NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS

International Journal of Research Publications in Engineering and Technology [IJRPET]

ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 3, March-2017
A NOVEL LOGIC TO STATOR SINGLE PHASE - TO - GROUND FAULT FOR
POWER-FORMER
SHAKIL D. JAMADAR
M.E. Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Fabtech Education Society’s Technical Campus, Sangola, Maharashtra

AKIREDDY SHRAVANKUMAR
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Fabtech Education Society’s Technical Campus, Sangola,
Maharashtra

CHIRRA ANITHA
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Fabtech Education Society’s Technical Campus, Sangola,
Maharashtra

ABSTRACT: Generator. What type of relaying arrangement will be

The stator single-phase to ground fault is one engaged in stator earth fault protection of Generator
of the most common fault that a Generator will depends upon the methods of stator neutral earthing. In
suffer. If such fault is neglected then there are the case of resistance neutral earthing the neutral point
chances of converting it into phase to phase fault. So of stator winding is connected to the ground through a
there is need to detect and isolate the faulty part resistor.
from the rest of the system as early as possible. Here, one current transformer is connected
Because of this, protection is very important across the neutral and earth connection of the alternator.
otherwise there is shortage of power in our system. Now one protective relay is connected across the current
The proposed approach detects the ground transformer secondary. In alternator can feed the power
fault by analyzing the direction, magnitude, and system in two ways, either it is directly connected to the
energy of leakage current, which is the difference of substation bus bar or it is connected to substation via
zero-sequence current fault component between the one star Delta transformer. If the generator is connected
neutral and the terminal of Power-former. The aim directly to the substation bus bars, the relay connected
of the study carried out was realizing 100% coverage across the CT secondary, would be an inverse time relay
of fault detection in internal &external fault because here, relay coordination is required with other
protection for the stator winding of Power former. fault relays in the system. But when the stator of the
KEY WORDS: Power former, Leakage Current & alternator is connected to the primary of a star Delta
Protection against internal& external fault. transformer, the fault is restricted in between stator
winding and transformer primary winding, therefore no
INTRODUCTION: coordination or discrimination is required with other
A new concept of rotating machines that enable earth fault relays of the system. That is why; in this case
direct connection of synchronous generators to the instantaneous armature attracted type relay is
transmission network without any intervening step-up preferable to be connected across the CT secondary.
transformers is presented by Leijon et al. [1]. Such new It is should be noted that, 100 % of the stator
designed cable-wound high voltage generator is called winding cannot be protected in resistance neutral
Power former.This is to be noted that, the star point or earthing system. How much percentage of stator
neutral point of stator winding of an Generator is winding would be protected against earth fault, depends
grounded through an impedance to limit the ground upon the value of earthing resistance and the setting of
fault current. Reduced ground fault current causes less relay. The resistance grounding of stator winding can
damage to the stator core and winding during ground also be made by using a distribution transformer instead
fault. If the ground impedance is made quite high, the of connecting a resistor directly to the neutral path of the
ground fault current may become even less than normal winding.
rated current of the generator. If so, the sensitivity of Inter turn stator winding fault can easily be
phase relays becomes low, even they may fail to trip detected by stator differential protection or stator earth
during fault. For example, a current lower than rated fault protection. Hence, it is not very essential to provide
current makes it difficult to operate differential relays special protection scheme for inter turn faults occurred
for ground fault. In that case, a sensitive ground fault in stator winding. This type of faults is generated if the
relay is used in addition to the differential protection of a insulation between conductors (with different potential)
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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal of Research Publications in Engineering and Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 3, March-2017
in the same slot is punctured. This type of fault rapidly PROPOSED SCHEME:
changes to earth fault. The high voltage generator A Power former energy system is directly
contains a large number of conductors per slot in the connected to the high-voltage network without any step-
stator winding hence, in these cases the additional inter up transformer. The winding of Power former employs
turn fault protection of the stator winding may be cylindrical conductors such as XLPE cables that result in
essential. Moreover in modern practice, inter turn an even electric field distribution Losses in the step-up
protection is becoming essential for all large generating transformer and medium voltage bus-work are avoided
units. Several methods can be adopted for providing by elimination of the step-up transformer. The removal
inter turn protection to the stator winding of generator. of the step-up transformer reduces the number of
Cross differential methods is most common among them. components in the plant, resulting in reduced
In this scheme the winding for each phase is divided into maintenance cost and enhanced plant reliability and
two parallel paths. availability. More compact plant design is also possible.
Each of the paths is fitted with identical current The problem of partial discharge is also eliminated in a
transformer. The secondary of these current Power former energy system.
transformers are connected in cross. The current
transformer secondary is cross connected because
currents at the primary of both CTs are entering unlike
the case of differential protection of transformer where
current entering from one side and leaving to other side
of the transformer. The differential relay along with
series stabilizing resistor are connected across the CT
secondary loop as shown in the figure. If any inter turn
fault occurs in any path of the stator winding, there will Fig. No.1. Implemented system model
be an unbalanced in the CT secondary circuits thereby
actuates 87 differential relay. RESULTS FOR INTERNAL STATOR FAULT:
Many researchers had proposed work on stator
single phase to ground fault protection. Different
methods are used in this type of protection scheme
because this protection saves the total winding from
damage. They try to improve Reliability of the system.
They uses different protection scheme, different voltage
injection schemes, analysis of grounding methods and
observation of voltages at different points etc. So Studies
on stator single phase to ground fault protection on
alternator is very important topic from our power
system point of view.
Main reference paper deals with protection of
stator line to ground faults. It not only detect stator
Fig.no.2. zero sequence voltage for internal stator fault
single phase to ground fault but also give total protection
to stator winding. It detects fault by using direction of
leakage currents, fault point energy dissipations,
magnitude of leakage current. This method is highly
sensitive. It gives complete protection to the stator
winding. It distinguishes between different types of fault
such as internal fault, external fault. In this Paper stator
single phase to ground fault protection scheme is
basically work on direction of leakage current ,
magnitude of leakage current and fault point energy
dissipation has been developed . Finally results have
been complete for proposed scheme. Besides, dynamic
simulation tests have been done to verify the principle. Fig.no.3. phase to ground voltage for internal stator fault

