23-JUL-2009 11:ll FROM

T H E O R Y

MUSIC
M A D E E A S Y

GRADE 1

0 RHYTHM MP SDN. BHD. 1991

Sole Distributor:
RHYTHM MP SDN. BHD.
2060 8 2061. Jalan Persekutuan. Permatang Tlnggl Llght Induslly,
14WO Seberann Perai Tenaah.
P."."g. FMa1ay0ia.-
Tel: 04-5873689 (Dima Line), M-5873690 (Hunting Line)
Fax: 04.5873691
E-mail: ~ylhm_mp@mphsb.po.my

Publishedby
RHYTHM MP SDN. BHD.

Cover Design 8 Pre-pmssby

CPTECH SDN. BHD.

Printed in Malaysia by
MONOSETIA SDN. BHD.

ISBN 967-985-2934
Order No.: MPT-3W3.01

Photocopying Prohibited.
All dghts rese~ed.Unauthorisedrepmduction
at any pan of this publication by any means
including photocopying is an infringementof mpyrigh.
23-JUL-2009 11:ll FROM TO bruce w P.002

Time Values ( 0 d J ,b)

Time Signatures ( f 2 f)
Revision 1 @n 7

Notes on the Stave (Treble & Bass) 8

Semiquaver ( ) 11

Revision 2 @TJ 12

Rests 13

Ties 14

Dotted Notes 15 .

Revision 3 6 16
-

Accidentals ( # b )
-

Semitones and Tones

Key Signatures (F# , F # c#,Bb ) 23

Revision 4 @TJ 26

Scales (C,G, D, F major) 27

--

Tonic Triads

Revision 5 @TJ 36

Rhythm Writing (Two-bar Rhythm) 37

Performance Directions (Terms & Signs) 41

General Exercises 44

Know your Italian Terms (Game) 47

Crossword Puzzle (Game) 48

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Time Values
**mm*************mm********** mmm***m*****m*****m*******.***eo***

i
1

Fill in the time values.

J b o J b d

@ Nsme the notes.

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Q Fill in the blanks with the correct number.

Bunny is looking for crabs. Colour the crabs according to the time values.

D 4 counts = red
E I I
1 count = green
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@!
::~$ time signature bar bar-line double bar-line
?+!
':,?

Simple Duple p = 2 J = 2 crotchet beats in a bar

Simple Triple 1 = 3 J = 3 crotchet beats in a bar

Simple Quadruple 1 = 4 J = 4 crotchet beats in a bar

% time can also be represented by the symbol C which means common time.
The top number tells how many beats in a bar.
The bottom number tells the kind of note used to represent the beat.

@ First write the counts, then prefix the correct time signature.

Grade 1
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@ Add bar-lines to the followin

(a)

Add a note to complete each bar.

* * * *
( ) aJ J IJ Ib J J I J

Grade 3
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................................................................I
Revjsjon 1 Kn

Under each note, write its time name. (e.g. 112, 1, etc.)

..,
, ,
d b O
J d
............ ............ ............ ............ ............

@ Name the notes. (e.g. crotchet, etc.)

@ Add the correct time signature to each of the fo~owlng.

@ Add a note to complete each bar.

@ Add bar-lines to the following.

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................................................................
Notes on the Stave

I A stave (staff) consists of 5 Ledger Lines. 1

I I-

Line Space

A 8
Short ledger lines may be added .11. L
to indicate notes above or below -4% I( /

the stave.
Position of Middle C

n
Notes in the Treble Clef.
- - 0

- W
A

-
13
I1
a1
A 11 s

Copy the treble clef.

.....
..
? :
I: :-.:
: :
/;.
.. . .. .. '.
.i .

......
! : ,..,..! , :
i . C
......
. :. :
.....I ........,

- Name the notes.

n am - -
rrn
A
\\u a.
I.
.
I
-

@ Write the notes.

F - space D - line E - space G - line C - line

F - line -
B line D - space A - space G - space
23-JUL-2009 11:12 FROM

................................................................ I
8 0 - Notes In the Bass Clef.

--
-4:;
/
a, an
I1 A
(1 -- 0
C B A G F E D C B A G F

@ Copy the bass clef.

Q Name the notes.

@ Prefix the correct clef before each note.

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Match the notes to the letter names.

23-JUL-2009 11:12 FROM

Mark true a or false a.

(a) J =.PO (4 JJ
(b) 1 =8J0 (8) J =.PO
(c) o = 1 6 ) 0 (f) 0 = 3 2 0
Q Rewrlte the following jolnlng the quavers and serniquavers.
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I................................................................
Revision 2

Name the following.

