IPC Patent Codes 2018

IPC Codes Applied in Inspec Records 2018
IPC codes applied in Inspec records 2018
The following list contains both the IPC codes which appear in Inspec records and their
hierarchical context. This context is necessary because the text for IPC codes is not always
fully self-explanatory.
A Section A - Human necessities

A01 Agriculture; Forestry; Animal husbandry; Hunting; Trapping; Fishing
A01B Soil working in agriculture or forestry; Parts, details, or accessories
of agricultural machines or implements, in general
A01D Harvesting; Mowing
A01D34/00 Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
A01G Horticulture; Cultivation of vegetables, flowers, rice, fruit, vines,
hops, or seaweed; Forestry; Watering
A01G7/00 Botany in general
A01G9/00 Cultivation of flowers, vegetables or rice in receptacles, forcing-
frames or greenhouses
A01G9/14 Greenhouses
A01G23/00 Forestry
A01G25/00 Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds, or the like
A01J Manufacture of dairy products
A01K Animal husbandry; Care of birds, fishes, insects; Fishing; Rearing
or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of
animals
A01K61/00 Culture of fish, mussels, crayfish, lobsters, sponges, pearls, or the
like
A01M Catching, trapping or scaring of animals; Apparatus for the
destruction of noxious animals or noxious plants
A01N Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts
thereof; Biocides, e.g. as disinfectants, as pesticides or as
herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants; Plant growth regulators
A01P Biocidal, pest repellant, pest attractant or plant growth regulatory
activity of chemical compounds or preparations
A01P17/00 Pest repellants
These codes are used with the kind permission of the World Intellectual
Property Organization
A21 Baking; Equipment for making or processing doughs; Doughs for

baking
A23 Foods or foodstuffs; Their treatment, not covered by other classes
A23C Dairy products, e.g. milk, butter, cheese; Milk or cheese substitutes;
Making thereof
A23L Foods, foodstuffs, or non-alcoholic beverages, not covered by
subclasses a21d or a23b to a23j; Their preparation or treatment,
e.g. cooking, modification of nutritive qualities, physical treatment;
Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
A23L1/00 Foods or foodstuffs; Their preparation or treatment
A23L2/00 Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates
therefor; Their preparation
A23L3/00 Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising,
sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
A24 Tobacco; Cigars; Cigarettes; Smokers' requisites
A41 Wearing apparel
A41D Outerwear; Protective garments; Accessories
A41D13/00 Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g.
garments affording protection against blows or punches, surgeons'
gowns
A41H Appliances or methods for making clothes, e.g. for dress-making,
for tailoring, not otherwise provided for
A43 Footwear
A43D Machines, tools, equipment or methods for manufacturing or
repairing footwear
A47 Furniture; Domestic articles or appliances; Coffee mills; Spice mills;
Suction cleaners in general
A47B Tables; Desks; Office furniture; Cabinets; Drawers; General details
of furniture
A61 Medical or veterinary science; Hygiene
A61B Diagnosis; Surgery; Identification
A61B1/00 Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of
cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection,
e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
A61B3/00 Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
A61B3/113 For determining or recording eye movement
A61B5/00 Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons

A61B5/02 Measuring pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow;
Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination;
Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for,
e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group
with electrocardiography; Heart catheters for measuring blood
pressure
A61B5/021 Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
A61B5/026 Measuring blood flow
A61B5/0402 Electrocardiography, i.e. ecg
A61B5/0476 Electroencephalography
A61B5/0488 Electromyography
A61B5/0496 Electro-oculography, e.g. detecting nystagmus
A61B5/055 Involving electronic [emr] or nuclear [nmr] magnetic resonance, e.g.
magnetic resonance imaging
A61B6/00 Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation
therapy equipment
A61B6/03 Computerised tomographs
A61B8/00 Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
A61B8/14 Echo-tomography
A61B9/00 Instruments for examination by percussion; Pleximeters
A61B17/00 Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
A61C Dentistry; Apparatus or methods for oral or dental hygiene
A61F Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses; Devices
providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures
of the body, e.g. stents; Orthopaedic, nursing or contraceptive
devices; Fomentation; Treatment or protection of eyes or ears;
Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads; First-aid kits
A61F2/00 Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial
substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for
connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or
preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
A61F2/02 Prostheses implantable into the body
A61F2/18 Internal ear or nose parts, e.g. ear-drums
A61F2/50 Prostheses not implantable in the body
A61F2/82 Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular

structures of the body, e.g. stents
A61F5/00 Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of
bones or joints; Nursing devices
A61G Transport, personal conveyances, or accommodation specially
adapted for patients or disabled persons; Operating tables or
chairs; Chairs for dentistry; Funeral devices
A61G5/00 Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or
disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
A61L Methods or apparatus for sterilising materials or objects in general;
Disinfection, sterilisation, or deodorisation of air; Chemical aspects
of bandages, dressings, absorbent pads, or surgical articles;
Materials for bandages, dressings, absorbent pads, or surgical
articles
A61L9/00 Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
A61L9/015 Using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
A61M Devices for introducing media into, or onto, the body; Devices for
transducing body media or for taking media from the body; Devices
for producing or ending sleep or stupor
A61M25/00 Catheters; Hollow probes
A61N Electrotherapy; Magnetotherapy; Radiation therapy; Ultrasound
therapy
A61N1/00 Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
A61N1/04 Electrodes
A61N1/36 For stimulation, e.g. heart pace-makers
A61N1/39 Heart defibrillators
A61N5/00 Radiation therapy
A61N7/00 Ultrasound therapy
A61P Therapeutic activity of chemical compounds or medicinal
preparations
A61Q Use of cosmetics or similar toilet preparations
A62 Life-saving; Fire-fighting
A62B Devices, apparatus or methods for life-saving
A62B7/00 Respiratory apparatus
A63 Sports; Games; Amusements
A63B Apparatus for physical training, gymnastics, swimming, climbing, or

fencing; Ball games; Training equipment
A63F Card, board, or roulette games; Indoor games using small moving
playing bodies; Games not otherwise provided for
A63F13/00 Aspects of games using an electronically generated display having
two or more dimensions, e.g. on a television screen, showing
representations related to the game
B Section B - Performing operations; Transporting
B01 Physical or chemical processes or apparatus in general
B01B Boiling; Boiling apparatus
B01B1/00 Boiling; Boiling apparatus for physical or chemical purposes
B01D Separation
B01D1/00 Evaporating
B01D1/22 By bringing a thin layer of the liquid into contact with a heated
surface
B01D3/00 Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are
contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
B01D3/14 Fractional distillation
B01D5/00 Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by
condensation
B01D7/00 Sublimation
B01D7/02 Crystallisation directly from the vapour phase
B01D9/00 Crystallisation
B01D15/00 Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid
sorbents; Apparatus therefor
B01D15/08 Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
B01D17/00 Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal
diffusion
B01D21/00 Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by
sedimentation
B01D21/01 Using flocculating agents
B01D37/00 Processes of filtration
B01D39/00 Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
B01D39/10 Filter screens essentially made of metal
B01D47/00 Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid
as separating agent
B01D53/00 Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile

solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste
gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or
aerosols
B01D53/48 Sulfur compounds
B01D57/00 Separation, other than separation of solids, not fully covered by a
single other group or subclass, e.g. b03c
B01D57/02 By electrophoresis
B01D59/00 Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
B01D61/00 Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g.
dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or
auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
B01D61/02 Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
B01D61/14 Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
B01F Mixing, e.g. dissolving, emulsifying, dispersing
B01F1/00 Dissolving
B01F3/00 Mixing, e.g. dispersing, emulsifying, according to the phases to be
mixed
B01J Chemical or physical processes, e.g. catalysis, colloid chemistry;
Their relevant apparatus
B01J6/00 Calcining; Fusing
B01J8/00 Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the
presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
B01J8/24 According to "fluidised-bed" technique
B01J13/00 Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their
solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or
microballoons
B01J19/00 Chemical, physical, or physico-chemical processes in general;
Their relevant apparatus
B01J19/06 Solidifying liquids
B01J47/00 Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
B01L Chemical or physical laboratory apparatus for general use
B01L9/00 Supporting devices; Holding devices
B03 Separation of solid materials using liquids or using pneumatic
tables or jigs; Magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials
from solid materials or fluids; Separation by high-voltage electric

fields
B03C Magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid
materials or fluids; Separation by high-voltage electric fields
B03C1/00 Magnetic separation
B03D Flotation; Differential sedimentation
B04 Centrifugal apparatus or machines for carrying-out physical or
chemical processes
B04B Centrifuges
B04C Apparatus using free vortex flow, e.g. cyclones
B05 Spraying or atomising in general; Applying liquids or other fluent
materials to surfaces, in general
B05D Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces,
in general
B05D1/00 Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
B05D1/02 Performed by spraying
B05D1/18 Performed by dipping
B06 Generating or transmitting mechanical vibrations in general
B06B Generating or transmitting mechanical vibrations in general
B06B1/00 Processes or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of
infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic frequency
B06B1/02 Making use of electrical energy
B06B1/06 Operating with piezo-electric effect or with electrostriction
B07 Separating solids from solids; Sorting
B07B Separating solids from solids by sieving, screening, or sifting or by
using gas currents; Other separating by dry methods applicable to
bulk material, e.g. loose articles fit to be handled like bulk material
B07B1/00 Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks,
gratings, grids, or the like
B08 Cleaning
B08B Cleaning in general; Prevention of fouling in general
B08B3/00 Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or
steam
B08B3/08 The liquid having chemical or dissolving effect
B08B3/12 By sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
B09 Disposal of solid waste; Reclamation of contaminated soil
B09B Disposal of solid waste

B09B1/00 Dumping solid waste
B09B3/00 Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something
useful or harmless
B21 Mechanical metal-working without essentially removing material;
Punching metal
B21B Rolling of metal
B21B1/00 Metal rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of
solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling
trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands;
Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
B21C Manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes, profiles or like semi-
manufactured products otherwise than by rolling; Auxiliary
operations used in connection with metal-working without
essentially removing material
B21C1/00 Manufacture of metal sheets, wire, rods, tubes or like semi-
manufactured products by drawing
B21C1/02 Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing
machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by
drums
B21C23/00 Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
B21C47/00 Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other
flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal
processing only
B21C47/02 Winding-up or coiling
B21D Working or processing of sheet metal or metal tubes, rods or
profiles without essentially removing material; Punching
B21D22/00 Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
B21D22/20 Deep-drawing
B21D28/00 Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
B21D28/02 Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap;
Notching
B21D28/14 Dies
B21D28/24 Perforating, i.e. punching holes
B21J Forging; Hammering; Pressing; Riveting; Forge furnaces
B21J5/00 Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or

accessories therefor
B21J7/00 Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by
impact
B21J9/00 Forging presses
B21J13/00 Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
B21J13/02 Dies or mountings therefor
B21J15/00 Riveting
B22 Casting; Powder metallurgy
B22C Foundry moulding
B22C9/00 Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
B22C9/02 Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
B22C9/04 Use of lost patterns
B22C9/06 Permanent moulds for shaped castings
B22C25/00 Foundry moulding plants
B22D Casting of metals; Casting of other substances by the same
processes or devices
B22D13/00 Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
B22D17/00 Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which
the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
B22D18/00 Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
B22D18/06 Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
B22D47/00 Casting plants
B22F Working metallic powder; Manufacture of articles from metallic
powder; Making metallic powder
B23 Machine tools; Metal-working not otherwise provided for
B23B Turning; Boring
B23B1/00 Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of
turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with
such methods
B23B3/00 General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes
with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
B23B35/00 Methods for boring or drilling, or for working essentially requiring
the use of boring or drilling machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in
connection with such methods
B23B39/00 General-purpose boring or drilling machines or devices; Sets of

boring or drilling machines
B23C Milling
B23C1/00 Milling machines not designed for particular work or special
operations
B23C3/00 Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines
therefor
B23C3/12 Trimming or finishing edges, e.g. deburring welded corners
B23D Planing; Slotting; Shearing; Broaching; Sawing; Filing; Scraping;
Like operations for working metal by removing material, not
otherwise provided for
B23D15/00 Shearing machines or shearing devices cutting by blades which
move parallel to each other
B23D37/00 Broaching machines or broaching devices
B23F Making gears or toothed racks
B23G Thread cutting; Working of screws, bolt heads, or nuts, in
conjunction therewith
B23H Working of metal by the action of a high concentration of electric
current on a workpiece using an electrode which takes the place of
a tool; Such working combined with other forms of working of metal
B23H1/00 Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of
rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a
workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
B23H3/00 Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current
between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an
electrolyte
B23K Soldering or unsoldering; Welding; Cladding or plating by soldering
or welding; Cutting by applying heat locally, e.g. flame cutting;
Working by laser beam
B23K1/00 Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
B23K5/00 Gas flame welding
B23K9/00 Arc welding or cutting
B23K9/013 Arc cutting, gouging, scarfing or desurfacing
B23K10/00 Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
B23K10/02 Plasma welding
B23K11/00 Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
B23K11/02 Pressure butt welding

B23K11/04 Flash butt welding
B23K11/11 Spot welding
B23K15/00 Electron-beam welding or cutting
B23K15/08 Removing material, e.g. by cutting, by hole drilling
B23K20/00 Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or
without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
B23K20/10 Making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
B23K20/12 The heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
B23K25/00 Slag welding, i.e. using a heated layer or mass of powder, slag, or
the like in contact with the material to be joined
B23K26/00 Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting, boring
B23K35/00 Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding,
or cutting
B23P Other working of metal; Combined operations; Universal machine
tools
B23P11/00 Connecting or disconnecting metal parts or objects by metal-
working techniques, not otherwise provided for
B23P11/02 By first expanding and then shrinking or vice versa, e.g. by using
pressure fluids; By making force fits
B23Q Details, components, or accessories for machine tools, e.g.
arrangements for copying or controlling; Machine tools in general,
characterised by the construction of particular details or
components; Combinations or associations of metal-working
machines, not directed to a particular result
B23Q3/00 Devices holding, supporting, or positioning, work or tools, of a kind
normally removable from the machine
B23Q3/06 Work-clamping means
B23Q15/00 Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity
or position of tool or work
B24 Grinding; Polishing
B24B Machines, devices, or processes for grinding or polishing; Dressing
or conditioning of abrading surfaces; Feeding of grinding, polishing,
or lapping agents
B24B1/00 Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in
connection with such processes
B24B37/00 Lapping machines or devices, i.e. requiring pulverulent abrading

substances inserted between a lap of relatively soft but rigid
material and the surface to be lapped; Accessories therefor
B24C Abrasive or related blasting with particulate material
B24C1/00 Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular
effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
B24C1/10 For compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
B24D Tools for grinding, buffing, or sharpening
B24D3/00 Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive
surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised
by their constituents
B25 Hand tools; Portable power-driven tools; Handles for hand
implements; Workshop equipment; Manipulators
B25B Tools or bench devices not otherwise provided for, for fastening,
connecting, disengaging, or holding
B25B1/00 Vices
B25B5/00 Clamps
B25B27/00 Hand tools or bench devices, specially adapted for fitting together
or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some
deformation, not otherwise provided for
B25B27/02 For connecting objects by press fit or detaching same
B25J Manipulators; Chambers provided with manipulation devices
B25J7/00 Micromanipulators
B25J13/00 Controls for manipulators
B25J15/00 Gripping heads
B25J15/08 Having finger members
B26 Hand cutting tools; Cutting; Severing
B26D Cutting; Details common to machines for severing, e.g. by cutting,
perforating, punching, stamping-out
B26F Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Severing by
means other than cutting
B27 Working or preserving wood or similar material; Nailing or stapling
machines in general
B27M Working of wood not provided for in subclasses b27b to b27l;
Manufacture of specific wooden articles
B27M3/00 Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished

articles
B27M3/18 Of furniture
B28 Working cement, clay, or stone
B29 Working of plastics; Working of substances in a plastic state in
general
B29C Shaping or joining of plastics; Shaping of substances in a plastic
state, in general; After- treatment of the shaped products, e.g.
repairing
B29C43/00 Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the
moulding material; Apparatus therefor
B29C45/00 Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding
material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
B29C45/02 Transfer moulding, i.e. transferring the required volume of moulding
material by a plunger from a "shot" cavity into a mould cavity
B29C49/00 Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape
within a mould; Apparatus therefor
B29C51/00 Shaping by thermoforming, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds
or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
B29D Producing particular articles from plastics or from substances in a
plastic state
B30 Presses
B30B Presses in general; Presses not otherwise provided for
B31 Making paper articles; Working paper
B32 Layered products
B32B Layered products, i.e. products built-up of strata of flat or non-flat,
e.g. cellular or honeycomb, form
B32B3/00 Layered products essentially comprising a layer with external or
internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar
form; Layered products essentially having particular features of
form
B32B3/12 Characterised by a layer of regularly-arranged cells whether
integral or formed individually or by conjunction of separate strips,
e.g. honeycomb structure
B32B15/00 Layered products essentially comprising metal
B32B15/01 All layers being exclusively metallic
B41 Printing; Lining machines; Typewriters; Stamps

