HAZARDOUS AREA TRAINING WORKSHOP

TOOLBOX GUIDE

INSTALLATION, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL

INSTALLATIONS IN HAZARDOUS AREAS

NO PART OF THIS TOOLBOX GUIDE MAY BE COPIED OR REPRODUCED IN ANY FORMAT WHATSOEVER. THIS
INCLUDES PHOTOCOPYING, SCANNING AND ELECTRONIC STORAGE

COPYRIGHT © 2008 PETROTEKNO

CONTENTS

1.0 BASIC INFORMATION

Prohibited items
Environmental conditions
Ingress protection
Explosive limits

2.0 ZONES
Source of release
Grade of release
Zones

3.0 EX Equipment
Equipment Groups
Gas groups
Temperature classification
Glands
Cables
Earthing

4.0 TYPES OF PROTECTION

Exd
Exe
Exn
Exp
Exi
Additional types of protection Exm, Exo, Exq

5.0 INSPECTION
Grade of inspection
Type of inspection

6.0 STANDARDS
European ATEX Directives
IEC International standards
American NEC standards
1.0 BASIC INFORMATION

COMPETENCY.
Technicians need to be competent to work in hazardous areas and one way of proving competence is to
attend a hazardous area training programme.

PERMITS.
A permit to work is required before any work is carried out in a hazardous area. Different companies
operate different systems and training must be provided by the employer.

SAFE ISOLATION
Company policy must be followed to ensure equipment is to be worked on is not “LIVE” There is one
exception to this rule and that is where I.S. intrinsically safe circuits may be worked on live. Always seek
advice.

TOOLS
All tools must be good condition, free from defects and suitable for use in a hazardous area.

PROHIBITED ITEMS
The following are not permitted in a hazardous area:

• cigarette lighters

• matches

• anything with a battery in it, for example mobile phones, radios, personal CD / MP3
players, car key-rings with central locking remote controls

• electrical test meters unless intrinsically safe or certified and suitable for the area
classification

• torches, unless intrinsically safe or certified and suitable for the area classification

• PPE, including boots and coveralls, which could give rise to static

HOT WORK
Hot work including welding, burning, drilling, grinding etc. should only be carried out safely under the
permit to work system.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Electrical equipment can be affected by environmental conditions such as:

• corrosion

• ambient temperature

• water ingress

• vibration

• exposure to chemicals

• accumulation of dust and dirt

INGRESS PROTECTION
IP 66 is required for offshore installations. The first number 6 refers to the ingress of matter or particles of
dust or dirt and is complete protection against the ingress of dust. (Dust Tight) The second 6 refers to the
ingress of liquids and is protection against powerful water jets and conditions on ships decks in heavy seas
This is the IP Table

DEGREE OF PROTECTION DEGREE OF PROTECTION

AGAINST PARTICLES OF MATTER, AGAINST PARTICLES OF
DUST AND DIRT LIQUIDS
0 No protection 0 No protection
1 Protection against particles larger than 1 Protection against drops of liquid
50mm diameter falling vertically (Drip Proof)
2 Protection against particles larger than 2 Protection against liquid falling at
12.5mm diameter any angle up to 15° from vertical
(Shower Proof)
3 Protection against particles larger than 3 Protection against liquid falling from
2.5mm diameter any angle up to 60° from vertical
(Shower Proof)
4 Protection against particles larger than 4 Protection against splashing from
1.0mm diameter any direction (Splash Proof)
5 Protection against ingress of dust that 5 Protection against water projected
could interfere with the operation of the by nozzle from any direction (Hose
equipment (Dust Protected) Proof)
6 Complete Protection against the ingress 6 Protection against powerful water
of dust. (Dust Tight) jets and conditions on ships
decks in heavy seas
7 Protection against temporary
immersion in water
8 Protection against total immersion
(Submersion) in water to a specific
depth for a specific time

EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

Explosive limits are the upper and lower percentages of gas in air which will burn if ignited.
Lower explosive limit (LEL) is the concentration of gas in air below which the mixture is not explosive.
Upper explosive limit (UEL) is the concentration of gas in air above which the mixture is not explosive.
Between the LEL and UEL the mixture will burn and is explosive.

Flash point is the lowest temperature a liquid will give off a vapour that can form an explosive atmosphere.

Ignition temperature (auto ignition temperature) is the lowest temperature at which a material will ignite
and burn.

