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MARK SCHEME BIOLOGY 1

SPM TRIAL 2010
NO. JAWAPAN NO. JAWAPAN

1. B 26. D
2. D 27. C
3. A 28. B
4. A 29. D
5. C 30. A
6. D 31. D
7. B 32. B
8. C 33. D
9. B 34. D
10. C 35. D
11. C 36. A
12. A 37. D
13. B 38. A
14. A 39. A
15. A 40. C
16. c 41. D
17. B 42. D
18. D 43. C
19. A 44. C
20. C 45. C
21. C 46. A
22. A 47. C
23. D 48. A
24. C 49. B
25. B 50. D
 
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SKEMA PERCUBAAN SPM PAHANG 2010 4551/2

PERCUBAAN SPM
TAHUN 2010

BIOLOGI
KERTAS 2

SKEMA JAWAPAN

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MARKING SCHEME TRIAL SPM BIOLOGY 2010 PAPER 2

SECTION A
No. Marking criteria Marks
1(a)(i) (i) Able to draw a line to show the location of structure P, Q
and R in the cell.
1
1
P
1 3

(ii) (ii) Able to complete Table 1 by stating the function of

structure P and R

Sample answer

P- transports protein made by the ribosomes

R- site where cellular respiration occurs // energy is 1
generated 1 2

(b) Able to explain the synthesis extracellular enzyme from protein

at the ribosome

Sample answer

P1- Protein enter lumen Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum (RER) 1

P2- Modified in RER into extracellular enzyme 1

P3- carried to the Golgi body by transporting vesicle 1

P4- Processed / Packed in the Golgi body for excretion 1 3

Note : maximum 3 marks

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Able to explain how to ensure the process Y occurs at a

1c maximum rate in the washing of blood stain on a shirt

Sample answer : 1
1
F1- Use (warm) water with temperature of 370C
P1- optimum temperature for enzyme (activity) // Enzymes
work best at this temperature
1
F2- Add more soap/alkali solution (in the water) 1
P2- Enzymes / trypsin / protease work best in an alkaline
medium
OR
1
F3- Add a little vinegar/ acid (in the water) 1
P3- Enzymes/ pepsin work best in an acidic medium

F1 + P1
4
(Any pair of F2 + P2 or F3 + P3)

Able to suggest two types of enzyme that would need to be

present in a washing powder designed to remove blood stains.

Sample answer
- Lipase / Protease 1 1

TOTAL 13

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2(a) Able to name the cell division

Sample answer
Mitosis 1 1

(b)(i) Able to arrange the phase K, L, M and N correctly

Sample answer
L, N, K, M
Note : L, N (1 mark) 1
K, M (1 Mark) 1 2

(ii) Able to describe the behavior for each stages

Sample answer
L : (early) anaphase 1
N : Metaphase 1
K : Sister chromatids separate and move towards the opposite poles 1
M : Chromosome align at metaphase plate 1 4

(c) Able to explain how radiotherapy method can treat cancer

Sample answer

F : Radioactive rays will kill cancer cells 1

P : When all the cancer cells are destroyed, they cannot reproduce 1 2
by mitosis

(d)(i) Able to give differences between Prophase I and Prophase II

Sample answer

Prophase I Prophase II
P1 There is no synapsis occurs Synapsis occurs between 1
homologous chromosomes

P2 The chromosomes do not Crossing over occurs

crossing over between homologous 1 2
chromosomes

(ii) Able to explain the significant of maintaining the diploid

number of chromosomes.
Sample answer
In order for the offspring to have the same chromosomal number of 1 1
their parent
TOTAL 12

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3(a) Able to state the function of alveoli

Sample answer

Place for gaseous exchange // store the oxygen gas before gaseous 1 1
exchange occur

(b) Able to state the characteristic of alveoli

Sample answer

P1 : Have very large total surface area // 1

P2 : have moist surface all the time // 1
P3 : have very thin wall ( only one single layer of cell 1 1
Note : (Any one P)

(c)(i) Able to state the characteristic of trachea

Sample answer
F : have C-shaped cartilage rings // cartilage rings 1
P : keep the trachea open permanently 1
P2 : avoid the trachea from collapse when the outside pressure is 1
higher than inside pressure during inhalation
P3 : oxygen can continuously flow through trachea to the alveoli / 1
Lung 2

Note : ( F one mark, P one mark)

(ii) Able to draw the arrow to show the flow of oxygen in Figure 3.

