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    MAS 311 Real Analysis I

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    Minh Béo
    This document contains an assignment and exercises related to real analysis and limits of sequences. The assignment includes 8 problems proving various properties about limits of sequences, including proofs involving the square root of a convergent sequence. The tutorial exercises consist of 6 additional problems, such as proving a decreasing sequence converges to 0 and applying Stolz's theorem. Finally, the extra exercises provide 6 further challenges involving limits, such as determining the limit of a recursively defined sequence.

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    MAS 311 Real Analysis I

    Uploaded by

    Minh Béo
    105 views4 pages
    This document contains an assignment and exercises related to real analysis and limits of sequences. The assignment includes 8 problems proving various properties about limits of sequences, including proofs involving the square root of a convergent sequence. The tutorial exercises consist of 6 additional problems, such as proving a decreasing sequence converges to 0 and applying Stolz's theorem. Finally, the extra exercises provide 6 further challenges involving limits, such as determining the limit of a recursively defined sequence.

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    assignment3-mas311-2010

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    This document contains an assignment and exercises related to real analysis and limits of sequences. The assignment includes 8 problems proving various properties about limits of sequences, including proofs involving the square root of a convergent sequence. The tutorial exercises consist of 6 additional problems, such as proving a decreasing sequence converges to 0 and applying Stolz's theorem. Finally, the extra exercises provide 6 further challenges involving limits, such as determining the limit of a recursively defined sequence.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    105 views4 pages

    MAS 311 Real Analysis I

    Uploaded by

    Minh Béo
    This document contains an assignment and exercises related to real analysis and limits of sequences. The assignment includes 8 problems proving various properties about limits of sequences, including proofs involving the square root of a convergent sequence. The tutorial exercises consist of 6 additional problems, such as proving a decreasing sequence converges to 0 and applying Stolz's theorem. Finally, the extra exercises provide 6 further challenges involving limits, such as determining the limit of a recursively defined sequence.

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    MAS 311 Real Analysis I

    Assignment 3 Due time: 29/09/2010

    1. Let (xn ) be a sequence with xn ≥ 0 for each n ∈ N.


    √
    (a) If limn xn = 0, then limnxn = 0.
    √ √
    (b) If limn xn = x, then limn xn = x.

    an
    2. Prove that for any a > 0, limn = 0.
    n!
    3. Prove that if (xn ) is a sequence convergent to x, then limn |xn | = |x|.
    Is the converse true?
    4. Suppose that (an ), (bn ) are two sequences such that (an ) is bounded
    and (bn ) converges to 0. Prove that the sequence (an bn ) converges to
    0.
    5. Suppose that (an ) and (bn ) are two sequences such that (an ) converges
    to 0 and for each n ∈ N, |bn − b| ≤ an . Prove that (bn ) converges to b.
    6. Suppose that (an ) is a sequence such that
    1! + 2! + · · · + n!
    an = .
    n!
    Prove that limn an = 1.
    7. Suppose that (an ) is an increasing sequence and (bn ) is a decreasing
    sequence with limn (bn − an ) = 0. Prove that limn an and limn bn both
    exist and limn an = limn bn .
    1
    8. Let c > 0, and suppose that 0 < a < . Define a sequence (xn ) as
    c
    follows:
    x0 = a, xn = xn−1 (2 − cxn−1 ) for n = 1, 2, · · · .
    1
    Prove that limn xn = .
    c

    1
    Tutorial Exercise
    2n n!
    1. Prove that limn = 0.
    nn
    2. Suppose that (an ) is a decreasing sequence with limit 0. Define
    a0 + a2 + · · · + an−1
    bn = .
    n
    Prove:
    (a) (bn ) is decreasing;
    (b) bn ≤ 12 (an + bn );
    (c) (bn ) converges to 0.
    3. Suppose that (an ) is a decreasing sequence convergent to a. Define a
    sequence (bn ) as
    a0 + a1 + · · · + an−1
    bn = .
    n
    Prove that (bn ) also converges to a.
    4. Evaluate the limit
    1 3 2n + 1
    lim( + 2 + · · · + n+1 ).
    n 2 2 2
    5. (a) Prove that for any n ∈ N+ ,
    1 √ √ 1
    √ < n+1− n< √ .
    2 n+1 2 n
    (b) Prove that the sequence
    1 1 1 √
    xn = 1 + √ + √ + · · · + √ − 2 n
    2 3 n
    converges.
    6. Let x0 = a and x1 = b with b > a. Define
    x2n−1 + 2x2n−2
    x2n = ,
    3

    2x2n + x2n−1
    x2n+1 = ,
    3
    for n ∈ N+ . Prove that the sequence (xn ) converges.

    2
    Extra Exercise
    1. Let c > 0. Find the limit of the following sequence:
    r
    √ √ √
    q q
    c, c + c, c + c + c, · · · .

    2. Suppose that (xn ) is a sequence with

    |xn+1 − xn | ≤ q · |xn − xn−1 |

    for n ∈ N+ , where 0 < q < 1. Prove that (xn ) is a convergent sequence.

    3. Suppose that a sequence (xn ) satisfies that for all n ∈ N, 0 < xn < 1,
    1
    and that xn+1 > . Prove that (xn ) is an increasing sequence
    4(1 − xn )
    with limit 1/2.

    4. Suppose that (xn ), (yn ) are two sequences such that

    (a) 0 < x0 < y0 ,


    √ 1
    (b) xn+1 = xn yn and yn+1 = (xn + yn ) for n ∈ N.
    2
    Prove that these two sequences are both convergent, with the same
    limit.

    5. Suppose that (yn ) is a strictly increasing and unbounded sequence, and


    (xn ) is a sequence with
    xn − xn−1
    lim = A.
    n yn − yn−1
    Prove that
    xn
    lim = A.
    n yn
    This is called the Stolz Theorem.

    6. By applying the Stolz Theorem to find the limits of the following se-
    quences:

    3
    1 + 21 + · · · + n1
    (a) limn ;
    ln n
    1 + √12 + · · · + √1n
    (b) limn √ ;
    n
    12 + 32 + · · · + (2n − 1)2
    (c) limn .
    n3

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