B.

MEDICAL

Drug Study
NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
RESPONSIBILITY
Generic Name: ➢ Clindamycin has a ➢ Infections caused ➢ Mild Nausea, ➢ Assess patient’s
➢ Clindamycin primarily by sensitive vomiting, or infection before
Hydrochloride bacteriostatic staphylococci, stomach pain, and regularly
effect. It is a streptococci, joint pain, throughout
Brand Name: bacterial protein pneumococci, vaginal itching or therapy.
➢ Dalacin synthesis bacteriodes, discharges, mild ➢ Before giving
inhibitor by fusibacterium, rash or heartburn, first dose,
Classification: inhibiting clostridium irritation on the obtain specimen
Bacteriostatic ribosomal perfingers, and throat. for culture and
translocation, in other sensitive sensitivity test,
Dosage: a similar way to aerobic and begin therapy
➢ 60 mg macrolides. anaerobic pending results.
organisms.
➢ Monitor renal
Frequency: hepatic and
➢ Children (>1month) CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
hematopoietic
IM/IV 20mg/kg/day ➢ Contraindicated ➢ CNS: headache functions during
in 3 or 4 equal in patient’s prolonged
doses. hypersensitivity ➢ CV: therapy.
to drug or thrombophlebitis
➢ Teach the mother
Route: lincomycin ➢ GI: abdominal
of the patient on
➢ Intramuscular ➢ Use cautiously in pain, anorexia,
patients with bloody or tarry
renal or hepatic stools, how to store oral
disease, asthma, constipation, situation.
history of GI diarrhea, ➢ Instruct the
disease, or dysphagia, mother to report
significant esophagitis, diarrhea and
allergies. flatulence, vomiting.
nausea,
pseudomembranous
colitis,
unpleasant or
bitter taste
vomiting
➢ GU: UTI
➢ HEMATOLOGIC:
eosinophilia,
thrombocytopenia,
transient
leucopenia.

➢ SKIN:
maculopapular
rash, urticaria
➢ OTHER:
anaphylaxis,
erythema, pain
 NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
RESPONSIBILITY
Generic Name: Salbutamol activates ➢ Bronchial asthma ➢ Feeling a bit shaky ➢ Asses lung sounds,
➢ Salbutamol adenylyl cyclase, ➢ Chronic obstructive ➢ Headache PR and BP before
the enzyme that pulmonary ➢ Irritation or drug
Brand Name: stimulates the disease(COPD) dryness of the administration and
➢ Hivent DS production of cyclic ➢ Chronic bronchitis mouth and throat during peak of
adenosine -3’,5’- ➢ Emphysema ➢ Weakness medication.
Classification: monophosphate ➢ Bronchospasm ➢ Restless ➢ Observed for
➢ Bronchodilator (cAMP). Increased ➢ Dizziness paradoxical spasm
(therapeutic) cAMP leads to ➢ Lactic Acidosis and withhold
➢ Adrenergic activation of medication and
CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
(pharmacologic) protein kinase A, notify physician
➢ Hyperthyroidism ➢ Rapid or uneven
which inhibits if condition
➢ Myocardial heartbeat
Dosage: phosphorylation of occurs.
insufficiency ➢ Flushing
➢ 2mg/mL myosin and lowers ➢ Administer PO
➢ Arrhythmias ➢ Muscle cramps
intracellular ionic medication with
➢ Hypertension uncommon with
Route: Ca concentrations, meals to gastric
➢ DM inhaled
➢ Inhalation or resulting in smooth irritation.
➢ Glaucoma salbutamol.
Respiratory muscle relaxation. ➢ Extended-release
hypokalemia
tablet should be
➢ Seizure disorder
Frequency: swallowed-whole.
➢ Renal impairment It should not be
q-6
➢ Elderly crushed or chewed.
➢ Pregnancy and ➢ If administering
lactation medication through
inhalation, allow
at least 1 minute
between inhalation
of aerosol
medication.