Write the following notes as Semlbreves.

A II II I! - II
n I I
I! II I1
-KC I I 11

F - line D - space -
E line G - space -
C space

B - space D - line A - space G - line F - space

Q Rewrite the following loining the notes where necessary.

-
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Rests
m*e***********eem*-*-**e **m**e*e*************m*ee*e**m**emmm**ee I

-
A bar rest is used to fill an empty bar of

Insert a rest at each of the places marked *.

2 , 1, f time.

@ Insert a rest at each of the places marked *. -

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I

I
II
I
I

I................................................................
Ties

fil
A tie joins notes of the same sound.

I Write down the number of Crotchet beats.

II
I
1
(a) 0 = 4
.......... ..........

@ First, join notes of the same sound with a tie. Then, write the number of Crotchet beats made by the tie.

3
............ beats ............ beats

............ beats

............beats ............ beats

@ Mark true a or false a

(d)
-
J. J = 4 beats 0
(b) J = I beats 0 (e) J = 1% beats

j 'I. = 41; beats a (f) J) = 2 Z beats a

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Notes
******

Dotted Minim
d . d t J = J J J
Doned Crotchet
J, J =b bhb + =

Don, ,aver b. b + A A A A
= =

Fill In the blanks wlth the correct number.

I.) J, =
..........o
. J
If) J: =
............ b
I@ J. =
............ A
I). J), =
............ A
Q Add dots where necessary to make complete bars.

Q Add bar-lines to the following.

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m .......................**........................*...........
Revision 3 f i

Under each of the following, write its time name. (e. g. 1,112, etc.)

Next to each of the following, write a note that has the same time value.

Mark true a or false a.

r PPP
=

Add one rest at each of the places marked * to make the bars complete.

Grade 1
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# b b,
.*...*.........*.............
Accidentals ( )
.*.*****.*.*.**.*** I
sharp = raises a note 1 semitone in pitch

natural = restores a note to its original pitch

An accidental against a note affects every later appearance of that note at the same pitch in the bar.

If the note F a t a different pitch is to be sharpened, it must be shown by another sharp.

Put a sharp ( # ) before every note and name the notes.

A
m
.m
u
oa.
II
I1
I1 B
II
II - II
II
s. II
I1
I
C sharp
............................. ............................. ............................. ........................... .............................

,,.
Put a flat ( b ) before every note and name the notes.

............................ ............................. ............................. ........................... .............................

Grade I
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Put a natural (h) before every note and name the notes.

I
@

(a)
---
Write the required notes.

F sharp

Name the numbered notes.

C sharp

2 3
B flat

4
..
I*.
D natural

5
23-JUL-2009 11:12 FROM

...................... .......................................... I
Cancelling an accidental -- ,,
An accidental lasts until the end of the bar.

To change the note back to ~b ,a \ sign is added.

her examples.

@ Before each of the notes marked *, add an accidental required to cancel the previous accidental.
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................................................................
Semitones and Tones

Complete the diagram.

Q Tick ( J) the higher note of each pair.

Q Tick ( J) the lower note of each pair.

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................................................................I
SEMITONE
A A -
- The distance in pitch between a note and its nearest neighbour.
A

C B E

Example: [C - c#] [E - F] [ ~ -bB] [D# El -

@ Write notes one semitone higher.

Write notes one semitone lower.

A A

@ Add an accidental ( # , b , ) to the 2nd note to make it a semitone higher than the 1st.
if no accidental is needed, put a tick (J).
 23-JUL-2009 11:12 FROM TO bruce w P.022

TONE - An interval of 2 semitones.

C D E C D E

Example: [C- Dl [E - F # ] [B~-CI [D-El

@ Write notes one tone hlgher.

I: @ Write notes one tone lower.

' I

Draw a bracket ( I
) over each pair of notes which make a tone.

Grade 1
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................................................................
Key Signatures
I I!
8!
I!

I G maior - F# $

C major - no sharps and flats

--
1 @ Copy the following. 1I

Name the major keys which have the following key signatures.
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@ Name the keys, then rewrite the passages using key signatures Instead of accidentals.
23-JUL-2009 11:12 FROM

@ Insert sharps ( # )or flats ( b) to form the keys.

(b)

G major

D major

-
G major

F major
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................................................................
Revision 4 6
h

0 Write the following notes as Semlbreves.

D flat A natural C sharp middle C D sharp

G sharp middle C F sharp E flat B flat

@ Under each of the following notes write its letter name.

