DR/4000

PROCEDURE HARDNESS
Method 8030 Calcium and Magnesium; Calmagite Colorimetric Method
(0 to 4.00 mg/L Ca and Mg as CaCO3)
Scope and Application: For water, wastewater, and seawater. The estimated detection limit for program numbers 2010
and 2020 is 0.03 mg/L CaCO3.

HACH
PROGRAM

HACH PROGRAM: 2020

2 0 2 0 Hardness, Mg

ENTER

1. Press the soft key 2. The display will show: 3. Pour 100 mL of 4. Add 1.0 mL of
under HACH PROGRAM. HACH PROGRAM: sample into a 100-mL Calcium and Magnesium
2020 Hardness, Mg graduated mixing Indicator Solution using a
Select the stored program cylinder. 1.0-mL measuring
for magnesium hardness by The wavelength (λ), dropper. Stopper. Invert
Note: For the most accurate
pressing 2020 with the 522 nm, is automatically magnesium test results the several times to mix.
numeric keys. selected. sample temperature should
Press: ENTER be 21-29 °C (70-84 °F).

Note: If samples cannot be

analyzed immediately, see
Sample Collection, Storage
and Preservationfollowing
these steps. Adjust the pH of
preserved samples before
analysis.
Note: The Flow Cell and
Sipper Modules can be used
for this procedure if rinsed
with deionized water
between samples.

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HARDNESS, continued

5. Add 1.0 mL of Alkali 6. Pour 25 mL of the 7. Add one drop of 1 M 8. Add one drop of
Solution for Calcium and solution into each of three EDTA Solution to one cell EGTA Solution to another
Magnesium Test using a sample cells. (the blank). Swirl to mix. cell (the prepared sample).
1.0-mL measuring Note: The test will detect Swirl to mix.
dropper. Stopper. Invert any calcium or magnesium
several times to mix. contamination in the mixing
cylinder, measuring
droppers or sample cells. To
test cleanliness, repeat the
test multiple times until you
obtain consistent results.

HACH
ZERO PROGRAM

2 0 1 0

ENTER

9. Place the blank into 10. Press the soft key 11. Place the prepared 12. Without removing
the cell holder. Close the under ZERO. sample into the cell the cell, press the
light shield. The display will show: holder. Close the light EXIT key, followed by
shield. Results in mg/L the soft key under
0.00 mg/L CaCO3 magnesium as calcium NEW PROGRAM. At the
Note: For alternate carbonate (or chosen program number prompt,
concentration units, units) will be displayed. select the stored program
press the soft key under This value is the amount number for calcium
OPTIONS. Then press the
of magnesium in the hardness by pressing 2010
soft key under UNITS to scroll
sample expressed as with the numeric keys.
through the available
options. Press ENTER to CaCO3. Press: ENTER
return to the read screen. Note: Results can be
expressed as magnesium
(Mg2+). Press the soft keys
under OPTIONS and then
FORM: to scroll through the
available options.

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 HARDNESS, continued

ZERO
HACH PROGRAM: 2010
Hardness, Ca

13. The display will 14. Press the soft key 15. Place the third sample
show: under ZERO. cell into the cell holder.
HACH PROGRAM: The display will show: Close the light shield.
2010 Hardness, Ca Results in mg/L calcium as
0.00 mg/L CaCO3 calcium carbonate (or
The wavelength (λ), Note: For alternate chosen units) will be
522 nm, is automatically concentration units, displayed. The result is the
selected. press the soft key under amount of calcium in the
OPTIONS. Then press the
sample expressed as
soft key under UNITS to scroll
CaCO3.
through the available
options. Press ENTER to Note: Result can be
return to the read screen. expressed as calcium (Ca).
Press the soft keys under
OPTIONS and then FORM: to
scroll through the available
options. Press ENTER to
return to the read screen.
Note: mg/L hardness equals
mg/L Ca as CaCO3 plus
mg/L Mg as CaCO3.