2.0 ZONES

Where flammable gases may be present the area must be zoned and shown on hazardous area classification
drawings. The basics for establishing zones are to identify the source of release of the flammable gas,
vapour or mist and then to determine the grade of release.

The source of release is the point from which a flammable gas, vapour or mist can be released into the
atmosphere and the grade of release is the expected possibility it may occur.

The grade of release is either "continuous", "primary" or "secondary"

Continuous a release which is continuous or is expected to occur frequently or for long

periods
Primary a release which can be expected to occur periodically or occasionally during
normal operation
Secondary a release which is not expected to occur in normal operation and, if it does
occur, is likely to be infrequent and for short periods
ZONE 0 is a place where an explosive atmosphere in the form of gas, vapour or mist is present
continuously or for long periods

ZONE 1 is a place where an explosive atmosphere in the form of gas, vapour or mist is expected to occur in
normal operation

ZONE 2 is a place where an explosive atmosphere in the form of gas, vapour or mist is not expected to
occur in normal operation but if it does will not last for long.

The equivalent zones for dust are:

Zone 20 is the same as zone 0

Zone 21 is the same as zone 1
Zone 22 is the same as zone 2

3.0 EX EQUIPMENT

There are two equipment groups:

Group I equipment is designed for use in underground mines where methane is present and does not
concern us.

Group II equipment is designed for use above ground so all electrical equipment data plates on offshore
installations will always include the mark II.

GAS GROUPS
Group II equipment is further divided into 3 gas groups IIA, IIB and IIC

Hazardous Area Classification Apparatus suitable

IIA IIA, IIB or IIC
IIB IIB or IIC
IIC IIC

TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION

Temperature classification is based on the maximum surface temperature that can be reached by any part of
the equipment that could ignite an explosive atmosphere. The temperature class of the equipment must
always be below the ignition temperature of the gas.
 Temperature class of Maximum surface
apparatus temperature of
apparatus ˚C
T1 450
T2 300
T3 200
T4 135
T5 100
T6 85

POTENTIAL SOURCES OF IGNITION FROM ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

ARCING Making or breaking of switches, loose contacts and broken wires can all produce
arcing
SPARKING Usually associated with rotating equipment such as motors and generators.
HOT SURFACES Motors, transformers and solenoid valves

CERTIFIED ELETRICAL EQUIPMENT will have:

a) Type of protection, for example Exd, Exe, Exi

b) Gas group

c) Temperature classification

GLANDS
Glands may be certified Exe, Exd or dual certified Exde which is suitable for both Exe and Exd. Glands are
usually brass but can also be nickel and chromium but never aluminium.
Where a deluge seal is included on the gland make sure it is replaced over the gland joint after glanding the
cable. Avoid placing any strain on the cable when glanding and finishing off.

GLAND MARKINGS
W single wire armour
Y aluminium strip armour (not suitable for hazardous areas)
Z tape armour
X braided armour
A outer seal
B armour lock
C equals A + B
D inner seal and armour lock
E inner seal, outer seal and armour lock
BARR inner barrier seal, outer seal and armour lock

BARRIER GLAND SELECTION

Barrier glands may be required on Exd equipment under certain conditions. A barrier gland used compound
filler to prevent the passage of gasses and explosions through the gland.

WHEN ARE BARRIER GLANDS REQUIRED?

For zone 1 and 2

a) If the cable does not have round, compact, extruded bedding. This means there are no gaps
between the cores such as the type where string is used as a filler between cores.
b) Where there is an internal source of ignition and the hazardous area classification is gas group IIC.
Also for Zone 1
If there is an internal source of ignition and the internal volume is greater than 2 litres.

CABLES
All cables must be fitted with circuit identifications. This is to enable safe and effective isolation of the
equipment when work is to be carried out.

The connection of cables and conduits to the electrical equipment must be made in accordance with the
type of protection. Care should be taken that there is no armour visable outside the body of the gland. This
is to ensure ingress protection is maintained by clamping the outer seal of the gland to the outer insulation
of the cable. Where armour is showing the cable must be reglanded

TERMINATING CABLES
Crimped terminations should be used as they provide a good connection and there is less risk of loose
strands of wire causing short circuits. They are also easy to remove and insert. Hand ratchet type crimping
tool must be used to fit crimps and not the simple plier type which often result in bad connections coming
loose.

