SEMINAR REPORT

ON

Bio-Battery
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Of Engineering In Electrical

By

Name of the student :- Rathod Swati Nivrutti

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Galave suresh

In

Department of Electrical Engineering

Trinity college of engineering &
Research, Pune
Session :- 2018 19
 Trinity college of engineering &
Research, Pune

Department of Electrical Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Miss. Rathod Swati Nivrutti of T.E. First semester electrical engineering has
presented a seminar on “BIO-BATTERY” and submitted for the fulfillment for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Engineering

Date:-. Prof. Suresh Galve

(Seminar Guide)

Prof. J.V. Satre. Dr. H.G. Fakatkar

(Head of the). (Principal)
 Acknowledgments

I am thankful to my seminar guide prof. Suresh Galve. (Lecturer, department of EE)

trinity college of engineering & research, Pune. For his valuable guidance
encouragement and co-operation during the course of this seminar and
 Abstract

Terracotta pots were converted into simple, single chamber, air cathod bio-batteries. This bio-
battery design used a graphite-felt anode and a conductive graphite coating without added
catalyst on the exterior as a cathode. Bacteria enriched from river sediment served as the anod
catalyst. These batteries gave an average OCA of 0.56 v ± 0.02. a coulombic efficiency of 21 ±
5%, and peak power of 1.06 mW ± 0.01 ( 33.13 mW/ m² ). Stable current was also produced
when the batteries were operated with hay extract in salt solution. The bacterial community on
the anode of the batteries was tasted for air tolerance and desiccation resistance over a period
ranging from 2 days to 2 weeks. The results showed that the anode community could survive
complete drying of the electrolyte for several days. These data support the further
development of this technology as a potential power source for LED-based lighting in off-grid,
rural communities.
 Contents

 Introduction
 What is Bio-battery ?
 History
 Working of Bio-battery
 Structure
 Glucose
 Process
 Diagram
 Need of Bio-batteries
 Types of Bio-batteries
 Future scope
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Application
 Conclusion
 References
 Introduction

A bio-battery is an energy storing device that is powered by organic compounds, usually

being glucose, such as the glucose in human blood. When enzymes in human bodies
break down glucose, several electrons and protons are released.

Therefore, by using enzymes to break down glucose, bio-batteries directly receive

energy from glucose. These batteries then store this energy for later use. This concept is
almost identical to how both plants and many animals obtain energy.

Although the batteries are still being tested before being commercially sold, several
research teams and engineers are working to further advance the development of these
batteries.
What is a Bio-Battery?

A bio-battery is known as a device in which the substrate material, organic or inorganic,

is converted to electric energy. This conversion takes place with the help of various
biological or biochemical agents, such as enzymes or micro-organisms.
The substrate is broken down in the presence of these agents to release protons and
electrons. The continuous circulation of these protons and electrons within the bio-
battery generates electricity.

History

As an electrical signal can induce a biological reaction; the reverse in is also true in most
of the cases and in this way biological processes can be used to generate electricity for
powering electrical equipment.
Even though the Bio fuel cells have been known for almost a century since the first
microbial BFC(Bio fuel cells) was demonstrated in 1912,the first enzyme-based bio-fuel
cell was reported only in 1964 using glucose oxidize (GOx) as the anodic catalyst and
glucose as the bio-fuel.
Workings of Bio-Battery

Structure
Like any cell battery, bio-batteries contain an anode, cathode, separator and electrolyte
with each component layered on top of another. Anodes and cathodes are the negative
and positive areas on a battery that allow electrons to flow in and out.

The anode is located at the top of the battery and the cathode is located at the bottom
of the battery. Anodes allow electrons to flow in from outside the battery, whereas
cathodes allow current to flow out from the battery.

Between the anode and the cathode lies the electrolyte which contains a separator. The
main function of the separator is to keep the cathode and anode separated, to avoid
electrical short circuits. This system as a whole, allows for a flow of protons (H+) and
electrons (e-) which ultimately generates electricity.

Glucose
Bio batteries are heavily based on the amount of glucose available. This glucose (sugar)
can be provided from nearly anything, including soda, waste materials (such as old
papers), or the glucose in living organisms.

The decomposition of materials to glucose (if they are not already in the proper stage) is
the main step in getting the cycle started. Materials can be converted into glucose
through the process of enzymatic hydrolysis.

Enzymatic hydrolysis is the process in which cellulose (an insoluble substance) is

converted to glucose by the addition of enzymes.Once glucose is present, oxygen and
other enzymes can act on it to further produce protons and electrons.

Process
Similar to how human bodies convert food to energy using enzymes, bio-batteries use
enzymes to convert glucose into energy.When glucose first enters the battery, it enters
through the anode. In the anode the sugar is broken down, producing both electrons
and protons.

Glucose → Gluconolactone + 2H+ + 2e−

These electrons and protons produced now play an important role in creating energy.
They travel through the electrolyte, where the separator redirects electrons to go
through the mediator to get to the cathode. On the other hand, protons are redirected
to go through the separator to get to the cathode side of the battery.