Oxygen goes in
Carbon dioxide goes out

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(iii) Able to describe how intercostals muscle and diaphragm can

change the volume and pressure in the thoracic cavity during
inhalation
Sample answer

P1 : external intercostal muscles contract/ internal intercostal 1

muscles relax caused the rib cage moves outwards and
upwards
P2 : diaphragm muscles contract, the diaphragm lower and flatten 1
P3 : the volume of thoracic cavity increase but the pressure 1
decrease (lower the atmospheric pressure)
P4 : air forced into the lung // alveolus
1 3

(d) Able to state the differences between the respiratory system in

human and fish
Sample answer

P1 : gill is the respiratory organ for fish but lung is for human 1
P2 : gill have filament and lamella to increase the surface area, but 1
lung have alveoli to increase the surface area
P3 : gill touch / surrounded by water all the time, but lung never
touch/ surrounded by water 1
P4 : gill received oxygen directly from water, but lung received
oxygen from atmosphere via trachea, bronchus and bronchioles 1 3

TOTAL 12

4(a)(i) Able to name the type of joint showed in Diagram 4.

Sample answer
Hinge joint 1 1

(ii) Able to give is the different between the joint mentioned in

(a)(i) and the joint on the shoulder.
Sample answer

P1 – Joint in 4(a)(i) allow movement in one plane 1

P2 – joint on the shoulder allow rotational movement in all 1 2
directions.

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(b)(i) Able to name and state the function of R.

Sample answer

R: synovial fluid 1
F: acts as a lubricant ( which reduces friction between the ends of 1 2
bones)

(ii) Able to name the disease described in above statement.

Sample answer
Arthritis // osteoarthritis 1 1

(c) Able to explain why the contraction of muscles needs sufficient

blood.
Sample answer
P1 – contraction of muscle need more energy from cell respiration 1
P2 – need more oxygen and glucose that transported through blood. 1 2
(any 2P)

(d)(i) Able to give one necessity for support in plants.

Sample answer
To be in an upright position so their leaves can absorb maximum
sunlight for photosynthesis // flower need to be lifted for 1 1
pollination

(ii) Able to name one tissue that provided support to plant in

Diagram 4.2 (a).
Sample answer
schlerenchyma tissue/ xylem tissue 1 1

(iii) Able to explain how turgidity provides supports to plant in

Diagram 4.2(b).
Sample answer
P1 – turgor pressure of liquid content in the vacuole 1
P2 – pushes the cell membrane against the cell wall 1
P3 – creating support for the stem, leaves and roots. 1 3
(Any 2 P)

TOTAL 12

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5(a)(i) Able to label P and Q

Sample answer
P – Glomerulus 1
Q – Bowman capsule 1 2

(ii) Able to state the characteristic of Q

Sample answer
P1 : have very large surface area 1
P2 : have many podocyte (that enable the ultrafiltration occur 1 2
tremendously)

(b)(i) Able to name the process that occurred between P and Q

Sample answer
Ultrafiltration // filtration 1 1

(ii) Able to describe the process that mentioned in (b)(i)

Sample answer
P1 : Blood in Glomerulus have very high hydrostatic pressure 1
(Because the diameter of aferent arteriole is larger then
diameter of eferent arteriole)
P2 : All the component of blood plasma diffuse into Bowman 1
capsule except the bigger molecule (such as protein)
P3 : This fluid known as glomerular filtrate 1 3

(c) Able to explain how Antidiuretic hormone control water

absorption in the convoluted tubule and collecting tubule
Sample answer
P1 : If blood osmotic pressure lower than normal level, it can be 1
detected by osmoreceptor cell in hypothalamus
P2 : Hypothalamus will produce less ADH ( and send to kidney) 1
P3 : Convoluted tubule and collecting duct become less permeable 1
to water
P4 : Less water will be reabsorb by the tubule thus 1
P5 : Osmotic pressure of blood increase back to normal pressure. 1

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SKEMA PERCUBAAN SPM PAHANG 2010 4551/2

OR

P1 : If blood osmotic pressure higher than normal level, it can be 1

detected by osmoreceptor cell in hypothalamus 3
P2: Hypothalamus will produce more ADH ( and send to kidney) 1
P3 : Convoluted tubule and collecting duct become more 1
permeable to water
P4 : More water will be reabsorb by thus tubule 1 11
P5 : Osmotic pressure of blood become normal again 1

