DRUG DATA MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRAIN ADVERSE REACTIONS DOSAGE NURSING ACTIONS & CONSIDERATIONS

ACTION DICATIONS

Generic Interferes with ➣Infections of ● Neonates CNS: headache, ➣Infections of Patient monitoring
Name:  bacterial cell- respiratory (28 days or confusion, respiratory - Monitor for extreme confusion, tonic-
wall synthesis system, younger) hemiparesis, system, clonic seizures, and mild hemiparesis
and division by bones, joints, lethargy, bones, joints, and when giving high doses.
ceftriaxone
binding to cell and skin; paresthesia, syncope, skin; septicemia ● Monitor coagulation studies.
sodium
wall, causing septicemia seizures Adults: 1 to 2 ● Assess CBC and kidney and liver
cell to die. ➣Uncomplicate CV: hypotension, g/day I.M. or I.V. function test results.
Brand Name: Active against d gonorrhea palpitations, chest or in ● Monitor for signs and symptoms of
gram-negative ➣Meningitis pain, vasodilation equally divided superinfection and other serious adverse
and gram- ➣Otitis media EENT: hearing loss doses q 12 reactions.
Rocephin positive ➣Skin and GI: nausea, hours.Maximum ● Be aware that cross-sensitivity to
bacteria, with skin-structure vomiting, diarrhea, daily dosage is 4 penicillins and cephalosporins mayoccur.
CLASSIFICA- expanded infections abdominal cramps, g.
TION: activity ➣Other serious oral candidiasis, ➣Uncomplicated Patient teaching
against gram- infections pseudomembranou gonorrhea ● Instruct patient to report persistent
negative s colitis, Adults: 250 mg diarrhea, bruising, or bleeding.
Pharmacologic bacteria. pancreatitis, I.M. as a single ● Caution patient not to use herbs
class: Exhibits minimal Clostridium dose unless prescriber approves.
Third-generation immunosuppres difficile–associated ➣Surgical ● As appropriate, review all other
Cephalosporin sant diarrhea prophylaxis significant and life-threatening adverse
activity. GU: vaginal Adults: 1 g I.V. as reactions and interactions, especially
Therapeutic candidiasis a single dose those related to the drugs, tests, and
class: Hematologic: within herbs mentioned above.
Anti-infective lymphocytosis, 1 hour before start
eosinophilia, of surgical
Pregnancy risk bleeding tendency, procedure
Pregnancy risk hemolytic ➣Meningitis
category B anemia, Adults: 1 g to 2 g
hypoprothrombine I.V. q 12 hours for
mia, neutropenia, 10 to 14 days
thrombocytopenia, Children: Initially,
agranulocytosis, 100 mg/kg/day
bone marrow I.M. or I.V. (not to
depression exceed 4 g). Then
Hepatic: jaundice, 100 mg/kg/day
hepatomegaly I.M. or I.V. once
Musculoskeletal: daily or in equally
arthralgia divided doses q 12
Respiratory: hours
dyspnea (not to exceed 4
Skin: urticaria, g) for 7 to 14
maculopapular or days.
erythematous ➣Otitis media
rash Children: 50
Other: chills, fever, mg/kg I.M. as a
superinfection, single
pain at I.M. injection dose; maximum of
site, anaphylaxis, 1 g/dose.
serum sickness ➣Skin and skin-
structure
infections
Children: 50 to
75 mg/kg/day I.V.
or I.M. once or
twice daily.
Maximum
dosage is 2 g
daily.
➣Other serious
infections
Children: 50 to
75 mg/kg/day I.V.
or I.M. once or
 twice daily

DRUG DATA MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRAIN ADVERSE REACTIONS DOSAGE NURSING ACTIONS & CONSIDERATIONS
ACTION DICATIONS

