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    Modal Verbs of Obligation

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    Ray Patriarca
    There are two types of modal verbs that express obligation: must and have to express firm or necessary obligation, while should and ought to express recommended or moral obligation. Must only exists in simple present and present perfect tenses and expresses obligation, necessity, or certainty. Have to can be used in all tenses and includes progressive forms. Gotten is often used with have to in spoken English for the present tense. Must have only expresses strong supposition in the present perfect tense.

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    Modal Verbs of Obligation

    Uploaded by

    Ray Patriarca
    376 views2 pages
    There are two types of modal verbs that express obligation: must and have to express firm or necessary obligation, while should and ought to express recommended or moral obligation. Must only exists in simple present and present perfect tenses and expresses obligation, necessity, or certainty. Have to can be used in all tenses and includes progressive forms. Gotten is often used with have to in spoken English for the present tense. Must have only expresses strong supposition in the present perfect tense.

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    Verbs of Obligation

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    There are two types of modal verbs that express obligation: must and have to express firm or necessary obligation, while should and ought to express recommended or moral obligation. Must only exists in simple present and present perfect tenses and expresses obligation, necessity, or certainty. Have to can be used in all tenses and includes progressive forms. Gotten is often used with have to in spoken English for the present tense. Must have only expresses strong supposition in the present perfect tense.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    376 views2 pages

    Modal Verbs of Obligation

    Uploaded by

    Ray Patriarca
    There are two types of modal verbs that express obligation: must and have to express firm or necessary obligation, while should and ought to express recommended or moral obligation. Must only exists in simple present and present perfect tenses and expresses obligation, necessity, or certainty. Have to can be used in all tenses and includes progressive forms. Gotten is often used with have to in spoken English for the present tense. Must have only expresses strong supposition in the present perfect tense.

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    Modal verbs of obligation :

    must, have to, should and ought to


    There are two types of modal verbs of obligation ;
     those that primarily express a firm obligation or necessity - must and have to
     those that express a recommendation or moral obligation - should andought to

    Firm obligation, etc. - must and have to


    The verb must only exists in the simple present and present perfect forms.
    While the present form can express obligation, necessity, certainty or strong probability, the present
    perfect forms only express a strongly felt opinion or supposition.

    All
    Present Present perfect
    persons

    Affirmative must must have

    Negative must not, mustn't must not have, mustn't have

    If other tenses are required, the speaker or writer must use forms of the synonymous modal verb "have to"
    . This modal auxiliary has all normal tenses, including progressive or continuous forms; these are not
    common, but need to be used in some cases.
    Principal tenses Present Present perfect Past Future
    has to, has had to
    Affirmative: had to will have to
    have to have had to
    does not have
    to, did not have
    will not have
    do not have to has not had to to
    Negative; to
    , have not had to didn't have
    won't have to
    doesn't have to to *
    don't have to
    has been having was having
    am having to
    Progressive or to to will be having
    is having to,
    continuous have been having were having to
    are having to
    to to
    * The form "had not to" is sometimes used, but it is generally considered to be archaic.
    Got to :
    In spoken English, and in the present form only, have to is often substantiated by the word got;
    For example an alternative to I have to is I've got to.
    For more on this, see Get and got

    Examples of must and have to being used to express :


    a. Firm obligation or necessity
    b. Certainty or strong probability.
    c. Must have only : supposition

    a1) You must see a doctor at once !


    a2) I have to be at school tomorrow at 8 a.m. I have an exam !
    a21) I've got to be at school tomorrow at .....
    a3) You mustn't touch that plate, it's too hot.
    a4) I had to see a doctor, because I felt very sick.
    a5) I had to break the window ! I lost my key !
    a6) The manager isn't here, he's had to go to Paris on urgent business.
    a7) Tomorrow the President will have to open Parliament.
    a8) She's having to move because she can't stand the noise.
    a9) I'm having to take out this detonator very slowly, to avoid an explosion.
    a10) Oh you're so kind! You didn't have to do it as well as that !

    b1) He must be over eighty, he was born in 1930.


    b2) If my brother's not in London, he has to be in New York.
    b3) I've got all the right answers, I must be one of the winners !
    b4) If I remember correctly, it has to be here.

    c1) I can't find my laptop, I must have left it in the train.


    c2) If they're out, they mustn't have heard the news.
    Attention !
    Take care to distinguish correctly between "had to" and "must have"
    They had to go to London
    = They were obliged to go to London
    They must have gone to London.
    = In my opinion, they have certainly gone to London.

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