TOTAL

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SECTION B
No. Marking criteria (sample answers) Marks
6a.i. Able to explain the meaning of negative feedback
P1:it is a corrective mechanism (which reverses the original change 1
and brings the system back to normal)
P2: when the blood glucose level decreases, it will increase and finally 1
back to normal// vice versa Total =2
a.ii Able to explain how hormone X and Y regulate the blood glucose
level 1
P1: Hormone X and Y are produced by pancreas 1
P2: Hormone X/glucagon is secreted by alpha cells whereas hormone
Y/insulin is secreted by beta cells 1
P3:if the blood sugar level is lower than normal, more hormone
X/glucagon is secreted into blood stream 1
P4: hormone X/glucagon is transported by the blood to the liver 1
P5: hormone X/glucagon causes/stimulates the liver to breakdown
glycogen to glucose 1
P6: this causes the level of glucose to rise and back to normal 1
P7:if the blood sugar level is higher than normal, more hormone
Y/insulin is secreted 1
P8:hormone Y/insulin causes/stimulates the liver to convert glucose
into glycogen 1
P9:this causes the level of glucose decrease and back to normal Any 8
Total = 8
b.i. Able to explain the regulation of the body temperature in cool
condition 1
P1:when the environment is too cold, the stimuli is detected by
receptors in the skin 1
P2:impulse is sent to brain/hypothalamus 1
P3: hypothalamus send impulse to the effectors 1
P4:sweat glands are not stimulated so no sweating 1
P5:vasoconstriction of arterioles in the skin, less blood flows to the
skin 1
P6: so less heat is lost (to surrounding) 1
P7: erector muscle contracts, hair raise up so trap more heat
P8:adrenal gland secrete adrenaline whereas thyroid gland secretes 1
thyroxin to increase metabolic rate Any 6 = 6
P9: shivering takes place, this results in increased the production of
heat

b.ii Able to state the name of hormones and explain the use of it

F1: auxin F1 with any P1-

P1: promote the growth of adventitious root P5=
P2:induce the development of fruit without 1+1
fertilization/parthenocapy/fruit without seed

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P3:kill the dicot weeds

P4: prevent young developing fruit from falling off prematurely F2+P6=1+1
P5:gardeners use auxins to stimulate growth of fruits/to delay fruit
ripening Total=4

F2: ethylene
P6:promoting the ripening of fruits // the unripe imported fruit will be
exposed to ethylene gas for sale
7a.i Able to describe the respiratory structures and breathing mechanism
of an insect
Respiratory structure
R1: the tracheal system consists of network of trachea
R2: the trachea is lined with chitin to prevent from collapsing
R3:spiracle is tiny openings that allow air to go in and out
R4: the trachea branch into fine tubes called tracheole Any 4 = 4m
R5: the tracheole branch throughout the body and penetrate into body
tissues/muscle

Breathing mechanism
B1:when the insect inhales, the abdominal muscles relax and spiracles Any 4 = 4m
open
B2:air pressure inside the trachea decreases and air is drawn in
B3: when the insect exhale, the abdominal muscles contract
B4:so increase air pressure inside trachea and forces air out through
spiracles
B5:insect inhale and exhale through rhythmic contraction and
expansion of their abdominal muscles
B6:the body movement and contractions of abdominal muscles speed
up the rate of diffusion of gases from trachea into body cells Total = 8
b Able to describe the intake of oxygen by plants for respiration
Structure involved
S1: the intake occurs by diffusion mainly through stomata and Any 2S =2m
lenticels
S2:stomata can be found in epidermis of the leaves /the stems of
herbaceous plants
S3:lenticels can be found on the stems and roots of plants

Explanation Any 4P=4m

P1:when stomata open, they connect the air spaces (within the leave)
to atmosphere
P2:oxygen from atmosphere diffuses into the air spaces
P3:then dissolves in the film of water around the mesophyll cells
P4:so the concentration of oxygen in the cells becomes lower than in
the air spaces

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SKEMA PERCUBAAN SPM PAHANG 2010 4551/2

P5:thus, oxygen diffuse continuously from air spaces to the cell

P6:during daytime, carbon dioxide that is produced during respiration Total =6m
is used in photosynthesis
P7:the excess carbon dioxide diffuses into the air spaces and then
through stomata into atmosphere

c Able to name the organelle correctly

P: mitochondrion 1
Q: chloroplast 1

Able to explain the differences between the process in organelle P and

Q

Organelle P/Mitochondrion Organelle

Q/chloroplast 1
Process Respiration Photosynthesis 1
Aim Release energy Stores energy 1
Raw Glucose, oxygen Water, carbon
materials dioxide, light 1
Products Energy, water, carbon dioxide Glucose/starch,
water and oxygen 1
Energy Not required Required in form of
light Any 4sets=4m