TERMINATING UNUSED CORES

Unused cores must NOT be left un-terminated. They should be terminated in spare terminals.

CABLE MATERIALS
Copper conductors may be used in any size required. Aluminium conductors are NOT permitted unless
their cross sectional area is greater than 16mm.

CABLE CORE COLOURS

From 2006 these are the recommended colours for power cables.
Phase colours: Brown, Black, Grey
Neutral: Blue
Protective conductor: Yellow / Green

CABLE ARMOUR
Galvanised steel wire armour is acceptable for use with mulit core cables
Braided armour may be used but if it is aluminium braiding, exposed braiding must be avoided to prevent
sparking with rusty or corroded steel.

JOINTING
Cable runs in hazardous areas should not be jointed whenever possible. Where this is unavoidable, joints
must be made in a certified junction box that is suitable for the zone.

UNUSED CORES
In multi-core cables, the hazardous area end of each unused core shall either be connected to earth or be
terminating in spare or unused terminals. Insulation by tape alone is not recommended.

CONDUIT SYSTEMS
For added protection from mechanical damage, cables may be run in heavy gauge steel conduit.
Conduits must be fitted with stopper boxes where it enters or leaves a hazardous area and where it enters
flameproof Exd equipment. When conduit contains three or more cables, the total cross-sectional area of
the cables shall be not more than 40 % of the cross-sectional area of the conduit. This is to prevent
bunching and overheating.

EARTHING
Earthing on offshore installations refers to an electrically continuous path from a conducting body to the
main earth point of the power supply.

BONDING
Bonding is different and refers to the electrical connection between exposed conductive parts (metal parts
of equipment which could become live in the event of a fault)

PROTECTIVE CONDUCTORS
A protective conductor is the main earth conductor from a piece of electrical apparatus in the field back to
the main earth at the power supply.

Aluminium conductors should not be used.

These are the recommended minimum earth conductor sizes according to IEC

PHASE CONDUCTOR EARTH CONDUCTOR

Up to and including 6mm² Same as phase conductor but not less than
2.5mm² if protected otherwise 4mm²
16mm² – 35mm² 16mm²
Over 35mm² 0.5 X phase conductor size

4.0 TYPES OF PROTECTION

TYPE OF PROTECTION TYPE ZONE OF USE

Flameproof Exd Zone 1 & 2
Increased Safety Exe Zone 1 & 2
Non sparking Exn Zone 2 only
Pressurisation Exp Zone 1 & 2
Intrinsic Safety Exi Exia zone 0,1 &2
Exib zone 1 & 2
Encapsulation Exm Zone 1 & 2
Oil Immersed Exo Zone 1 & 2
Powder Filling Exq Zone 1 & 2

TYPE OF PROTECTION Exd. Flameproof

A type of protection where the enclosure can withstand the effects of an internal explosion without damage.
It will also prevent the explosion passing outside and igniting an explosive atmosphere that may be present.

PRESSURE PILING
Pressure Piling in an Exd enclosure is a result of the ignition of compressed gas. This happens when you
have two enclosures joined together by conduit and an explosion takes place in one of the enclosures and
the explosion is forced into the other enclosure. This can increase the size of any explosion.

SOLID OBSTACLES / SOLID OBSTRUCTION EFFECTS

Care should be taken not to obstruct or block the flamepaths.
On motors for example, the flanges of the cable connection box should not be located close to walls,
steelwork or other equipment. This is because, if the flamepaths are obstructed or blocked, the escaping gas
might not be able to escape.
The minimum distance of any obstacles or obstructions to a flamepath are stated in the table below.

Equipment Group Minimum Distance

IIA 10mm
IIB 30mm
IIC 40mm

STOP-ENDS
Sealing plugs or stop-ends for un-used cable entries must be certified Exd

GASKETS
Must be approved by the manufacturer and made from metallic of non-flammable material. Removing
gaskets or changing them for home-made types will invalidate the certificate of conformance.

USE OF TAPE
Non-hardening textile tape such as DENSO may be used to protect joints, gaps and flanges from water and
the weather. This is permitted when the equipment is gas group IIA. When the equipment is IIB advice
must be sought from the manufacturer. When the equipment is IIC and the area classification is IIC tape is
not permitted but if the area classification is IIA or IIB it is allowed.

USE OF PAINT
Flamepaths must never be painted before assembly. It is allowed to paint gaps and joints after assembly.
Aluminium paint must never be used.