Interferences
Table 1 Interfering Substances and Suggested Treatments
Interfering Substance Interference Levels and Treatments
Chromium (3+) Above 0.25 mg/L
Copper (2+) Above 0.75 mg/L
EDTA, chelated Above 0.2 mg/L as CaCO3
EDTA or EGTA Traces remaining in sample cells from previous tests will give erroneous results. Rinse cells
thoroughly before using.
Iron (2+) Above 1.4 mg/L
Iron (3+) Above 2.0 mg/L
Manganese (2+) Above 0.20 mg/L
Zinc (2+) Above 0.050 mg/L
Calcium >1.0 mg/L; For the most accurate calcium test result, rerun the test on a diluted sample if the calcium is
Mg >0.25 mg/L over 1.0 and the magnesium is over 0.25 mg/L as CaCO3. No retesting is needed if either is
below those respective concentrations.

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HARDNESS, continued

Sample Collection, Storage and Preservation

Collect samples in acid-washed plastic bottles. Adjust the sample pH to 2 or less
with nitric acid (about 5 mL per liter). Cool samples to 4 °C. Preserved samples
can be stored up to six months. Before analysis, adjust the sample pH to between
3 and 8 with 5.0 N Sodium Hydroxide Standard Solution. Correct the test results
for volume additions; see Section 1.2.2 Correcting for Volume Additions.

Method Performance
Precision
Standard: 1.50 mg/L as CaCO3

Program 95% Confidence Limits

2010 1.45–1.55 mg/L as CaCO3
2020 1.47–1.53 mg/L as CaCO3

For more information on determining precision data and method detection limits,
refer to Section 1.5.

Estimated Detection Limit

Program EDL
2010 0.03 mg/L as CaCO3
2020 0.03 mg/L as CaCO3

For more information on derivation and use of Hach’s estimated detection limit,
see Section 1.5.2. To determine a method detection limit (MDL) as defined by the
40 CFR part 136, Appendix B, see Section 1.5.1.

Sensitivity
Program Number: 2010

Portion of Curve ∆Abs ∆Concentration

0.010 Abs 0.010 0.054 mg/L as CaCO3
2 mg/L 0.010 0.054 mg/L as CaCO3
3.6 mg/L 0.010 0.079 mg/L as CaCO3

Program Number: 2020

Portion of Curve ∆Abs ∆Concentration

0.010 Abs 0.010 0.029 mg/L as CaCO3
2 mg/L 0.010 0.032 mg/L as CaCO3
3.6 mg/L 0.010 0.049 mg/L as CaCO3

See Section 1.5.3 Sensitivity Explained for more information.

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 HARDNESS, continued

Calibration Standard Preparation

To perform a hardness calibration using the Calmagite Colorimetric method,
prepare calibration standards containing 0.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 mg/L Ca
as CaCO3 as follows:
a. Into six different 100-mL Class A volumetric flasks, pipet 1.00, 4.00, 5.00,
6.00, 7.00, and 8.00 mL of a 50-mg/L Calcium Chloride Standard Solution
as CaCO3 (Cat. No. 21277-16) using Class A glassware.
b. Dilute to the mark with deionized water. Mix well.
Also prepare calibration standards containing 0.41, 1.65, 2.06, 2.47, 2.88 and
3.30 mg/L Mg as CaCO3 as follows:
a. Into a 100-mL Class A volumetric flask, pipet 10.00 mL of 1000-mg/L
Magnesium Standard Solution as Mg (Cat. No. 14794-42) using Class A
glassware to prepare a 100 mg/L standard (412 mg/L Mg as CaCO3).
b. Into six different 1000-mL Class A volumetric flasks, pipet 1.00, 4.00,
5.00, 6.00, 7.00, and 8.00 mL of the 100-mg/L magnesium standard using
Class A glassware.
c. Dilute to the mark with deionized water. Mix well.
Using the Calmagite Colorimetric method and the instructions described in the
User-Entered Programs section of the DR/4000 Spectrophotometer Instrument
Manual, generate a calcium calibration curve from the calcium standards
prepared above and a magnesium calibration curve from the magnesium
standards prepared above.