I
II
I insert any necessary accidentais to form the keys named.
.&
.,,
D major

F major

G major

Grade I
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................................................................I
Scales

Ascending scales.

Eg. G major, with key signature

4
A U
"
I, -
I I
I,
Im
n

I
In a major scale, semitones occur on the 3 - 4 and 7 - 8 notes.

@ Write scales with key signatures, ascending. Bracket ( -) the semltones.

D major

-I
G major rnm

rn - -
Eg. G major, without key signature "
3
A
- .. - .
1
I. *- n

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

a Write scales without key signatures, ascending. Bracket (the semltones.

I )

F major
m,:
f

D major -4:

A.
G major f
 23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM TO bruce w P.028

I Descending scales

Eg. G major, with key signature

n
w a
rm
I'
- Cl -
.
c
CB -- CB - I

Q Write scales with key signatures, descending. Bracket ( I

semitones. )

A
F major
I
A
D major A

A
G major
-fa
"
A
W

Eg. G major without key signature

A

\\V
o II- - .. I
a. -
I
II -
d

@ Write scales without key signatures, descendlng. Bracket (n

) semitones.

F major

D major Y:

i G major
i
23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM

....................... e**.-****~o**a*......e******.............

@ Add accidentals before the notes to form the scales named. Then, mark semitones with I.

G major
h ., - *m - a3 -
3
n
D major

F major
cx.
/ B - .. a3
U

G major

Add the clefs and key signatures to make the scales named.

F major

D major

G major

I I I
I
- I I *.
F major fi
4
I
I
- mI I A m
I
r
I
I I

I
I I
 23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM TO bruce w P.030

@ Write scales as instructed.

(a) Write a treble clef and then the key signature of F major and the scale ascending. Use the given rhythm.

% J J J J Id J J I, I

(b) Write a bass clef and then the scale of C major descending. Use the given rhythm. Bracket (-)the semitones.

(c) Write without key signature the scale of D major ascending, using Semibreves.
Mark each semitone with a bracket ( l ) .

(d) Write the major scale belonging to the given key signature, descending. Mark each semitone with a bracket (

(e) Write without key signature the major scale going up on the given key-note
1

(f) Write with the correct key signature in the bass clef the scale of D major going down. Use the given rhythm.

% d J J Id 1 J Id d I

(g) Write in the treble clef the scale of C major going up. Bracket ( l
each semitone. Use the)
given rhythm
23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM

Interval - The distance in pitch between 2 different notes.

Melodic Interval - The 2 notes are played one after another.

Harmonic Interval - The 2 notes are played together.

Key-note The note on which a scale begins.

Eg. In C major, the key-note is C

The number of degrees is the number of the interval.

2nd = second 4th = fourth 6th = six3 8th = eigh@

3rd = t h i s 5th = fiftt 7th = seven@ 8ve = octave

Write the number of the intervals. (Znd, 3rd. 4th, 5th, etc.)

Melodic Intervals

C major ............ ............ ............ ............ .............

Harmonic Intervals

V u U

F major ............ ............ ............ ............ ............

23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM TO bruce w P.032

@ Above each note, add a Semlbreve to make the named i n t e ~ a l .

G
- major 5th 2nd 3rd 7th 6th eve

d
F major
- 4th

-
Q Write the number of the intervals marked I .
(Znd,
-
3rd, 4th, etc.)

Grade 1
 23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM

I
...........................*.....*.........................**~.~
Tonic Triads

Copy the tonic triads with key signatures.

A u

@ Copy the tonlc triads without key signatures.

Il
 23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM TO bruce w P.034

Answer the questlons below.

(a) How many notes form a triad ?

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4

(b) Which notes of a major scale are used to form a tonic triad ?
A. 1.3. 5 6. 2. 4. 6 C. 3, 5, 7

(c) Circle the notes used to form the tonic triads named.
I Cmajor-@ D @ F @ A B C

Name the tonic triads lndlcated by the dots on the keyboard.

'
I
(I!I!:
li
/I

............ major . . . . . . . major ........... major

-
m

............ major ............ major ............ major

I

J
!I
ii
Grade 1
23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM

@ Name the keys of the tonic triads.

........................... ........................... ...........................

@ Write tonic trlads with key slgnatures.

-
D major G major F major C major

C major D major G major F major

Write tonic trlads without key signatures.

d d
F major D major G major C major

A A

3
11 rm

3
W
C major G major D major F major
 23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM TO bruce w P.036

:
1

1 :
I
! !

