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    Binary Phase Diagrams: Application To The Crystallization of Magmas

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    tarek mahmoud
    The document discusses binary phase diagrams and how they can be used to model the crystallization of magmas and minerals. It explains concepts like the phase rule, lever rule, and fractional crystallization that are used to analyze phase relationships on binary phase diagrams. Several examples of specific mineral systems are provided, including diagrams showing liquidus temperatures, solid solution behavior, and invariant points that control mineral assemblages.

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    Binary Phase Diagrams: Application To The Crystallization of Magmas

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    tarek mahmoud
    41 views11 pages
    The document discusses binary phase diagrams and how they can be used to model the crystallization of magmas and minerals. It explains concepts like the phase rule, lever rule, and fractional crystallization that are used to analyze phase relationships on binary phase diagrams. Several examples of specific mineral systems are provided, including diagrams showing liquidus temperatures, solid solution behavior, and invariant points that control mineral assemblages.

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    The document discusses binary phase diagrams and how they can be used to model the crystallization of magmas and minerals. It explains concepts like the phase rule, lever rule, and fractional crystallization that are used to analyze phase relationships on binary phase diagrams. Several examples of specific mineral systems are provided, including diagrams showing liquidus temperatures, solid solution behavior, and invariant points that control mineral assemblages.

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    41 views11 pages

    Binary Phase Diagrams: Application To The Crystallization of Magmas

    Uploaded by

    tarek mahmoud
    The document discusses binary phase diagrams and how they can be used to model the crystallization of magmas and minerals. It explains concepts like the phase rule, lever rule, and fractional crystallization that are used to analyze phase relationships on binary phase diagrams. Several examples of specific mineral systems are provided, including diagrams showing liquidus temperatures, solid solution behavior, and invariant points that control mineral assemblages.

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    Binary Phase Diagrams

    Application to the crystallization of


    magmas
    Phase Rule
    • dF = C – P + 2
    • C = no. of chemical components = 1 for this example (Al2SiO5)
    • P = no. of phases
    • dF = degrees of freedom

    Kyanite dF=1-2+2=1
    univariant
    P (kbar) dF=1-3+2=0
    dF=1-1+2=2 invariant
    divariant Sillimanite

    Andalusite

    Temp. (Deg. C)
    Igneous Phase Rule for Binary
    Systems
    • Phase rule: calculates the variability of a
    chemical system- the degrees of freedom:
    – dF = C – P + 1 (Note: pressure not on graph)
    – dF = degrees of freedom
    – C = number of chemical components
    – P = number of phases
    Lever Rule (Tie Line Rule)
    • Given a line representing a mixture of 2
    components the phase composition is proportional
    to the proximity to the end member components

    10 cm
    7.8 cm

    CaAl2Si2O8 Tie Line NaAlSi3O8


    Red dot represents a plagioclase crystal of composition
    78% Albite and 22% Anorthite (i.e. Ab78 or An22)
    Binary Eutectic Phase Diagram
    T1 dF=2-1+1= 2 LIQUID
    M.P. OF A FIELD
    0 Deg. C
    dF=2-2+1= 1
    dF=2-3+1= 0
    72% 28%
    T2 EUTECTIC M.P. OF B
    FIELD OF -15 Deg. C
    A+LIQUID
    FIELD OF
    B+LIQUID
    48% 52%
    SOLIDUS
    T3
    T4 -45 Deg. C
    31% 69%
    FIELD OF
    A+B

    A (Water H2O) 69A+31B 53A+47B 41A+59B B (Glycol C2H6O2)

    Temp. Vol. % Melt Melt comp. Vol. % Solid Solid comp.

    T1 100 69A+31B 0 NA

    T2 72 53A+47B 28 A

    T3 48 41A+59B 52 A

    T4 0 NA 100 69A+31B
    Di+An
    Binary M

    System
    MELT

    TEMP. T1
    An+melt
    Di+melt 36% 64%
    T2
    43% 57%
    T3
    30% T4
    70%
    Di+An

    CaMgSi2O6 CaAl2Si2O8
    20 40 60 80
    T3 Magma Chamber Diopside Anorthite

    Temp. Vol. % Melt Melt Comp. Vol. % Solid Solid Comp.

    T1 100 70An+30Di 0.0 N/A

    T2 64 53An+47Di 36 An

    T3 57 47An+53Di 43 An

    T4 0 NA 100 70An+30Di

    An+Di groundmass An phenocrysts


    Binary Solid Solution Phase Diagram Fractional crystallization
    of composition M
    M
    An0
    An95
    T1

    45% 55%
    An87 T3

    T3

    An95

    An32 An53 An67


    NaAlSi3O8 CaAl2Si2O8
    Ab An
    Equilibrium Crystallization of M
    Temp. %Melt Comp. Melt %Solid Comp. solid
    T1 100 An67 0 An95
    T2 55 An53 45 An87
    T3 0 An32 100 An67
    Binary Eutectic+Subsolidus Phase Diagram Equilibrium crystallization of
    composition M
    P=5000 bars
    M
    MELT

    T1 68
    32
    Or-rich feld. + Liquidus
    MELT
    T2 Solidus 11 89 Ab-rich feld.
    TEMP. + MELT Single Plag.
    Ab-rich feld.
    feldspar (Or4)
    T3
    Or-rich feld. phenocryst
    at T4
    Solvus
    (Perthite) K-feld.
    Two feldspars
    (Or83)
    T4 7 93

    KAlSi3O8 (Or) NaAlSi3O8 (Ab)

    Temp. % solid solid comp. % melt melt comp.


    T1 32 Or97 68 Or76
    T2 89 Or86 11 Or48
    T3 100 Or82 NA NA
    T4 100 93%Or83+7%Or4 NA NA
    Binary Peritectic Phase Diagram Equilibrium crystallization of
    composition X

    equilibrium crystallization = T1: %Solid = 48 (pure Fo)


    equilibrium crystallization = %Melt = 52
    Fo+En in final rock En+Cr in final rock (32%SiO2+68%Mg2SiO4)
    T2: %Solid = 100
    (45%Fo+55%En)
    X
    Incongruent
    Melt melting En
    Fo
    En
    En En
    Fo

    T En
    Fo+melt Fo
    En
    Cr+melt En
    En
    Fo
    En
    T1
    52% 48%
    Fo En
    T2
    En
    55% 45%
    En
    Fo+En En+melt En+Cr
    Groundmass composition =
    100% En (55% of chamber)
    10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
    Mg2SiO4 SiO2 Phenocryst composition =
    MgSi03 100% Fo (45% of chamber)
    (Fo) (En) (Cr)
    Replacement of Fo by
    En
    1300

    1200 Congruent melting


    (Thermal divide)
    1100

    1000
    o
    TC

    900

    800

    700

    KAlSiO4 KAlSi3O8 SiO2


    Leucite (Lc) Orthoclase (Or) Quartz (Q)
    Summary
    • Invariant Points: MP, Eutectic, Peritectic
    • Univariant lines: Liquidus, Solidus
    • Divariant fields: Melt, Melt + Solid, Solid
    • Incongruent vs. Congruent melting

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