The cathode then consists of an oxidation reduction reaction.This reaction uses the
protons and electrons, with the addition of oxygen gas, to produce water.

O2 +4H+ + 4e− → 2H2O

There is a flow created from the anode to the cathode which is what generates the
electricity in the bio-battery.The flow of electrons and protons in the system are what
create this generation of electricity.
 Need for Bio-Batteries
In the field of electricity, a battery is a device that converts chemical energy to electrical
energy. Different types of batteries are used in various electronic and electrical devices.
However, these batteries contain certain chemicals such as compounds of lead and
mercury, which are highly toxic in nature. Also, chemical batteries are prone to
explosions, leakages, etc. These problems are not seen in the case of bio-batteries.

Therefore, bio-batteries have a great potential to be used as suitable alternatives or

even replacements for chemical batteries in the future.

Types of bio-batteries
Passive system type
A system in which reactive substances are absorbed in to the electrode through a
process of natural diffusion.

Active system type

In this type the reactive substance are introduced by force by technique as
string , convection.
 Future Scope

 Bio battery has great potential as a next-generation energy device. Advantages include
its excellent harmony with the environment as a product fueled by a carbohydrate
(glucose) having high energy density.

 Sony will continue to work toward the commercialization of this technology in the near
future, initially for use in toys and other low-power products.

 Bio-batteries have a very bright future ahead of them as test productions and research
have been increasing over recent years.

 They serve as a new form of energy that is proving to be environmentally friendly, as

well as successful, in producing and reserving energy

 Fully-integrated demonstrations are to be executed in close collaboration with

customer, for relevant applications.
 Advantages
 Instant recharge
 Eco friendly
 Raw material available easily & plenty
 Portable & light weight and compared to other use cell
 Readily available fuel source

Quick recharging capabilities

Enzymatic bio-batteries which function on glucose can be recharged quickly due to fast action of
the enzymes. Also, in a microbial bio-battery, glucose is an instantaneous source of energy.
Therefore, the battery can be recharged extremely quickly. Chemical batteries cannot be
charged
as quickly as bio-batteries.

Clean, non-toxic source of energy

Sources of energy (susbstrate material) for the functioning of a bio-battery are completely
renewable, non-polluting, as well as environmentally-friendly (wastewater recycled to produce
electricity). Therefore, unlike chemical batteries, bio-batteries are a clean, non-toxic source of
energy.

Extremely safe
Bio-batteries do not undergo explosions or leakages, which is not the case with chemical
batteries. Therefore, bio-batteries are completely safe to use.

Disadvantages

 Compare to conventional battery such as lithium battries , bio batteries are less likely to
retain most of their energy.
 They causes a problem when it comes to long term usuage and storage of energy for
these batteries.
 Applications

Presently, bio-batteries are under development for greater improvement, versatility, and usage in
various areas. Research is being carried out in this field of study.

However, bio-batteries can have great potential applications in the following fields -

Electronic devices - Bio-batteries are being developed so as to be used in electronic devices such as
laptops and mobile phones. Owing to their quick recharging capabilities, bio-batteries remain ideal
replacements for chemical batteries in these devices. Bio-batteries also possess great potential to be
used in electronic toys.

Medicine - Bio-batteries can find great usage in artificially-implanted medical devices such as artificial
pacemakers, external hearing devices, battery-operated insulin pumps, etc. Digital thermometers and
glucose meters (used by diabetics) can also be operated using bio-batteries.

Defence purposes - Bio-batteries have great potential to be used in the defence field for the purposes of
surveillance, remote sensing, spying devices, etc.

Fuel synthesis - Scientists have developed a prototype of a solar-powered microbial device (combination
of a bio-battery and a solar cell) which produces hydrogen gas. The energy sources for this combination
device are wastewater and sunlight.

If this technology is further developed and used on a larger scale, wastewater can be efficiently recycled,
and the increasing demand for clean, non-polluting fuel can be addressed.
Conclusion

 harmful chemicals or metals. . With that in mind, scientists seem to be exploring every
possible option in bio-battery and fuel-cell technology.
 They serve as a new form of energy that is proving to be environmentally friendly, as
well as successful, in producing and reserving energy.
 Although the batteries are still being tested before being commercially sold, several
research teams and engineers are working to further advance the development of these
batteries.
 References

 Apple, J., Vicente, R., Yarberry, A., Lohse, N., Mills, E., Jacobson, A., Poppendieck, D.,
 2010. Characterization of particulate matter size distributions and indoor
 Concentrations from kerosene and diesel lamps.
 Behera, m., Ghangrekar, M.M., 2011. Electricity generation in low cost microbial fuel
 Cell made up of earthenware of different thickness.
 Behera, m., Jana, P.S., Ghangrekar, M.M., 2010. Performance evaluation of low cost
 Microbial fuel cell fabricated using earthen pot with biotic and abiotic cathode.
 Bioresour
 Donovan, C., Dewan, A., Peng, H., Heo, D., Beyenal, H., 2011. Power management
 System for a 2.5 W remote sensor powered by a sediment microbial fuel cell. J.
Power sources 196, 1171–1177.