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Hazardous Area Classification PDF

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9 views

Hazardous Area Classification PDF

Uploaded by

YANNICK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Hazardous Area Classification

Zone 0: Explosive atmosphere is continuously present for long periods.


Zone 1: Explosive atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operation.
Zone 2: Explosive atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal operation, and
if it occurs, it is only present for a short time.

Electrical Apparatus Code of Practice

1. Flameproof Enclosure Ex’d’

Equipment is housed within a substantial enclosure, which is capable of


containing an internal explosion without transmitting that explosion to the
surrounding explosive atmosphere.

2. Increased Safety Ex’e’

Prevent the generation of arcs, sparks and excessively hot area in equipment,
thus preventing the risk of explosion inside or outside of the enclosure.

3. Intrinsic Safety Ex’i’

Power is limited in such a way that a spark or hot surface would not be enough
to ignite the explosive atmosphere.

4. Pressurized Ex’p’

The equipment is housed inside an enclosure, which is pressurized or purged by


inert gas, thus preventing an explosive atmosphere from reaching the
equipment.

5. Oil Immersion Ex’O’

The equipment is totally immersed in oil, thus preventing an explosive


atmosphere from reaching the equipment.

6. Powder Filled Ex’q’

The equipment is totally immersed in powder, thus preventing an explosive


atmosphere from reaching the equipment.

7. Non-Sparking and Restricted Breathing Ex’n’ or ‘N’


Housing the equipment in substantial enclosures, which inhibit mechanical
damage and give some degree of ingress protection, protects electrical
equipment.

8. Special Protection Ex’S’

The equipment can clearly be demonstrated to be explosion-proof which is not


entirely covered by any of the foregoing concepts.

9. Moulded/Encapsulated Ex’m’

The apparatus is totally encapsulated by a non-porous compound. Electrical


connection is by flying leads.

Gas Group

Gas Group Representative Gas


I: (Mining) Methane
IIA: (Surface) Propane
IIB: (Surface) Ethylene
IIC: (Surface) Hydrogen

Temperature Classification

Temp. Class Max. Surface Temp.


T1 450 °C
T2 300 °C
T3 200 °C
T4 135 °C
T5 100 °C
T6 85 °C

Ingress Protection System for Enclosure

Consists of two digits that indicate the standard degree of protection. The first
digit indicates the degree of protection from touch and ingress of solids, the
second digit is for protection of ingress of liquids.
Solids Liquids
0 No protection 0 No protection
Protected against solid objects Protected against vertically
1 1
up to 50 mm, e.g. hands falling drops of water
Protected against solid objects Protected against water spray
2 2
up to 12 mm, e.g. fingers to 15 degree from vertical
Protects against solid objects Protected against water spray
3 3
up to 2.5 mm, e.g. tools up to 60 degree from vertical
Protected against water sprays
4 Protected against solid objects 4
from all directions
Protected against dust Protected against water jets
5 5
(No harmful deposits) from all directions
Protected against strong water
6 Totally protected against dust 6 jets from all directions, e.g.
Offshore
Protected against immersion
7 between 15 cm and 1 m in
depth
Protected against long
8
immersion under pressure

Intrinsic Safety
A technique based upon the restriction of electrical energy within apparatus and
inter-connecting wire, exposed to potentially explosive atmosphere, to a level
below that, which can cause ignition by either sparking or heating effects.

Category (ia)

Apparatus and systems, or parts of systems, in category ‘ia’ are suitable for all
hazardous areas. The apparatus must be incapable of causing ignition in normal
operation with one fault or two faults.

Category (ib)
Apparatus and systems in category ‘ib’ are suitable for zone ‘1’ and less
hazardous area only. Apparatus of this category must be incapable of causing
ignition in normal operation, and with one fault.

The Zener Safety Barrier

The zener barrier required to meet the requirement of Category ‘ia’ intrinsic
safety. Practically, two or three zener diode can be found inside the zener
barrier, if any two zener diode fail, the third diode will be required to give the
necessary voltage clamping.

The principle of zener is that it diverts any excessive voltage reaching its safe
area terminals to earth, while protecting the hazardous area circuitry. The
barrier also protects from high current by mean of series resistor and fuse.
R1 R2 R3

Safe Area D1 D2 D3 Hazardous Area

National and International Standard Bodies

IEC: European Electro-technical Commission


BSI: British Standards Institution
HSE: Health and Safety Executive
CENELEC: European Committee for Electro-technical Standardization
BASEEFA: British Approvals Service for Electrical Equipment in Flammable
Atmospheres.

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