Total = 6m

8.a Able to describe the formation of pollen grains and development of

the embryo sac

Pollen grains
G1:pollen is produced in the anther (which consists of four pollen
sacs) Any 4G=4m
G2:each pollen sac contains hundred of pollen mother cells which is
diploid
G3:each mother cells undergoes meiosis to form four haploid
microspores/cells/tetrad
G4:each cell /tetrad develop into pollen
G5:the nucleus of each cell/microspore/tetrad undergoes mitosis to
form (pollen) tube nucleus and a generative nucleus

Embryo sac Any 4E=4m

E1:embryo sac mother cell(diplod/2n) undergoes meiosis to form four
haploid cells/megaspores
E2:three of the cells/megaspores degenerate, leaving only one(in the

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ovule)
E3:nucleus of megaspore undergoes mitosis three times to form eight
haploid nuclei
E4:three of eight nuclei migrate to one end of the cell to form
antipodal cells
E5:another two nuclei/polar nuclei move to the centre
E6:(near the opening of ovule/micropyle) one of three nuclei develops
into egg cell/female gamete flanked by two synergid cells
E7:the structure formed is known as embryo sac Total=8m

8b Able to describe the process of double fertilization in plant

F1:a pollen grain on stigma initiates the fertilization process
F2:sugar (solution) in the stigma stimulates the pollen to germinate Any 2 from F1-
and form a pollen tube F6 =2m
F3:the pollen tube grows down the style towards the ovule
F4:(during the growth of pollen tube) the generative nucleus divides
by mitosis and form two male gamete nuclei
F5:the male nuclei follow the tube nucleus down the pollen tube
F6:pollen tube reaches ovule through micropyle and tube nucleus
disintergrates
F7:one male gamete nucleus fuses with egg nucleus forming diploid F7 & F8 are
zygote(2n) compulsory=2m
F8:other male gamete nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei forming
a triploid nucleus(3n)

Able to explain the importance of double fertilization for the survival

of flowering plants
S1:genetic information of parents plants is passed down to the next Any 2S=2m
generation (diploid zygote)
S2:variation in next generation (as a result of the formation of the
male gamete fuses with egg cell)
S3:endosperm provides food for developing embryo during
germination Total = 6m
S4:seeds are surrounded by ovary which develops into fruit, thus fruit
protect the seeds – for survival in new habitat
c Able to explain the methods to prevent pregnancy(family planning)
F1:Diaphragm
P1:inserted into vagina to cover the cervix to stop sperm from entering Any 3 sets =
the uterus 6m

F2:IUD
P2:fitted into uterus by doctor and can be left in the uterus (2years)
and prevent implantation

F3:spermicide
P3:chemical cream/gel/foam is applied to vaginal walls before

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copulation and kill the sperms ejaculated into vagina

F4:contraceptive pills
P4:prevents ovulation (by inhibiting the secretion of FSH and LH)

F5:tubal ligation
P5:both the fallopian tubes are cut and tied (in an operation) causes
the ovum cannot reach the part of Fallopian tube, fertilization is not
occured
9.a Able to explain how classification system is used
C1:based on Linnaeus Binomial system 1
C2:the first name begin with capital letter refers to genus whereas 1
second name begins with small letter refers to species
C3:the names are written in italic 1
C4:(based on example from question) Panthera is the genus and tigris 1
is the species Total =4m
b Able to name and describe the interaction s shown
Diagram 9.2 (i)
F1 : Commensalism 1
P1:a clown fish gains protection from (predators) by living among sea 1
anemones
P2:sea anemones unaffected 1
F1+ P1/P2=2m

F2:Mutualism
P3:alge synrthesis for itself and for fungus 1
P4:fungus supplies carbon dioxide and nitrogenous compound for alga 1
to synthesise its food 1
F2+P3/P4=2m

Total=4m
9.c Able to describe the benefits of microorganism (fungi) in products for
human

B1:bread making 1
P1:flour, sugar and yeast are used. Yeast helps the dough to rise 1
through fermentation that release carbon dioxide
B2:beer making – 1
P2:two species of yeast are used, beer is brewed from barley grains 1
B3:wine 1
P3:is made through fermentation of grape juices produce ethanol 1
B4:soya sauce 1
P4:is made from soya beans fermented by the action of fungi 1

Any 3 sets of
B+P

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(correspond)
Notes:
i.if only B is
stated without
P, maximum
mark is 2
ii. B is correct
and P is wrong,
award mark
only for B

Total=6m

d. Able to state three ways to conserve and preserve the biodiversity

F1:replanting programmes after selective logging in rainforest
P!:each house/school plant at least one tree
F2:campaign through media/NGO/private sectors
P2:banner/radio/television/pamphlet
F3:recycle/reuse/reduce waste products
P4:build the centre for recycling/any relevant explanation
F4:stop open burning
P4:dig and put the waste in the ground
F5:car pool/use public transport
P5:reduce the use of fuel and release of pollutants
F6:any relevant fact any 6 = 6m
P6: any relevant explanation total = 6m

END OF MARK SCHEME

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BIOLOGY 3
Peraturan Pemarkahan
Peperiksaan Percubaan SPM 2010

QUESTION 1

1 (a) KB0603 – Measuring Using Numbers

Score Criteria

Able to record all 4 Final length of cylindrical potato strip in the box given correctly.