I i ~
1
I ................................................................
Revision 5 d2b

1;;
Name the key of each of the following . Draw I
over one pair of notes making a semitone, In each case.

Write the key signature and the tonic triad of the given keys.

F major G major D major C major

@ Write the clef and then the named tonic triad, without key signature, starting on the key-note given.

D major C major G major F major

(a)
I I I I I
I
.
@ Add the correct clefs and any accidentals to make the scales named. Do not use a key signature.

I
r
I
I
I
I
A.

I
H
I
D major
 23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM

I
.................................~....*...*...*..*...***....*
Rhythm Writing

I Correct Grouping of Notes

@ Rewrite the following using beams and dots.

 23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM TO bruce w P.038
1
23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM

When writing an answering rhythm, remember to end it with a long note ( o d. orJ ).

Do not end with a i) or b, as the rhythm may seem unfinished.

Add an answering two-bar rhythm to each of the following.

- IJ. b I I I
23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM TO bruce w P.040

I ......**..****.*.*.*..***.. ....................................

( g ) f J J J IJ JTTI I

ih) S J J IJ. bJ I I I

S J J J ImJJI 1

J I X l J I I

ik)% J J J J I J . bJ. bl I

% d J J I m I JJ I

J. JJ. ~ I JJ J I I I

(.)%J J J J I m I J J I I

i 0 ) 4 J . DJ J I f l J J J l I
Grade 1
 23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM

....*.*.......*.......**~~ I
**********...........................*
Performance Directions

Italian Terms and Signs (Grade 1)

Terms
I.forte (f) - loud 6. accelerando (accel.) - getting faster
mezzoforte (w) - moderately loud rallenrando (roll.) - getting slower
forrissimo (ff) - very loud ritardando (rirard.) - getting slower
rirenuro (rir.) - hold back (slower at once)
andante - at a moderate pace
2. piano ( P) - soft (walking speed)
mezzo piano ( q )- moderately soft
pianissimo ( PP) - very soft 7. Da Capo (D.C.) - from the beginning
Fine - the end
Da Capo a1 Fine - from the beginning to the end
3. crescendo (cresc.) - getting louder
Dal Segno (D.S.) - from the sign %
I
decrescendo - getting softer
I diminuendo (dim.) - getting softer 8. cantabile - in a singing style
staccato - short, detached
4. allegro - lively, fast legaro - smoothly
moderaro - moderately
allegretto - slightly slower than allegro
mezzo - half
poco - a little
5. lenro - slow rempo , - the speed of the music
adogia - slow a tempo . - resume the normal speed

Signs
-
- pause 9. M.M. J = 88 - 88 crotchets in a minute
(M.M. - Maelzel's Metronome)
- accent
10. <>- getting louder then softer
- tie

- slur
11. 8~ - ottava (octave)

- staccato 8" - - perform an octave higher

-
- repeat sign
8 - perform an octave lower
- getting louder

- getting softer 12. rrr - slur or phrase (play smoothly)

23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM TO bruce w P.042

@ Give the meaning of these Italian terms

a tempo -
accelerando -

allegretto -

andante

crescendo -

ah1 segno -
. . . .
. . .., > I ... .*'. ,<.,.
.
., .:,.. .
.
. . . <:>; .r,P(f . :
diminuendo -

81. - .
' -.
forte

mezzo
' ...a . , * . . ....
meno fom. .-. " . . .,: .. . . . . . . >.,............
+!, >..
..
L*. . . ,
.~,
: ....... ;,,: . .
........

mezzo piano -

piano
pi',#,iss[j&: ' %, ' ,' .. >..*>
. .. ?: : .

poco

raIIenrando -
ritardando -

tempo
 23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM

Q Write out these abbrevlatlons in full.

f
P
. . . ,
qf." , - ,: . \ A
.. . . . . , . . ,. . . ~

w -
<,.. .'.. ' . , .
a. -:,.
., ~ . . . . . . . . .
'

+, . . . .
>-.... ,!,
. ..,

PI'
cresc. -
dim. -
.
accet. - .."
.... < 9 .

rall. -
rirad. -
rit.

D.C. -
D.S. -

Q Write the signs for the following.

getting softer
. ..
-
' , ~

ripeit i t w

pause

accent .
staccato dots

tie
play an octave higher -
play an octave lower -
Grade 1
23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM TO bruce w P.044

................................................................
General Exercises

@ Look at the melody below, then answer the questlons.