B41B Machines or accessories for making, setting, or distributing type;
Type; Photographic or photoelectronic composing devices
B41F Printing machines or presses
B41J Typewriters; Selective printing mechanisms, i.e. mechanisms
printing otherwise than from a forme; Correction of typographical
errors
B41J2/00 Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the
printing or marking process for which they are designed
B41J2/01 Ink jet
B60 Vehicles in general
B60B Vehicle wheels; Castors; Axles; Increasing wheel adhesion
B60B35/00 Axle units; Parts thereof
B60C Vehicle tyres; Tyre inflation; Tyre changing; Connecting valves to
inflatable elastic bodies in general; Devices or arrangements
related to tyres
B60G Vehicle suspension arrangements
B60K Arrangement or mounting of propulsion units or of transmissions in
vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers;
Auxiliary drives; Instrumentation or dashboards for vehicles;
Arrangements in connection with cooling, air intake, gas exhaust, or
fuel supply, of propulsion units, in vehicles
B60L Electric equipment or propulsion of electrically-propelled vehicles;
Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles; Electrodynamic
brake systems for vehicles, in general
B60L1/00 Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
B60L3/00 Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety
purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration,
power consumption
B60L5/00 Current-collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled
vehicles
B60L7/00 Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
B60L8/00 Electric propulsion with power supply from force of nature, e.g. sun,
wind
B60L11/00 Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
B60L11/02 Using engine-driven generators
B60L11/18 Using power supplied from primary cells, secondary cells, or fuel
cells
B60L13/00 Electric propulsion for monorail vehicles, suspension vehicles or
rack railways; Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
B60L13/04 Magnetic suspension or levitation for vehicles
B60M Power supply lines, or devices along rails, for electrically-propelled
vehicles
B60M1/00 Power supply lines for contact with collector on vehicle
B60M3/00 Feeding power to the supply lines in contact with collector on
vehicles; Arrangements for consuming regenerative power
B60P Vehicles adapted for load transportation or to transport, to carry, or
to comprise special loads or objects
B60P1/00 Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to
facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
B60P1/02 With parallel up-and-down movement of load supporting or
containing element
B60T Vehicle brake control systems or parts thereof; Brake control
systems or parts thereof, in general; Arrangement of braking
elements on vehicles in general; Portable devices for preventing
unwanted movement of vehicles; Vehicle modifications to facilitate
cooling of brakes
B60T1/00 Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where
braking effect occurs
B60V Air-cushion vehicles
B60V1/00 Air-cushion vehicles
B60W Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different
function; Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles;
Road vehicle drive control systems for purposes not related to the
control of a particular sub-unit
B60W30/00 Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the
control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint
control of vehicle sub-units
B60W30/08 Predicting or avoiding probable or impending collision
B60W30/095 Predicting travel path or likelihood of collision
B61 Railways
B61B Railway systems; Equipment therefor not otherwise provided for
B61C Locomotives; Motor railcars

B61C1/00 Steam locomotives or railcars
B61C3/00 Electric locomotives or railcars
B61C5/00 Locomotives or motor railcars with ic engines or gas turbines
B61C17/00 Arrangement or disposition of parts; Details or accessories not
otherwise provided for; Use of control gear and control systems
B61D Body details or kinds of railway vehicles
B61F Rail vehicle suspensions, e.g. underframes, bogies, arrangements
of wheel axles; Rail vehicles for use on tracks of different width;
Preventing derailing; Wheels guards; Obstruction removers or the
like
B61L Guiding railway traffic; Ensuring the safety of railway traffic
B62 Land vehicles for travelling otherwise than on rails
B62D Motor vehicles; Trailers
B62D1/00 Steering controls, i.e. means for initiating a change of direction of
the vehicle
B62D55/00 Endless-track vehicles
B62D65/00 Designing, manufacturing, e.g. assembling, facilitating disassembly,
or structurally modifying motor vehicles or trailers, not otherwise
provided for
B62K Cycles; Cycle frames; Cycle steering devices; Rider-operated
terminal controls specially adapted for cycles; Cycle axle
suspensions; Cycle sidecars, forecars, or the like
B62K3/00 Bicycles
B62K11/00 Motorcycles; Engine-assisted cycles; Motor-scooters
B62M Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles or sledges; Powered
propulsion of sledges or cycles; Transmissions specially adapted
for such vehicles
B62M7/00 Motorcycles or cycles with auxiliary engines characterised by
position of engine
B63 Ships or other waterborne vessels; Related equipment
B63B Ships or other waterborne vessels; Equipment for shipping
B63B7/00 Collapsible, foldable, inflatable, or like vessels
B63B9/00 Methods of designing, building, maintaining, converting, refitting,
repairing, or determining properties of, vessels, not otherwise
provided for
B63B35/00 Vessels or like floating structures adapted for special purposes

B63B35/44 Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g.
carrying water-oil separating devices
B63B43/00 Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise
provided for
B63G Offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels; Mine-laying;
Mine-sweeping; Submarines; Aircraft carriers
B63G8/00 Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines
B63H Marine propulsion or steering
B64 Aircraft; Aviation; Cosmonautics
B64B Lighter-than-air aircraft
B64B1/00 Lighter-than-air aircraft
B64C Aeroplanes; Helicopters
B64C11/00 Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and
rotors for rotorcraft
B64C13/00 Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control
surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
B64C15/00 Attitude, flight direction, or altitude control by jet reaction
B64C27/00 Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
B64D Equipment for fitting in or to aircraft; Flying suits; Parachutes;
Arrangements or mounting of power plants or propulsion
transmissions
B64D7/00 Arrangement of military equipment, e.g. armaments, armament
accessories, or military shielding, in aircraft; Adaptations of
armament mountings for aircraft
B64D43/00 Arrangements or adaptations of instruments
B64F Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations
B64F1/00 Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations
B64F5/00 Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining, or
repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for
B64G Cosmonautics; Vehicles or equipment therefor
B64G1/00 Cosmonautic vehicles
B64G1/16 Extraterrestrial cars
B64G1/24 Guiding or controlling apparatus, e.g. for attitude control
B64G1/40 Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
B64G1/42 Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems
B64G3/00 Observing or tracking cosmonautic vehicles

B64G5/00 Ground equipment for vehicles, e.g. starting towers, fuelling
arrangements
B65 Conveying; Packing; Storing; Handling thin or filamentary material
B65B Machines, apparatus or devices for, or methods of, packaging
articles or materials; Unpacking
B65B11/00 Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles, or quantities of
material, in strips, sheets, or blanks, of flexible material
B65B13/00 Bundling articles
B65B27/00 Bundling particular articles presenting special problems using
string, wire, or narrow tape or band; Baling fibrous material, e.g.
peat, not otherwise provided for
B65C Labelling or tagging machines, apparatus, or processes
B65D Containers for storage or transport of articles or materials, e.g.
bags, barrels, bottles, boxes, cans, cartons, crates, drums, jars,
tanks, hoppers, forwarding containers; Accessories, closures, or
fittings therefor; Packaging elements; Packages
B65D19/00 Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting
loads to be lifted or lowered
B65D30/00 Sacks, bags or like containers
B65D81/00 Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents
presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to
be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
B65D81/18 Providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above
or below ambient
B65D85/00 Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for
particular articles or materials
B65D88/00 Large containers
B65F Gathering or removal of domestic or like refuse
B65G Transport or storage devices, e.g. conveyers for loading or tipping;
Shop conveyer systems; Pneumatic tube conveyers
B65G1/00 Storing articles, individually or in orderly arrangement, in
warehouses or magazines
B65G3/00 Storing bulk material or loose, i.e. disorderly, articles
B65G57/00 Stacking of articles
B65G65/00 Loading or unloading
B65H Handling thin or filamentary material, e.g. sheets, webs, cables

B65H54/00 Winding, coiling, or depositing filamentary material
B66 Hoisting; Lifting; Hauling
B66B Elevators; Escalators or moving walkways
B66C Cranes; Load-engaging elements or devices for cranes, capstans,
winches, or tackles
B66D Capstans; Winches; Tackles, e.g. pulley blocks; Hoists
B66F Hoisting, lifting, hauling, or pushing, not otherwise provided for, e.g.
devices which apply a lifting or pushing force directly to the surface
of a load
B66F9/00 Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or
unloading purposes
B66F9/06 Movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
B67 Opening or closing bottles, jars or similar containers; Liquid
handling
B67C Filling with liquids or semiliquids, or emptying, of bottles, jars, cans,
casks, barrels, or similar containers, not otherwise provided for;
Funnels
B68 Saddlery; Upholstery
B68F Making articles from leather, canvas, or the like
B81 Micro-structural technology
B81B Micro-structural devices or systems, e.g. micro-mechanical devices
B81C Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or
treatment of micro-structural devices or systems
B81C1/00 Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
B81C3/00 Assembling of devices or systems from individually processed
components
B82 Nano-technology
B82B Nano-structures; Manufacture or treatment thereof
B82B1/00 Nano-structures
B82B3/00 Manufacture or treatment of nano-structures
B82Y Specific uses or applications of nano-structures; measurement or
analysis of nano-structures; manufacture or treatment of nano-
structures
B82Y5/00 Nano-biotechnology or nano-medicine, e.g. protein engineering or
drug delivery
B82Y15/00 Nano-technology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum

dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
B82Y20/00 Nano-optics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
B82Y25/00 Nano-magnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic
magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling
magnetoresistance
B82Y40/00 Manufacture or treatment of nano-structures
C Section C - Chemistry; Metallurgy
C01 Inorganic chemistry
C01B Non-metallic elements; Compounds thereof
C01B3/00 Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of
hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
C01B13/00 Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
C01B13/10 Preparation of ozone
C01B31/00 Carbon; Compounds thereof
C02 Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge
C02F Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge
C02F1/00 Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
C02F1/24 By flotation
C02F1/78 With ozone
C02F11/00 Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
C03 Glass; Mineral or slag wool
C03B Manufacture or shaping of glass, or of mineral or slag wool;
Supplementary processes in the manufacture or shaping of glass,
or of mineral or slag wool
C03B37/00 Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from
softened glass, minerals, or slags
C03B37/01 Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
C03C Chemical composition of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels;
Surface treatment of glass; Surface treatment of fibres or filaments
from glass, minerals or slags; Joining glass to glass or other
materials
C03C3/00 Glass compositions
C03C8/00 Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions
having non-frit additions
C03C10/00 Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline

phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by
weight of the total composition
C03C25/00 Surface treatment of fibres or filaments from glass, minerals, or
slags
C03C25/10 By coating
C04 Cements; Concrete; Artificial stone; Ceramics; Refractories
C04B Lime; Magnesia; Slag; Cements; Compositions thereof, e.g.
mortars, concrete or like building materials; Artificial stone;
Ceramics; Refractories; Treatment of natural stone
C04B33/00 Clay-wares
C04B35/00 Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition;
Ceramic compositions; Processing powders of inorganic
compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
C05 Fertilisers; Manufacture thereof
C06 Explosives; Matches
C06B Explosive or thermic compositions; Manufacture thereof; Use of
single substances as explosives
C06C Detonating or priming devices; Fuses; Chemical lighters;
Pyrophoric compositions
C08 Organic macromolecular compounds; Their preparation or chemical
working-up; Compositions based thereon
C08C Treatment or chemical modification of rubbers
C08F Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving
carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
C08F2/00 Processes of polymerisation
C08J Working-up; General processes of compounding; After-treatment
not covered by subclasses c08b, c08c, c08f, c08g or c08h
C08J3/00 Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
C08J3/24 Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
C08L Compositions of macromolecular compounds
C08L91/00 Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives
thereof
C08L95/00 Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
C09 Dyes; Paints; Polishes; Natural resins; Adhesives; Compositions

not otherwise provided for; Applications of materials not otherwise
provided for
C09B Organic dyes or closely-related compounds for producing dyes;
Mordants; Lakes
C09C Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to
enhance their pigmenting or filling properties; Preparation of carbon
black
C09D Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes, lacquers; Filling
pastes; Chemical paint or ink removers; Inks; Correcting fluids;
Woodstains; Pastes or solids for colouring or printing; Use of
materials therefor
C09D11/00 Inks
C09J Adhesives; Adhesive processes in general (non-mechanical part);
Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere; Use of materials
as adhesives
C09J5/00 Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided
for elsewhere
C09J9/00 Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects
produced
C09K Materials for applications not otherwise provided for; Applications of
materials not otherwise provided for
C09K3/00 Materials not provided for elsewhere
C09K3/10 For sealing or packing joints or covers
C09K5/00 Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g.
refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical
reactions other than by combustion
C09K11/00 Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent, materials
C09K15/00 Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
C09K19/00 Liquid crystal materials
C09K19/04 Characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal
components
C09K19/38 Polymers, e.g. polyamides
C09K21/00 Fireproofing materials
C10 Petroleum, gas or coke industries; Technical gases containing
carbon monoxide; Fuels; Lubricants; Peat
C10B Destructive distillation of carbonaceous materials for production of

gas, coke, tar, or similar materials
C10C Working-up tar, pitch, asphalt, bitumen; Pyroligneous acid
C10G Cracking hydrocarbon oils; Production of liquid hydrocarbon
mixtures, e.g. by destructive hydrogenation, oligomerisation,
polymerisation; Recovery of hydrocarbon oils from oil-shale, oil-
sand, or gases; Refining mixtures mainly consisting of
hydrocarbons; Reforming of naphtha; Mineral waxes
C10J Production of producer gas, water-gas, synthesis gas from solid
carbonaceous material, or mixtures containing these gases;
Carburetting air or other gases
C10K Purifying or modifying the chemical composition of combustible
gases containing carbon monoxide
C10L Fuels not otherwise provided for; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas
obtained by processes not covered by subclasses c10g to or c10k;
Liquefied petroleum gas; use of additives to fuels or fires; fire-
lighters
C10L3/00 Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by
processes not covered by subclasses c10g, c10k; Liquefied
petroleum gas
C10M Lubricating compositions; Use of chemical substances either alone
or as lubricating ingredients in a lubricating composition
C11 Animal or vegetable oils, fats, fatty substances or waxes; Fatty
acids therefrom; Detergents; Candles
C11B Producing, e.g. by pressing raw materials or by extraction from
waste materials, refining or preserving fats, fatty substances, e.g.
lanolin, fatty oils or waxes; Essential oils; Perfumes
C11B9/00 Essential oils; Perfumes
C11D Detergent compositions; Use of single substances as detergents;
Soap or soap-making; Resin soaps; Recovery of glycerol
C12 Biochemistry; Beer; Spirits; Wine; Vinegar; Microbiology;
Enzymology; Mutation or genetic engineering
C12C Brewing of beer
C12G Wine; Other alcoholic beverages; Preparation thereof
C12G1/00 Preparation of wine or sparkling wine
C12M Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
C12M3/00 Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus

C12N Micro-organisms or enzymes; Compositions thereof; Propagating,
preserving, or maintaining micro-organisms; Mutation or genetic
engineering; Culture media
C13 Sugar industry
C14 Skins; Hides; Pelts; Leather
C14C Chemical treatment of hides, skins or leather, e.g. tanning,
impregnating, finishing; Apparatus therefor; Compositions for
tanning
C14C3/00 Tanning; Compositions for tanning
C21 Metallurgy of iron
C21B Manufacture of iron or steel
C21B7/00 Blast furnaces
C21C Processing of pig-iron, e.g. refining, manufacture of wrought-iron or
steel; Treatment in molten state of ferrous alloys
C21D Modifying the physical structure of ferrous metals; General devices
for heat treatment of ferrous or non-ferrous metals or alloys; Making
metal malleable by decarburisation, tempering, or other treatments
C21D1/00 General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing,
hardening, quenching, tempering
C21D1/02 Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no
further heating beyond that required for the formation
C21D1/04 With simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or
electric fields
C21D1/06 Surface hardening
C21D1/09 By direct application of electrical or wave energy; By particle
radiation
C21D1/18 Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
C21D1/26 Methods of annealing
C21D1/62 Quenching devices
C21D8/00 Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or
followed by, heat treatment
C22 Metallurgy; Ferrous or non-ferrous alloys; Treatment of alloys or
non-ferrous metals
C22B Production or refining of metals; Pretreatment of raw materials
C22C Alloys
C22C1/00 Making non-ferrous alloys