The concentration of sucrose The final length of cylindrical potato strip (cm)
solution( M)
0.2
5.6
3 0.3
5.3

0.4
4.6

0.5 4.2

Able to record any 3 or 2 final length of cylindrical potato strip correctly.

2

1 Able to record any one final length of cylindrical potato strip correctly.

No response or all incorrectly

0

(b) (i) [KB0601 - Observation]

Score Criteria
3 Able to state any two different observations correctly according to the criteria:

Must state the value of MV and RV:

MV - The concentration of sucrose
RV - The final length of cylindrical potato strip

Sample answers:
1. In concentration of sucrose, 0.2 M, the final length of cylindrical potato strip
is 5.6 cm
2. In concentration of sucrose 0.5M, the final length of cylindrical potato strip is 4.2 cm
3. In concentration of sucrose 0.3M, the final length of cylindrical potato strip is 5.3 cm
4. In concentration of sucrose 0.4, the final length of cylindrical potato strip is 4.6 cm

2 Able to state any one observation correctly.

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or
Able to state any two incomplete observations ( any 2 criteria)

 Not state the value one of 2 criteria

Sample answers:
1. In concentration of sucrose lower, the final length of cylindrical potato strip is
5.6cm
2. In concentration of sucrose higher, the final length of cylindrical potato strip is 4.2 cm
3. The concentration of sucrose 0.2M, the final length of cylindrical potato strip is long
// longer
4. The concentration of sucrose 0.5, the final length of cylindrical potato strip is short //
shorter

1 Able to state any one idea of observation.(any 1criteria)

Sample answers:
1. The final length of cylindrical potato depends on the concentration of sucrose.
2. The concentration of sucrose influence the final length of cylindrical potato strip.
3. The concentration of sucrose is different , the final length of cylindrical potato strip
is different

0 No response or wrong response.

Scoring
Score Correct Inaccurate Idea Wrong
3 2 - - -
1 1 - -
2
- 2 - -
1 - 1 -
1 - - 2 -
- 1 1 -
1 - - 1
- 1 - 1
0
- - 1 1

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1 (b) (ii) [KB0604 - Making inferences]

Score Criteria
Able to make one inference for each observation based on the criteria

State the :
o The concentration of sucrose solution
3 o Reason ( movement of water )

Sample answers:

1. For 0.2 M / 0.3M sucrose solution is hypotonic / more concentration of water molecule
compare the cell sap cause more water molecules move / diffuse into the cell sap of
potato strip by osmosis .

2.For 0.4 M / 0.5M sucrose solution, is hypertonic / more concentration of water compare
the cell sap cause more water molecules move /diffuse out from cell sap of potato strip
by osmosis .

Able to make one inference for any one observation.

or
2 Able to make one and incomplete inference Sample answer:
for each observation.

Sample answers:

1. For 0.2 M / 0.3M sucrose solution more water molecules move / diffuse into the cell
sap of potato strip by osmosis .

2.For 0.4 M / 0.5M sucrose solution, more water molecules move /diffuse out from
cell sap of potato strip by osmosis .

1 Able to make an idea of inference with one criterion.

0 No response or wrong response.

Scoring
Score Correct Inaccurate Idea Wrong
3 2 - - -
1 1 - -
2
- 2 - -
1 - 1 -
1 - - 2 -
- 1 1 -
1 - - 1
- 1 - 1
0
- - 1 1

Note : Cannot repeat observation

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1(c) [KB0610–Variables]
Able to state all 3 variables and the 3 methods to handle the variable correctly.