Alleero Chopin, Mazurka Op.68N0.3

1. What does Allegro mean ? ......................................

2. What key is the melody in ? ......................... .
.........
3. What is the time signature ? .....................................................
4. How many crotchet beats are there in a bar ? ............
5. How many times does the note B appear ? b ............
6. How many times is this rhythm J J used ? ............
How many times is this rhythm j used ? ............
7. What is the name of the highest note used ? ............
What is the name of the lowest note used ? ............
8. What is the value of the shortest note ? ............
9. What is f short for ? .........................
What does it mean ? .........................
10. What degree of the scale is the last note in the melody ? ( 2nd, 3rd, 4th. 5th )

11. Name 2 pairs of notes which are a semitone apart. (....... - .......) and (....... - ........)
12. Copy out the first 2 bars of the melody.
 23-JUL-2009 11:13 FROM

1 @ Look at the melody below and answer the questions.

dim. P

1. What does J = 80 stand for ? ................................................................

2. .
Name the kev of the melodv. .................................
3. What is the time signature ? ................................................................

4. Another way to write the time signature is

5. Write a rest equivalent to the last note of the melody.

6. How many times does the key-note appear ? ............

7. How many times is this r h y t h m J y J used? ............
8. What is the name of the shortest note used ? ......................................
9. Give the meaning of these terms and signs.

- ....................................................
mf dim. .....................................................
<- .................................................... P - ....................................................
10. What is the name of the dot J ......................................
What does it mean ? ...........................
.....................
11. Name a pair of notes which are a semitone apart. (....... - .......)
12. Copy out the last 2 bars of the melody. Put in the clef, key signature and time signature.
23-JUL-2009 11:14 FROM TO bruce w P.046

I .............................moooooooo.o*ooooooooooooooooooooomo

@ Look at the melody below and answer the questions.

1. What is the key of the melody ? ...................................

Name the key signature. ........................................................
2. What is the time signature ? ......................
......
......................
What does it mean ? ........................................................
3. lines over the melody called ?
What are the c u ~ e d ...........................
How should they be played ? ..............................
4. How many bars are there in this melody ? ............
5. On which degree of the scale does the melody begin on ? (1st. 2nd. 3rd, 4th) ............

On which degree of the scale does the melody end on ? (1st 2nd. 3rd, 4th) ............

6. Which bars do not contain the key-note ? Bars .............................

7. What does Allegretto mean ? ........................................................................

8. What does fi mean ? .........................
9. Name the notes in bar 4. ................................................

10. Write the tonic triad of this melody, with key signature.

11. Write a rest equivalent to the 1st note of the 4th bar.

12. Copy out the first 2 bars of the melody.

Grade 3
23-JUL-2009 11:14 FROM

Know Your Italian Terms (Game)

***.***.***....*..............*.*......**...*..*...**.*.**********

A C C E E R A N D O
L O R F N D N T I N
L A E D I S D O M E
E A S C O N A S l P
G O C A P A N E N O
R F E C T E T R U C
O O N E F I N E N E O
P R D I M O L S I N E
U T O L E A D U M D S
I
L E S T A C C A T O P I

To find out the Italian Terms hidden in this maze, answer the questions below.

1. On a clear road, I drive gradually faster. -------- --. -

2. The clown danced very lively and fast.

3. She always walks at a moderate speed.

4. The teacher is angry because the pupils are talking louder and louder. ---------
5. When the battery is running out, the radio becomes soffer and soffer. ----------
6. When I'm angry Ispeak loudly.

7. The old lady walks slowly.

8. When I'm not hungry, I eat only a little.

9. 1 am very short and detached.

10. This is the end.

 23-JUL-2009 11:14 FROM TO bruce w P.048
!
i
Crossword Puzzle (Game)
i
1 ....*..*.*.*.........*..***..*......****o***omo*o****omoo**o

I
I
I
Across
-
I. Another name for the F clef is ---- .
II 2. You join two quaver notes with a ---- .
I
3. --- ------ means in a singing style.
4. Two semitones is equal to a .
5. The line that joins two notes of the same pitch is called a --- .
6. A crotchet consists of a note-head and a --- - .
7. A tonic triad consists of notes.

-
Down

4. The ------ clef is usually meant for the right hand.

6. A raises the pitch of a note by one semitone.
8. A lasts as long as two crotchets.
9. There are four ------ in a crotchet.
10. ------ is the Italian word for slow.
11. Another name for key-note is -- .
12.'isan .
13. The distance in pitch between two different notes is called an
14. F sharp is the - signature of G major.

TOTAL P . 0 4 8