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    Muscle Imbalance

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    Lhiina
    This document discusses muscle imbalance syndromes called upper crossed syndrome and lower crossed syndrome. Upper crossed syndrome involves tightness of upper back and shoulder muscles crossing with weakness of neck and mid-back muscles, leading to poor posture. Lower crossed syndrome involves tightness of low back muscles crossing with weakness of abdominal and gluteal muscles, also causing poor posture. Both syndromes are treated through stretching tight muscles and strengthening weak ones to restore balance.

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    Muscle Imbalance

    Uploaded by

    Lhiina
    296 views35 pages
    This document discusses muscle imbalance syndromes called upper crossed syndrome and lower crossed syndrome. Upper crossed syndrome involves tightness of upper back and shoulder muscles crossing with weakness of neck and mid-back muscles, leading to poor posture. Lower crossed syndrome involves tightness of low back muscles crossing with weakness of abdominal and gluteal muscles, also causing poor posture. Both syndromes are treated through stretching tight muscles and strengthening weak ones to restore balance.

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    Muscle imbalance syndrome

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    Muscle imbalance

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    This document discusses muscle imbalance syndromes called upper crossed syndrome and lower crossed syndrome. Upper crossed syndrome involves tightness of upper back and shoulder muscles crossing with weakness of neck and mid-back muscles, leading to poor posture. Lower crossed syndrome involves tightness of low back muscles crossing with weakness of abdominal and gluteal muscles, also causing poor posture. Both syndromes are treated through stretching tight muscles and strengthening weak ones to restore balance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    296 views35 pages

    Muscle Imbalance

    Uploaded by

    Lhiina
    This document discusses muscle imbalance syndromes called upper crossed syndrome and lower crossed syndrome. Upper crossed syndrome involves tightness of upper back and shoulder muscles crossing with weakness of neck and mid-back muscles, leading to poor posture. Lower crossed syndrome involves tightness of low back muscles crossing with weakness of abdominal and gluteal muscles, also causing poor posture. Both syndromes are treated through stretching tight muscles and strengthening weak ones to restore balance.

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    Muscle Imbalance

    Syndrome
    NURWAHIDA PUSPITASARI, M.OR
    The Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain
    Cycle
    Tonic and Phasic Systems
    • The tonic system is the first used by the human
    body, as it is responsible for maintaining the fetal
    posture in newborn infants.
    • The phasic system soon is activated as the infant
    learns to lift her head for visual orientation.
    • The development of normal movement patterns
    utilizes reflexive coactivation of the tonic and
    phasic systems
    Type I muscle fibers in tonic muscles
    Type II fibers in phasic muscles
    Causes of Muscle Tightness and
    Weakness
    Upper Crossed Syndrome &
    Lower Crossed Syndrome
    Upper-Crossed Syndrome
    • Upper-crossed syndrome (UCS) is also referred to as
    proximal or shoulder girdle crossed syndrome (Janda
    1988).
    • In UCS, tightness of the upper trapezius and levator
    scapula on the dorsal side crosses with tightness of the
    pectoralis major and minor.
    • Weakness of the deep cervical flexors ventrally crosses
    with weakness of the middle and lower trapezius.
    • This pattern of imbalance creates joint dysfunction,
    particularly at the atlanto-occipital joint, C4-C5
    segment, cervicothoracic joint, glenohumeral joint, and
    T4-T5 segment
    Upper Crossed Syndrome
    Specific postural changes are seen in UCS:
    • including forward head posture,
    • increased cervical lordosis and thoracic kyphosis,
    • elevated and protracted shoulders, and
    • rotation or abduction and winging of the scapulae
    • These postural changes decrease glenohumeral stability as
    the glenoid fossa becomes more vertical due to serratus
    anterior weakness leading to abduction, rotation, and
    winging of the scapulae.
    • This loss of stability requires the levator scapula and upper
    trapezius to increase activation to maintain glenohumeral
    centration (Janda 1988).
    Lower Crossed Syndrome
    • Lower-crossed syndrome (LCS) is also referred to
    as distal or pelvic crossed syndrome (Janda 1987).
    • In LCS, tightness of the thoracolumbar extensors
    on the dorsal side crosses with tightness of the
    iliopsoas and rectus femoris.
    • Weakness of the deep abdominal muscles
    ventrally crosses with weakness of the gluteus
    maximus and medius.
    • This pattern of imbalance creates joint
    dysfunction, particularly at the : L4-L5 and L5-S1
    segments, SI joint, and hip joint.
    Specific postural changes seen in LCS
    Specific postural changes seen in LCS include:
    • anterior pelvic tilt,
    • increased lumbar lordosis,
    • lateral lumbar shift,
    • lateral leg rotation, and
    • knee hyperextension.
    • If the lordosis is deep and short, then imbalance is
    predominantly in the pelvic muscles; if the lordosis is
    shallow and extends into the thoracic area, then
    imbalance predominates in the trunk muscles (Janda
    1987).
    Janda identified two subtypes of LCS:
    • Janda identified two subtypes of LCS: A and B.
    • Patients with LCS type A use more hip flexion and
    extension movement for mobility; their standing
    posture demonstrates an anterior pelvic tilt with
    slight hip flexion and knee flexion.
    • These individuals compensate with a
    hyperlordosis limited to the lumbar spine and
    with a hyperkyphosis in the upper lumbar and
    thoracolumbar segments.
    LCS Type B
    • Janda's LCS type B involves more movement
    of the low back and abdominal area.
    • There is minimal lumbar lordosis that extends
    into the thoracolumbar segments,
    compensatory kyphosis in the thoracic area,
    and head protraction.
    • The COG is shifted backward with the
    shoulders behind the axis of the body, and the
    knees are in recurvatum.
    Stretching
    Strengthening
    Lower Crossed Syndrome

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