Sample Answer :
Variables Method to handle the variable correctly
Manipulated variable

The concentration of sucrose Use the different concentration of sucrose solution

solution
OR

Change the concentration of sucrose

solution

Responding variable

The final length of (cylindrical) Measure and record the length of cylindrical
potato strip potato strip by using ruler
3

Constant variable

The volume/ quantity of sucrose Use the same / the volume of sucrose solution //
solution // the initial length of quantity of sucrose solution // the initial length of
cylindrical potato strip cylindrical potato strip is 5cm

OR

Fixed the volume / quantity of sucrose solution //

the initial length of cylindrical potato strip is 5 cm

6 ticks correctly
4 - 5 ticks correctly.
2
 Reject way how to handle variable if variable is wrong.
Able to state 2-3 ticks correctly
1
Able to state 1 tick correctly or no respons
0

3 mark – 6 ticks
2 mark – 4-5 ticks
1 mark-2-3 ticks

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1(d) [KB0611- Making Hypothesis]

Score Criteria
Able to state a hypothesis to show a relationship between the manipulated variable and
responding variable and the hypothesis can be validated, base on 3 criteria:
 manipulated variable (P1)
 responding variable (P2)
 relationship (H)

Sample answer :
3 1. if the concentration of sucrose solution is increase / rise/ higher, the final
length of cylindrical potato strip is decrease/ lower // vise versa
2. the higher concentration of sucrose solution, the lower / shorter final length of
cylindrical potato strip // vice versa

Able to state a hypothesis relating the manipulated variable and responding variable
inaccurately with two criteria correctly :
 Manipulated variable
 Responding variable
 No relationship/ incorrectly

2 Sample answer:
1. if the concentration of sucrose solution is different , the final length of
cylindrical potato strip is different
2. the different concentration of sucrose solution, the different final length of
cylindrical potato strip // vice versa

Able to state a hypothesis relating the manipulated variable at idea level, with one
criteria correctly

Sample answer:
1. Different concentration of sucrose solution influenced the final length of
1 cylindrical potato strip
2. The final length of cylindrical potato strip depends on the concentration of
sucrose solution
3. . The final length of cylindrical potato strip affected by the concentration of
sucrose solution
.

Not able to response or wrong response.

0

Note : directly proportional and inversely proportional are not accepted

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1(e)(i) [KB0606 – Communicating]

Score Criteria
3 Able to construct a table by using the criteria given

T : State all the title /aspects is given with the correct unit
D : State all data for the 3 aspect
C : All calculation / percentage changes in length correct

Sample answers

The The initial length The final length of The percentage

concentration of potato strip potato strip (cm) changes in the length
of sucrose (cm) of potato strip (%)
solution (M)
0.1 5 5.9 18

0.2 5 5.6 12

0.3 5 5.3 6

0.4 5 4.6 -8

4.2
0.5 5 -16

2 Able to record two criterias correctly

1 Able to record one criteria correctly

0 No response or wrong response.

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1 (e)(ii) [KB0612 – Relationship between space and time]

Score Criteria

Able to draw the graph correctly with the following aspects:

P(paksi) : Axes :
Uniform scales on both horizontal and vertical axis – 1 mark

T (titik ) : Points :
All points plotted correctly - 1 mark

B ( bentuk ) : Curve :
3
Able to join all the points to form a smooth graph / passing
through all point
-ve gradient - 1 mark

Sample answer :
X axes : MV –the percentage change in lenght (%)
Y axes : RV - concentration of the sucrose solution

2 Any two correct.

Any one correct

1

0 No response or wrong response.

1(f) [KB0608 – Interpreting Data]

Score Criteria
3 Able to state the concentration of sucrose solution which is isotonic to the
concentration of the cell sap of the potatoes base on the graph and give a reasons.
State all the criteria

Criteria:

P1: State the concentration of sucrose solution base on the graph ( intercept / cut
on X axis ) : value accept 0.35M + 0.01
P2: does not cause any changes to the length of the potato strip
P3 : amount of water in and out of the potato strip / cell is the same.

Sample answer:

The concentration of sucrose solution which is isotonic to the concentration of the

cell sap of the potatoes base on the graph is 0.35M , that does not cause any changes
to the length of the potato strip because amount of water in and out of the potato strip
/ cell is the same.

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2 Able to state the concentration of sucrose solution which is isotonic to the

concentration of the cell sap of the potatoes base on the graph and give a reasons.

State any two the criteria only.

Sample answer:

The concentration of sucrose solution which is isotonic to the concentration of the

cell sap of the potatoes base on the graph is 0.35 M , that does not cause any changes
to the length of the potato strip.

