Dimas Eko P - 5019
Dimas Eko P - 5019
Dimas Eko P - 5019
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL
Group Assignment – Solving Problem in Book Operation Management by William
Stevenson
By :
Dimas Eko Prasetyo (09211850015019)
Luthfi Yulian Fikri (09211850015021)
Maykel Yonathaan (09211850015023)
Gede Bayu Anugrah J. (09211850015024)
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 1
Magister Manajemen Teknologi ITS ‐ 2018
7 TOOLS QC
Poblem No. 2
An air-conditioning repair department manager has compiled data on the primary reason for
41 service calls for the previous week, as shown in the table. Using the data, make a check
sheet for the problem types for each customer type, and then construct a Pareto diagram for
each type of customer.
a. Check sheet tipe masalah untuk tiap customer bisa dibuat sebagai berikut,
Customer
Problem Type Residential Commercial
F(Equipment Failure) 7 2
N(Noisy) 10 3
O(Odor) 5 7
W(Runs Warm) 3 4
b. Sedangkan untuk pareto langkah‐langkahnya sebagai berikut,
1. Urutkan berdasarkan jumlah kejadian untuk tiap customer, dan hitung persen
cumulative‐nya.
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 2
7 TOOLS QC
Residential
Problem Type Cummulative
Problem Count
N(Noisy) 10 40%
F(Equipment Failure) 7 68%
O(Odor) 5 88%
W(Runs Warm) 3 100%
Total 25
Commercial
Problem Type Cummulative
Problem Count
O(Odor) 7 44%
W(Runs Warm) 4 69%
N(Noisy) 3 88%
F(Equipment Failure) 2 100%
Total 16
2. Buat grafik paretonya
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 3
7 TOOLS QC
Problem No. 3
Prepare a run chart similar to Figure 9.14 for the occurrences of defective computer monitors
based on the following data, which an analyst obtained from the process for making the
monitors. Workers are given a 15-minute break at 10:15 a.m. and 3:15 p.m., and a lunch break
at noon. What can you conclude?
Number Interval
Inverval Interval Number Number of
of Start
Start Time Start Time of Defects Defects
Defects Time
8:00 1 10:45 0 2:15 0
8:15 0 11:00 0 2:30 2
8:30 0 11:15 0 2:45 2
8:45 1 11:30 1 3:00 3
9:00 0 11:45 3 3:30 0
9:15 1 1:00 1 3:45 1
9:30 1 1:15 0 4:00 0
9:45 2 1:30 0 4:15 0
10:00 3 1:45 1 4:30 1
10:30 1 2:00 1 4:45 3
3.5 3 3 3 3
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
8:00
8:15
8:30
8:45
9:00
9:15
9:30
9:45
10:00
10:30
10:45
11:00
11:15
11:30
11:45
13:00
13:15
13:30
13:45
14:00
14:15
14:30
14:45
15:00
15:30
15:45
16:00
16:15
16:30
16:45
Hours
Number of Defects
From run charts shown aboved, we can see pattern occurrences of defective computer monitor
related to break hour and final working hour. We can see that defects become larger when in
hour of 10:00, 11:45, 3:00, and 4:45. The situation could be happens because of workers are
so tired. Therefore, management should evaluate and give attention in order to overcome the
problems. Observation, interview, etc could be alternative ways to help making decision.
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 4
7 TOOLS QC
Problem 6.
Prepare a cause-and-effect diagram to analyze the possible causes of late delivery of parts
ordered from a supplier.
Answer :
In This case we use 4 aspects that can be the possible cause of late delivery of parts ordered
from a supplier problem. The 4 aspects is :
1. Man
Poor Scheduling
Insufficient Capacity
Unskilled Workers
2. Machine
Breakdown
Capacity
Shortage of raw material
3. Method
Lack of Coordination
Late to Supplier
Misinformation
4. Environment
Traffic
Weather
Machine Method
Shortage of Raw Lack of Coordination
Material
Capacity Late to supplier
(Late to Release Order)
Breakdown Misinformation
Late delivery of
parts ordered
from a supplier.
Poor Scheduling
Weather
Insufficient Capacity
Traffic
Unskilled Workers
Man Environment
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 5
7 TOOLS QC
Problem 8a.
Prepare a scatter diagram for each of these data sets and then express in words the apparent
relationship between the two variables. Put the first variable on the horizontal axis and the
second variable on the vertical axis.
Absenteeism Rate
8
7
6
5
4
absenteeism rate
3
2
1
0
0 20 40 60 80
the conclusion that can be drawn from this scatter diagram as follow :
Good correlation between the absenteeism and age
Absenteeism often occurs with increase of age
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 6
7 TOOLS QC
Error Rate
6
3
error rate
2
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
The conclusion that can be drawn from this scatter diagram as follow :
Good correlation between the error rate and temperature
The error rate decreases when the temperature rises between 65 and 75, and rises again
after a temperature of 75
Critical area occurs at a temperature of around 70 to achieve a low error rate
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 7
7 TOOLS QC
Case 2
Tip Top Markets is a regional chain of supermarkets located in the Southeastern United States.
