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Navier Stokes Equation

This document summarizes the derivation of the simplified Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flow from the full conservative form. It starts with the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy equations in conservative form. The momentum equation is rewritten and substituted into the mass conservation equation to obtain a reduced momentum equation. For incompressible flow, the continuity equation simplifies and the deviatoric stresses are written in terms of velocity derivatives. Finally, the two-dimensional x-component of the momentum equation is presented in its simplified form.

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731 views

Navier Stokes Equation

This document summarizes the derivation of the simplified Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flow from the full conservative form. It starts with the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy equations in conservative form. The momentum equation is rewritten and substituted into the mass conservation equation to obtain a reduced momentum equation. For incompressible flow, the continuity equation simplifies and the deviatoric stresses are written in terms of velocity derivatives. Finally, the two-dimensional x-component of the momentum equation is presented in its simplified form.

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bayode
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Appendix D

Simplified Form of the


Navier–Stokes Equations

To derive the Navier–Stokes equations in their non-conservative form, we start with the
conservative form.
Conservation of mass:
∂ρ ∂(ρui ) ∂ρ ∂ui ∂ρ
+ = +ρ + ui =0 (D.1)
∂t ∂xi ∂t ∂xi ∂xi
Conservation of momentum:
∂(ρui ) ∂(uj ρui ) ∂τij ∂p
+ − + =0 (D.2)
∂t ∂xj ∂xj ∂xi
Conservation of energy:
 
∂(ρE) ∂(uj ρE) ∂ ∂T ∂(uj p) ∂(τij uj )
+ − k + − =0 (D.3)
∂t ∂xj ∂xi ∂xi ∂xj ∂xj
Rewriting the momentum equation with terms differentiated as
 
∂ui ∂ρ ∂uj ∂ρ ∂ui ∂τij ∂p
ρ + ui +ρ + uj + ρuj − + =0 (D.4)
∂t ∂t ∂xj ∂xj ∂xj ∂xj ∂xi
and substituting the equation of mass conservation (Equation D.1) into the above equation
gives the reduced momentum equation, that is,
∂ui ∂ui 1 ∂τij 1 ∂p
+ uj − + =0 (D.5)
∂t ∂xj ρ ∂xj ρ ∂xi
The above momentum equation can be further simplified if the fluid is incompressible.
For an incompressible fluid, the conservation of mass equation becomes
∂ui
=0 (D.6)
∂xi
Fundamentals of the Finite Element Method for Heat and Fluid Flow R. W. Lewis, P. Nithiarasu and K. N. Seetharamu
 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBNs: 0-470-84788-3 (HB); 0-470-84789-1 (PB)
SIMPLIFIED FORM OF THE NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS 327
The deviatoric stresses in Equation D.5 are written as
 
∂ui ∂uj 2 ∂uk
τij = µ + − δij (D.7)
∂xj ∂xi 3 ∂xk

Note that the last term in the above equation is zero from the continuity equation for
incompressible flows. The deviatoric stresses become
 
∂ui ∂uj
τij = µ + (D.8)
∂xj ∂xi

Substituting the above equation into Equation D.5, we have (assuming µ is a constant)
 
∂ui ∂ui µ ∂ ∂ui ∂uj 1 ∂p
+ uj − + + =0 (D.9)
∂t ∂xj ρ ∂xj ∂xj ∂xi ρ ∂xi

If we substitute i = 1 and j = 1, 2, we get the x1 component of the momentum equation


as (in two dimensions)
 
∂u1 ∂u1 ∂u1 1 ∂p ∂ 2 u1 ∂ 2 u1 ∂ ∂u2
+ u1 + u2 =− + 2ν 2 + ν 2 + ν (D.10)
∂t ∂x1 ∂x2 ρ ∂x1 ∂x1 ∂x2 ∂x2 ∂x1

Rewriting the above equation as


 
∂u1 ∂u1 ∂u1 1 ∂p ∂ 2 u1 ∂ 2 u1 ∂ ∂u1 ∂u2
+ u1 + u2 =− +ν 2 +ν 2 +ν + (D.11)
∂t ∂x1 ∂x2 ρ ∂x1 ∂x1 ∂x2 ∂x1 ∂x1 ∂x2

Applying the conservation of mass, we get

∂u1 ∂u1 ∂u1 1 ∂p ∂ 2 u1 ∂ 2 u1


+ u1 + u2 =− +ν 2 +ν 2 (D.12)
∂t ∂x1 ∂x2 ρ ∂x1 ∂x1 ∂x2

In a similar fashion, the other components of the momentum and energy equations can
be simplified.

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