C22C1/04 By powder metallurgy
C22C5/00 Alloys based on noble metals
C22C5/06 Alloys based on silver
C22C7/00 Alloys based on mercury
C22C9/00 Alloys based on copper
C22C9/02 With tin as the next major constituent
C22C11/00 Alloys based on lead
C22C12/00 Alloys based on antimony or bismuth
C22C13/00 Alloys based on tin
C22C14/00 Alloys based on titanium
C22C16/00 Alloys based on zirconium
C22C18/00 Alloys based on zinc
C22C19/00 Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
C22C20/00 Alloys based on cadmium
C22C21/00 Alloys based on aluminium
C22C22/00 Alloys based on manganese
C22C23/00 Alloys based on magnesium
C22C24/00 Alloys based on an alkali or an alkaline earth metal
C22C25/00 Alloys based on beryllium
C22C27/00 Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in
groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
C22C29/00 Alloys based on carbides, oxides, borides, nitrides or silicides, e.g.
cermets, or other metal compounds, e. g. oxynitrides, sulfides
C22C33/00 Making ferrous alloys
C22C33/02 By powder metallurgy
C22C38/00 Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
C22C45/00 Amorphous alloys
C22F Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or non-
ferrous alloys
C22F1/00 Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by
heat treatment or by hot or cold working
C23 Coating metallic material; Coating material with metallic material;
Chemical surface treatment; Diffusion treatment of metallic
material; Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering, by ion
implantation or by chemical vapour deposition, in general; Inhibiting

corrosion of metallic material or incrustation in general
C23C Coating metallic material; Coating material with metallic material;
Surface treatment of metallic material by diffusion into the surface,
by chemical conversion or substitution; Coating by vacuum
evaporation, by sputtering, by ion implantation or by chemical
vapour deposition, in general
C23C2/00 Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating
material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus
therefor
C23C4/00 Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by
flame, plasma or electric discharge
C23C14/00 Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion
implantation of the coating forming material
C23C14/24 Vacuum evaporation
C23C14/34 Sputtering
C23C14/46 By ion beam produced by an external ion source
C23C16/00 Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds,
without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating,
i.e. chemical vapour deposition (cvd) processes
C23C16/18 From metallo-organic compounds
C23C16/48 By irradiation, e.g. photolysis, radiolysis, particle radiation
C23C16/50 Using electric discharges
C23C18/00 Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or
solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving
reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
C23C18/16 By reduction or substitution, i.e. electroless plating
C23F Non-mechanical removal of metallic material from surfaces;
Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material; Inhibiting incrustation in
general; Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic
material involving at least one process provided for in class c23 and
at least one process covered by subclass c21d or c22f or class c25
C23F11/00 Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the
surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive
agent
C23F13/00 Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
C23G Cleaning or de-greasing of metallic material by chemical methods

other than electrolysis
C23G1/00 Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
C25 Electrolytic or electrophoretic processes; Apparatus therefor
C25B Electrolytic or electrophoretic processes for the production of
compounds or non- metals; Apparatus therefor
C25B11/00 Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
C25C Processes for the electrolytic production, recovery or refining of
metals; Apparatus therefor
C25D Processes for the electrolytic or electrophoretic production of
coatings; Electroforming; Joining workpieces by electrolysis;
Apparatus therefor
C25D1/00 Electroforming
C25D5/00 Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-
treatment of workpieces
C25D11/00 Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion
layers
C25D11/02 Anodisation
C25D13/00 Electrophoretic coating
C25D17/00 Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic
coating
C25D17/10 Electrodes
C25F Processes for the electrolytic removal of materials from objects;
Apparatus therefor
C25F3/00 Electrolytic etching or polishing
C30 Crystal growth
C30B Single-crystal growth; Unidirectional solidification of eutectic
material or unidirectional demixing of eutectoid material; Refining by
zone-melting of material; Production of a homogeneous
polycrystalline material with defined structure; Single crystals or
homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure; After-
treatment of single crystals or a homogeneous polycrystalline
material with defined structure; Apparatus therefor
C30B1/00 Single-crystal growth directly from the solid state
C30B5/00 Single-crystal growth from gels
C30B7/00 Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid
at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions
C30B9/00 Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents
C30B11/00 Single-crystal-growth by normal freezing or freezing under
temperature gradient, e.g. bridgman- stockbarger method
C30B13/00 Single-crystal growth by zone-melting; Refining by zone-melting
C30B15/00 Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. czochralski
method
C30B19/00 Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth
C30B21/00 Unidirectional solidification of eutectic materials
C30B23/00 Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed
materials
C30B23/02 Epitaxial-layer growth
C30B25/00 Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g.
chemical vapour deposition growth
C30B25/02 Epitaxial-layer growth
C30B31/00 Diffusion or doping processes for single crystals or homogeneous
polycrystalline material with defined structure; Apparatus therefor
D Section D - Textiles; Paper
D01 Natural or artificial threads or fibres; Spinning
D01C Chemical treatment of natural filamentary or fibrous material to
obtain filaments or fibres for spinning; Carbonising rags to recover
animal fibres
D01C3/00 Treatment of animal material, e.g. chemical scouring of wool
D01H Spinning or twisting
D02 Yarns; Mechanical finishing of yarns or ropes; Warping or beaming
D03 Weaving
D03D Woven fabrics; Methods of weaving; Looms
D03D7/00 Woven fabrics designed to be resilient, i.e. to recover from
compressive stress
D04 Braiding; Lace-making; Knitting; Trimmings; Non-woven fabrics
D04B Knitting
D04G Making nets by knotting of filamentary material; Making knotted
carpets or tapestries; Knotting not otherwise provided for
D04G3/00 Making knotted carpets or tapestries
D04H Making textile fabrics, e.g. from fibres or filamentary material;

Fabrics made by such processes or apparatus, e.g. felts, non-
woven fabrics; Cotton-wool; Wadding
D05 Sewing; Embroidering; Tufting
D05B Sewing
D06 Treatment of textiles or the like; Laundering; Flexible materials not
D06F Laundering, drying, ironing, pressing or folding textile articles
D06L Bleaching, e.g. optical bleaching, dry-cleaning, or washing fibres,
threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers, or made-up fibrous goods;
Bleaching leather or furs
D06L3/00 Bleaching fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers, or made-up
fibrous goods, leather, or furs
D06P Dyeing or printing textiles; Dyeing leather, furs, or solid
macromolecular substances in any form
D06P1/00 General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general
processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular
substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments,
or auxiliary substances employed
D06P1/44 Using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
D07 Ropes; Cables other than electric
D07B Ropes or cables in general
D21 Paper-making; Production of cellulose
D21C Production of cellulose by removing non-cellulose substances from
cellulose- containing materials; Regeneration of pulping liquors;
Apparatus therefor
D21D Treatment of the materials before passing to the paper-making
machine
D21F Paper-making machines; Methods of producing paper thereon
D21G Calenders; Accessories for paper-making machines
D21H Pulp compositions; Preparation thereof not covered by subclasses
d21c, d21d; Impregnating or coating of paper; Treatment of finished
paper not covered by class b31 or subclass d21g; Paper not
D21J Fibreboard; Manufacture of articles from cellulosic fibrous
suspensions or from papier-mache
E Section E - Fixed constructions

E01 Construction of roads, railways, or bridges
E01B Permanent way; Permanent-way tools; Machines for making
railways of all kinds
E01B5/00 Rails; Guard rails; Distance-keeping means for them
E01B5/02 Rails
E01C Construction of, or surfaces for, roads, sports grounds, or the like;
Machines or auxiliary tools for construction or repair
E01C7/00 Coherent pavings made in situ
E01C7/18 of road-metal and bituminous binders
E01C23/00 Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing,
reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
E01D Bridges
E02 Hydraulic engineering; Foundations; Soil-shifting
E02B Hydraulic engineering
E02B3/00 Engineering work in connection with control or use of streams,
rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for
engineering work in general
E02B3/10 Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or
the like
E02B5/00 Artificial water canals
E02B13/00 Irrigation ditches, i.e. gravity flow, open channel water distribution
systems
E02D Foundations; Excavations; Embankments; Underground or
underwater structures
E02D29/00 Underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
E02D31/00 Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures;
Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil
water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
E02D31/08 against transmission of vibrations or movements in the foundation
soil
E02F Dredging; Soil-shifting
E03 Water supply; Sewerage
E03C Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water;
Sinks
E03F Sewers; Cesspools
E04 Building
E04B General building constructions; Walls, e.g. partitions; Roofs; Floors;
Ceilings; Insulation or other protection of buildings
E04B1/00 Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either
to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
E04B1/04 the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or
other stone-like material
E04B1/20 The supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced
concrete, or other stone-like material
E04B1/343 Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible
parts, e.g. for transport
E04B1/64 For making damp-proof; Protection against corrosion
E04B1/66 Sealings
E04B1/94 Against fire
E04B1/98 Against vibrations or shocks; Against mechanical destruction, e.g.
by air-raids
E04B1/99 Room acoustics, i.e. forms of, or arrangements in, rooms for
influencing or directing sound
E04B2/00 Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to
insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
E04B5/00 Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections
specially adapted therefor
E04B7/00 Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
E04B9/00 Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling
construction with regard to insulation
E04C Structural elements; Building materials
E04C1/00 Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of
parts of buildings
E04C2/00 Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts
of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
E04C3/00 Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
E04C3/02 Joists; Girders, trusses, or truss-like structures, e.g. prefabricated;
Lintels; Transoms
E04C5/00 Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
E04C5/01 Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
E04D Roof coverings; Sky-lights; Gutters; Roof-working tools
E04D1/00 Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other

small roofing elements
E04H Buildings or like structures for particular purposes; Swimming or
splash baths or pools; Masts; Fencing; Tents or canopies, in
general
E04H12/00 Towers; Masts, poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of
erecting such structures
E05 Locks; Keys; Window or door fittings; Safes
E05B Locks; Accessories therefor; Handcuffs
E05B1/00 Knobs or handles for wings; Knobs, handles, or press buttons for
locks or latches on wings
E05B3/00 Fastening handles to lock or latch parts
E05D Hinges or other suspension devices for doors, windows, or wings
E06 Doors, windows, shutters, or roller blinds, in general; Ladders
E06C Ladders
E21 Earth or rock drilling; Mining
E21B Earth or rock drilling; Obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable
materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
E21B43/00 Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or
meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
E21B44/00 Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations,
i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a
drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g.
computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for
monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
E21B47/00 Survey of boreholes or wells
E21C Mining or quarrying
E21D Shafts; Tunnels; Galleries; Large underground chambers
F Section F - Mechanical engineering; Lighting; Heating;
Weapons; Blasting
F01 Machines or engines in general; Engine plants in general; Steam
engines
F01B Machines or engines, in general or of positive-displacement type,
e.g. steam engines
F01C Rotary-piston or oscillating-piston machines or engines
F01D Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam

turbines
F01K Steam engine plants; Steam accumulators; Engine plants not
otherwise provided for; Engines using special working fluids or
cycles
F01L Cyclically operating valves for machines or engines
F01L1/00 Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
F01L1/04 By means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics, or the like
F01L1/047 Camshafts
F01N Gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines in
general; Gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for internal-
combustion engines
F01N1/00 Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
F01N3/00 Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying,
rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
F01N13/00 Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional
features
F01N13/06 specially adapted for star-arrangement of cylinders, e.g. exhaust
manifolds
F01N13/08 Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
F02 Combustion engines; Hot-gas or combustion-product engine plants
F02B Internal-combustion piston engines; Combustion engines in general
F02B7/00 Engines characterised by the fuel-air charge being ignited by
compression ignition of an additional fuel
F02B41/00 Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion
of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
F02B41/02 Engines with prolonged expansion
F02B53/00 Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston
engines
F02B55/00 Internal-combustion aspects of rotary pistons; Outer members for
co-operation with rotary pistons
F02B61/00 Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers;
Combinations of engines with gearing
F02B61/04 for driving propellers
F02C Gas-turbine plants; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants; Controlling
fuel supply in air-breathing jet-propulsion plants
F02F Cylinders, pistons, or casings for combustion engines;

Arrangements of sealings in combustion engines
F02F1/00 Cylinders; Cylinder heads
F02F3/00 Pistons
F02F7/00 Casings, e.g. crankcases
F02F11/00 Arrangements of sealings in combustion engines
F02K Jet-propulsion plants
F02K3/00 Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
F02K9/00 Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant
therefor; Control thereof
F02M Supplying combustion engines in general with combustible mixtures
or constituents thereof
F02M35/00 Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction
systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion
engines
F02M35/10 Air intakes; Induction systems
F02M35/104 Intake manifolds
F02N Starting of combustion engines; Starting aids for such engines, not
F02N19/00 Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
F02P Ignition, other than compression ignition, for internal-combustion
engines; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
F02P13/00 Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-
combustion engines
F02P15/00 Electric spark ignition having characteristics not provided for in, or
of interest apart from, groups f02p0001000000 to f02p0013000000
F03 Machines or engines for liquids; Wind, spring, or weight motors;
Producing mechanical power or a reactive propulsive thrust, not
F03D Wind motors
F03D7/00 Controlling wind motors
F03H Producing a reactive propulsive thrust, not otherwise provided for
F03H3/00 Use of photons to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
F04 Positive-displacement machines for liquids; Pumps for liquids or
elastic fluids
F04B Positive-displacement machines for liquids; Pumps
F04B23/00 Pumping installations or systems

F04D Non-positive-displacement pumps
F04D13/00 Pumping installations or systems
F04D25/00 Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
F04F Pumping of fluid by direct contact of another fluid or by using inertia
of fluid to be pumped; Siphons
F04F9/00 Diffusion pumps
F15 Fluid-pressure actuators; Hydraulics or pneumatics in general
F15B Systems acting by means of fluids in general; Fluid-pressure
actuators, e.g. servomotors; Details of fluid-pressure systems, not
F15B21/00 Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator
systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this
subclass
F15B21/02 Servomotor systems with programme control derived from a store
or timing device; Control devices therefor
F15B21/08 Servomotor systems incorporating electrically- operated control
means
F15D Fluid dynamics, i.e. methods or means for influencing the flow of
gases or liquids
F15D1/00 Influencing the flow of fluids
F16 Engineering elements or units; General measures for producing
and maintaining effective functioning of machines or installations;
Thermal insulation in general
F16B Devices for fastening or securing constructional elements or
machine parts together, e.g. nails, bolts, circlips, clamps, clips or
wedges; Joints or jointing
F16B2/00 Friction-grip releasable fastenings
F16B2/02 Clamps, i.e. with gripping action effected by positive means other
than the inherent resistance to deformation of the material of the
fastening
F16B4/00 Shrinkage connection, e.g. assembled with the parts at different
temperature; Force fits; Non-releasable friction-grip fastenings
F16B5/00 Joining sheets or plates to one another or to strips or bars parallel
to them
F16B5/04 by means of riveting (rivets F16B19/04)
F16B11/00 Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or

pressing them together, e.g. cold pressure welding
F16B13/00 Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting
them in holes made therein for that purpose
F16B13/06 Combined with expanding sleeve
F16B15/00 Nails; Staples
F16B21/00 Means without screw-thread for preventing relative axial movement
of a pin, spigot, shaft, or the like and a member surrounding it;
Stud-and-socket releasable fastenings without screw-thread
F16B21/06 Releasable fastening devices with snap action
F16C Shafts; Flexible shafts; Elements of crankshaft mechanisms; Rotary
bodies other than gearing elements; Bearings
F16C3/00 Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
F16C3/02 Shafts; Axles
F16C11/00 Pivots; Pivotal connections
F16C11/06 Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular
freedom, i.e. universal joints
F16C13/00 Rolls, drums, discs, or the like; Bearings or mountings therefor
F16C13/02 Bearings
F16C15/00 Construction of rotary bodies to resist centrifugal force
F16C19/00 Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
F16C19/02 With bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more
circular rows
F16C19/22 With bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more
circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
F16C32/00 Bearings not otherwise provided for
F16C32/04 Using magnetic or electric supporting means
F16D Couplings for transmitting rotation; Clutches; Brakes
F16D3/00 Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between
the connected parts during the drive
F16D3/16 Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or
sliding or rolling connecting parts
F16F Springs; Shock-absorbers; Means for damping vibration
F16F1/00 Springs
F16F7/00 Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
F16F15/00 Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for

avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
F16G Belts, cables, or ropes, predominantly used for driving purposes;
Chains; Fittings predominantly used therefor
F16G1/00 Driving-belts
F16G9/00 Ropes or cables specially adapted for driving, or for being driven
by, pulleys or other gearing elements
F16G13/00 Chains
F16H Gearing
F16H9/00 Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for
reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
F16H15/00 Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for
reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
F16H15/04 Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
F16H25/00 Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-
and-nut mechanisms
F16H25/22 With balls, rollers, or similar members between the co-operating
parts; Elements essential to the use of such members
F16H53/00 Cams or cam-followers, e.g. rollers for gearing mechanisms
F16H55/00 Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion;
Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
F16H55/17 Toothed wheels
F16H55/36 Pulleys
F16H57/00 General details of gearing
F16H57/05 Of chains
F16H59/00 Control inputs to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for
conveying rotary motion
F16H59/14 Inputs being a function of torque or torque demand
F16H61/00 Control functions within change-speed- or reversing-gearings for
conveying rotary motion
F16H61/14 Control of torque converter lock-up clutches
F16J Pistons; Cylinders; Pressure vessels in general; Sealings
F16J1/00 Pistons; Trunk pistons; Plungers
F16J3/00 Diaphragms; Bellows; Bellows pistons
F16J10/00 Engine or like cylinders; Features of hollow, e.g. cylindrical, bodies
in general
F16J12/00 Pressure vessels in general

F16J15/00 Sealings
F16J15/06 With solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
F16K Valves; Taps; Cocks; Actuating-floats; Devices for venting or
aerating
F16K99/00 Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
F16L Pipes; Joints or fittings for pipes; Supports for pipes, cables or
protective tubing; Means for thermal insulation in general
F16L3/00 Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers,
holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets
F16L3/26 specially adapted for supporting the pipes all along their length, e.g.
pipe channels or ducts
F16L11/00 Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
F16L23/00 Flanged joints
F16L59/00 Thermal insulation in general
F16M Frames, casings, or beds, of engines or other machines or
apparatus, not specific to an engine, machine, or apparatus
provided for elsewhere; Stands or supports
F16N Lubricating
F16P Safety devices in general
F16S Constructional elements in general; Structures built-up from such
elements, in general
F16S1/00 Sheets, panels, or other members of similar proportions;
Constructions comprising assemblies of such members
F17 Storing or distributing gases or liquids
F17C Vessels for containing or storing compressed, liquefied, or solidified
gases; Fixed-capacity gas-holders; Filling vessels with, or
discharging from vessels, compressed, liquefied, or solidified gases
F17C1/00 Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
F17D Pipe-line systems; Pipe-lines
F17D1/00 Pipe-line systems
F21 Lighting
F21K Light sources not otherwise provided for
F21K2/00 Light sources using luminescence
F21K2/06 using chemiluminescence
F21L Lighting devices or systems thereof, being portable or specially

adapted for transportation
F21S Non-portable lighting devices or systems thereof
F21S11/00 Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight
F21W Indexing scheme associated with subclasses F21L, F21S and
F21V, realting to uses or applications of lighting devices or systems
F21W131/00 Uses or applications of lighting devices or systems not provided for
in groups F21W101-F21W121
F21Y Indexing scheme associated with subclasses F21L, F21S and
F21V, relating to the form of the light sources
F21Y101/02 Miniature, e.g. light emitting diodes (LED)
F22 Steam generation
F22B Methods of steam generation; Steam boilers
F22B33/00 Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different
types in mutual association
F23 Combustion apparatus; Combustion processes
F23G Cremation furnaces; Consuming waste by combustion
F23G5/00 Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details,
accessories or control therefor
F23G7/00 Incinerators or other apparatus specially adapted for consuming
specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals
F23J Removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion
residues; Flues
F23J15/00 Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
F23Q Ignition; Extinguishing devices
F23Q3/00 Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
F23Q5/00 Make-and-break ignition, i.e. with spark generated between
electrodes by breaking contact therebetween
F23Q7/00 Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g.
lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
F24 Heating; Ranges; Ventilating
F24B Domestic stoves or ranges for solid fuels; Implements for use in
connection with stoves or ranges
F24C Other domestic stoves or ranges; Details of domestic stoves or
ranges, of general application
F24C7/00 Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
F24C7/02 Using microwaves