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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal of Research Publications in Engineering and Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 3, March-2017
RESULTS MATLAB MODELFOR EXTERNAL STATOR
FAULT:

Fig. no.4. leakage current for internal stator fault

Fig. no.8. zero sequence voltage in external stator fault

Fig. no. 5. Fault point energy dissipation of

powerformer1 in internal stator fault

Fig. no.9. phase to ground voltage in external stator fault

Fig. no. 6. Fault point energy dissipater for powerformer

2 in internal stator fault

Fig. no.10. leakage current in external stator fault

Fig. no. 7. Fault point energy dissipater for power former Fig. no.11. Fault point energy dissipater for powerformer
3 in internal stator fault 1 in external stator fault
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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal of Research Publications in Engineering and Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 3, March-2017
Therefore, the internal single-phase-to-ground fault
within the Powerformer can result in high leakage
current. Additionally, Powerformers are connected
directly to the transmission net- work without any
intervening step-up transformer, which could have a high
zero-sequence voltage. Powerformers, therefore, are able
to operate relays delivering signals during faults with
sufficient magnitude. The differences of fault point
energy dissipation between Powerformers and
conventional generators are obvious. Therefore, the
faulty Powerformer can be easily detected.

Fig. no. 12. Fault point energy dissipater for

CONCLUSION:
powerformer 2 in external stator fault
The methods implemented traditionally
resulted in low sensitivity and reliability for detecting
and isolating the stator single phase to ground fault in
parallel operation of powerformers. Implemented
technique in this paper is based on the direction of the
leakage currents, fault point energy dissipation;
magnitude of leakage currents is successfully
implemented for overcoming low sensitivity and
reliability.

REFERENCES:
1) IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection, IEEE Std
Fig. no.13. Fault point energy dissipater for powerformer C37.102TM , 2006.
3 in external stator fault 2) IEEE Guide for Generator Ground Protection, IEEE
Std C37.101TM ,2006.
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 NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
International Journal of Research Publications in Engineering and Technology [IJRPET]
ISSN: 2454-7875
VOLUME 3, ISSUE 3, March-2017
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