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EGB373 Summary Permeability

Soil permeability is represented by the coefficient k, which describes the ability of water to flow through the pores and voids in soil. Permeability increases with higher void ratios and decreases with compaction. Darcy's law describes water flow through soil as proportional to the hydraulic gradient and permeability. Permeability can be measured in the laboratory using constant or falling head methods, or estimated in situ through pumping tests.

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307 views1 page

EGB373 Summary Permeability

Soil permeability is represented by the coefficient k, which describes the ability of water to flow through the pores and voids in soil. Permeability increases with higher void ratios and decreases with compaction. Darcy's law describes water flow through soil as proportional to the hydraulic gradient and permeability. Permeability can be measured in the laboratory using constant or falling head methods, or estimated in situ through pumping tests.

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Winston Boon
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Permeability – Summary

Soil is a porous medium > presence of interconnected voids > Permeable (water can flow through soil)
• Permeability Coefficient, k (SI units: m/s, other units: cm/s, m/day)
𝑉𝑣
• Understand the effect of void ratio (e): 𝑒 = ൗ𝑉𝑠 : 𝑒 ↑ ≫ 𝑘 ↑ ≫ 𝑞 ↑ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒 ↓ ≫ 𝑘 ↓ ≫ 𝑞 ↓
• Understand the effect of compaction: 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 ↑ ≫ 𝑒 ↓ ≫ 𝑘 ↓ ≫ 𝑞 ↓

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑯𝒆𝒂𝒅: 𝑯 = 𝒛 + 𝑼Τ𝜸𝒘


• Z = Elevation head in metres (measured with respect to a datum): Positive if above the datum, negative if below the datum
• U = Pore water pressure in kPa = height of water column above the point x γw
• γw = Unit weight of water in kN/m3= 9.8 kN/m3

Seepage Steady state


Head / energy difference Flow properties (eg: H, q) does not
change with time
water flows from high head regions to
low head regions
Head varies with the location
Flow Conditions through soil
Transient state
Total head does not change Flow properties (eg: H, q) change
Static (No with time
flow) with time or location: Constant
H

1-D Flow: Darcy’s Law: 𝒒=𝒌𝑨𝒊 ; 𝒊= ∆𝒉Τ Constant head


device
𝑳 inlet
Inlet Standpipe

inlet
• Average flow velocity: v = k i outlet
Area - a

• Seepage velocity: v’ = v/η ; η = porosity = Vv / V = e/(1+e)


h
Manometers
Determination of coefficient of permeability
1. Laboratory methods
Porous disks h0
or filers
sample Ll Sample
Porous disks
a. Constant head method (for coarse grained soils): AS1289.6.7.1 sample or filers
measurement Area -
sample
A
lL h
measurement 1
𝒒𝒍
• 𝒌= ൗ 𝑨 ∆𝒉
q

b. Falling head method (for fine grained soils): AS1289.6.7.2 Fig. 4 Constant Head Device for
measurement

Constant level
𝒂𝒍 𝒉𝟎
• 𝒌 = 𝟐. 𝟑 𝒍𝒐𝒈 Reservoir
𝑨 𝒕𝟏 𝒉𝟏

• Refer Factors affecting k: temperature correction


Equivalent Hydraulic
𝒎
2. Empirical equations: Hazens’ equation: 𝒌 = 𝟏𝟎 −𝟐
𝑫𝟐𝟏𝟎 ; 𝑫𝟏𝟎 𝒊𝒏 𝒎𝒎 Conductivity
𝒔

3. In-situ methods: Pumping well test k1


H1
Unconfined stratum Confined Stratum k1

k2
Observation H2
q boreholes k2
W.T.
Well

H1k1  H 2 k 2  H 3k3 ..........  H n k n


h2 kx 
( H1  H 2  H 3 .........  H n )
h1

H1  H 2  H 3  ..................  H n
kz 
r1
r2
 H1   H 2   H 3  H 
2.3q log( r2 / r1 )          ...............   n 
k k
2.3q log( r2 / r1 )
 k1   k 2   k3   kn 
 (h 2  h 2 )

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