➢ Advised the
patient to rinse
mouth with water
after each
inhalation to
minimize dry
mouth.
➢ Inform the patient
that Albuterol may
cause an unusual
or bad taste.
 NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
RESPONSIBILITY
Generic Name: Meropenem is a ➢ Susceptible ➢ Nausea ➢ Lab tests: perform
➢ Meropenem synthetic carbepenem infections ➢ Vomiting C&S tests prior to
β- lactam antibiotic ➢ Meningitis ➢ Diarrhea therapy. Monitor
Brand Name: that exerts its ➢ Cystic fibrosis ➢ Constipation periodically liver
➢ Merrem bactericidal ➢ Skin and skin ➢ Headache and kidney
activity by structure ➢ Soreness, redness, function.
Classification: inhibiting bacterial infections or swelling at the ➢ Determine history
➢ Bactericidal cell wall synthesis ➢ Intra-abdominal injection site. of
in gm+ve and gm-ve infections ➢ Phlebitis hypersensitivity
Dosage: bacteria through reactions to other
➢ Thrombophlebitis
➢ 30 mg binding to several beta-lactams,
CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
penicillin-binding cephalosporins,
➢ Hypersensitivity ➢ Positive direct or
Route: proteins (PBPs). penicillins, or
to meropenem indirect Coomb’s
➢ Intravenous other drugs
➢ History of test
➢ Discontinue drug
anaphylactic ➢ Stevens-Johnson
Frequency: and immediately
reactions to β- syndrome, toxic
➢ Once a day report S&S of
lactams (e.g. epidermal
hypersensitivity.
penicillins, necrolysis,
cephalosporins) thrombocythemia ➢ Report S&S of
superinfection or
➢ Patient w/ ➢ Headache
pseudomembranous
underlying CNS ➢ Hemolytic anemia
colitis.
➢ Pregnancy and ➢ Rash
➢ Monitor for
lactation ➢ Pruritus
seizures
➢ Sepsis
especially in
➢ Apnea older adults and
➢ Shock those with renal
➢ Glossitis insufficiency.
➢ Oral candidiasis
➢ Convulsion
 NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
RESONSIBILITY
Generic Name: Zinc Sulfate serves ➢ Replacement and ➢ Gastric irritation ➢ Monitor
➢ Zinc sulfate as a cofactor for supplementation ➢ Nausea progression of
many enzymatic therapy and in ➢ Vomiting zinc deficiency
Brand Name: reactions. Required patients who are symptoms during
➢ E-Zinc for normal growth at risk for zinc therapy
and tissue repair, deficiency. ➢ Encourage patient
Classification: wound healing, and to comply with the
➢ Mineral and sense of taste and CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS diet
electrolyte smell. ➢ Hypersensitivity ➢ Abdominal pain recommendation
replacement or or allergy to any ➢ Dyspepsia ➢ Ask the patient to
supplement components in the ➢ Diarrhea notify any of the
formulation ➢ Gastritis health care team
Dosage: ➢ Use cautiously in ➢ Copper deficiency if the patient
➢ 2ml renal failure (e.g. feels nausea,
sideroblastic, vomiting,
Route: anemia, abdominal pain or
➢ PO neutropenia) tarry stools occur
➢ Emphasize the
Frequency: importance of
➢ Once a day follow up checkup.
 NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
RESPONSIBILITY
Generic Name: Sildenafil inhibits Pulmonary arterial Warmth or redness in ➢ Monitor carefully
➢ Sildenafil phosphodiesterase HTN the face, neck or the vital signs
type-5 (PDE-5) which chest, stuffy nose, and immediately
Brand Name: is responsible for headaches, stomach report signs and
➢ Revatio cyclic guanosine pain, upset stomach, symptoms of
monophosphate (cGMP) nausea, diarrhea, cardiac distress.
