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    Indonesia PDF

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    Ajeng Amelianingtyas
    Indonesia has a population of 222.8 million people with 48% living in urban areas. Environmental risk factors contribute significantly to Indonesia's disease burden, accounting for 23% of total burden of disease. Key environmental risk factors include indoor air pollution from solid fuel use (causing 45,300 deaths/year), outdoor air pollution (causing 32,300 deaths/year), and water and sanitation issues related to diarrheal diseases (causing 31,700 deaths/year). Environmental risks also contribute substantially to respiratory infections, malaria, and other diseases.

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    Indonesia PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ajeng Amelianingtyas
    19 views1 page
    Indonesia has a population of 222.8 million people with 48% living in urban areas. Environmental risk factors contribute significantly to Indonesia's disease burden, accounting for 23% of total burden of disease. Key environmental risk factors include indoor air pollution from solid fuel use (causing 45,300 deaths/year), outdoor air pollution (causing 32,300 deaths/year), and water and sanitation issues related to diarrheal diseases (causing 31,700 deaths/year). Environmental risks also contribute substantially to respiratory infections, malaria, and other diseases.

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    Indonesia has a population of 222.8 million people with 48% living in urban areas. Environmental risk factors contribute significantly to Indonesia's disease burden, accounting for 23% of total burden of disease. Key environmental risk factors include indoor air pollution from solid fuel use (causing 45,300 deaths/year), outdoor air pollution (causing 32,300 deaths/year), and water and sanitation issues related to diarrheal diseases (causing 31,700 deaths/year). Environmental risks also contribute substantially to respiratory infections, malaria, and other diseases.

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    19 views1 page

    Indonesia PDF

    Uploaded by

    Ajeng Amelianingtyas
    Indonesia has a population of 222.8 million people with 48% living in urban areas. Environmental risk factors contribute significantly to Indonesia's disease burden, accounting for 23% of total burden of disease. Key environmental risk factors include indoor air pollution from solid fuel use (causing 45,300 deaths/year), outdoor air pollution (causing 32,300 deaths/year), and water and sanitation issues related to diarrheal diseases (causing 31,700 deaths/year). Environmental risks also contribute substantially to respiratory infections, malaria, and other diseases.

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    Country profiles of Environmental Burden of Disease

    Indonesia
    Population 222.8 mio
    GNI/capita 3 580 US$
    % urbanization 48%
    % people living in cities greater than 100 000 inhabitants 22%
    Population below the poverty line (national) 27% (1999)
    Population below the poverty line (international, <$1/day) 8% (2002)

    Under age 5 mortality rate 34/1000 live births (2006)


    Life expectancy 68 years (2006)

    Environmental burden of disease for selected risk factors, per year


    Estimates based on national exposure and WHO country health statistics 2004
    DALYs/
    Deaths
    Risk factor Exposure 1000 cap
    /year
    /year
    Water, sanitation and hygiene Improved water: 77% 31 700 5
    (diarrhoea only) Improved sanitation: 55%
    Indoor air SFU% households: 72% 45 300 4
    Outdoor air Mean urban PM10: 114 ug/m3 32 300 1.3
    Main malaria vectors A. maculatus, A. aconitus, A. subpictus, A. sundaicus,
    A. balabacensis, A. farauti
    Main other vectors Culex quinquefasciatus, C. gelidus, C. vishnui,
    C. tritaeniorrhynchus, Aedes spp, Mansonia spp

    Environmental burden of disease (preliminary), per year


    Estimates based on Comparative Risk Assessment, evidence synthesis and expert evaluation for
    regional exposure and WHO country health statistics 2004
    DALYs/1000 cap (World - lowest: 13, highest: 289) 54
    Deaths 452 800
    % of total burden 23%
    Environmental burden by disease category [DALYs/1000 capita], per year
    World's World's
    Disease group lowest Country rate highest
    country rate country rate

    Diarrhoea 0.2 4.9 107


    Respiratory infections 0.1 3.9 71
    Malaria 0.0 0.2 34
    Other vector-borne diseases 0.0 1.3 4.9
    Lung cancer 0.0 0.5 2.6
    Other cancers 0.3 1.6 4.1
    Neuropsychiatric disorders 1.4 1.9 3.0
    Cardiovascular disease 1.4 3.7 14
    COPD 0.0 2.6 4.6
    Asthma 0.3 0.8 2.8
    Musculoskeletal diseases 0.5 0.9 1.5
    Road traffic injuries 0.3 4.4 15
    Other unintentional injuries 0.6 16 30
    Intentional injuries 0.0 1.5 7.5

    Other indicators
    Use of leaded gasoline No (2008)
    Overcrowding NA
    Malnutrition (% stunting) 29% (2004)

    Public Health and the Environment


    Geneva 2009

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