F24D Domestic- or space-heating systems, e.g. central heating systems;
Domestic hot-water supply systems; Elements or components
therefor
F24D10/00 District heating systems
F24D13/00 Electric heating systems
F24D13/02 Solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
F24F Air-conditioning; Air-humidification; Ventilation; Use of air currents
for screening
F24F3/00 Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is
supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the
rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment;
Apparatus specially designed for such systems
F24F3/16 By purification, e.g. by filtering; By sterilisation; By ozonisation
F24F7/00 Ventilation
F24J Production or use of heat not otherwise provided for
F24J2/00 Use of solar heat, e.g. solar heat collectors
F24J2/06 Having concentrating elements
F24J3/00 Other production or use of heat, not derived from combustion
F24J3/06 using natural heat
F24J3/08 using geothermal heat (devices for producing mechanical power
from geothermal energy F03G04)
F25 Refrigeration or cooling; Combined heating and refrigeration
systems; Heat pump systems; Manufacture or storage of ice;
Liquefaction or solidification of gases
F25B Refrigeration machines, plants, or systems; Combined heating and
refrigeration systems; Heat pump systems
F25B9/00 Compression machines, plant, or systems, in which the refrigerant
is air or other gas of low boiling point
F25B9/02 Using joule-thompson effect; Using vortex effect
F25B21/00 Machines, plant, or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
F25B30/00 Heat pumps
F25D Refrigerators; Cold rooms; Ice-boxes; Cooling or freezing apparatus
not covered by any other subclass
F25J Liquefaction, solidification, or separation of gases or gaseous
mixtures by pressure and cold treatment
F26 Drying
F26B Drying solid materials or objects by removing liquid therefrom
F27 Furnaces; Kilns; Ovens; Retorts
F27B Furnaces, kilns, ovens, or retorts in general; Open sintering or like
apparatus
F27B1/00 Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
F27B3/00 Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc
furnaces
F27D Details or accessories of furnaces, kilns, ovens, or retorts, in so far
as they are of kinds occurring in more than one kind of furnace
F27D11/00 Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
F27D11/02 Ohmic resistance heating
F27D11/08 Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
F28 Heat exchange in general
F28B Steam or vapour condensers
F28C Heat-exchange apparatus, not provided for in another subclass, in
which the heat-exchange media come into direct contact without
chemical interaction
F28C1/00 Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
F28D Heat-exchange apparatus, not provided for in another subclass, in
which the heat-exchange media do not come into direct contact;
Heat storage plants or apparatus in general
F28D15/00 Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer
medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls
F28D15/02 In which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat-pipes
F28D20/00 Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-
exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or
F28D19/00
F28F Details of heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus, of general
application
F41 Weapons
F41A Functional features or details common to both smallarms and
ordnance, e.g. cannons; Mountings for smallarms or ordnance
F41A1/00 Missile propulsion characterised by the use of explosive or
combustible propellant charges
F41B Weapons for projecting missiles without use of explosive or

combustible propellant charge; Weapons not otherwise provided for
F41B6/00 Electromagnetic launchers
F41G Weapon sights; Aiming
F41G7/00 Direction control systems for self-propelled missiles
F41H Armour; Armoured turrets; Armoured or armed vehicles; Means of
attack or defence, e.g. camouflage, in general
F41H3/00 Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
F41H5/00 Armour; Armour plates
F41H7/00 Armoured or armed vehicles
F42 Ammunition; Blasting
F42B Explosive charges, e.g. for blasting; Fireworks; Ammunition
F42C Ammunition fuzes; Arming or safety means therefor
F42C19/00 Details of fuzes
F42C19/08 Primers (initiators for blasting cartridges F42B03/10); Detonators
G Section G - Physics
G01 Measuring; Testing
G01B Measuring length, thickness or similar linear dimensions; Measuring
angles; Measuring areas; Measuring irregularities of surfaces or
contours
G01B3/00 Instruments as specified in the subgroups and characterised by the
use of mechanical measuring means
G01B3/16 Compasses, i.e. with a pair of pivoted arms
G01B3/18 Micrometers
G01B5/00 Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical
means
G01B5/008 Using coordinate measuring machines
G01B7/00 Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or
magnetic means
G01B7/16 For measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain
gauge
G01B9/00 Instruments as specified in the subgroups and characterised by the
use of optical measuring means
G01B9/02 Interferometers
G01B9/021 Using holographic techniques
G01B9/04 Measuring microscopes
G01B9/10 Goniometers for measuring angles between surfaces

G01B11/00 Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical means
G01B17/00 Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic,
sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
G01C Measuring distances, levels or bearings; Surveying; Navigation;
Gyroscopic instruments; Photogrammetry or videogrammetry
G01C1/00 Measuring angles
G01C3/00 Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
G01C5/00 Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight;
Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
G01C11/00 Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry;
Photographic surveying
G01C17/00 Compasses; Devices for ascertaining true or magnetic north for
navigation or surveying purposes
G01C19/00 Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices with vibrating masses; Turn-
sensitive devices without moving masses
G01C19/72 With counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser
gyrometers
G01C21/00 Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups
G01C1/00 to G01C19/00
G01C21/08 involving use of the magnetic field of the earth
G01C21/10 By using measurement of speed or acceleration
G01C21/12 executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
G01C21/16 by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
G01C21/24 Specially adapted for cosmonautical navigation
G01C25/00 Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or
devices referred to in the other groups of this subclass
G01D Measuring not specially adapted for a specific variable;
Arrangements for measuring two or more variables not covered by
a single other subclass; Tariff metering apparatus; Measuring or
testing not otherwise provided for
G01D4/00 Tariff metering apparatus
G01D7/00 Indicating measured values
G01D9/00 Recording measured values
G01D18/00 Testing or calibrating of apparatus or arrangements provided for in
groups G01D1/00 to G01D15/00
G01F Measuring volume, volume flow, mass flow, or liquid level; Metering
by volume
G01G Weighing
G01G3/00 Weighing apparatus characterised by the use of elastically-
deformable members, e.g. spring balances
G01G3/12 wherein the weighing element is in the form of a solid body stressed
by pressure or tension during weighing
G01G3/13 having piezo-electric or piezo-resistive properties
G01H Measurement of mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or
infrasonic waves
G01H5/00 Measuring propagation velocity of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic
waves
G01J Measurement of intensity, velocity, spectral content, polarisation,
phase or pulse characteristics of infra-red, visible or ultra-violet
light; Colorimetry; Radiation pyrometry
G01J1/00 Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
G01J1/08 Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for photometry
G01J3/00 Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring
colours
G01J3/12 Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
G01J3/46 Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g.
colorimeters
G01J3/51 Using colour filters
G01J4/00 Measuring polarisation of light
G01J5/00 Radiation pyrometry
G01J7/00 Measuring velocity of light
G01K Measuring temperature; Measuring quantity of heat; Thermally-
sensitive elements not otherwise provided for
G01K7/00 Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic
elements directly sensitive to heat
G01K7/02 Using thermo-electric elements, e.g. thermo-couples
G01K7/16 Using resistive elements
G01K17/00 Measuring quantity of heat
G01L Measuring force, stress, torque, work, mechanical power,
mechanical efficiency, or fluid pressure
G01L1/00 Measuring force or stress, in general
G01L3/00 Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical

efficiency, in general
G01N Investigating or analysing materials by determining their chemical
or physical properties
G01N3/00 Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of
mechanical stress
G01N3/08 By applying steady tensile or compressive forces
G01N3/18 Performing tests at high or low temperatures
G01N3/30 By applying a single impulsive force
G01N3/32 By applying repeated or pulsating forces
G01N3/40 Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
G01N3/42 by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g.
sphere, pyramid
G01N3/56 Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
G01N9/00 Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing
materials by determining density or specific gravity
G01N17/00 Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or
to light
G01N21/00 Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e.
using infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet light
G01N21/88 Investigating the presence of flaws, defects or contamination
G01N22/00 Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves
G01N23/00 Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle
radiation not covered by group g01n0021000000 or
g01n0022000000, e.g. x-rays, neutrons
G01N24/00 Investigating or analysing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic
resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
G01N27/00 Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-
chemical, or magnetic means
G01N27/26 By investigating electrochemical variables; By using electrolysis or
electrophoresis
G01N27/90 Using eddy currents
G01N29/00 Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic
or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by
transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
G01N29/14 Using acoustic emission techniques
G01N30/00 Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components

using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-
exchange, e.g. chromatography
G01N33/00 Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not
covered by groups g01n0001000000 to g01n0031000000
G01N33/48 Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
G01P Measuring linear or angular speed, acceleration, deceleration, or
shock; Indicating presence, absence, or direction, of movement
G01P1/00 Details of instruments
G01P3/00 Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear
or angular speeds
G01P3/36 Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infra-
red, visible, or ultra-violet light
G01P5/00 Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of
bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
G01P5/02 By measuring forces exerted by the fluid on solid bodies, e.g.
anemometer
G01P7/00 Measuring speed by integrating acceleration
G01P15/00 Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock,
i.e. sudden change of acceleration
G01Q Scanning-probe techniques or apparatus; applications of scanning-
probe techniques, e.g. Scanning-Probe Microscopy [SPM]
G01Q60/00 Particular types of SPM [Scanning-Probe Microscopy] or apparatus
therefor; Essential components thereof
G01Q60/04 STM [Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy] combined with AFM [Atomic
Force Microscopy]
G01Q60/10 STM [Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy] or apparatus therefor, e.g.
STM probes
G01Q60/12 STS [Scanning Tunnelling Spectroscopy]
G01Q60/18 SNOM [Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy] or apparatus
therefor, e.g. SNOM probes
G01Q60/24 AFM [Atomic Force Microscopy] or apparatus therefor, e.g. AFM
probes
G01Q60/50 MFM [Magnetic Force Microscopy] or apparatus therefor, e.g. MFM
probes
G01R Measuring electric variables; Measuring magnetic variables
G01R3/00 Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of

measuring instruments
G01R5/00 Instruments for converting a single current or a single voltage into a
mechanical displacement
G01R11/00 Electromechanical arrangements for measuring time integral of
electric power or current, e.g. of consumption
G01R11/32 Watt-hour meters
G01R13/00 Arrangements for displaying electric variables or waveforms
G01R13/20 Cathode-ray oscilloscopes
G01R17/00 Measuring arrangements involving comparison with a reference
value, e.g. bridge
G01R19/00 Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating
presence or sign thereof
G01R19/25 Using digital measurement techniques
G01R21/00 Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
G01R22/00 Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or
current, e.g. electricity meters
G01R22/06 By electronic methods
G01R22/10 using digital techniques
G01R23/00 Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for
analysing frequency spectra
G01R23/16 Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
G01R27/00 Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or
electric characteristics derived therefrom
G01R27/26 Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g.
by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring
dielectric constants
G01R29/00 Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not
covered by groups g01r0019000000 to g01r0027000000
G01R29/10 Radiation diagrams of aerials
G01R29/24 Arrangements for measuring quantities of charge
G01R31/00 Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for
locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing
characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
G01R31/02 Testing of electric apparatus, lines, or components for short-circuits,
discontinuities, leakage, or incorrect line connection
G01R31/08 Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks

G01R31/12 Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage
G01R31/24 Testing of discharge tubes
G01R31/26 Testing of individual semiconductor devices
G01R31/28 Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
G01R31/302 Contactless testing (non contact-making probes G01R01/07)
G01R31/317 Testing of digital circuits
G01R31/3181 Functional testing
G01R31/3183 Generation of test inputs, e.g. test vectors, patterns or sequences
G01R31/3187 Built-in tests
G01R31/327 Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
G01R31/34 Testing dynamo-electric machines
G01R31/36 Apparatus for testing electrical condition of accumulators or electric
batteries, e.g. capacity or charge condition
G01R33/00 Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
G01R33/035 Using superconductive devices
G01R33/04 Using the flux-gate principle
G01R33/20 Involving magnetic resonance
G01R33/44 Using nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr)
G01R33/46 NMR spectroscopy
G01R33/465 applied to biological material, e.g. ; in vitro testing
G01R33/48 Nmr imaging systems
G01R33/60 Using electron paramagnetic resonance
G01S Radio direction-finding; Radio navigation; Determining distance or
velocity by use of radio waves; Locating or presence-detecting by
use of the reflection or reradiation of radio waves; Analogous
arrangements using other waves
G01S3/00 Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic,
sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission,
not having a directional significance, are being received
G01S3/02 Using radio waves
G01S5/00 Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line
determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more
distance determinations
G01S5/02 Using radio waves
G01S11/00 Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or

reradiation
G01S13/00 Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g.
radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of
waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
G01S13/66 Radar-tracking systems; Analogous systems
G01S13/88 Radar or analogous systems, specially adapted for specific
applications (electromagnetic prospecting or detecting of objects,
e.g. near-field detection, G01V03)
G01S13/89 for mapping or imaging
G01S13/90 using synthetic aperture techniques
G01S13/95 for meteorological use
G01S15/00 Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g.
sonar systems
G01S15/66 Sonar tracking systems
G01S15/88 Sonar systems, specially adapted for specific applications (seismic
or acoustic prospecting or detecting G01V01)
G01S17/00 Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic
waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
G01S17/66 Tracking systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio
waves
G01S19/00 Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position,
velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
G01S19/01 Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-
stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System],
GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or
GALILEO
G01T Measurement of nuclear or x-radiation
G01T1/00 Measuring x-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or
cosmic radiation
G01T1/02 Dosimeters
G01T1/10 Luminescent dosimeters
G01T1/15 Instruments in which pulses generated by a radiation detector are
integrated, e.g. by a diode pump circuit
G01T1/16 Measuring radiation intensity
G01T1/161 Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. ; in vivo counting
G01T1/164 Scintigraphy
G01T1/167 Measuring radioactive content of objects, e.g. contamination
(whole-body counters G01T011/63)
G01T1/17 Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular type of detector
G01T1/172 with coincidence circuit arrangements
G01T1/18 with counting-tube arrangements, e.g. with Geiger counters (tubes
H01J47)
G01T1/185 with ionisation-chamber arrangements
G01T1/20 with scintillation detectors
G01T1/202 the detector being a crystal
G01T1/203 the detector being made of plastics
G01T1/204 the detector being a liquid
G01T1/205 the detector being a gas
G01T1/22 with Cerenkov detectors
G01T1/24 with semiconductor detectors
G01T1/29 Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or
section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
G01T1/30 Measuring half-life of a radioactive substance
G01T1/32 Measuring polarisation of particles
G01T3/00 Measuring neutron radiation
G01T3/04 using calorimetric devices
G01T3/06 with scintillation detectors
G01T3/08 with semiconductor detectors
G01T5/00 Recording of movements or tracks of particles; Processing or
analysis of such tracks
G01T5/02 Processing of tracks; Analysis of tracks
G01T5/06 Bubble chambers
G01T5/08 Scintillation chambers (discharge tubes H01J40, H01J47)
G01T5/10 Plates or blocks in which tracks of nuclear particles are made
visible by after-treatment, e.g. using photographic emulsion, using
mica
G01T5/12 Circuit arrangements with multi-wire or parallel-plate chambers, e.g.
spark chambers (tubes per se H01J47)
G01V Geophysics; Gravitational measurements; Detecting masses or
objects; Tags
G01V1/00 Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
G01V1/02 Generating seismic energy

G01V1/16 Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or
adaptations of receiving elements
G01V1/40 Specially adapted for well-logging
G01V3/00 Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic
field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation
G01V3/18 Specially adapted for well-logging
G01V7/00 Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or
detecting
G01W Meteorology
G01W1/00 Meteorology
G01W1/10 Devices for predicting weather conditions
G01W1/11 Devices for indicating atmospheric humidity
G02 Optics
G02B Optical elements, systems, or apparatus
G02B1/00 Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are
made; Optical coatings for optical elements
G02B1/02 made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semiconductors
G02B1/04 Made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
G02B1/10 Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of,
optical elements
G02B1/11 Anti-reflection coatings
G02B3/00 Simple or compound lenses
G02B5/00 Optical elements other than lenses
G02B5/04 Prisms
G02B5/08 Mirrors
G02B5/12 Reflex reflectors
G02B5/18 Diffracting gratings
G02B5/20 Filters
G02B5/28 Interference filters
G02B5/30 Polarising elements
G02B5/32 Holograms used as optical elements
G02B6/00 Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light
guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
G02B6/02 Optical fibre with cladding
G02B6/10 Of the optical waveguide type
G02B6/12 Of the integrated circuit kind