Classification: degradation in the memory problems, ➢ Don’t give after
➢ Phosphodiesterase corpus cavernosum. back pain, an if the patient
inhibitors Inhibition of PDE-5 inability to consumes a high-
increase cGMP which differentiate fat meal, it may
Dosage: results in pulmonary between he colors cause delay in
➢ 1.3 mg /pp tab (1 vascular smooth green and blue, loss drug action.
tab) muscle cells of hearing, ringing
relaxation. in the ears, and
Route: dizziness.
➢ PO

Frequency:
➢ Once a day
 CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS
Patient w/ severe CV Headache, flushing,
disorders (e.g. dyspepsia, visual
unstable angina, disturbances,
cardiac failure), dizziness, insomnia,
loss of vision in 1 anxiety, vertigo,
eye because of non- epistaxis, nasal
arteritic anterior congestion, pyrexia,
ischemic optic skin rashes,
neuropathy (NAION), erythema, alopecia,
hypotension (BP limb/back pain,
<90/50 mmHg), recent myalgia, facial
history of stroke or edema, fluid
MI, known hereditary retention,
degenerative retinal paresthesia, UTI,
disorders. Severe dyspnea, cough,
hepatic impairment. rhinitis, sinusitis,
Concomitant use w/ bronchitis,
nitrates of any form cellulitis, sudden
and nicorandil. decrease or loss of
hearing, anemia,
leucopenia,
gynecomastia,
seizures,
cerebrovascular
hemorrhage,
transient ischemic
attack,
palpitations,
syncope, HTN,
hypotension. Rarely,
hypersensitivity
reactions, NAION
causing permanent
loss of vision,
retinal hemorrhage.
 NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
RESPONSIBILITY
Generic Name: Furosemide inhibits ➢ Edema associated ➢ Increased urination ➢ Furosemide is often
➢ Furosemide reabsorption of Na with heart failure ➢ Thirst given in
and Cl mainly in the ➢ Hypertension ➢ Muscle cramps conjunction with a
Brand Name: medulla portion of ➢ Acute pulmonary ➢ Itching or rash potassium
➢ Lasix the ascending loop supplement or a
edema ➢ Weakness
of Henle. Excretion potassium-sparing
of K and ammonia is ➢ Dizziness
Drug Class: diuretic to
also increased while ➢ Spinning sensation
➢ Loop Diuretic counteract
uric acid excretion ➢ Diarrhea
is reduced. It potassium loss.
Dosage: ➢ Stomach pain and
increases plasma- ➢ The medication has
➢ 30 mg ➢ Constipation
renin activity, CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS a rapid onset of
plasma- effect of about one
Route: ➢ Hypersensitivity to ➢ Hyponatremia
norepinephrine and hour when taken
➢ Slow intravenous furosemide and ➢ Hypochloremia,
plasma-arginine- orally and five
injection sulfonamides alkalosis,
vasopressin minutes by
concentrations ➢ Anuria or renal hypokalemia
injection
Frequency: failure ➢ Headache
➢ Explain to patients
➢ Once a day ➢ Addison’s disease ➢ Drowsiness
that furosemide
➢ Hypovolemia or ➢ Muscle cramps controls high blood
dehydration, ➢ Hypotension pressure but does
precomatose state ➢ Dry mouth not cure it and
associated with ➢ Thirst, weakness therefore they need
liver cirrhosis ➢ Lethargy to continue with
➢ Patient with ➢ Restlessness the medication even
prediabetes or DM, ➢ Oliguria if the feel well.
hepatic cirrhosis ➢ GI disturbance ➢ Advise patients not
➢ Gout ➢ Hypovolemia to stop taking
➢ Impaired ➢ Tinnitus furosemide without
micturition consulting the
➢ Risk from a prescribing health
pronounced fall in care professional.
BP. Risk of ➢ Health education
ototoxicity with should be given
rapid inj. regarding diet and
➢ Renal and hepatic exercise
impairment
➢ Pregnancy and
lactation