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Wilfred Bryan A. Labadnoy and Kyle Nicholas P. Lopez
Group 5 2E Medical Technology Organic Chemistry Laboratory

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One vaporization-condensation cycle was used by the group to perform simple distillation to effect a separation. 20
test tubes were calibrated into its .5ml mark to be used as receiver in the experiment. Vodka was put in the pear-
shaped flask and was heated by an alcohol lamp. As the heating goes on, temperature was critically recorded on
every tube will be filled in until it reached its ceiling boiling point. A flammability test was conducted on the 1st
distillate and last distillate to test what are the components of each distillate. Ethanol and water were found out to be
contained in the 1st distillate for it has produced a flame while water was left on the last distillate.



ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc rubber aspirator were used to collect water from
_Alcohols are organic compounds containing (- the beaker. 0.5 ml of water was transferred into
OH) groups. They are useful in nature, industry each test tube and calibrated with the use of a
and inside the household. It has been used as the marker. Next, a micro-distillation set-up was
essence of wine and also found in alcoholic assembled to portray simple distillation. Fifteen
beverages, cosmetics and drug preparations. It is milliliters of Antonov Vodka, was poured into a
used as wood alcohol for fuel and as a solvent. It pear-shaped flask that would undergo simple
is also used as rubbing alcohol specifically distillation. The clamps and iron strands was
Isopropyl alcohol, which used is to cleanse the secured and was put into proper places by the
skin for injections and cuts.c members. Every possible insignificant outlet was
covered by masking tape to avoid irregularities
The process of distillation is concerned to the and deficiencies. The water inlet was opened to let
boiling points of the mixtures being separated. the flow of water occur. Boiling stones were used
Small differences in degrees Celsius can separate to avoid overheating and avert bumping. Since
mixtures. Distillation is used to separate the set-up was properly made, with the use of the
impurities from liquids. Simple distillation is alcohol lamp, the heating of the distillant was
designed to evaporate a volatile liquid from a started. The temperature was recorded as it
solution of non-volatile substances; the vapour is reaches 0.5 ml until the ceiling boiling
then condensed in the water condenser and temperature. Lastly, three drops of the first and
collected in the receiver. last distillate was placed on a watch glass for the
flammability test. A lighted match was used to
In this experiment, the group should be able to
know the flammability of the said distillate.
separate the components of an alcoholic beverage
and (2) calculate and determine the percentage
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ethanol present. Lastly, (3) observe and analyze
%Figure 1.0 shows the structure of a simple
the process of simple distillation as to its efficiency
distillation set-up. In simple distillation, all the
hot vapors produced are immediately channeled
into a condenser that cools and condenses the



vapors. Therefore, the distillate will not be pure -
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its composition will be identical to the composition
Water, Vodka
of the vapors at the given temperature and
c"$" - pressure, and can be computed from Raoult's law.c
_Simple distillation was used as a technique for
As a result, simple distillation is usually used
separation. Before proceeding to the experiment,
only to separate liquids whose boiling points differ
several test tubes were calibrated down to the
greatly (rule of thumb is 25 °C), [13] or to
0.5ml mark and were used as a receiver of the
separate liquids from involatile solids or oils. For
distillate. Afterwards, a serological pipet and a
these cases, the vapor pressures of the
components are usually sufficiently different that 5.c Inadequately clamping the apparatus can
Raoult's law may be neglected due to the be dangerous. Over clamping can be a
insignificant contribution of the less volatile problem, since it causes stress in the
component. In this case, the distillate may be apparatus.
sufficiently pure for its intended purpose.
Computations
Table 1.0 shows an increase in temperature for
every 0.50 ml of collected vapor. As the 1. Percentage of ethanol:
temperature become constant and maintains a
% Alcohol = Vf-Vi x 100
constant slope in the graph, it manifests the
presence of ethanol in the sample where it is most Vs
concentrated. During the flame test, there is a
% Alcohol = 5.0 ± 3.5mL x 100.00 = 10%
presence of alcohol from the 1st test tube when it
produces a blue flame. When there is no flame 15mL
produced, ethanol is not present in the last test
tube. 2. Percentage loss:

%100 = VS ± (Vresidue + Vdistillate) x 100

Figure 1.1 shows the relationship of
temperature to the volume of vapor collected from %100 = VS ± (Vresidue + Vdistillate) x 100
the sample. There is an evident increase in the
temperature as every 0.5 ml distillate was = 15 ± (4.1 +10) x 100
dropped. The highlighted part indicates where the
15
concentration of alcohol from the beverage is
strongest. An azeotrope is a mixture of = 15-14.1 x 100
components in such a ratio that its composition
15
cannot be changed by simple distillation because
the vapor has the same ratio of constituents as = 6% less
the liquid. Because composition is unchanged,
azeotropes are also called constant boiling
 

mixtures.
From books
Table 1.1 shows that first distillate evenly
LeMay, H., Beall, H., Robblee, K., & Brower, D.
produces a blue flame because the initial drop
(1996). Chemistry: Connections to Our Changing
contains ethanol which is highly flammable. The
World. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
last distillate we collected was only pure water
that results into absence of a flame when tested. L. G. Wade, Jr. (2005) Organic Chemistry:6th
This is because the ethanol present was already edition. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
distilled during the early distilling process.
From the internet
Listed below are the following possible sources of
error: 4.1.SimpleDistillation
http://wapedia.mobi/en/Distillation?t=5. 07/15/10
1.c Parallax reading of temperature
Ch E 514 - Intermediate Chemical Engineering
2.c Inaccurate calibrating 0.5 ml test tubes Calculations
chemeng.nmsu.edu/ChE307/notes/Complex%20D
3.c Distillate might have vaporize during the
istillation.pptx 07/15/10
experiment before it was tested to
flammability test. Distillation

4.c Placing the thermometer too high will lead http://www.chemistry.sjsu.edu/straus/FAQ/Techni

to a low value for boiling point. que%20FAQ/DistillationFAQ.htm_07/15/10
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