USE OF GREASE
Flamepaths can be protected from corrosion by use of non-hardening grease. Silicon based grease is
permitted but not on gas detectors! Grease may also be used on threads and exposed screws and bolts to
protect from corrosion.

MODIFICATIONS TO FLAMEPROOF Exd EQUIPMENT

Certified equipment must not be changed or modified in any way unless it is mentioned on the
manufacturer’s certificate of conformity. Unauthorised modifications will invalidate the certificate and the
equipment will therefore become non-certified.

Unauthorised Modifications include:

Use of non-certified glands or stop-ends

Use of bolts or scews for any other purpose than what they were designed for. This could be using cover
bolts for fixing earthing, bonding or brackets for another purpose
Drilling Exd equipment
Drilling holes to attach cable brackets
Use of any gasket other than the one specified in the certificate of conformity or the manufactures
information / documentation
Use of sealant, grease or tape which hardens
Changing the layout of components inside an enclosure
Adding components to the inside of an enclosure not mentioned in the certificate

GLANDS
Glands must be Exd or Exde. There is one occasion where the cable may be indirect entry and the terminal
box is Exe, then the gland could be Exe, Exd or Exde.

Where the equipment is associated apparatus and is Exd(i) the gland must still be Exd or Exde as above.

TYPE OF PROTECTION Exe. Increased Safety

A type of protection where additional measures are applied in the construction, to give increased safety
against high temperatures and arcs and sparks.

Exe equipment has strict rules for installation that must be followed. These will be stated on the certificate
of conformity and in the manufacturer’s instructions and could include:

• a specified number of terminals allowed

• the terminal type

• the terminal size

 • cable size

• maximum current and power ratings

These rules must be strictly followed as they could be vital to the type of protection.

INGRESS PROTECTION
This is the protection against the ingress of water, dust and dirt. The minimum IP rating for offshore is
IP66. To meet the ingress protection requirement on Exe equipment, an IP washer must be fitted between
the gland and the body of the enclosure. An IP washer is not required in a threaded entry which has more 5
fully engaged threads or more than 6mm of engaged thread

GLANDS
Glands must be Exe or Exd. Stop ends and sealing plugs fitted to unused cable entries must be Exe or Exd
and be fitted with an IP washer unless there is a minimum 6mm engaged threads the same as for the gland.
Where an external earth tag or banjo is fitted it must be fitted after the IP washer. IP washer must be on
first.

TERMINATIONS
More than one conductor is permitted into one terminal if they are the same size and same cross section
area. Two wires of different cross section are not permitted into one terminal.

CABLE INSULATION
Should be maintained right up to the metal of the terminal.

JUNCTION BOXES
The manufacturer’s instructions must be followed for terminal type, size and numbers of terminals,
conductors size and current ratings.

RESISTANCE HEATING DEVICES

Also called Trace Heating. Temperature protection devices must be installed to isolate the device. It shall
also be the type that has to be manually reset and not automatic.

MICC CABLE
For MICC cable (mineral insulated copper conductor) Exe certified pots are required to maintain core
separation.

TYPE OF PROTECTION Exn. Non sparking or Reduced Risk

A type of protection where, in normal operation is not capable of igniting an explosive atmosphere.

Exn is divided into five sub-types:

nA is for non-sparking
nC is for sparking apparatus in which the contacts have extra type of protection
nR is for restricted breathing
nL is for energy limiting
nZ is for enclosures with pressurization.

A restricted-breathing enclosure is an enclosure that is designed to restrict the entry of gases but not totally
prevent it.

Energy-limited apparatus is where the circuits and components are constructed to limit the energy.

Hermetically sealed is where sparking contacts are kept away from an explosive atmosphere by means of
sealing with either fusion between glass and metal (used on light fittings) soldering, welding or brazing.

Enclosed break is a device with electrical contacts that will withstand an internal explosion without
suffering damage.
Encapsulated is a device that it is totally immersed in a hard compound so that it is sealed to prevent entry
of gas. Electrical connections are usually provided by flying leads.

Energy limiting is where the maximum energy contained within a circuit is restricted so it is not capable of
causing ignition of an explosive atmosphere.

GLANDS
Exn does not require certified glands

IP WASHERS
The same requirements as Exe. Cable entry into an unthreaded holes with Less than 6mm threads required
an IP washer.

