Project: Description:

R.R. Rojo and Associates

Prepared by: Checked by: Location: Date:

R.R. Rojo and Associates RVMDC

ULS-Wind Load Analysis for Enclosed and Partially Enclosed Building - Main Wind Force Resisting System (MWFRS)
ASCE 7-10

Common Data:
Color Code:
Bldg. Classification Category = II (Table 1.5-1 Risk Category) Input Results (Do not Change)
Basic Wind Speed, V = 116.23 m/s (User Define Wind Speed) (260mph) Notes
Wind Direction = Parallel (Normal or Parallel to Building Ridge, see plan view)
Exposure Category = B (Section 26.7)
Topographic Factor, Kzt = 1.00 (See Figure 26.8-1)
The Topographic Factor, Kzt, accounts for effect of wind speed-up over isolated hills and
escarpments (Secttion 26.8 and Figure 26.8-1).
Kzt = (1+K1*K2*K3)^2 (Eq. 6-3), where:
H = height of hill or escarpment relative to the upwind terrain, in feet.
Lh = Distance upwind of crest to where the difference in ground elevation is
half the height of hill or escarpment, in feet.
K1 = factor to account for shape of topographic feature and maximum
speed-up effect.
K2 = factor to account for reduction in speed-up with distance upwind or
downwind of crest.
K3 = factor to account for reduction in speed-up with height above local terrain.
x = distance (upwind or downwind) from the crest to the building site, in feet.
z = height above local ground level, in feet.
The effect of wind speed-up shall not be required to be considered (Kzt = 1.0) when H/Lh <
0.2, or H < 15' for Exposures 'C' and 'D', or H < 60' for Exposure 'B'

Directionality Factor, Kd = 0.85 (Table 26.6-1)

Note: this factor shall only be applied when used in conjunction with load combinations
specified in Sect. 2.3 and 2.4. Otherwise, use Kd = 1.0.

Main Building Data:

Enclosure Category = Partially Enclosed (Section 26.1)

Building Ridge Heigth, hr = 15.03456 m. (hr>=he)
Building Eave Height, he = 15 m. (he<=hr)
Building Width = 66 m. (Normal to Building Ridge)
Building Length = 98.2 m. (Parallel to Building Ridge)
Roof Type = Monoslope (Gable or Monoslope Only)
Building Period Coeff. , Ct = 0.0853 (Assume T = Ct*h^(3/4) ; f = 1/T for frequency)
From UBC '97 (1630.2.2) Approximate values of Ct are:
Ct = 0.0853 for steel moment resisting frame
Ct = 0.0731 for reinforced concrete moment resisting frame
and eccentrically braced frames
Ct = 0.0488 for all other buildings
Building Damping Ratio, β = 0.03 User Define Damping (ranges from 0.01 - 0.07)

Calculations and Results:

Roof Angle, θ = 0.03 degrees

Mean Roof Height, h = 15 m. (h = he, if θ <=10 deg.)
Windward Wall Cp = 0.80 (Figure 27.4-1)
Leeward Wall Cp = -0.40 (Figure 27.4-1)
Side Walls Cp = -0.70 (Figure 27.4-1)
Roof Cp (zone #1) = -0.90 -0.18 (Figure 27.4-1) (zone #1 for 0 to h/2)
Roof Cp (zone #2) = -0.90 -0.18 (Figure 27.4-1) (zone #2 for h/2 to h)
Roof Cp (zone #3) = -0.50 -0.18 (Figure 27.4-1) (zone #3 for h to 2*h)
Roof Cp (zone #4) = -0.3 -0.18 (Figure 27.4-1) (zone #4 for > 2*h)
+GCpi Coefficient = 0.55 (See Sec. 26) (+ive Internal Pressure)
-GCpi Coefficient = -0.55 (See Sec. 26) (-ive Internal Pressure)

When z <= 15 then: Kz = 2.01*(15/zg)^(2/α) , If z > 15 then: Kz = 2.01*(z/zg)^(2/α) (Table 26.9-1)

but z shall not be taken less than 30 feet in exposure B.
α= 7.00
zg = 365.76 (Table 26.9-1)
Kh = 0.81 (Kh = Kz evaluated at z = h)

Velocity Pressure:
qz = 0.613*Kz*Kzt*Kd*V^2 (Eq. 27.3-1)
qh = 5680.63 N/m^2 qh = 0.613*Kh*Kzt*Kd*V^2 (qz evaluated at z = h)
Ratio h/L = 0.15
Gust Factor, G = 0.850 (See Section 26.9)
If the structure is "rigid", then the minimum of either the calculated value of 'G' for "rigid"
structures or 0.85 is used. If the structure is "flexible" then the calculated value of 'G' is (Sec 27.4.7)Note:
used. The wind load to be used in the design of the MWFRS for an enclosed or
(See calculations on page 3.) partially enclosed building shall not be less than 16 lb/ft2 (0.77
f= 1.538 hz. kN/m2) multiplied by the wall area of the building and 8 lb/ft2 (0.38
kN/m2) multiplied by the roof area of the building projected onto a
The Design Net External Wind Pressures area as follows (based on Section 27.4): vertical plane normal to the assumed wind direction. Wall and roof
p = qz*G*Cp - qi*(+/-GCpi) for windward wall (N/m^2), where: qi =qh (Eq. 27.4-1) loads shall be applied simultaneously.
p = qh*G*Cp - qi*(+/-GCpi) for leeward wall, sidewalls, and roof (N/m^2), where: qi = qh (Eq. 27.4-1)
 Parallel to Building Ridge Wind Load Data for MWFRS - Buildings of Any Height
z
qz p = Net Design Press. (N/m^2)
Wall Surface User Input Height? Yes Kz Cp
User Defined (m.) Generated (m.) N/m^2 (w/ +GCpi) (w/ -GCpi)
Windward Wall 0 0.576 4052.561 0.80 -368.60 5880.09
5 5 0.700 4924.725 0.80 224.47 6473.16
10 10 0.719 5059.230 0.80 315.93 6564.62
15 15 0.807 5680.626 0.80 738.48 6987.17