G02B6/24 Coupling light guides
G02B6/42 Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
G02B21/00 Microscopes
G02B23/00 Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing
the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting
devices
G02B27/00 Other optical systems; Other optical apparatus
G02B27/01 Head-up displays
G02B27/10 Beam splitting or combining systems
G02B27/18 For optical projection, e.g. combination of mirror and condenser and
objective
G02B27/28 For polarising
G02B27/30 Collimators
G02B27/40 Optical focusing aids
G02B27/42 Diffraction optics
G02B27/60 Systems using moire fringes
G02F Devices or arrangements, the optical operation of which is modified
by changing the optical properties of the medium of the devices or
arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase,
polarisation or direction of light, e.g. switching, gating, modulating
or demodulating; Techniques or procedures for the operation
thereof; Frequency-changing; Non-linear optics; Optical logic
elements; Optical analogue/digital converters
G02F1/00 Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour,
phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent
light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
G02F1/01 For the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
G02F1/09 based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
G02F1/11 based on acousto-optical elements, e.g. using variable diffraction
by sound or like mechanical waves (acousto-optical deflection
G02F01/33)
G02F1/13 Based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
G02F1/133 Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells;
Circuit arrangements (arrangements or circuits for control of liquid
crystal elements in a matrix, not structurally associated with these

elements G09G03/36)
G02F1/1333 Constructional arrangements
G02F1/1337 Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by
alignment layers
G02F1/137 characterised by a particular electro- or magneto-optical effect, e.g.
field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host
interaction, dynamic scattering
G02F1/15 based on electrochromic elements
G02F1/167 based on electrophoresis
G02F1/29 For the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e.
deflection
G02F1/33 Acousto-optical deflection devices
G02F1/35 Non-linear optics
G02F1/37 for second-harmonic generation
G02F2/00 Demodulating light; Transferring the modulation of modulated light;
Frequency-changing of light
G02F2/02 Frequency-changing of light, e.g. by quantum counters
G02F3/00 Optical logic elements; Optical bistable devices
G02F3/02 Optical bistable devices
G03 Photography; Cinematography; Analogous techniques using waves
other than optical waves; Electrography; Holography
G03B Apparatus or arrangements for taking photographs or for projecting
or viewing them; Apparatus or arrangements employing analogous
techniques using waves other than optical waves; Accessories
therefor
G03B3/00 Focusing arrangements of general interest for cameras, projectors
or printers
G03B7/00 Control of exposure by setting shutters, diaphragms, or filters
separately or conjointly
G03B9/00 Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
G03B11/00 Filters or other obturators specially adapted for photographic
purposes
G03B17/00 Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
G03B19/00 Cameras
G03B21/00 Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
G03B31/00 Associated working of cameras or projectors with sound-recording

or -reproducing means
G03B39/00 High-speed photography
G03C Photosensitive materials for photographic purposes; Photographic
processes, e.g. cine, x-ray, colour, stereo-photographic processes;
Auxiliary processes in photography
G03C1/00 Photosensitive materials
G03C1/08 Sensitivity-increasing substances
G03C5/00 Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such
processing agents
G03C5/02 Sensitometric processes, e.g. determining sensitivity, colour
sensitivity, gradation, graininess, density; Making sensitometric
wedges
G03F Photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g.
for printing, for processing of semiconductor devices; Materials
therefor; Originals therefor; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
G03F1/00 Preparation of originals for the photomechanical production of
textured or patterned surfaces
G03F1/26 Phase shift masks [PSM]; PSM blanks; Preparation thereof
G03F7/00 Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or
patterned surfaces, e.g. printed surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g.
comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
G03F7/004 Photosensitive materials
G03F7/20 Exposure; Apparatus therefor
G03G Electrography; Electrophotography; Magnetography
G03G15/00 Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
G03H Holographic processes or apparatus
G03H3/00 Holographic processes or apparatus using ultrasonic, sonic, or
infrasonic waves for obtaining holograms; Processes or apparatus
for obtaining an optical image from them
G04 Horology
G04F Time-interval measuring
G04F5/00 Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing
standards
G04F5/14 using atomic clocks
G04F10/00 Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by electric means
G05 Controlling; Regulating

G05B Control or regulating systems in general; Functional elements of
such systems; Monitoring or testing arrangements for such systems
or elements
G05B13/00 Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting
themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to
some preassigned criterion
G05B13/04 Involving the use of models or simulators
G05B15/00 Systems controlled by a computer
G05B17/00 Systems involving the use of models or simulators of said systems
G05B19/00 Programme-control systems
G05B19/05 Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic
interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function
charts
G05B19/18 Numerical control (nc), i.e. automatically operating machines, in
particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as
to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by
means of programme data in numerical form
G05B19/4097 Characterised by using design data to control nc machines, e.g.
cad/cam
G05B19/418 Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines,
e.g. direct or distributed numerical control (dnc), flexible
manufacturing systems (fms), integrated manufacturing systems
(ims), computer integrated manufacturing (cim)
G05D Systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables
G05D1/00 Control of position, course, altitude, or attitude of land, water, air, or
space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
G05D1/08 Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw
G05D3/00 Control of position or direction
G05D7/00 Control of flow
G05D9/00 Level control, e.g. controlling quantity of material stored in vessel
G05D13/00 Control of linear speed; Control of angular speed; Control of
acceleration or deceleration, e.g. of a prime mover
G05D15/00 Control of mechanical force or stress; Control of mechanical
pressure
G05D17/00 Control of torque; Control of mechanical power
G05D19/00 Control of mechanical oscillations, e.g. of amplitude, of frequency,

of phase
G05D21/00 Control of chemical or physico-chemical variables, e.g. ph-value
G05D22/00 Control of humidity
G05D23/00 Control of temperature
G05D25/00 Control of light, e.g. intensity, colour, phase
G05F Systems for regulating electric or magnetic variables
G05F1/00 Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from
one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the
system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the
detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e.
retroactive systems
G05F1/10 Regulating voltage or current
G05F1/12 wherein the variable is actually regulated by the final control device
is ac
G05F1/66 Regulating electric power
G05F1/67 to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar
cell
G05F1/70 Regulating power factor; Regulating reactive current or power
G05F7/00 Regulating magnetic variables
G05G Control devices or systems insofar as characterised by mechanical
features only
G06 Computing; Calculating; Counting
G06E Optical computing devices
G06F Electric digital data processing
G06F1/00 Details not covered by groups g06f0003000000 to g06f0013000000
and g06f0021000000
G06F1/02 Digital function generators
G06F1/04 Generating or distributing clock signals or signals derived directly
therefrom
G06F1/26 Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
G06F1/32 Means for saving power
G06F3/00 Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a
form capable of being handled by the computer; Output
arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output
unit, e.g. interface arrangements
G06F3/01 Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for

interaction between user and computer
G06F3/02 Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using
keyboards or dials
G06F3/033 Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice,
trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
G06F3/048 Interaction techniques for graphical user interfaces, e.g. interaction
with windows, icons or menus
G06F3/06 Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers
G06F3/08 From or to individual record carriers, e.g. punched card
G06F3/12 Digital output to print unit
G06F3/13 Digital output to plotter
G06F3/14 Digital output to display device
G06F7/00 Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon
the order or content of the data handled
G06F7/06 Arrangements for sorting, selecting, merging, or comparing data on
individual record carriers
G06F7/08 Sorting, i.e. grouping record carriers in numerical or other ordered
sequence according to the classification of at least some of the
information they carry (by merging two or more sets of carriers in
ordered sequence G06F07/16)
G06F7/38 Methods or arrangements for performing computations using
exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using
binary, ternary, decimal representation
G06F7/58 Random or pseudo-random number generators
G06F7/60 Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a
digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number
representation without radix; Computing devices using
combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity
representations
G06F7/72 using residue arithmetic
G06F9/00 Arrangements for programme control, e.g. control unit
G06F9/22 Micro-control or micro-programme arrangements
G06F9/44 Arrangements for executing specific programmes
G06F9/445 Programme loading or initiating
G06F9/45 Compilation or interpretation of high level programme languages
G06F9/455 Emulation; Software simulation

G06F9/46 Multiprogramming arrangements
G06F9/50 Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit (CPU)
G06F11/00 Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
G06F11/25 Testing of logic operation, e.g. by logic analysers
G06F11/34 Recording or statistical evaluation of computer activity, e.g. of down
time, of input/output operation
G06F11/36 Preventing errors by testing or debugging of software
G06F12/00 Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or
architectures
G06F12/02 Addressing or allocation; Relocation
G06F12/08 In hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory
systems
G06F13/00 Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals
between, memories, input/output devices or central processing
units
G06F15/00 Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
G06F15/16 Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least
an arithmetic unit, a programme unit and a register, e.g. for a
simultaneous processing of several programmes
G06F15/18 In which a programme is changed according to experience gained
by the computer itself during a complete run; Learning machines
G06F15/76 Architectures of general purpose stored programme computers
G06F17/00 Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods,
specially adapted for specific functions
G06F17/10 Complex mathematical operations
G06F17/20 Handling natural language data
G06F17/21 Text processing
G06F17/27 Automatic analysis, e.g. parsing, orthograph correction
G06F17/28 Processing or translating of natural language
G06F17/30 Information retrieval; Database structures therefor
G06F17/40 Data acquisition and logging
G06F17/50 Computer-aided design
G06F19/00 Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods,
specially adapted for specific applications
G06F19/10 Bioinformatics, i.e. methods or systems for genetic or protein-

related data processing in computational molecular biology (in silico
methods of screening virtual chemical libraries C40B30/02 in silico
or mathematical methods of creating virtual chemical libraries
C40B50/02)
G06F19/24 for machine learning, data mining or biostatistics, e.g. pattern
finding, knowledge discovery, rule extraction, correlation, clustering
or classification
G06F19/28 for programming tools or database systems, e.g. ontologies,
heterogeneous data integration, data warehousing or computing
architectures
G06F21/00 Security arrangements for protecting computers or computer
systems against unauthorised activity
G06G Analogue computers
G06J Hybrid computing arrangements
G06K Recognition of data; Presentation of data; Record carriers; Handling
record carriers
G06K1/00 Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital
fashion
G06K7/00 Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers
G06K7/10 By electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; By corpuscular
radiation
G06K9/00 Methods or arrangements for reading or recognising printed or
written characters or for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints
G06K15/00 Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the
output data
G06K19/00 Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part
designed to carry digital markings
G06K19/067 Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or
semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards
G06K19/07 With integrated circuit chips
G06K21/00 Information retrieval from punched cards designed for manual use
or handling by machine; Apparatus for handling such cards, e.g.
marking or correcting
G06N Computer systems based on specific computational models
G06N3/00 Computer systems based on biological models
G06N5/00 Computer systems utilizing knowledge based models

G06N5/02 Knowledge representation
G06N5/04 Inference methods or devices
G06N7/00 Computer systems based on specific mathematical models
G06N7/02 using fuzzy logic (for adaptive control G05B13)
G06Q Data processing systems or methods, specially adapted for
administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or
forecasting purposes; Systems or methods specially adapted for
administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or
forecasting purposes, not otherwise provided for
G06Q10/00 Administration, e.g. office automation or reservations; Management,
e.g. resource or project management
G06Q10/02 Reservations, e.g. for tickets, services or events
G06Q10/08 Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading, distribution or shipping;
Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or
balancing against orders
G06Q10/10 Office automation, e.g. computer aided management of electronic
mail or groupware (electronic mail network systems H04L12/58;
electronic mail protocols H04L29/06); Time management, e.g.
calendars, reminders, meetings or time accounting
G06Q20/00 Payment schemes, architectures or protocols
G06Q20/04 Payment circuits
G06Q20/22 Payment schemes or models
G06Q20/26 Debit schemes, i.e. "pay now"
G06Q20/30 characterised by the use of specific devices
G06Q20/34 using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
G06Q20/36 using electronic wallets or electronic money safes
G06Q30/00 Commerce, e.g. marketing, shopping, billing, auctions or e-
commerce
G06Q30/02 Marketing, e.g. market research and analysis, surveying,
promotions, advertising, buyer profiling, customer management or
rewards; Price estimation or determination
G06Q30/04 Billing or invoicing
G06Q40/00 Finance, e.g. banking, investment or tax processing; Insurance, e.g.
risk analysis or pensions
G06Q40/02 Banking, e.g. interest calculation, credit approval, mortgages, home

banking or on-line banking
G06Q40/04 Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or acurrency
exchange
G06Q40/08 Insurance, e.g. risk analysis or pensions
G06Q50/00 Systems or methods specially adapted for a specific business
sector, e.g. health care, utilities, tourism or legal services
G06Q50/04 Manufacturing
G06Q50/06 Electricity, gas or water supply
G06Q50/10 Services
G06Q50/18 Legal services; Handling legal documents
G06Q50/20 Education
G06Q50/22 Health care, e.g. hospitals; Social work
G06Q50/24 Patient record management (processing of medical or biological
data for scientific purposes G06F19)
G06Q50/26 Government or public services
G06Q50/28 Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading, distribution or shipping
G06T Image data processing or generation, in general
G06T1/00 General purpose image data processing
G06T1/20 Processor architectures; Processor configuration, e.g. pipelining
G06T5/00 Image enhancement or restoration, e.g. from bit-mapped to bit-
mapped creating a similar image
G06T5/30 Erosion or dilatation, e.g. thinning
G06T7/00 Image analysis, e.g. from bit-mapped to non bit-mapped
G06T7/20 Analysis of motion
G06T7/40 Analysis of texture
G06T9/00 Image coding, e.g. from bit-mapped to non bit-mapped
G06T13/00 Animation effects in two dimensional (2d) images, e.g. using sprites
G06T15/00 Three dimensional (3d) image rendering, e.g. from a model to a bit-
mapped image
G06T15/70 Animation effects
G07 Checking-devices
G07F Coin-freed or like apparatus
G07F11/00 Coin-freed apparatus for dispensing, or the like, discrete articles
G07F19/00 Complete banking systems; Coded card-freed arrangements
adapted for dispensing or receiving monies or the like and posting
such transactions to existing accounts, e.g. automatic teller

machines
G08 Signalling
G08B Signalling or calling systems; Order telegraphs; Alarm systems
G08B17/00 Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
G08B17/10 Actuation by presence of smoke or gases
G08G Traffic control systems
G08G1/00 Traffic control systems for road vehicles
G08G1/09 Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
G08G3/00 Traffic control systems for marine craft
G08G5/00 Traffic control systems for aircraft
G08G5/06 for control when on the ground
G08G99/00 Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
G09 Educating; Cryptography; Display; Advertising; Seals
G09B Educational or demonstration appliances; Appliances for teaching,
or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute; Models; Planetaria;
Globes; Maps; Diagrams
G09B5/00 Electrically-operated educational appliances
G10 Musical instruments; Acoustics
G10H Electrophonic musical instruments
G10K Sound-producing devices; Acoustics not otherwise provided for
G10K1/00 Devices in which sound is produced by striking a resonating body,
e.g. bell, chimes, gong
G10K11/00 Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for
damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
G10K11/172 using resonance effects
G10L Speech analysis or synthesis; Speech recognition
G10L13/00 Speech synthesis; Text to speech systems
G10L15/00 Speech recognition
G10L15/28 Constructional details of speech recognition systems
G10L17/00 Speaker identification or verification
G10L19/00 Speech analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction,
e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech
G10L21/00 Processing of the speech signal to produce another audible or non-

audible signal, e.g. visual, tactile, in order to modify its quality or its
intelligibility
G10L21/02 Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
(reducing echo effects in line transmission systems H04B03/20;
echo suppression in hand-free telephones H04M09/08)
G11 Information storage
G11B Information storage based on relative movement between record
carrier and transducer
G11B5/00 Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier;
Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
G11B5/008 Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic tapes or
wires
G11B5/012 Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic discs
G11B5/09 Digital recording
G11B5/127 Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
G11B5/84 Processes or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing record
carriers
G11B7/00 Recording or reproducing by optical means, e.g. recording using a
thermal beam of optical radiation, reproducing using an optical
beam at lower power; Record carriers therefor
G11B7/002 Recording, reproducing or erasing systems characterised by the
shape of the carrier
G11B7/0037 with discs
G11B7/004 Recording, reproducing or erasing methods; Read, write or erase
circuits therefor
G11B7/0065 Recording, reproducing or erasing by using optical interference
patterns, e.g. holograms
G11B11/00 Recording on, or reproducing from, the same record carrier wherein
for these two operations the methods or means are covered by
different main groups of groups G11B3/00 to G11B7/00 or by
different subgroups of group G11B9/00; Record carriers therefor
G11B11/10 using recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation
G11B11/105 using a beam of light or a magnetic field for recording and a beam
of light for reproducing, e.g. light-induced thermo-magnetic
recording, Kerr effect reproducing
G11C Static stores

G11C11/00 Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or
magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
G11C11/02 Using magnetic elements
G11C11/22 Using ferroelectric elements
G11C11/34 Using semiconductor devices
G11C13/00 Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not
covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
G11C13/04 Using optical elements
G11C15/00 Digital stores in which information comprising one or more
characteristic parts is written into the store and in which information
is read-out by searching for one or more of these characteristic
parts, i.e. associative or content-addressed stores
G11C16/00 Erasable programmable read-only memories
G11C16/02 Electrically programmable
G11C17/00 Read-only memories programmable only once; Semi-permanent
stores, e.g. manually-replaceable information cards
G11C17/14 In which contents are determined by selectively establishing,
breaking or modifying connecting links by permanently altering the
state of coupling elements, e.g. prom
G11C27/00 Electric analogue stores, e.g. for storing instantaneous values
G12 Instrument details
G12B Details of instruments, or comparable details of other apparatus,
not otherwise provided for
G12B13/00 Calibrating of instruments or apparatus
G21 Nuclear physics; Nuclear engineering
G21B Fusion reactors
G21B1/00 Thermonuclear fusion reactors
G21B1/01 Hybrid fission-fusion nuclear reactors
G21B1/03 With inertial plasma confinement
G21B1/05 With magnetic or electric plasma confinement
G21B1/11 Details
G21B1/13 First wall; Blanket; Divertor
G21B1/15 Particle injectors for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions, e.g.
pellet injectors
G21B1/19 Targets for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions
G21B1/23 Optical systems, e.g. for irradiating targets, for heating plasma or
for plasma diagnostics
G21B1/25 Maintenance, e.g. repair or remote inspection
G21B3/00 Low-temperature nuclear fusion reactors, e.g. alleged cold fusion
reactors
G21C Nuclear reactors
G21C1/00 Reactors
G21C1/02 Fast fission reactors, i.e. reactors not using a moderator
G21C1/03 cooled by a coolant not essentially pressurised, e.g. pool-type
reactors
G21C1/04 Thermal reactors
G21C1/06 Heterogeneous reactors, i.e. in which fuel and moderator are
separated
G21C1/08 moderator being highly pressurised, e.g. boiling-water reactor,
integral-superheat reactor, pressurised-water reactor
G21C1/16 moderator and coolant being different or separated, e.g. sodium-
graphite reactor
G21C3/00 Reactor fuel elements or their assemblies; Selection of substances
for use as reactor fuel elements
G21C3/02 Fuel elements
G21C3/04 Constructional details
G21C3/06 Casings; Jackets
G21C5/00 Moderator or core structure; Selection of materials for use as
moderator
G21C7/00 Control of nuclear reaction
G21C9/00 Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with
the reactor
G21C11/00 Shielding structurally associated with the reactor
G21C13/00 Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
G21C15/00 Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the
core; Selection of specific coolants
G21C17/00 Monitoring; Testing
G21C19/00 Arrangements for treating, for handling, or for facilitating the
handling of, fuel or other materials which are used within the
reactor, e.g. within its pressure vessel
G21C19/42 Reprocessing of irradiated fuel
G21D Nuclear power plant