Karen Martin, manager of one of the stores, was disturbed by the large number of complaints
from customers at her store, particularly on Tuesdays, so she obtained complaint records from
the store's customer service desk for the last eight tuesdays.
Assume you have been asked to help analyze the data and to make recommendations for
improvement. Analyze the data using a check sheet, a pareto diagram, and run charts. Then
construct a cause-and-effect diagram for the leading category on your Pareto diagram.
On July 15, changes were implemented to reduce out-of-stock complaints, improve store
maintenance, and reduce checkout lines/pricing problems. Do the results of the last two weeks
reflect improvement?
Based on your analysis, prepare a list of recommendations that will address customer
complaints.
Answer :
In This case first thing first, we have to categorize all of the problem into some sub-category
that represent the problem
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 8
7 TOOLS QC
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 9
7 TOOLS QC
Based on above data, determine the categories of complain as follow :
Check
Product Waiting parking Stores Charging
stock Price Out Total
Quality Lines condition condition Mistake
Speed
1‐Jun 7 4 ‐ ‐ 1 4 2 3 21
8‐Jun 7 4 ‐ ‐ ‐ 5 ‐ 4 20
15‐Jun 5 5 1 1 ‐ 4 1 6 23
22‐Jun 4 8 ‐ ‐ ‐ 3 1 1 17
29‐Jun 2 7 ‐ 3 ‐ 4 ‐ 2 18
6‐Jul 1 9 1 ‐ ‐ 8 1 2 22
13‐Jul ‐ 8 1 1 ‐ 5 1 3 19
20‐Jul ‐ 13 2 0 2 2 2 1 22
27‐Jul ‐ 11 1 1 9 ‐ ‐ 22
Total 26 69 6 5 4 44 8 22 184
No Category Quantity
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 10
7 TOOLS QC
From this data we can make the pareto chart of the problem,
1 50 80
Quantity
Percent
60
1 00
40
50
20
0 0
Complain
oc
k on ity ke ed ic e er
st iti u al
is
ta pe Pr O th
nd q S
co ct g
M ut
es du in k
O
or Pr
o
a rg ec
St Ch Ch
Quantity 69 44 26 22 8 6 9
Percent 37.5 23.9 1 4.1 1 2.0 4.3 3.3 4.9
Cum % 37.5 61 .4 75.5 87.5 91 .8 95.1 1 00.0
Based on pareto diagram, the major problem based on complain data is Stock of product,
Stores Condition and Product Quality
Run Chart
60
50
Quantity
40
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Observation
Number of runs about median: 2 Number of runs up or down: 1
Expected number of runs: 5.0 Expected number of runs: 5.0
Longest run about median: 4 Longest run up or down: 7
Approx P-Value for Clustering: 0.01 1 Approx P-Value for Trends: 0.000
Approx P-Value for Mixtures: 0.989 Approx P-Value for Oscillation: 1 .000
Statistics
Variable N N* Mean SE Mean StDev Minimum Q1 Median Q3 Maximum
Quantity 8 0 23 8.2 23.19 4 5.25 15 39.5 69
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 11
7 TOOLS QC
From the above data, we can make the cause & Effect diagram of customer complaints
problem in Tip Top Market ;
Stock of Product Product Quality
Product Storage
Poor Inventory System
Poor Storage System Expiration Product
Checking System
Accesability
Of Product Supplier Selection
Delay by Supplier
Product Handling
Customer
Complaints
Employee
Service Level
Standart Temperature
Management of
Cleaning Service
Layout Facility
Store Condition
Base on the cause & Effect diagram above , we can recommend, that :
1. Stock Product Problem.
Poor Inventory System, For this problem, management must evaluate their inventory
system, find the main problem that delay their inventory system and try to fix it.
Poor Storage System, management must ensure their storage facility easy to access
when any items / products are needed in store
Accesability of product, the store must be desain to make the customer easy to find the
products that needed
Delay by Supplier, Management must evaluate all of their supplier, look what their
problem to supplying their product to our store and make a good & strong relationship
to the supplier, so they can control their customer and prevent delay.
2. Product Quality Problem
Product Storage, The store must ensure their storage for fresh products in good
condition, upgrade or add a new storage if needed.
Expiration Product Checking System, the management must evaluate their Expiration
Product Checking System, do more tight supervision, do more often if necessary
Supplier Selection, check the quality of product from the supplier strictly, evaluate the
supplier if necessary
Product Handling, make a standart operation procedure (SOP) of handling a fragile
product
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 12
7 TOOLS QC
3. Store Condition Problem
Layout Facility, the Management must evaluate their layout facility and make a more
convenient store.
Management of Cleaning Service, the Management must evaluate their cleaning service
process, make a SOP, routine monitoring schedule and improved their speed of service.
Add more clening service staff if necessary.
Standart Temperature, make a standart of temperature by the number of customere in
store. Do a research about standart temperature that customer needed if necessary
Employee Service Level, evaluate the employee service level, do a refresh training,
create a program that can make a good service and friendliness as a culture of the
company.
7 TOOLS FOR QUALITY CONTROL 13