TYPE OF PROTECTION Exp. Pressurised

A type of protection where a positive pressure is maintained inside an enclosure or room to prevent the
entry of gasses. Pressure is higher inside than outside.

PRESSURISING GAS
Nitrogen may be used or air. If air is used it should be drawn from a non hazardous area free from gasses. If
nitrogen is used there is a danger of asphyxiation or suffocation.

WARNING NOTICES
Should be fitted warning personnel not to leave enclosures or doors open that could result in loss of
pressure.

SPARK ARRESTORS
Outlet ducts should be located in a non hazardous areas but where this is not possible, spark or flame
arrestors must be fitted.

GLANDS
Certified glands are not required but care should be taken that the glands maintain the ingress protection
and are fitted correctly to prevent the loss of pressure.

TYPE OF PROTECTION Exi. Intrinsic Safety

A type of protection where the energy within a circuit is limited to such low levels that ignition of an
explosive atmosphere is not possible.

SAFETY BARRIERS
There are two types of safety barriers, shunt diode (zener) and galvanic isolated and they are located in the
safe area. Zener barriers prevent any over voltage or over current getting into the hazardous area by
diverting them to earth and blowing fuses.
Galvanic barriers allow transfer of energy and signals without any direct wiring. This is achieved by the use
of two coils the way a transformer opearates.

SEPARATION OF I.S. AND NON I.S. CABLES

Intrinsically safe and non-intrinsically safe cables may be run on the same cable tray but should be
separated by a minimum of 50mm. In junction boxes and enclosures containing I.S. and non I.S. circuits,
the clearance between terminals must be at least 50mm. Clearance between terminals of different I.S.
circuits must be at least 6mm.

INTRINSICALLY SAFE EARTH

This is a dedicated I.S. earth from the zener barrier earth bar to the mains power supply earth.
ASSOCIATED APPARATUS
Associated apparatus is apparatus which contains both I.S. and non I.S. circuits and is constructed so that
the non I.S. circuits cannot affect the intrinsically safety. It could also be non I.S. equipment located in the
safe area but still connected to the I.S. circuit.

SIMPLE APPARATUS
This is electrical components of simple construction which are compatible with the intrinsic safety of the
circuit.
The following are considered to be simple apparatus:

• passive components like switches, junction boxes, resistors and simple semiconductor devices

• sources of stored energy, for example capacitors or inductors

• sources of generated energy, for example thermocouples and photocells, which do not generate
more than 1,5 V, 100 mA and 25 mW

EARTHING OF SCREENS
Screens should be earthed at one end only and usually at the supply end.

GLANDS
Certified glands are not required on Exi equipment. If the equipment is Exd(i) then the enclosure is Exd and
Exd glands are required.

INSTALLATION OF INTRINSICALLY SAFE CABLES

Cables used for intrinsically safe circuits must be marked to identify them as being intrinsically safe.
I.S. cables must be installed so that the intrinsic safety is not affected by other influences such as magnetic
fields from power or heavy current-carrying cables. This is normally achieved by the use of screens on the
I.S. cables and by keeping the power cables separated by a minimum gap of 50mm.

MICC CABLE
If mineral insulated copper conductor cable is used, Exe pots are required to maintain core separation.

MULTICORE CABLES
I.S. and non I.S. circuits must not be run in the same multi-core cable.

I.S. MAINTENANCE
Some work may be carried out with the equipment LIVE. Work on I.S. equipment in hazardous areas
should be limited to adjustment and calibration and taking electrical measurements as long as the test
equipment is certified as I.S. or the area is verified as gas free with a hot work permit.

ADDITIONAL TYPES OF PROTECTION

ENCAPSULATION. Exm
Type of protection where ignition capable parts are enclosed or encased in a hard setting compound so that
an explosive atmosphere cannot be ignited.

OIL IMMERSION. Exo

Type of protection where the electrical parts are immersed in oil so that an explosive atmosphere above the
liquid cannot be ignited. Oil level is critical and must be checked regularly.

POWDER FILLING Exq

Type of protection in which the ignition capable parts are immersed and completely surrounded with a
filling material (for example quartz or glass) This quenches any arcs and prevents the ignition of an
explosive atmosphere.
INSPECTION

Inspection plays a critical part in ensuring safety to personnel, plant and the installation so it is important
that EX equipment is inspected regularly. The international standard for inspections is IEC60079-17. The
Inspection and Maintenance of Electrical Installations in Hazardous Areas.

QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL
The inspection of EX equipment should only be carried out by experienced personnel, whose training has
included instruction on the different types of protection and the rules and regulations of area classification.
Continuing education or training must be undertaken by personnel on a regular basis and evidence of
experience and training must be available.

GRADES OF INSPECTION

VISUAL INSPECTION
An inspection carried out without the use of step ladders or tools and used to identify defects which are
clearly visible such as mechanical damage or missing bolts.

CLOSE INSPECTION
A close inspection is an external inspection and does not require the equipment to be opened or isolated.
Used to identify defects such as loose bolts and loose glands and so tools, steps and ladders may be
required.

DETAILED INSPECTION
This is both external and internal inspection and normally requires electrical isolation. It includes all the
close inspection checks and in addition, will identify defects such as loose terminations and water ingress.

TYPES OF INSPECTION
Initial inspection is for new equipment
Periodic inspections are carried at regular intervals or periods
Sample inspections are used when there are a large number of items which are all identical. It is an
inspection of a percentage of the installed equipment and may be visual, close or detailed.

6.0 STANDARDS

EUROPEAN ATEX DIRECTIVES FOR HAZARDOUS AREAS

There are two European Directives: 94/9/EC and 1999/92/EC

Directive 94/9/EC (more commonly known as ATEX 95 or the Manufacturer’s Directive) is intended to
assist the free movement of goods throughout Europe. It does this by removing the need for separate testing
in each country.

Directive 1999/92/EC (more commonly known as ATEX 137 or the Worker Protection Directive) places
the responsibility on employers to identify hazardous areas, zones the areas and only use certified
equipment in zones.

Ex equipment manufactured in Europe will be marked ATEX in the certificate number. For example
04 ATEX 2344.

Atex uses categories as well as types of protection.

Category 1 Equipment suitable for use in zone 0

Category 2 Equipment suitable for use in zone 1
Category 3 Equipment suitable for use in zone 2
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AREAS

IEC 60079 SERIES OF STANDARDS

The IEC 60079 is an international set of standards governing electrical apparatus for explosive gas
atmospheres and is created and regularly updated by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
The IEC is a world wide organization responsible for setting the standards for electrical installations in
explosive atmospheres.

IEC 60079 includes the following parts

IEC 60079-1: Flameproof enclosures "d"

IEC 60079-2: Pressurized enclosures "p"
IEC 60079-5: Powder filling "q"
IEC 60079-6: Oil immersion "o"
IEC 60079-7: Increased safety "e"
IEC 60079-10: Classification of hazardous areas
IEC 60079-11: Intrinsic safety "i"
IEC 60079-14: Electrical Installations in hazardous areas
IEC 60079-15: Type of protection “n”
IEC 60079-17: Inspection and Maintenance of Electrical Installations in hazardous areas
IEC 60079-18: Encapsulation "m"

AMERICAN NEC STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AREAS

America does not use zones, they use classes and divisions which are basically the same as zones. There
are three Classes:

• Class 1 for flammable gases, vapours, mists and liquids

• Class 2 for flammable dusts

• Class 3 for flammable fibres

The only one that concerns us for offshore installations is Class1.

America does not use 3 zones. Instead they have 2 divisions. Division 1 and Division 2 usually shown as
DIV 1 and DIV 2. DIV 1 is the same as zone 1 and DIV 2 is the same as zone 2

America has four gas groups, A, B, C and D. The following tables shows the differences compared to IEC.

NORTH AMERICAN IEC

Class 1 DIV 1 Zone 1

Class 1 DIV 2 Zone 2

GAS GROUPS

GROUP A IIC
GROUP B IIC
GROUP C IIB
GROUP D IIA

AMERICAN TEMPERATURE CLASSIFICATION

The temperature classification used in America is different as well and the following table is a reference
guide to the IEC equivalents.

NORTH AMERICAN IEC EQUIVALENT

TEMPERATURE
CLASSIFICATION
T1 450°C T1
300°C T2
T2
T2A 280°C T2
T2B 260°C T2
T2C 230°C T2
T2D 215°C T2
T3 200°C T3
T3A 180°C T3
T3B 165°C T3
160°C T3
T3C
135°C T4
T4
120°C T4
T4A
100°C T5
T5
85°C T6
T6

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