z = he: 15 0.807 5680.626 0.80 738.48 6987.17

z = h: 15 0.807 5680.626 0.80 738.48 6987.17
Leeward Wall All 0 0 -0.40 -5067.46 1181.23
Side Wall All 0 0 -0.70 -6504.32 -255.63
Roof (zone #1) cond. 1 0 0 0 -0.90 -7470.02 -1221.33
Roof (zone #1) cond. 2 - - - -0.18 -3993.48 2255.21
Roof (zone #2) cond. 1 - - - -0.90 -7470.02 -1221.33
Roof (zone #2) cond. 2 - - - -0.9 -4345.68 -4345.68
Roof (zone #3) cond. 1 - - - -0.50 -5538.61 710.08
Roof (zone #3) cond. 2 - - - -0.5 -5538.61 710.08
Roof (zone #4) cond. 1 - - - -0.3 -4572.90 1675.78
Roof (zone #4) cond. 2 - - - -0.3 -4572.90 1675.78

Notes: 1. (+) and (-) signs signify wind pressures acting toward & away from respective surfaces.
2. Per Code Section 27.4.7, the minimum wind load for MWFRS shall not be less than 0.77 kN/m^2.
Gust Effect Factor, G:

Is the Building Considered Flexible? No f >=1 Hz.

T= 0.650 T = Ct*h^(3/4)
f= 1.538 Hz.

a. Simplified Method:
G= 0.85

Used Parameters in Both b and c Calculations (from Table 26.9-1):

α^ = 0.143
b^ = 0.840
α(bar) = 0.250
b(bar) = 0.450
c= 0.300
l= 97.540 m.
ɛ(bar) = 0.333
z(min) = 9.140 m.

Calculated Parameters Used in Both Rigid and/or Flexible Building Calculations:

Equivalent Height of the building, z(bar) = 9.14 = 0.6*h , but not < z(min) , m. Table 26.9-1
Intensity of Turbulence, Iz(bar) = 0.305 = c*(10/z(bar))^(1/6) , Eq. 26.9-7
Integral Length Scale of Turbulence, Lz(bar) = 94.660 = l*(z(bar)/10)^(e(bar)) , Eq. 26.9-9
Peak Factor for Background Response, gq = 3.4 (3.4, per Sect. 26.9.4)
Peak Factor for Wind Response, gv = 3.4 (3.4, per Sect. 26.9.4)
Peak Factor for Resonant Response, gr = 4.291 = (2*(LN(3600*f)))^(1/2)+0.577/(2*LN(3600*f))^(1/2) , Eq. 26.9-11
Background Response Factor, Q = 0.798 = (1/(1+0.63*((B+h)/Lz(bar))^0.63))^(1/2) , Eq. 26.9-8

b. Gust Effect Factor, G for Rigid Building:

G= 1.151377662 = 0.925*((1+1.7*gq*Iz(bar)*Q)/(1+1.7*gv*Iz(bar))) , Eq. 26.9-6

c. Gust Effect Factor, G for Flexible Building:

β= 0.030 Damping Ratio
V(m/s) = N.A. Design Wind Speed
V(bar,zbar) = N.A. = b(bar)*(z(bar)/10)^(a(bar))*V , m./sec. , Eq. 26.9-16
N1 = N.A. = f*Lz(bar)/(V(bar,zbar)) , Eq. 26.9-14
Rn = N.A. = 7.47*N1/(1+10.3*N1)^(5/3) , Eq. 26.9-13
ŋh = N.A. = 4.6*f*h/(V(bar,zbar))
Rh = N.A. = (1/ŋh)-1/(2*ŋh^2)*(1-e^(-2*ŋh)) for ŋh>0, or = 1 for ŋh=0 ,Eq. 26.9-15a, b
ŋb = N.A. = 4.6*f*B/(V(bar,zbar))
RB = N.A. = (1/ŋb)-1/(2*ŋb^2)*(1-e^(-2*ŋb)) for ŋb>0, or = 1 for ŋb=0,Eq. 26.9-15a, b
ŋd = N.A. = 15.4*f*L/(V(bar,zbar))
RL = N.A. = (1/ŋd)-1/(2*ŋd^2)*(1-e^(-2*ŋd)) for ŋd>0, or = 1 for ŋd=0 ,Eq. 26.9-15a, b
R= N.A. = ((1/β)*Rn*Rh*RB*(0.53+0.47*RL))^(1/2) , Eq. 26.9-12
Gf = N.A. = 0.925*(1+1.7*Iz(bar)*(gq^2*Q^2+gr^2*R^2)^(1/2))/(1+1.7*gv*Iz(bar)) ,
Used Gust Effect Factor: G = 0.850
 Main Wind Force Resisting System

REFERENCES:
1 (A) American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE/SEI 7-10), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
2 (M) Mehta, Kishor C., Coulbourne, William L., Wind Loads: Guide to the Wind Load Provisions of ASCE7-10
3 (S) Simiu, Emil, Design for Buildings for Wind: A Guide for ASCE7-10 Standard Users and Designers of Special Structures