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    Simple Tests To Assure Proper DC Motor Performance: Drop Testing Fields (Shunt, Series, Interpoles)

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    edgarlimas
    1) Simple tests can be performed on DC motors to check for issues like shorted motor windings or improper brush and field polarities. 2) Key tests include drop testing fields to check for shorted coils, verifying interpole polarity to ensure brushes don't arc excessively, and checking compound field polarity which should be cumulative, not differential. 3) Performing these basic tests with a multimeter can help ensure a motor will operate properly before being returned to the customer.

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    Simple Tests To Assure Proper DC Motor Performance: Drop Testing Fields (Shunt, Series, Interpoles)

    Uploaded by

    edgarlimas
    261 views2 pages
    1) Simple tests can be performed on DC motors to check for issues like shorted motor windings or improper brush and field polarities. 2) Key tests include drop testing fields to check for shorted coils, verifying interpole polarity to ensure brushes don't arc excessively, and checking compound field polarity which should be cumulative, not differential. 3) Performing these basic tests with a multimeter can help ensure a motor will operate properly before being returned to the customer.

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    PRUEBAS BASICA A MOTORES DC

    Original Title

    DC Motor Test1

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    1) Simple tests can be performed on DC motors to check for issues like shorted motor windings or improper brush and field polarities. 2) Key tests include drop testing fields to check for shorted coils, verifying interpole polarity to ensure brushes don't arc excessively, and checking compound field polarity which should be cumulative, not differential. 3) Performing these basic tests with a multimeter can help ensure a motor will operate properly before being returned to the customer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    261 views2 pages

    Simple Tests To Assure Proper DC Motor Performance: Drop Testing Fields (Shunt, Series, Interpoles)

    Uploaded by

    edgarlimas
    1) Simple tests can be performed on DC motors to check for issues like shorted motor windings or improper brush and field polarities. 2) Key tests include drop testing fields to check for shorted coils, verifying interpole polarity to ensure brushes don't arc excessively, and checking compound field polarity which should be cumulative, not differential. 3) Performing these basic tests with a multimeter can help ensure a motor will operate properly before being returned to the customer.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Simple Tests To Assure Proper DC Motor Performance

    polarity, brushholder spacing, setting shorted. However, variations in the


    neutral and two-way run testing. All magnetic circuit can lead to unequal
    of these tests can usually be per- drop test voltages even though the
    formed with the motor assembled, coils are sound.
    although in some cases the end If a coil tests shorted by the AC
    bracket on the commutator end may drop test method, it should be
    need to be removed to access the field removed from the pole piece, if
    lead connections. possible, and comparison tested to
    another removed coil that has tested
    Drop Testing Fields (Shunt,
    Series, Interpoles) satisfactory and is also separate from
    Shorted shunt fields can cause the its pole piece. The reason for this is
    motor to operate erratically, vary in that iron differences, such as a split in
    speed, or may cause armature current the frame or even a terminal box
    and/or speed to increase. Shorted opening, can affect the AC drop test.
    By Tom Bishop, P.E. Some other examples that illustrate
    series fields may cause the motor
    EASA Technical Support Specialist iron differences are:
    speed to vary more than normal; and
    shorted interpoles often cause • Coils placed flat on a concrete floor
    Editor’s Note: Following is the first may be affected by the proximity of
    of a two-part article that describes sparking (sometimes severe) at the
    brushes. The most common test to reinforcing rod in the floor.
    several simple tests to perform that can • Coils placed on a steel frame table
    help make sure a DC motor operates detect shorted fields is the drop test.
    The drop test can be performed may be affected by the proximity
    properly. To learn more on this subject, of the steel framework.
    EASA’s “Fundamentals of DC using AC or DC voltage. For an AC
    drop test, the tolerance is that the coils • Field coils placed side-by-side for
    Operation and Repair Tips” seminar testing may indicate a difference in
    includes dozens of other tests and tips. be balanced within 10% of the
    average. For the DC drop test, the the coils at each end, since they do
    This seminar will be offered next not have the same amount of iron
    March 18-19 in Denver. Watch tolerance is reduced to +/- 5% of the
    average. The drawback to the DC drop on both sides.
    upcoming issues of CURRENTS for • Sometimes, a shorted coil will
    more details. test is that it relies on Ohms Law to
    detect shorted turns. With a tolerance cause a lower test value for the
    *** of +/- 5%, a coil with 1000 turns could coils immediately adjacent to it.
    There are many tests that can be have a short between two turns less AC voltage drop testing of
    performed on a DC motor to verify than 50 turns apart, and still be within interpoles, series or compensating
    the integrity of windings, correct coil tolerance (50/1000 = 0.05, or 5%). windings can be done using an AC
    polarities and proper running perfor- The AC drop test is more suitable welder if the service center test panel
    mance. What we will address in this than the DC drop test in probing for can not supply the low voltage
    article are a select few simple tests shorted coil turns. Shorted turns in a necessary to limit the current to below
    that can help assure a motor operates coil act like a closed secondary on a rated amperes. Typically, the voltage
    properly when the customer applies it. transformer. The voltage drop needed is less than 120 volts. The
    Our intent is not to oversimplify and variation with shorted coils is often voltage drop test with lower voltage
    suggest that performing these tests quite dramatic, typically much greater uses the same acceptance criteria as
    alone is all that is required for an than the acceptance judgment value. higher voltage; however, the lower
    effective repair. Rather, the intent is to That makes the AC test the preferred coil voltage values must be measured
    highlight some tests that give a drop test method. Typically 120 (or more precisely.
    maximum return for the time invested 240) volts AC is applied to the shunt Because many of these high
    in testing. field circuit and the voltage drop current coils have relatively few turns,
    The tests we will cover are drop across each coil is measured. A a coil-to-coil resistance comparison
    testing fields, checking interpole variation from average of greater than may also reveal shorted turns. The
    polarity, checking compound field 10% is an indicator that a coil is Continued On Page 2

