Information Technology Association of America (ITAA).[1] IT deals with the use of electronic computers and
computer software to securely convert, store, protect, process, transmit, input, output, and retrieve information.

Information Technology – A Definition:

We use the term information technology or IT to refer to an entire industry. In actuality,


information technology is the use of computers and software to manage information. In
some companies, this is referred to as Management Information Services (or MIS) or simply
as Information Services (or IS). The information technology department of a large company
would be responsible for storing information, protecting information, processing the
information, transmitting the information as necessary, and later retrieving information as
necessary.

Transaction Processing Systems

TPS processes business transaction of the organization. Transaction can be any activity of the organization.
Transactions differ from organization to organization. For example, take a railway reservation system. Booking,
canceling, etc are all transactions. Any query made to it is a transaction. However, there are some transactions,
which are common to almost all organizations. Like employee new employee, maintaining their leave status,
maintaining employees accounts, etc.

This provides high speed and accurate processing of record keeping of basic operational processes. These include
calculation, storage and retrieval.

Transaction processing systems provide speed and accuracy, and can be programmed to follow routines functions of
the organization.

Management Information Systems

These systems assist lower management in problem solving and making decisions. They use the results of
transaction processing and some other information also. It is a set of information processing functions. It should
handle queries as quickly as they arrive. An important element of MIS is database .

A database is a non-redundant collection of interrelated data items that can be processed through application
programs and available to many users.

Decision Support Systems

These systems assist higher management to make long term decisions. These type of systems handle unstructured or
semi structured decisions. A decision is considered unstructured if there are no clear procedures for making the
decision and if not all the factors to be considered in the decision can be readily identified in advance.

These are not of recurring nature. Some recur infrequently or occur only once. A decision support system must very
flexible. The user should be able to produce customized reports by giving particular data and format specific to
particular situations.

Catagories of Information System Characteristices


Transaction Processing System Substitutes computer-based processing for manual
procedures.

Deals with well-structured processes. Includes record


keeping applications.

Management information system Provides input to be used in the managerial decision


process. Deals with supporting well structured decision
situations. Typical information requirements can be
anticipated.

Decision support system Provides information to managers who must make


judgements about particular situations. Supports
decision-makers in situations that are not well structured.

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