1 Able to state the idea of the relationship used base on one criteria
Sample answer :

Sample answer:

1. The concentration of sucrose solution which is isotonic to the concentration of

the cell sap of the potatoes base on the graph is 0.35M

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

1(g) [KB0605 – Predicting]

Score Criteria
3 Able to predict the result accurately.
Relationship :

P1 = Able to state the changes of mustard green stem strips / condition

P2 = Able to state inward
P3 = Able to state the reason (movement of water)

Sample answer:
1. The mustard green stem strip will become shrink/ flaccid and curve inward( epidermis
outside ) because water molecules move out from cell sap (of the mustard green)

2 Able to predict the result less accurate base on two criterias:

Sample answer :
1. The mustard green stem strip will become shrink/ flaccid and curve inward( epidermis
outside ) because ( ANY INCORRECTLY REASON )

1 Able to give idea of the result base on one criterion

Sample answer :
1. The mustard green stem strip will become shrink/ flaccid

0 Not able to response or wrong response.

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1(i) [KB0609 –Defining by Operation]

Score Criteria
3 Able to state correctly the meaning of osmosis process relationship base on three criterias
:

P1 : Osmosis concept based on the observation

P2 : related to the different concentration of sucrose solution
P3 : Effect to the potato strips

Sample answer:
Osmosis is a process which is potato strips immersed in sucrose solution cause water
molecules move in / out of the potato strip across the plasma membrane depends on the
different concentration of sucrose solution that will affect the length of potato strip.

2 Able to state the meaning of osmosis or as a concept base on two criterias :

P1 and P2 // P1 and P3 // P2 and P3

1 Able to state the idea base on one criteria

P1/P2/P3 only
0 Not able to response or wrong response.

1(i) [KB0602 – Classifying]

Score Criteria
3 Able to classify all ( 4 pairs) correctly the concentration of sucrose solution with unit
and conditions of mustard green into table 3

Sample answer:

Concentration of sucrose Conditions of mustard green

solution

0.2 M B
0.5 M A
0.6 M C
0.8 M D

2 Able to classify 3 pairs correctly into table 3

1 Able to classify 2 pairs correctly into table 3

0 Able to classify one pair or no response

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QUESTION 2

PROBLEM STATEMENT

No. Mark Scheme Score

2(i) Able to state a problem statement relating the manipulated variable

KB061201 with the responding variable correctly 3
P1 : (Type of) food samples / white bread and cashew nuts.
P2 : energy content/value in food samples/ final water temperature
H : question form and question mark(?)

Sample answer
1. Which types of food samples, the white bread or cashew nuts , has
a higher energy value/content?
2. Do different types of food samples contain similar energy
value / content?
3. Do white bread / cashew nuts has a higher energy value/content
compared to cashew nuts / white bread?

Able to state a problem statement less accurately 2

Sample answer
1. Which types of food samples, the white bread or cashew nuts , has
a higher energy value/content. (no H)
2. Do different samples contain similar energy value / content? (no
P1)
3. Do white bread / cashew nuts has a higher energy value/content ?
(incomplete P1.
4. Different types of food samples has different energy value/content?
(no H)

Able to state a problem statement at idea level 1

Sample answer
1. Which food has higher energy? (no P1 and P2)
2. Do white bread has a higher energy value.(no P1 and H)

No response or incorrect response 0

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AIM OF INVESTIGATION

No. Mark Scheme Score

2 (ii) Able to state the objective of the investigation correctly
KB061203
Sample answer
To determine and compare the energy content/value in white bread
and cashew nuts.

HYPOTHESIS

No. Mark Scheme Score

2 (iii) Able to state a hypothesis relating the manipulated variable to the
KB061202 responding variable correctly 3
P1 : type of food samples / white bread and cashew nuts.
P2 : energy content/value (in food samples)
H : relationship

# P1 must different food class

Sample answer
1. Cashew nuts have a higher energy value/content than white bread.
2. White bread has lower energy value/content than cashew nuts.
2. Different type of food samples contain different energy
value /content.

Able to state a hypothesis inaccurately

*Have P1 and P2 or P1/P2 and H 2

Sample answer
1. Type of food samples influences the energy value/content in food
samples. (no H)
2. Cashew nuts have a higher energy value/content. (incomplete P1)
3. Type of food samples contains different energy value /content.
4. Higher final water temperature, higher energy value (P1 twice)

Able to state a hypothesis at idea level 1

Sample answer
White bread / cashew nuts has energy content/value. (only P2)

No response or incorrect response 0

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VARIABLES

No. Mark Scheme Score

2 (iv) Able to state all three variables correctly
KB061203
Sample answer
Manipulated : (Type of) food samples // cashew nuts and white bread

Responding : The energy value of food samples // final water

temperature

Fixed : Volume of distilled water / the mass of food / Initial

temperature of distilled water

LIST OF APPARATUS AND MATERIALS

No. Mark Scheme Score

Able to list all the important apparatus and materials correctly.
6-7 apparatus(A) + 5 materials (M)
## type of food sample must from different food class
2(v) 3
*compulsory apparatus and materials
KB061205
Sample answer
Apparatus : *boiling tubes, *thermometer, retort stand, pin,
measuring cylinder, Bunsen burner and electronic balance.