Generic Relaxes smooth ➣To prevent Hypersensit CNS: dizziness, ➣To prevent and Patient monitoring
Name:  muscles by and relieve ivity to excitement, relieve - Stay alert for hypersensitivity
stimulating bronchospasm drug headache, bronchospasm reactions and paradoxical bronchospasm.
beta2-receptors, in patients with hyperactivity, in patients with Stop drug immediately
albuterol
thereby causing reversible insomnia reversible if these occur.
(salbutamol)
bronchodilation obstructive CV: hypertension, obstructive airway ● Monitor serum electrolyte
and vasodilation airway disease palpitations, disease levels.
Brand Name: ➣To prevent tachycardia, Adults and
exercise- chest pain children ages 12 Patient teaching
induced EENT: conjunctivitis, and older: ● Tell patient to swallow extendedrelease
Proventil bronchospasm dry and irritated Tablets—2 to 4 mg tablets whole and not to mix
throat, pharyngitis P.O. three or four them with food.
CLASSIFICA- GI: nausea, vomiting, times daily, not to ● Follow manufacturer’s directions
TION: anorexia, heartburn, exceed 32 mg supplied with inhalation drugs.
GI distress, dry daily. - Teach patient signs and symptoms
mouth Extended-release of hypersensitivity reaction and
Pharmacologic Metabolic: tablets—4 to 8 mg paradoxical
class: hypokalemia P.O. bronchospasm. Tell him to stop
Sympathomimet Musculoskeletal: q 12 hours, not to taking drug immediately and contact
ic muscle cramps exceed 32 mg prescriber if these occur.
(beta2- Respiratory: cough, daily in - Instruct patient to notify prescriber
adrenergic dyspnea, wheezing, divided doses. immediately if prescribed
agonist) paradoxical Syrup—2 to 4 mg dosage fails to provide usual relief,
bronchospasm (1 to because this may indicate seriously
Therapeutic Skin: pallor, urticaria, 2 tsp or 5 to 10 worsening asthma.
class: rash, ml) three or four ● Advise patient to limit intake of
Bronchodilator, angioedema, flushing, times caffeine-
antiasthmatic sweating daily, not to containing foods and beverages
Pregnancy risk Other: tooth exceed 8 mg q.i.d. and to avoid herbs unless prescriber
Pregnancy risk discoloration, Aerosol—one to approves.
category C increased two inhalations q 4 ● Caution patient to avoid driving and
appetite, to 6 hours to other hazardous activities until he
hypersensitivity relieve knows how drug affects concentration
reaction bronchospasm; and alertness.
two inhalations ● Advise patient to establish effective
q.i.d. to prevent bedtime routine and to take drug
bronchospasm. well before bedtime to minimize
Solution for insomnia.
inhalation—2.5 mg ● As appropriate, review all other
three to four times significant
daily by and life-threatening adverse
nebulization, reactions and interactions, especially
delivered over 5 to those related to the drugs, foods, and
15 minutes. herbs mentioned above.
Children ages 6
to 12: Tablets—2
mg
P.O. three or four
times daily;
maximum
daily dosage is 24
mg, given in
divided doses.
Extended-release
tablets—4 mg q 12
hours; maximum
daily dosage is 24
mg/kg given in
divided doses.
Syrup—2 mg (1
tsp or
5 ml) three or four
times daily, not to
exceed 24 mg.
Adults and
children age 4
and older
(with ProAir
HFA): Two
inhalations q
4 to 6 hours to
treat acute
bronchospasm
Children ages 2
to 12 weighing
more
than 15 kg (33
lb): Solution for
inhalation—2.5 mg
three to four
times/day by
nebulization
Children ages 2
to 6: Syrup—
Initially,
0.1 mg/kg P.O.
t.i.d., not to
exceed
2 mg (1 tsp)
t.i.d.Maximum
dosage is
4 mg (2 tsp) t.i.d.
➣To prevent
exercise-induced
bronchospasm
Adults and
children older
than age 4
(older than age
12 with
Proventil):
Two inhalations 15
minutes before
exercise
Adults and
children age 4
and older
(with ProAir
HFA): Two
inhalations q
15 to 30 minutes
before exercise