G21D3/00 Control of nuclear power plant
G21D3/04 Safety arrangements (emergency protection of reactor G21C09)
G21D3/08 Regulation of any parameters in the plant
G21D7/00 Arrangements for direct production of electric energy from fusion or
fission reactions
G21D7/04 using thermoelectric elements (structural combination of fuel
element with thermoelectric element G21C03/40)
G21F Protection against x-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular
radiation or particle bombardment; Treating radioactively
contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
G21F5/00 Transportable or portable shielded containers
G21F9/00 Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination
arrangements therefor
G21F9/20 Disposal of liquid waste
G21G Conversion of chemical elements; Radioactive sources
G21G1/00 Arrangements for converting chemical elements by electromagnetic
radiation, corpuscular radiation, or particle bombardment, e.g.
producing radioactive isotopes
G21G1/04 outside of nuclear reactors or particle accelerators
G21G1/06 by neutron irradiation
G21G1/12 by electromagnetic irradiation, e.g. with gamma or X-rays
(irradiation devices G21K05)
G21G4/00 Radioactive sources
G21G4/02 Neutron sources
G21G4/04 Radioactive sources other than neutron sources (radioactive
dressings A61M36/14)
G21H Obtaining energy from radioactive sources; Applications of radiation
from radioactive sources; Utilising cosmic radiation
G21H1/00 Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive
sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes
G21H1/02 Cells charged directly by beta radiation
G21H3/00 Arrangements for direct conversion of radiation energy from
radioactive sources into forms of energy other than electric energy,
e.g. light
G21J Nuclear explosives; Applications thereof
G21K Techniques for handling particles or electromagnetic radiation not

otherwise provided for; Irradiation devices; Gamma- or x-ray
microscopes
G21K1/00 Arrangements for handling radiation or particles, e.g. focusing,
moderating
G21K1/02 Using diaphragms, collimators
G21K1/04 using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
G21K1/08 Deviation, concentration, or focusing of the beam by electric or
magnetic means (electron-optical arrangements in electric
discharge tubes H01J29/46)
G21K1/093 by magnetic means
G21K7/00 Gamma- or x-ray microscopes
H Section H - Electricity
H01 Basic electric elements
H01B Cables; Conductors; Insulators; Selection of materials for their
conductive, insulating, or dielectric properties
H01B1/00 Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive
materials; Selection of materials as conductors
H01B3/00 Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating
materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric
properties
H01B3/02 Mainly consisting of inorganic substances
H01B3/12 Ceramics
H01B3/16 gases
H01B3/18 Mainly consisting of organic substances
H01B3/20 liquids, e.g. oils (silicone oils H01B03/46)
H01B3/30 Plastics; Resins; Waxes
H01B3/40 Epoxy resins
H01B3/46 Silicones
H01B5/00 Non-insulated conductors or conductive bodies characterised by
their form
H01B5/02 Single bars, rods, wires or strips; Bus-bars (aspects of connection
with their counterparts H01R25; bus-bar layouts H02B01/20;
installations of bus-bars H02G05)
H01B7/00 Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
H01B7/14 Submarine cables
H01B7/17 Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths

or armouring
H01B7/32 With arrangements for indicating defects, e.g. breaks, leaks
H01B9/00 Power cables
H01B9/06 Gas-pressure cables; Oil-pressure cables; Cables for use in
conduits under fluid pressure
H01B11/00 Communication cables or conductors
H01B11/02 Cables with twisted pairs or quads
H01B11/06 with means for reducing effects of electromagnetic or electrostatic
disturbances, e.g. screen (screening in general H05K09)
H01B11/18 Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner
conductor within a common outer conductor
H01B12/00 Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or
transmission lines
H01B17/00 Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
H01C Resistors
H01C7/00 Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings;
Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material
or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating
material
H01C7/10 Voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
H01C10/00 Adjustable resistors
H01F Magnets; Inductances; Transformers; Selection of materials for
their magnetic properties
H01F1/00 Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic
materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic
properties
H01F1/032 Of hard-magnetic materials
H01F1/10 non-metallic substances, e.g. ferrites
H01F1/12 Of soft-magnetic materials
H01F1/14 metals or alloys
H01F1/147 Alloys characterised by their composition
H01F1/153 Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
H01F1/40 Of magnetic semiconductor materials, e.g. cdcr2s4
H01F1/44 Of magnetic liquids, e.g. ferrofluids
H01F3/00 Cores, yokes, or armatures
H01F3/08 made from powder (powder coatings on sheets H01F03/02, on

strips or ribbons H01F03/04, on wires H01F03/06)
H01F5/00 Coils
H01F6/00 Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
H01F6/06 Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements
therefor
H01F7/00 Magnets
H01F7/02 Permanent magnets
H01F7/06 Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
H01F7/08 With armatures
H01F7/10 specially adapted for ac
H01F7/11 reducing or eliminating the effects of eddy currents
H01F10/00 Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
H01F10/08 Characterised by magnetic layers
H01F13/00 Apparatus or processes for magnetising or demagnetising
H01F27/00 Details of transformers or inductances, in general
H01F27/24 Magnetic cores
H01F27/28 Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
H01F29/00 Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group
h01f0021000000
H01F29/02 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or
interconnection of windings
H01F36/00 Transformers with superconductive windings or with windings
operating at cryogenic temperatures
H01F38/00 Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications
or functions
H01F38/14 Inductive couplings
H01F38/20 Instrument transformers
H01F38/22 For single phase ac
H01F38/24 Voltage transformers
H01F38/28 Current transformers
H01G Capacitors; Capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices,
light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices of the electrolytic
type
H01G4/00 Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
H01G4/12 Ceramic dielectrics
H01G4/33 Thin- or thick-film capacitors

H01G7/00 Capacitors in which the capacitance is varied by non-mechanical
means; Processes of their manufacture
H01G7/06 having a dielectric selected for the variation of its permitivity with
applied voltage, i.e. ferroelectric capacitors (electrets H01G07/02)
H01G9/00 Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-
sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their
manufacture
H01G9/16 Specially adapted for use as rectifiers or detectors
H01G9/20 Light-sensitive devices
H01H Electric switches; Relays; Selectors; Emergency protective devices
H01H7/00 Devices for introducing a predetermined time delay between the
initiation of the switching operation and the opening or closing of
the contacts
H01H9/00 Details of switching devices, not covered by groups
h01h0001000000 to h01h0007000000
H01H9/30 Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying
parts
H01H33/00 High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or
arc-preventing means
H01H33/66 Vacuum switches
H01H37/00 Thermally-actuated switches
H01H43/00 Time or time-programme switches providing a choice of time-
intervals for executing one or more switching actions and
automatically terminating their operation after the programme is
completed
H01H45/00 Details of relays
H01H50/00 Details of electromagnetic relays
H01H59/00 Electrostatic relays; Electro-adhesion relays
H01H71/00 Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups
H01H73/00 to H01H83/00
H01J Electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps
H01J1/00 Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of
the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic
types of discharge tubes or lamps
H01J1/02 Main electrodes
H01J1/13 Solid thermionic cathodes

H01J1/14 characterised by the material
H01J1/142 with alkaline-earth metal oxides, or such oxides used in conjunction
with reducing agents, as an emissive material
H01J1/34 Photo-emissive cathodes (photoelectric screens H01J01/78)
H01J11/00 Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the
vessel; Gas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode
outside the vessel
H01J11/10 AC-PDPs with at least one main electrode being out of contact with
the plasma
H01J13/00 Discharge tubes with liquid-pool cathodes, e.g. metal-vapour
rectifying tubes
H01J17/00 Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
H01J17/38 Cold-cathode tubes
H01J17/49 Display panels, e.g. with crossed electrodes
H01J17/50 Thermionic-cathode tubes
H01J21/00 Vacuum tubes
H01J23/00 Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group
H01J25/00
H01J23/16 Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance,
structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the
discharge
H01J23/24 Slow-wave structures
H01J25/00 Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes,
magnetrons
H01J25/02 Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a
modulator zone and thereafter giving-up energy in an inducing
zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
(tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
H01J0025340000)
H01J25/10 Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without
reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is
modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
H01J25/34 Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is
simulated at spaced gaps
H01J25/36 Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling

along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements,
and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-
field
H01J25/40 the backward-travelling wave being utilised
H01J25/42 Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling
along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements,
and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
(with travelling wave moving completely around the electron space
H01J0025500000)
H01J25/46 the backward-travelling wave being utilised
H01J25/50 Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field
crossing the E-field (with travelling wave not moving completely
around the electron space H01J25/42; functioning with plural
reflection or with reversed cyclotron action H01J25/62, H01J25/64)
H01J27/00 Ion beam tubes
H01J29/00 Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types
covered by group H01J31/00
H01J29/18 Luminescent screens
H01J29/48 Electron guns
H01J31/00 Cathode-ray tubes; Electron-beam tubes
H01J35/00 X-ray tubes
H01J37/00 Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to
be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or
processing thereof
H01J37/02 Details
H01J37/06 Electron sources; Electron guns
H01J37/10 Lenses
H01J37/12 electrostatic
H01J37/14 magnetic
H01J37/21 Means for adjusting the focus
H01J37/26 Electron or ion microscopes; Electron- or ion-diffraction tubes
H01J37/28 With scanning beams
H01J37/285 Emission microscopes, e.g. field-emission microscopes
H01J37/31 For cutting or drilling
H01J37/315 For welding
H01J37/317 For changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers
thereon, e.g. ion implantation
H01J43/00 Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
H01J43/04 Electron multipliers
H01J45/00 Discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators
H01J47/00 Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of
radiation or particles
H01J47/02 Ionisation chambers
H01J47/06 Proportional counter tubes
H01J47/08 Geiger-Muller counter tubes
H01J47/10 Spark counters (spark gaps H01T)
H01J47/14 Parallel electrode spark or streamer chambers; Wire spark or
streamer chambers
H01J49/00 Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
H01J49/02 Details
H01J49/06 Electron- or ion-optical arrangements
H01J49/26 Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
H01J49/34 Dynamic spectrometers
H01J49/36 Radio frequency spectrometers, e.g. Bennett-type spectrometers,
Redhead-type spectrometers
H01J49/40 Time-of-flight spectrometers
H01J61/00 Gas- or vapour-discharge lamps
H01J61/12 Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating
pressure or temperature
H01J61/18 having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
H01J61/20 mercury vapour
H01J61/68 Lamps in which the main discharge is between parts of a current-
carrying guide, e.g. halo lamp
H01J61/80 Lamps suitable only for intermittent operation, e.g. flash lamp
H01J61/84 Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure
H01J61/90 Lamps suitable only for intermittent operation, e.g. flash lamp
H01J65/00 Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least
one main electrode outside the vessel
H01K Electric incandescent lamps
H01L Semiconductor devices; Electric solid state devices not otherwise
provided for
H01L21/00 Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or

treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
H01L21/02 Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts
thereof
H01L21/027 Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further
photolithographic processing, not provided for in group; H01L21/18;
or H01L21/34
H01L21/04 the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface
barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer, carrier concentration layer
H01L21/18 the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of
the fourth group of the Periodic System or A; IIIBV compounds with
or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
H01L21/20 Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial
growth
H01L21/203 using physical deposition, e.g. vacuum deposition, sputtering
H01L21/205 using reduction or decomposition of a gaseous compound yielding
a solid condensate, i.e. chemical deposition
H01L21/208 using liquid deposition
H01L21/22 Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode
materials, into, or out of, a semiconductor body, or between
semiconductor regions; Redistribution of impurity materials, e.g.
without introduction or removal of further dopant
H01L21/30 Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus
not provided for in groups H01L21/20-H01L21/26; (manufacture of
electrodes thereon H01L21/28)
H01L21/302 to change the physical characteristics of their surfaces, or to
change their shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
H01L21/306 Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching (to form
insulating layers H01L21/31; after-treatment of insulating layers
H01L21/3105)
H01L21/3065 Plasma etching; Reactive-ion etching
H01L21/324 Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor
bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering
H01L21/70 Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid
state components or integrated circuits formed in or on a common
substrate or of specific parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated

circuit devices or of specific parts thereof
H01L21/71 Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group
H01L002/17; (H01L002/128, H01L002/144, H01L002/148 take
precedence)
H01L21/74 Making of buried regions of high impurity concentration, e.g. buried
collector layers, internal connections
H01L21/768 Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between
separate components within a device
H01L23/00 Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
H01L23/02 Containers; Seals
H01L23/28 Encapsulation, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings
H01L23/31 characterised by the arrangement
H01L23/34 Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature
compensation
H01L23/48 Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid
state body in operation, e.g. leads or terminal arrangements
H01L23/482 consisting of lead-in layers inseparably applied to the
semiconductor body
H01L23/488 consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
H01L23/498 Leads on insulating substrates
H01L23/52 Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in
operation from one component to another
H01L23/552 Protection against radiation, e.g. light
H01L27/00 Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-
state components formed in or on a common substrate
H01L27/082 Including bipolar components only
H01L27/085 Including field-effect components only
H01L27/088 the components being field-effect transistors with insulated gate
H01L27/092 complementary MIS field-effect transistors
H01L27/095 the components being Schottky barrier gate field-effect transistors
H01L27/098 the components being PN junction gate field-effect transistors
H01L27/10 Including a plurality of individual components in a repetitive
configuration
H01L27/102 Including bipolar components
H01L27/105 Including field-effect components
H01L27/108 Dynamic random access memory structures

H01L27/11 Static random access memory structures
H01L27/112 Read-only memory structures
H01L27/115 Electrically programmable read-only memories
H01L27/12 The substrate being other than a semiconductor body, e.g. an
insulating body
H01L27/14 Including semiconductor components sensitive to infra-red
radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or
corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the
conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or
for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
H01L27/142 Energy conversion devices
H01L27/146 Imager structures
H01L27/148 Charge coupled imagers
H01L27/15 Including semiconductor components with at least one potential-
jump barrier or surface barrier, specially adapted for light emission
H01L27/16 Including thermoelectric components with or without a junction of
dissimilar materials; Including thermomagnetic components
H01L27/18 Including components exhibiting superconductivity
H01L27/20 Including piezo-electric components; Including electrostrictive
components; Including magnetostrictive components
H01L27/22 Including components using galvano-magnetic effects, e.g. hall
effect; Using similar magnetic field effects
H01L27/24 Including solid state components for rectifying, amplifying, or
switching without a potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
H01L27/26 Including bulk negative resistance effect components
H01L27/28 Including components using organic materials as the active part, or
using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the
active part
H01L29/00 Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying,
oscillating or switching and having at least one potential-jump
barrier or surface barrier; Capacitors or resistors with at least one
potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. pn-junction depletion
layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies
or of electrodes thereof
H01L29/66 Types of semiconductor device
H01L29/68 controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric
potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current
to be rectified, amplified, or switched
H01L29/70 Bipolar devices
H01L29/72 Transistor-type devices, i.e. able to continuously respond to applied
control signals
H01L29/73 Bipolar junction transistors
H01L29/737 Hetero-junction transistors
H01L29/739 controlled by field effect
H01L29/74 Thyristor-type devices, e.g. having four-zone regenerative action
H01L29/744 Gate-turn-off devices
H01L29/745 with turn-off by field effect
H01L29/749 with turn-on by field effect
H01L29/76 Unipolar devices
H01L29/762 Charge transfer devices
H01L29/765 Charge-coupled devices
H01L29/772 Field-effect transistors
H01L29/778 with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT
H01L29/78 with field effect produced by an insulated gate
H01L29/786 Thin-film transistors
H01L29/80 with field effect produced by a PN or other rectifying junction gate
H01L29/808 with a PN junction gate
H01L29/812 with a Schottky gate
H01L29/86 controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied, or only
the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes
carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated, or switched
H01L29/861 Diodes
H01L29/864 Transit-time diodes, e.g. IMPATT, TRAPATT diodes
H01L29/866 Zener diodes
H01L29/868 PIN diodes
H01L29/872 Schottky diodes
H01L29/88 Tunnel-effect diodes
H01L29/92 Capacitors with potential-jump barrier or surface barrier
H01L29/93 Variable-capacitance diodes, e.g. varactors
H01L29/94 Metal-insulator-semiconductors, e.g. MOS
H01L31/00 Semiconductor devices sensitive to infra-red radiation, light,

electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength, or corpuscular
radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the
energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of
electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus
specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of
parts thereof; Details thereof
H01L31/024 Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature
compensation
H01L31/04 Adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
H01L31/042 PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
H01L31/08 In which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g.
photoresistors
H01L31/10 Characterised by at least one potential-jump barrier or surface
barrier, e.g. phototransistors
H01L31/101 Devices sensitive to infra-red, visible or ultra-violet radiation
H01L31/102 Characterised by only one potential barrier or surface barrier
H01L31/105 the potential barrier being of the PIN type
H01L31/107 the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche
photodiode
H01L31/111 characterised by at least three potential barriers, e.g. photothyristor
H01L31/115 Devices sensitive to very short wavelength, e.g. x-rays, gamma-
rays or corpuscular radiation
H01L33/00 Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or
surface barrier specially adapted for light emission, e.g. infra-red;
Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or
treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
H01L35/00 Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar
materials, i.e. exhibiting seebeck or peltier effect with or without
other thermoelectric effects or thermomagnetic effects; Processes
or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment
thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
H01L37/00 Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials;
Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using nernst-ettinghausen effect;
treatment thereof or of parts thereof
H01L39/00 Devices using superconductivity or hyperconductivity; Processes or

apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment
thereof or of parts thereof
H01L39/16 Devices switchable between superconductive and normal states
H01L39/24 Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or
treatment of devices provided for in group H01L39/00 or of parts
thereof
H01L41/00 Piezo-electric elements in general; Electrostrictive elements in
general; Magnetostrictive elements in general; Processes or
apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment
thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
H01L41/08 Piezo-electric or electrostrictive elements
H01L41/12 Magnetostrictive elements
H01L41/18 For piezo-electric or electrostrictive elements
H01L41/187 Ceramic compositions
H01L43/00 Devices using galvano-magnetic or similar magnetic effects;
H01L43/06 Hall-effect devices
H01L43/08 Magnetic-field-controlled resistors
H01L45/00 Solid state devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying,
oscillating, or switching without a potential-jump barrier or surface
barrier, e.g. dielectric triodes; Ovshinsky-effect devices; Processes
or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment
thereof or of parts thereof
H01L47/00 Bulk negative resistance effect devices, e.g. gunn-effect devices;
H01L47/02 Gunn-effect devices
H01L51/00 Solid state devices using organic materials as the active part, or
using a combination of organic materials with other materials as the
active part; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the
manufacture or treatment of such devices, or of parts thereof
H01L51/05 Specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching
and having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier;
Capacitors or resistors with at least one potential-jump barrier or

surface barrier
H01L51/42 Specially adapted for sensing infra-red radiation, light,
electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength, or corpuscular
radiation; Specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy
of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical
energy by such radiation
H01L51/50 Specially adapted for light emission, e.g. organic light emitting
diodes (oled) or polymer light emitting devices (pled)
H01M Processes or means, e.g. batteries, for the direct conversion of
chemical energy into electrical energy
H01M4/00 Electrodes
H01M6/00 Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
H01M8/00 Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
H01M8/08 Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
H01M8/10 Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
H01M8/12 Operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised zro2 electrolyte
H01M8/14 Fuel cells with fused electrolytes
H01M8/16 Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which micro-organisms function
as catalysts
H01M8/18 Regenerative fuel cells
H01M8/22 Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon
or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the
fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than
carbon, oxygen, or hydrogen
H01M10/00 Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
H01M10/06 Lead-acid accumulators
H01M10/42 Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of
secondary cells or secondary half-cells
H01M10/44 Methods for charging or discharging (circuits for charging H02J07)
H01M14/00 Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in
groups h01m0006000000 to h01m0012000000; Manufacture
thereof
H01P Waveguides; Resonators, lines or other devices of the waveguide
type
H01P1/00 Auxiliary devices
H01P1/20 Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters

H01P1/201 Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
H01P1/203 Strip line filters
H01P1/207 Hollow waveguide filters
H01P1/208 Cascaded cavities; Cascaded resonators inside a hollow
waveguide structure
H01P1/22 Attenuating devices
H01P1/32 Non-reciprocal transmission devices
H01P1/38 Circulators
H01P3/00 Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
H01P3/02 With two longitudinal conductors
H01P3/06 Coaxial lines
H01P3/08 Microstrips; Strip lines
H01P3/12 Hollow waveguides
H01P3/123 with a complex or stepped cross-section, e.g. ridged or grooved
waveguides
H01P3/127 with a circular, elliptic, or parabolic cross-section
H01P3/16 Dielectric waveguides, i.e. without a longitudinal conductor
H01P5/00 Coupling devices of the waveguide type
H01P5/16 Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled
from one other port
H01P5/18 consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
H01P7/00 Resonators of the waveguide type
H01P7/06 Cavity resonators
H01P7/08 Strip line resonators
H01P7/10 Dielectric resonators
H01Q Aerials
H01Q1/00 Details of, or arrangements associated with, aerials
H01Q1/27 Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
H01Q1/28 Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
H01Q1/38 Formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
H01Q1/42 Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating
elements, e.g. radome
H01Q1/48 Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises (earthing pins
H01R04/66)
H01Q5/00 Arrangements for simultaneous operation of aerials on two or more

different wavebands
H01Q7/00 Loop aerials with a substantially uniform current distribution around
the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane
perpendicular to the plane of the loop
H01Q9/00 Electrically-short aerials having dimensions not more than twice the
operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating
elements
H01Q9/04 Resonant aerials
H01Q9/16 with feed intermediate between the extremities of the aerial, e.g.
centre-fed dipole
H01Q9/26 with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced
apart a small fraction of operating wavelength
H01Q9/27 Spiral aerials
H01Q9/28 Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an
extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical
surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-
conductor transmission lines
H01Q11/00 Electrically-long aerials having dimensions more than twice the
shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active
radiating elements
H01Q11/02 Non-resonant aerials, e.g. travelling-wave aerial
H01Q11/08 Helical aerials
H01Q11/10 Log-periodic aerials
H01Q13/00 Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot aerials; Leaky-waveguide aerials;
Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path
of a guided wave
H01Q13/02 Waveguide horns
H01Q13/10 Resonant slot aerials
H01Q13/20 Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line aerials;
Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path
of a guided wave
H01Q19/00 Combinations of primary active aerial elements and units with
secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the
aerial a desired directional characteristic
H01Q19/28 using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially

straight conductive elements (log-periodic aerials H01Q11/10;
constituting a reflecting surface H01Q19/10)
H01Q19/30 the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially
straight, e.g. Yagi aerial
H01Q21/00 Aerial arrays or systems
H01Q23/00 Aerials with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them
or attached to them
H01R Electrically-conductive connections; Structural associations of a
plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements;
Coupling devices; Current collectors
H01R12/00 Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical
connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g.
printed circuit boards (pcbs), flat or ribbon cables, or like generally
planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling
devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables,
or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for
contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables,
or like generally planar structures
H01S Devices using stimulated emission
H01S1/00 Masers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation,
demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of
electromagnetic waves of wavelength longer than that of infra-red
waves
H01S3/00 Lasers, i.e. devices for generation, amplification, modulation,
demodulation, or frequency-changing, using stimulated emission, of
infra-red, visible, or ultra-violet waves
H01S3/091 Using optical pumping
H01S3/0955 Using pumping by high energy particles
H01S3/098 Mode locking; Mode suppression
H01S3/10 Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction
of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or
demodulating
H01S3/105 By controlling the mutual position or the reflecting properties of the
reflectors of the cavity
H01S3/14 Characterised by the material used as the active medium
H01S3/16 Solid materials

H01S3/20 Liquids
H01S3/213 including an organic dye
H01S3/22 Gases
H01S3/223 the active gas being polyatomic, i.e. containing more than one atom
H01S3/225 comprising an excimer or exciplex
H01S5/00 Semiconductor lasers
H01S5/30 Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active
region
H01S5/34 comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single
quantum well lasers (SQW-lasers), multiple quantum well lasers
(MQW-lasers), graded index separate confinement heterostructure
lasers (GRINSCH-lasers)
H01S5/40 Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for
in groups H01S05/02-H01S05/30
H01S5/50 Amplifier structures not provided for in groups H01S05/02-
H01S05/30; (as repeaters in transmission systems H04B10/17)
H01T Spark gaps; Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps; Sparking
plugs; Corona devices; Generating ions to be introduced into non-
enclosed gases
H01T13/00 Sparking-plugs
H01T15/00 Circuits specially adapted for spark gaps, e.g. ignition circuits
H01T23/00 Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed
gases, e.g. into the atmosphere
H02 Generation, conversion, or distribution of electric power
H02B Boards, substations, or switching arrangements for the supply or
distribution of electric power
H02B1/00 Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations
or switching arrangements
H02B1/20 Bus-bar or other wiring layouts, e.g. in cubicles, in switchyards
H02B5/00 Non-enclosed substations; Substations with enclosed and non-
enclosed equipment
H02B5/06 gas-insulated
H02B7/00 Enclosed substations, e.g. compact substations
H02B7/01 gas-insulated
H02B13/00 Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or

structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
H02B13/035 Gas-insulated switchgear
H02G Installation of electric cables or lines, or of combined optical and
electric cables or lines
H02G1/00 Methods or apparatus specially adapted for installing, maintaining,
repairing, or dismantling electric cables or lines
H02G1/06 For laying cables, e.g. laying apparatus on vehicle
H02G1/14 For joining or terminating cables
H02G3/00 Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor
in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
H02G3/04 Protective tubing or conduits, e.g. cable ladders, cable troughs
H02G7/00 Overhead installations of electric lines or cables
H02G7/02 Devices for adjusting or maintaining mechanical tension, e.g. take-
up device
H02G7/20 Spatial arrangements or dispositions of lines or cables on poles,
posts, or towers
H02G13/00 Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting
structure
H02H Emergency protective circuit arrangements
H02H1/00 Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
H02H3/00 Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic
disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from
normal electric working condition, with or without subsequent
reconnection
H02H3/08 Responsive to excess current
H02H3/20 Responsive to excess voltage
H02H3/22 of short duration, e.g. lightning
H02H3/32 Involving comparison of the voltage or current values at
corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g.
of currents in go and return conductors
H02H3/33 using summation current transformers
H02H7/00 Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for
specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised
protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic
switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working

conditions
H02H7/04 For transformers
H02H7/06 For dynamo-electric generators; For synchronous capacitors
H02H7/08 For dynamo-electric motors
H02H7/22 for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
H02H9/00 Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess
current or voltage without disconnection
H02H9/02 Responsive to excess current
H02H9/04 Responsive to excess voltage
H02J Circuit arrangements or systems for supplying or distributing
electric power; Systems for storing electric energy
H02J1/00 Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
H02J3/00 Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
H02J3/01 Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
H02J3/36 Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks
via a high-tension dc link
H02J3/38 Arrangements for parallelly feeding a single network by two or more
generators, converters, or transformers
H02J7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for
supplying loads from batteries
H02J9/00 Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g.
for emergency lighting
H02J13/00 Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network
conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed
condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit
arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a
power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current
consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
H02J15/00 Systems for storing electric energy
H02J17/00 Systems for supplying or distributing electric power by
electromagnetic waves
H02K Dynamo-electric machines
H02K1/00 Details of the magnetic circuit
H02K1/12 Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
H02K1/22 Rotating parts of magnetic circuit
H02K3/00 Details of windings

H02K13/00 Structural associations of current collectors with motors or
generators, e.g. brush mounting plates, connections to windings;
Disposition of current collectors in motors or generators;
Arrangements for improving commutation
H02K13/14 Circuit arrangements for improvement of commutation, e.g. by use
of unidirectionally conductive element
H02K17/00 Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction
generators
H02K17/02 Asynchronous induction motors
H02K17/16 Having rotor with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotor
H02K17/42 Asynchronous induction generators
H02K19/00 Synchronous motors or generators
H02K19/02 Synchronous motors
H02K19/10 for multi-phase current
H02K19/16 Synchronous generators
H02K19/18 having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of
one polarity, e.g. homopolar generator
H02K19/20 with variable-reluctance soft-iron rotor without winding
H02K19/22 having windings each turn of which co-operates alternately with
poles of opposite polarity, e.g. heteropolar generator
H02K19/24 with variable-reluctance soft-iron rotor without winding
H02K23/00 Dc commutator motors or generators having mechanical
commutator; Universal ac/dc commutator motors
H02K26/00 Machines adapted to function as torque motors, i.e. to exert a
torque when stalled
H02K27/00 Ac commutator motors or generators having mechanical
commutator
H02K31/00 Acyclic motors or generators, i.e. dc machines having a drum or
disc armature with continuous current collectors
H02K37/00 Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or
commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
H02K41/00 Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due
to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic
field travelling along the path
H02K41/02 Linear motors; Sectional motors
H02K41/025 Asynchronous motors

H02K41/03 Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance
motors
H02K44/00 Machines in which the dynamo-electric interaction between a
plasma or flow of conductive liquid or of fluid-borne conductive or
magnetic particles and a coil system or magnetic field converts
energy of mass flow into electrical energy or vice versa
H02K44/08 Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generators
H02K47/00 Dynamo-electric converters
H02K49/00 Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
H02K55/00 Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic
temperatures
H02M Apparatus for conversion between ac and ac, between ac and dc,
or between dc and dc, and for use with mains or similar power
supply systems; Conversion of dc or ac input power into surge
output power; Control or regulation thereof
H02M1/00 Details of apparatus for conversion
H02M1/12 Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
H02M3/00 Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
H02M5/00 Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change
of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of
phases
H02M7/00 Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of
dc power input into ac power output
H02M7/12 Using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor
devices with control electrode
H02M7/145 using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing
means
H02M7/15 using discharge tubes only
H02M9/00 Conversion of dc or ac input power into surge output power
H02N Electric machines not otherwise provided for
H02N1/00 Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic
charge carrier
H02N2/00 Electric machines in general using piezo-electric effect,
electrostriction or magnetostriction
H02N2/10 Producing rotary motion, e.g. rotary motors
H02N2/18 Producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators

H02P Control or regulation of electric motors, generators, or dynamo-
electric converters; Controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils
H02P21/00 Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by
vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
H02S Generation of electric power by conversion of infra-red radiation,
visible light or ultraviolet light, e.g. using photovoltaic [PV] modules
H03 Basic electronic circuitry
H03B Generation of oscillations, directly or by frequency-changing, by
circuits employing active elements which operate in a non-switching
manner; Generation of noise by such circuits
H03B5/00 Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative
feedback from output to input
H03B5/08 With frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance
and capacitance
H03B5/12 active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
H03B5/32 Being a piezo-electric resonator
H03B7/00 Generation of oscillations using active element having a negative
resistance between two of its electrodes
H03B7/02 with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance
and capacitance
H03B7/06 active element being semiconductor device
H03B7/08 being a tunnel diode
H03B9/00 Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects
H03B9/01 using discharge tubes
H03B9/08 using a travelling-wave tube
H03B9/12 using solid state devices, e.g. Gunn-effect devices
H03B19/00 Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency
multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source
H03B23/00 Generation of oscillations periodically swept over a predetermined
frequency range
H03B29/00 Generation of noise currents and voltages
H03C Modulation
H03D Demodulation or transference of modulation from one carrier to
another
H03F Amplifiers
H03F1/00 Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor

devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
H03F1/26 Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated
by amplifying elements
H03F1/32 Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
H03F3/00 Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices
as amplifying elements
H03F3/181 Low-frequency amplifiers, e.g. audio preamplifiers
H03F3/189 High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
H03F3/20 Power amplifiers, e.g. class b amplifiers, class c amplifiers
H03F3/34 Dc amplifiers in which all stages are dc-coupled
H03F3/45 Differential amplifiers
H03F3/54 Amplifiers using transit-time effect in tubes or semiconductor
devices
H03F3/60 Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants,
e.g. with waveguide resonators
H03F7/00 Parametric amplifiers
H03F9/00 Magnetic amplifiers
H03G Control of amplification
H03G3/00 Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
H03G3/20 Automatic control
H03H Impedance networks, e.g. resonant circuits; Resonators
H03H1/00 Constructional details of impedance networks whose electrical
mode of operation is not specified or applicable to more than one
type of network
H03H1/02 RC networks, e.g. filters (structural combinations of capacitors with
other electric elements H01G)
H03H7/00 Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements
as network components
H03H7/01 Frequency selective two-port networks
H03H7/075 Ladder networks, e.g. electric wave filters
H03H7/18 Networks for phase shifting
H03H7/30 Time-delay networks
H03H7/38 Impedance-matching networks
H03H9/00 Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic
elements; Electromechanical resonators
H03H9/15 Constructional features of resonators consisting of piezo-electric or

electrostrictive material
H03H9/24 Constructional features of resonators of material which is not piezo-
electric, electrostrictive, or magnetostrictive
H03H9/25 Constructional features of resonators using surface acoustic waves
H03H9/46 Filters (multiple-port electromechanical filters H03H09/70)
H03H9/54 comprising resonators of piezo-electric or electrostrictive material
H03H9/64 using surface acoustic waves
H03H11/00 Networks using active elements
H03H11/02 Multiple-port networks
H03H11/04 Frequency selective two-port networks
H03H11/16 Networks for phase shifting
H03H11/26 Time-delay networks
H03H11/28 Impedance matching networks
H03H11/40 Impedance converters
H03H11/42 Gyrators (used in frequency selective networks H03H11/08)
H03H11/44 Negative impedance converters (used in frequency-selective
networks H03H11/10)
H03H15/00 Transversal filters
H03H17/00 Networks using digital techniques
H03H17/02 Frequency-selective networks
H03H17/04 Recursive filters
H03H19/00 Networks using time-varying elements, e.g. n-path filters
H03H21/00 Adaptive networks
H03J Tuning resonant circuits; Selecting resonant circuits
H03J7/00 Automatic frequency control; Automatic scanning over a band of
frequencies
H03J7/02 Automatic frequency control
H03K Pulse technique
H03K3/00 Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or
multistable circuits
H03K3/02 Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means
used for producing pulses
H03K3/04 by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive
feedback
H03K3/05 using means other than a transformer for feedback
H03K3/06 using at least two tubes so coupled that the input of one is derived
from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
H03K3/26 by the use, as active elements, of bipolar transistors with internal or
external positive feedback
H03K3/28 using means other than a transformer for feedback
H03K3/281 using at least two transistors so coupled that the input of one is
derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator
H03K4/00 Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped
portions
H03K5/00 Manipulating pulses not covered by one of the other main groups in
this subclass
H03K5/01 Shaping pulses
H03K5/14 By the use of delay lines
H03K19/00 Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output;
Inverting circuits
H03K19/02 Using specified components
H03K19/08 Using semiconductor devices
H03K19/082 Using bipolar transistors
H03K19/084 Diode; transistor logic
H03K19/086 Emitter coupled logic
H03K19/088 Transistor; transistor logic
H03K19/091 Integrated injection logic or merged transistor logic
H03K19/094 Using field-effect transistors
H03K19/0944 Using mosfet
H03K19/0948 Using cmos
H03K19/14 using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric
devices electrically- or optically-coupled (optical logic elements
G02F03)
H03K19/16 using saturable magnetic devices
H03K19/177 Arranged in matrix form
H03K19/195 using superconductive devices
H03K19/20 Characterised by logic function, e.g. and, or, nor, not circuits
H03K19/23 Majority or minority circuits, i.e. giving output having the state of the
majority or the minority of the inputs
H03K21/00 Details of pulse counters or frequency dividers
H03M Coding, decoding or code conversion, in general
H03M1/00 Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion

H03M1/12 Analogue/digital converters
H03M1/66 Digital/analogue converters
H03M3/00 Conversion of analogue values to or from differential modulation
H03M3/02 Delta modulation, i.e. one-bit differential modulation
H03M7/00 Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given
sequence or number of digits to a code where the same information
is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
H03M7/14 Conversion to or from non-weighted codes
H03M7/16 Conversion to or from unit-distance codes, e.g. Gray code, reflected
binary code
H03M7/18 Conversion to or from residue codes
H03M7/30 Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g.
redundancy reduction
H03M7/32 Conversion to or from delta modulation, i.e. one-bit differential
modulation
H03M7/34 adaptive
H03M7/40 Conversion to or from variable length codes, e.g. shannon-fano
code, huffman code, morse code
H03M7/46 Conversion to or from run-length codes, i.e. by representing the
number of consecutive digits, or groups of digits, of the same kind
by a code word and a digit indicative of that kind
H03M13/00 Coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or error
correction; Coding theory basic assumptions; Coding bounds; Error
probability evaluation methods; Channel models; Simulation or
testing of codes
H03M13/03 Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data
representation, i.e. code words containing more digits than the
source words
H03M13/05 using block codes, i.e. a predetermined number of check bits joined
to a predetermined number of information bits
H03M13/07 Arithmetic codes
H03M13/09 Error detection only, e.g. using cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
codes or single parity bit
H03M13/11 using multiple parity bits
H03M13/13 Linear codes
H03M13/15 Cyclic codes, i.e. cyclic shifts of codewords produce other

codewords, e.g. codes defined by a generator polynomial, Bose-
Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes
H03M13/19 Single error correction without using particular properties of the
cyclic codes, e.g. Hamming codes, extended or generalised
Hamming codes
H03M13/23 using convolutional codes, e.g. unit memory codes
H03M13/25 Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding,
i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation, e.g. Trellis Coded
Modulation (TCM)
H03M13/27 using interleaving techniques
H03M13/29 combining two or more codes or code structures, e.g. product
codes, generalised product codes, concatenated codes, inner and
outer codes
H03M13/37 Decoding methods or techniques, not specific to the particular type
of coding provided for in groups ; H03M13/03-H03M13/35
H03M13/39 Sequence estimation, i.e using statistical methods for the
reconstruction of the original codes
H03M13/41 using the Viterbi algorithm or Viterbi processors
H04 Electric communication technique
H04B Transmission
H04B1/00 Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of
groups H04B3/00 to H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems
not characterised by the medium used for transmission
H04B1/02 Transmitters
H04B1/06 Receivers
H04B1/26 For superheterodyne receivers
H04B1/38 Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a
structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of
transmitting and receiving
H04B1/59 Responders; Transponders
H04B1/69 Spread spectrum techniques in general
H04B1/707 Using direct sequence modulation
H04B1/713 using frequency hopping
H04B1/7163 using impulse radio
H04B1/74 For increasing reliability, e.g. using redundant or spare channels or

apparatus
H04B3/00 Line transmission systems
H04B3/36 Repeater circuits
H04B3/54 Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
H04B5/00 Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive loop type
H04B7/00 Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
H04B7/02 Diversity systems
H04B7/04 Using a plurality of spaced independent aerials
H04B7/14 Relay systems
H04B7/185 Space-based or airborne stations
H04B7/204 Multiple access
H04B7/208 Frequency-division multiple access
H04B7/212 Time-division multiple access
H04B7/216 Code-division or spread-spectrum multiple access (spread
spectrum techniques in general H04B01/69)
H04B7/26 At least one of which is mobile
H04B10/00 Transmission systems employing beams of corpuscular radiation,
or electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. light, infra-
red
H04B10/02 Details
H04B10/04 Transmitters
H04B10/06 Receivers
H04B10/10 Transmission through free space, e.g. through the atmosphere
H04B10/12 Transmission through light guides, e.g. optical fibres
H04B10/16 Repeaters
H04B10/24 Bidirectional transmission
H04B11/00 Transmission systems employing ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic
waves
H04B13/00 Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for
transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 to H04B11/00
H04H Broadcast communication
H04H20/00 Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with
broadcast
H04H20/53 Arrangements specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for
traffic information or for mobile receivers
H04H20/57 for mobile receivers

H04H20/65 Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
H04H20/71 Wireless systems
H04H20/74 of satellite networks
H04H20/77 Using carrier waves
H04H20/78 CATV [Community Antenna Television] systems
H04H60/00 Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linkage to
broadcast information or to broadcast space-time; Broadcast-
related systems
H04H60/29 Arrangements for monitoring broadcast services or broadcast-
related services
H04H60/33 Arrangements for monitoring the users' behaviour or opinions
H04H60/68 Systems specially adapted for using specific information, e.g.
geographical or meteorological information
H04H60/81 characterised by the transmission system itself
H04H60/82 the transmission system being the Internet
H04J Multiplex communication
H04J1/00 Frequency-division multiplex systems
H04J3/00 Time-division multiplex systems
H04J11/00 Orthogonal multiplex systems
H04J13/00 Code multiplex systems
H04J14/00 Optical multiplex systems
H04J14/02 Wavelength-division multiplex systems
H04K Secret communication; Jamming of communication
H04K1/00 Secret communication
H04K3/00 Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
H04L Transmission of digital information, e.g. telegraphic communication
H04L1/00 Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information
received
H04L1/02 By diversity reception
H04L9/00 Arrangements for secret or secure communication
H04L9/08 Key distribution
H04L9/28 Using particular encryption algorithm
H04L9/30 Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally
infeasible to invert and users' encryption keys not requiring secrecy
H04L9/32 Including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of

the system
H04L12/00 Data switching networks
H04L12/10 Current supply arrangements
H04L12/18 For broadcast or conference
H04L12/28 Characterised by path configuration, e.g. lan [local area networks]
or wan [wide area networks]
H04L12/427 With decentralised control
H04L12/43 with synchronous transmission, e.g. time division multiplex (TDM),
slotted rings
H04L12/433 with asynchronous transmission, e.g. token ring, register insertion
H04L12/50 Circuit switching systems, i.e. systems in which the path is
physically permanent during the communication
H04L12/54 Stored and forward switching systems
H04L12/56 Packet switching systems
H04L12/58 Message switching systems
H04L12/66 Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing
types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
H04L29/00 Arrangements, apparatus, circuits or systems, not covered by a
single one of groups h04l0001000000 to h04l0027000000
H04L29/02 Communication control; Communication processing
H04L29/06 Characterised by a protocol
H04L29/08 Transmission control procedure, e.g. data link level control
procedure
H04L29/12 Characterised by the data terminal
H04M Telephonic communication
H04M1/00 Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
H04M1/02 Constructional features of telephone sets
H04M1/72 Substation extension arrangements; Cordless telephones, i.e.
devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route
selecting
H04M1/725 Cordless telephones
H04M3/00 Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
H04M3/22 Supervisory, monitoring, or testing arrangements
H04M3/50 Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised

arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy
subscribers
H04M3/53 Centralised arrangements for recording incoming messages
H04M3/533 Voice mail systems
H04M19/00 Current supply arrangements for telephone systems
H04N Pictorial communication, e.g. television
H04N1/00 Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like,
e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
H04N1/41 Bandwidth or redundancy reduction
H04N5/00 Details of television systems
H04N5/222 Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
H04N5/225 Television cameras
H04N5/232 Devices for controlling television cameras, e.g. remote control
H04N5/28 Mobile studios
H04N5/30 Transforming light or analogous information into electric information
H04N5/32 Transforming x-rays
H04N5/33 Transforming infra-red radiation
H04N5/38 Transmitter circuitry
H04N5/44 Receiver circuitry
H04N5/52 Automatic gain control
H04N5/66 Transforming electric information into light information
H04N5/74 Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using
eidophor
H04N5/76 Television signal recording
H04N5/78 Using magnetic recording
H04N5/781 On discs or drums
H04N5/782 On tape
H04N5/7822 With stationary magnetic heads
H04N5/84 Using optical recording
H04N5/85 on discs or drums
H04N5/89 Using holographic recording
H04N5/907 Using static stores, e.g. storage tubes, semiconductor memories
H04N7/00 Television systems
H04N7/01 Conversion of standards
H04N7/015 High-definition television systems
H04N7/025 Systems for transmission of digital non-picture data, e.g. of text

during the active part of a television frame
H04N7/18 Closed-circuit television systems, i.e. systems in which the signal is
not broadcast
H04N7/20 Adaptations for transmission via a ghz frequency band, e.g. via
satellite
H04N7/22 Adaptations for optical transmission
H04N9/00 Details of colour television systems
H04N9/16 Using cathode ray tubes
H04N13/00 Stereoscopic television systems; Details thereof
H04N13/04 Picture reproducers
H04N15/00 Stereoscopic colour television systems; Details thereof
H04N21/00 Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television, VOD
[Video On Demand] (broadcast communication H04H;
arrangements, apparatus, circuits or systems for communication
control or processing being characterised by a protocol H04L29/06;
real-time bi-directional transmission of motion video data
H04N07/14)
H04N21/20 Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD
servers; Operations thereof
H04N21/23 Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server
operations; Server middleware
H04N21/232 Content retrieval operation within server, e.g. reading video streams
from disk arrays
H04N21/40 Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of, or
interaction with, content, e.g. STB [set-top-box]; Operations thereof
H04N21/45 Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the
reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating
data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g.
learning user preferences for recommending movies, or resolving
scheduling conflicts
H04N21/466 Learning process for intelligent management, e.g. learning user
preferences for recommending movies
H04Q Selecting
H04Q9/00 Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively
calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired
apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for

obtaining measured values therefrom
H04R Loudspeakers, microphones, gramophone pick-ups or like acoustic
electromechanical transducers; Deaf-aid sets; Public address
systems
H04R1/00 Details of transducers
H04R1/44 Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
H04R25/00 Deaf-aid sets
H04W Wireless communication networks
H04W4/00 Services or facilities specially adapted for wireless communication
networks
H04W4/12 Messaging, e.g. sms [short messaging service]; Mailboxes;
Announcements, e.g. informing users on the status or progress of a
communication request
H04W8/00 Network data management
H04W8/02 Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at hlr
[home location register] or vlr [visitor location register]; Transfer of
mobility data, e.g. between hlr, vlr or external networks
H04W12/00 Security arrangements, e.g. access security or fraud detection;
Authentication, e.g. verifying user identity or authorisation;
Protecting privacy or anonymity
H04W16/00 Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network
deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cell structures
H04W28/00 Network traffic or resource management
H04W28/02 Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
H04W28/16 Central resource management; Negotiation of resources, e.g.
negotiating bandwidth or qos [quality of service]
H04W40/00 Communication routing or communication path finding
H04W52/00 Power management, e.g. tpc [transmission power control], power
saving or power classes
H04W64/00 Locating users or terminals for network management purposes, e.g.
mobility management
H04W72/00 Local resource management, e.g. selection or allocation of wireless
resources or wireless traffic scheduling
H04W74/00 Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
H04W84/00 Network topologies
H04W84/02 Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks,

cellular networks, wlan [wireless local area network] or wll [wireless
local loop]
H04W84/10 Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
H04W84/12 WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
H04W84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad hoc networks or sensor networks
H04W88/00 Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks,
e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
H05 Electric techniques not otherwise provided for
H05B Electric heating; Electric lighting not otherwise provided for
H05B1/00 Details of electric heating devices
H05B3/00 Ohmic-resistance heating
H05B6/00 Heating by electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields
H05B6/02 Induction heating
H05B6/46 Dielectric heating
H05B6/64 Heating using microwaves
H05B6/80 Apparatus for specific applications
H05B7/00 Heating by electric discharge
H05B31/00 Electric arc lamps
H05B33/00 Electroluminescent light sources
H05B37/00 Circuit arrangements for electric light sources in general
H05B37/02 Controlling
H05B41/00 Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating
discharge lamps
H05B41/30 In which the lamp is fed by pulses, e.g. flash lamp
H05C Electric circuits or apparatus specially designed for use in
equipment for killing, stunning, enclosing or guiding living beings
H05F Static electricity; Naturally-occurring electricity
H05G X-ray technique
H05H Plasma technique; Production of accelerated electrically- charged
particles or of neutrons; Production or acceleration of neutral
molecular or atomic beams
H05H1/00 Generating plasma; Handling plasma
H05H1/02 Arrangements for confining plasma by electric or magnetic fields;
Arrangements for heating plasma
H05H1/24 Generating plasma
H05H1/26 Plasma torches

H05H1/46 Using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or
microwave energy
H05H3/00 Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular
or atomic beams
H05H6/00 Targets for producing nuclear reactions
H05H7/00 Details of devices of the types covered by groups h05h0009000000
to h05h0013000000
H05H7/02 Circuits or systems for supplying or feeding radio-frequency energy
(radio-frequency generators H03B)
H05H7/04 Magnet systems; Energisation thereof
H05H7/14 Vacuum chambers
H05H7/18 Cavities; Resonators
H05H7/20 with superconductive walls
H05H9/00 Linear accelerators
H05H11/00 Magnetic induction accelerators, e.g. betatrons
H05H13/00 Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
H05H13/04 Synchrotrons
H05H15/00 Methods or devices for acceleration of charged particles not
H05K Printed circuits; Casings or constructional details of electric
apparatus; Manufacture of assemblages of electrical components
H05K1/00 Printed circuits
H05K3/00 Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
H05K9/00 Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic
fields
H05K13/00 Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or
adjusting assemblages of electric components

IPC Patent Codes 2018

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IPC Codes Applied in Inspec Records 2018

IPC codes applied in Inspec records 2018

A Section A - Human necessities

A21 Baking; Equipment for making or processing doughs; Doughs for

A61B5/00 Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons

A61F2/82 Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular

A63B Apparatus for physical training, gymnastics, swimming, climbing, or

B01D53/00 Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile

from solid materials or fluids; Separation by high-voltage electric

B09B Disposal of solid waste

B21J5/00 Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or

B23B39/00 General-purpose boring or drilling machines or devices; Sets of

B23K11/02 Pressure butt welding

B24B37/00 Lapping machines or devices, i.e. requiring pulverulent abrading

B27M3/00 Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished

B41 Printing; Lining machines; Typewriters; Stamps

B61C Locomotives; Motor railcars

B63B35/00 Vessels or like floating structures adapted for special purposes

B64G3/00 Observing or tracking cosmonautic vehicles

B65H Handling thin or filamentary material, e.g. sheets, webs, cables

B82Y15/00 Nano-technology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum

C03C10/00 Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline

C09 Dyes; Paints; Polishes; Natural resins; Adhesives; Compositions

C10B Destructive distillation of carbonaceous materials for production of

C12M3/00 Tissue, human, animal or plant cell, or virus culture apparatus

C22C1/00 Making non-ferrous alloys

implantation or by chemical vapour deposition, in general; Inhibiting

C23G Cleaning or de-greasing of metallic material by chemical methods

D04H Making textile fabrics, e.g. from fibres or filamentary material;

E Section E - Fixed constructions

E04D1/00 Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other

F01D Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam

F02F Cylinders, pistons, or casings for combustion engines;

F04B23/00 Pumping installations or systems

F16B11/00 Connecting constructional elements or machine parts by sticking or

F16F15/00 Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for

F16J12/00 Pressure vessels in general

F21L Lighting devices or systems thereof, being portable or specially

F24C7/02 Using microwaves

F41B Weapons for projecting missiles without use of explosive or

G01B9/10 Goniometers for measuring angles between surfaces

G01L3/00 Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical

G01N30/00 Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components

G01R3/00 Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of

G01R31/08 Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks

G01S11/00 Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or

G01V1/02 Generating seismic energy

G02B6/12 Of the integrated circuit kind

crystal elements in a matrix, not structurally associated with these

G03B31/00 Associated working of cameras or projectors with sound-recording

G05 Controlling; Regulating

G05D19/00 Control of mechanical oscillations, e.g. of amplitude, of frequency,

G06F3/01 Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for

G06F9/455 Emulation; Software simulation

G06F19/10 Bioinformatics, i.e. methods or systems for genetic or protein-

G06N5/00 Computer systems utilizing knowledge based models

G06Q40/02 Banking, e.g. interest calculation, credit approval, mortgages, home

such transactions to existing accounts, e.g. automatic teller

G10L21/00 Processing of the speech signal to produce another audible or non-