Materials : *distilled water, *white bread, *cashew nuts, plasticine

and cotton wool.

Able to list any 4-5 apparatus (including * ) and 3 * materials 2

Able to list any 2-3 apparatus (including * ) and 3 * materials 1

No response or incorrect response 0

1 apparatus + 3 * materials

Remark :
√ for title materials and apparatus for planning experiment.

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TECHNIQUE USED

No. Mark Scheme Score

2 (iv) Able to state the operating responding variable correctly using
KB061203 suitable apparatus B1 = 1

Sample answer
1. Measure and record the final / the increase in temperature of
distilled water using a thermometer.
or
2. Calculate the energy value of food samples using a formula :

Energy value = 4.2 (Jg-1 0C-1 ) x mass of water (g) x

increase in temperature (0C)
(kJg-1 )
Mass of food sample (g) x 1000

PROCEDURE

No. Mark Scheme Score

Able to describe the steps of experiment correctly based on the
2 (vii) following aspects:
KB061204 K1 : Preparation of materials and apparatus (any 4)
K2 : Operating the constant variable (any 1)
K3 : Operating the responding variable (any 1)
K4 : Operating the manipulated variable (any 1)
K5 : Steps to increase reliability of results accurately / precaution
(any 1)

Sample answers
1. Weight and record the mass of white bread.
2. Fill a boiling tube with 20ml of distilled water.
3. Clamp the boiling tube to the retort stand in an upright
position as shown in the diagram.
4. Record the initial temperature of the distilled water in the
boiling tube.
5. Fix the white bread at the end of the pin.
6. Ignite the white bread by holding it in the flame of a Bunsen
burner. Then immediately place it beneath the boiling tube to
heat the water.
7. Stir the water gently with the thermometer.
8. Record the final temperature of the distilled water in the
boiling tube.
9. Repeat steps 1-8 using cashew nuts to replace the white bread.
10. Calculate the energy value of the food samples by using the

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formula :
Energy value = 4.2 (Jg-1 0C-1 ) x mass of water (g) x
increase in temperature (0C)
(kJg-1 )
Mass of food sample (g) x 1000

11. Record/tabulate all the results in the table.

K1 (any 4)
1.Weight white bread
2. Weight chew nut
3. Fill the boiling tube
4. Clamp
5. Fix at the end of the pin
6. Ignite
7. place burning food under the boiling tube to heat the water.

K2 (any 1)
1. Fix the volume of distilled water is 20ml
2. Fix the mass of food samples
3. Fix the initial temperature of water

K3 (any 1)
1. Record the final temperature of water by using thermometer
2. Calculate the energy value of the food samples by using the
formula :
Energy value = 4.2 (Jg-1 0C-1 ) x mass of water (g) x
increase in temperature (0C)
(kJg-1 )
Mass of food sample (g) x 1000

K4 (any 1)
1. Replaced / change the experiment with another food samples (
name the food sample from different food class)

Example:

Replace white bread with cashew nuts

K5 (any 1)
1. Stir the water gently with the thermometer.
2. Repeat experiment to get average reading.
3. Use an insulator shield to reduce heat loss to the surroundings.
4. To ensure that the food is oxidized completely, make sure the food
is burnt completely.

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All 5 K 3

Any 3 - 4 K 2

Any 2 K 1

No response or incorrect response or 1 K only. 0

Remark:

1K - √ for title procedure for planning experiment.

No. Mark Scheme Score

Able to construct a table to record data based on the following
2 (viii) aspects : B2 = 1
KB061203 1. Correct title and units (*titles –compulsory)
Sample answer

Types of food samples *

White bread * Cashew nuts *
Mass (g)
Initial temperature (oC)
Final temperature (oC)
Change in temperature (oC) *
Energy value (J/g) / (kJ/g) *

CONCLUSION

No. Mark Scheme Score

2(ix) Able to make the right conclusion correctly
KB061203
Sample answer
Cashew nuts have a higher energy value/content than white bread
Hypothesis accepted

Reject : (only) Hypothesis accepted

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PLANNING OF EXPERIMENT

No. Mark Scheme Score

2(x) Able to write the experimental planning
KB061203
1. Problem Statement
2. Aim
3. Hypothesis
4. Variables
5. Materials and Apparatus
6. Technique
7. Procedure
8. Result
9. Conclusion

7 - 9 ticks 3

4 - 6 ticks 2

2 - 3 ticks 1

0 – 1 tick
No response or incorrect response 0

END OF MARKING SCHEME

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