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Theory Repetition Method: Horizontal Angle Measurement Using Theodolite

The document describes two methods for measuring horizontal angles using a theodolite: 1. The repetition method measures the same angle multiple times (typically six) to increase accuracy. 2. The reiteration method measures angles successively and closes the horizon by measuring the initial angle again. Any discrepancy is distributed evenly among the measured angles. The procedure for each method is then outlined, including setting up the theodolite, sighting objects, and recording measurements. The conclusion states that the reiteration method ensures the sum of the measured angles is 360 degrees.

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Shiv Kumar Meena
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4K views

Theory Repetition Method: Horizontal Angle Measurement Using Theodolite

The document describes two methods for measuring horizontal angles using a theodolite: 1. The repetition method measures the same angle multiple times (typically six) to increase accuracy. 2. The reiteration method measures angles successively and closes the horizon by measuring the initial angle again. Any discrepancy is distributed evenly among the measured angles. The procedure for each method is then outlined, including setting up the theodolite, sighting objects, and recording measurements. The conclusion states that the reiteration method ensures the sum of the measured angles is 360 degrees.

Uploaded by

Shiv Kumar Meena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT -02

HORIZONTAL ANGLE MEASUREMENT USING THEODOLITE

AIM: To measure the horizontal angle by


1.Repetition Method
2.Reiteration Method
THEORY​:
● Repetition Method
This method is used for very accurate work. In this method, the same angle
is added several times mechanically and the correct value of the angle is
obtained by dividing the accumulated reading by the number of repetitions.
The number of repetitions made usually is six, three with the face left and
three with the face right. In this way, angles can be measured to the finer
degree of accuracy than that obtainable with the least count of the vernier.
However, it cannot be said that any desired degree of accuracy can be
obtained by increasing the number of repetitions considerably because the
errors due to frequent clamping etc. are introduced. There is therefore, no
advantage in increasing the number of observations beyond a certain limit.
Three repetitions with face left and three repetitions with face right are quite
sufficient except in cases of very precise work
● Reiteration Method
Reiteration is an other precise and comparatively less tedious method of
measuring the horizontal angles. It is generally preferred when several
angles are to be measured at a particular station. This method consists in
measuring the several angles successively, and finally closing the horizon
at the starting point. The final reading of the vernier A, should be the same
as its initial reading. If not, the discrepancy is equally distributed among all
all the measured angles.

APPARATUS USED:
1.Theodolite
2.Tripod
3.Ranging Rod
4.Pegs

PROCEDURE:
To measure the horizontal angle AOB by repetition.Repetition
Method
1. Set up the theodolite at station point O and level it accurately. (The
face of the instrument should be left.)
2. Set the vernier A, to zero or 360° by using the upper clamp and its
tangent screw. Then loosen the lower clamp direct the telescope to
the left hand object A, and bisect A, exactly by using the lower clamp
and its tangent screw.
3. Check the reading of the vernier A, and see whether it still reads
zero, and then read the other vernier B.
4. Loosen the upper clamp, turn the telescope clock wise and bisect the
right hand object (B) exactly by using the upper clamp and its tangent
screw.
5. Read both verniers. The object of reading the verniers is to obtain the
approximate value of the angle. (Suppose the mean reading is 50°4).
6. Loosen the lower clamp and turn the telescope clock wise until the
object (A) is sighted again. Bisect A, accurately using the lower
tangent screw. Check the vernier readings which must be same as
before.
7. Loosen the upper clamp, turn the telescope clockwise and again sight
towards B. Bisect B, accurately by using the upper tangent screw.

Suppose it is required to measure the angles AOB, BOC and COD


then to measure these angles by reiteration method.
1. Set up the instrument over station point O and level it accurately.
2. Set the vernier A, to 0° or 360° by using the upper clamp and its
tangent screw.
3. Direct the telescope to some well defined object (P) or say, the
station point A, which is known as the ‘Reference Object’. Bisect it
accurately by using the lower clamp and its tangent screw. Check the
reading at vernier A, which should still be 0° to 360° and note the
reading at vernier B.
4. Loosen the upper clamp and turn the telescope clock wise until the
point B, is exactly sighted by using upper tangent screw. Read both
verniers. The mean of the two vernier readings (after deducing 180°
from the reading at vernier B,) will give the value of the angle AOB.
5. Similarly bisect C and D successively, read both verniers at each
bisection, find the values of the angle BOC and COD.
6. Finally, close the horizon by sighting towards the reference object (P)
or the station point A.
7. The vernier A, should now read 360°. If not, note down the error. This
error occurs due to slip etc.
8. If the error is small, it is equally distributed among the several
observed angles. If large, the readings should be discarded and a
new set of readings be taken.
9. Change the face of the instrument.
10. Set the vernier A, to a reading other than 0°, say, 60° or 90°. This
is done to avoid errors of graduation.
11. Again measure the angles in the same manner by turning the
telescope this time in the counter clock wise direction to compensate
or slip and errors due to twisting of the instrument.
12. Close the horizon and apply the necessary correction to all the
angles as before.
13. The mean of the two results for each angle is taken as its true
value.

OBSERVATION TABLE:
1. REPETITION METHOD
2​.​REITERATION METHOD

CONCLUSION:
Horizontal angles can be measured by two methods .In case of method of
reiteration summation of angles is 360 degree.

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