    EASA CURRENTS ■ May 2004 1


    Simple Tests To Assure Proper DC Motor Performance
    Continued From Page 1

    resistance to be measured is very low, If the brushholder leads are output voltage. Figure 1 illustrates the
    typically requiring a digital low accidentally swapped, the polarity of interpole polarity test circuit.
    resistance ohmmeter (DLRO) capable the armature relative to the interpoles
    Compound (Series-to-Shunt)
    of reading into the milli- or micro-ohm will be reversed. Depending on the Field Polarity
    range. A variation in excess of 5% design, the brushes may not arc until The series and shunt field coil
    from average for any one coil is an the motor is loaded. The arcing tends polarities should almost always be the
    indicator of either a short or a high- to be proportional to the load, and same as each other; that is, cumulative
    resistance connection. A coil resistance arcing at full load can be severe compound. Because of their instability,
    that is too low indicates a short, and if enough to cause a flashover. This is there are almost no real-world applica-
    too high, a poor connection (e.g., a one of the most common repair tions for differential compound motors.
    “cold solder joint”). problems experienced unless the Differential compounding is the
    A variation of the AC drop test is technician follows the procedure to condition where the series field coil
    the impedance test. AC voltage is confirm interpole polarity. polarity opposes that of the associated
    applied to a single coil, and the exact Low voltage AC, typically 30-60 shunt field coils.
    voltage and current recorded. The volts, can be applied to the armature In almost all cases, if a differentially
    exact same voltage is applied to each and interpole circuit to verify correct connected motor is operated with load,
    of the other coils, and the currents are interpole polarity. The voltage is sparking at the brushes will occur due
    compared. Impedance is the ratio of applied on two brushholders of to increased armature current. Output
    voltage to current, and by keeping the opposite polarity, and the output power or torque is a function of field
    voltage constant, any change in voltage is measured on the A1 and A2 strength multiplied by armature current.
    current directly reflects a change in leads in the terminal box. The output The formula that relates this is:
    impedance. Being an AC drop test, voltage will be less than the input Torque = k F I; where k is a constant,
    the tolerance for acceptable imped- voltage if the interpole polarity is F is field flux (strength) and I is
    ance variation is 10%. As with the AC correct. The principle at work here is armature current. The armature
    drop test, the proximity of other iron that the interpole opposition of current must increase to compensate
    will affect the results. Table 1 armature flux is like a “buck” for the weakened field with a differ-
    summarizes the tolerance values for autotransformer; correct polarity ential connection.
    both AC and DC drop tests. results in lower combined armature To verify series-to-shunt field
    and interpole circuit output voltage. polarity, connect an analog DC
    Table 1: Tolerance values for The typical output voltage of correct voltmeter (no more than 3 volts scale)
    AC and DC drop tests. polarity interpoles is about 1/2 to 2/3 to the series field leads, with the
    of the input voltage. If the output positive meter lead on S1. Using a 12-
    Drop Test Tolerance voltage is higher than the input, 24 volt DC supply, flash (briefly
    reverse the interpole leads. If the contact and immediately disconnect)
    AC +/- 10% of the average
    voltage drop voltages are the same, either the the shunt field, applying positive
    DC +/- 5% of the average
    interpoles are disconnected, or an voltage to the F1 lead, and observe
    voltage drop equal number of them are opposing the deflection on the voltmeter.
    If 120 volts is applied to 4 coils, the
    each other. Therefore, check for If the meter indication is upscale
    average voltage drop should be 30 volts. incorrect polarity. Motors with (positive), the fields are cumulative
    Deviation should be within the stated compensating (pole-face) windings
    tolerance from that average. compound, which is almost always
    will typically develop a very low the correct relationship.
    Interpole Polarity If the meter deflects downscale
    Interpole polarity should be such (negative) the fields are differentially
    that the interpoles oppose the magnetic compounded and probably incorrect.
    A.C. Input ARM A.C. Output
    flux of the armature. If the interpole In Part II next month, we will
    Interpoles
    polarity is incorrect, severe sparking at learn about these DC motor tests:
    the brushes typically results. In some brushholder spacing, setting
    cases, reversed interpole polarity can neutral and two-way run testing.
    lead to flashover. Figure 1: Interpole polarity test.

    2 EASA CURRENTS ■ www.easa.com

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