Summary of Method
The colorimetric method for measuring hardness supplements the conventional
titrimetric method because the colorimetric method can measure very low levels of
calcium and magnesium. Also, some metals (those listed the table above) that
interfere in the titrimetric method may be inconsequential when diluting the
sample to bring it within the range of this test. The indicator dye is calmagite,
which forms a purplish-blue color in a strongly alkaline solution and changes
to red when contacting free calcium or magnesium. Calcium and magnesium
determinations are made by chelating calcium with EGTA to destroy any red
color due to calcium and then chelating the calcium and magnesium with EDTA to
destroy the red color due to both calcium and magnesium. By measuring the
red color in the different states, calcium and magnesium concentrations
are determined.

Safety
Good safety habits and laboratory techniques should be used throughout the
procedure. Consult the Material Safety Data Sheet for information specific to the
reagents used. For additional information, refer to Section 3.

Pollution Prevention and Waste Management

For information on pollution prevention and waste management, refer to Section 3.

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HARDNESS, continued

REQUIRED REAGENTS AND STANDARDS

Cat. No.
Hardness Reagent Set (100 Tests) ..........................................................................................................23199-00
Includes: (1) 22417-32, (1) 22418-32, (1) 22419-26, (1) 22297-26
Quantity Required
Description per test Unit Cat. No.
Alkali Solution for Calcium and Magnesium Test........................... 1 mL .....100 mL MDB.................22417-32
Calcium and Magnesium Indicator Solution.................................... 1 mL .....100 mL MDB.................22418-32
EDTA Solution, 1 M ....................................................................... 1 drop .... 50 mL SCDB.................22419-26
EGTA Solution ................................................................................ 1 drop .... 50 mL SCDB.................22297-26
REQUIRED EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
Cylinder, 100-mL, graduated mixing ...................................................1 ....................... each...................1896-42
Dropper, measuring, 0.5 and 1.0 mL....................................................2 ................... 20/pkg.................21247-20
DR/4000 1-Inch Cell Adapter ..............................................................1 ....................... each.................48190-00
OPTIONAL REAGENTS AND STANDARDS
Calcium Chloride Standard Solution, 50-mg/L as CaCO3........................................946 mL.................21277-16
Magnesium Standard Solution, 1000-mg/L as Mg ...................................................100 mL.................14794-42
Nitric Acid, ACS .......................................................................................................500 mL.....................152-49
Sodium Hydroxide Standard Solution, 5.0 N..................................................100 mL MDB...................2450-32
OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
DR/4000 Carousel Module Kit ...................................................................................... each.................48070-02
DR/4000 Flow Cell Module Kit, 1-inch......................................................................... each.................48070-04
DR/4000 Flow Cell Module Kit, 1-cm........................................................................... each.................48070-05
DR/4000 Sipper Module Kit, 1-inch .............................................................................. each.................48090-03
Flask, volumetric, Class A, 100-mL .............................................................................. each.................14574-42
Flask, volumetric, Class A, 1000-mL, with stopper....................................................... each.................14574-53
Pipet, volumetric, Class A, 1.00-mL .............................................................................. each................ 14515-35
Pipet, volumetric, Class A, 4.00-mL .............................................................................. each................ 14515-04
Pipet, volumetric, Class A, 5.00-mL .............................................................................. each................ 14515-37
Pipet, volumetric, Class A, 6.00-mL .............................................................................. each.................14515-06
Pipet, volumetric, Class A, 7.00-mL .............................................................................. each................ 14515-07
Pipet, volumetric, Class A, 8.00-mL .............................................................................. each................ 14515-08
Pipet, volumetric, Class A, 10.00-mL ............................................................................ each................ 14515-38
Thermometer, pocket, -10 to 110 °C .............................................................................. each...................1877-01

FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, PRICE INFORMATION AND ORDERING: HACH COMPANY

In the U.S.A. – Call toll-free 800-227-4224 WORLD HEADQUARTERS
Outside the U.S.A. – Contact the HACH office or distributor serving you. Telephone: (970) 669-3050
On the Worldwide Web – www.hach.com; E-mail – techhelp@hach.com FAX: (970) 669-2932

© Hach Company, 1997-2003. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. 6/03 11ed
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