Geology Mineral Resources CG PDF

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{d{dY àH$meZ g§»`m 30 ^mJ XXI, V¥Vr` n[aemo{YV g§ñH$aU
GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF CHHATTISGARH

Miscellaneous Publication No. 30 Part XXI, Third Revised Edition
^maV gaH$ma Ho$ AmXoe go àH$m{eV

Published by order of the Government of India
2013
Stromatolitic limestone near Amaseoni, Raipur district, Chhattisgarh
Photo by: Shri B.K. Mishra, Senior Geologist, GSI, SU: CG, Raipur
Banded Haematite Jasper(BHJ), Bhalapuri area, Kabirdham district, Chhattisgarh

Photo by: Shri D.K.Thawait, Senior Geologist, GSI, SU: CG, Raipur
Scheelite under ultraviolet lamp in Calc Silicate rock, Village-Adhaura, Balrampur district, Chhattisgarh
Photo by: Shri S.R. Mohanty, Geologist, GSI, SU: CG, Raipur
Govt. of India ISSN 0579 - 4706
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{d{dY àH$meZ g§»`m 30 ^mJ XXI, V¥Vr` n[aemo{YV g§ñH$aU
GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF CHHATTISGARH

Miscellaneous Publication No. 30 Part XXI, Third Revised Edition
C INDIA, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (2013)
*First Published 1977

*Second Edition 2006 (Revised)
* Reprint 2007
* Third Edition 2013 (Revised)
Manuscript compiled by
B. K. Mishra Superintending Geologist, SU : Chhattisgarh, Raipur
and
Officers of M-II B, Kolkata
Manuscript processed for printing by

Swagata Chaudhuri Director, Nirmal Dhar Superintending Geologist
and
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Under the supervision of

V. P. Sabale Deputy Director General, RMH-III
S. K. Sharma Director, PSS, SU : Maharashtra
and
P. Srivastva DIC, RMH-III
Under the overall guidance of

Eshwara
Deputy Director General
Geological Survey of India
Central Region
Published by
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Geological Survey of India
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2013
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(iii)
Foreword
The State of Chhattisgarh constitutes one of the most important geological milieu of the
Indian Shield, exposing rock sequence from Archaean to Recent over an area of 1,35,084 sq km.
Combination of cratons, mobile belts and supracrustal belts occupying a large part of the state has
provided conducive environment for hosting a large variety of mineral deposits. The Archaean
and the Proterozoic rocks are the storehouse for minerals experiencing almost all the
metallogenic epochs in geological history.
The Proterozoic rocks cover the central part of the state and most of the minerals like iron
ore, limestone, dolomite and recently discovered diamond-bearing kimberlite are associated with
these rocks. The north and northeastern parts are occupied by Gondwana sediments with good
deposits of power grade coal. The Deccan Traps spread over north and northwestern parts are
responsible for the huge bauxite deposits in the state. The state is endowed with world class iron
ore deposit having 18.67% of total Indian iron ore, coal resources with 17.32% of the total
deposits of Indian coal, 4.5% of national reserve of bauxite, 5.15% of limestone, 11.25% of
dolomite, and 28.6% of diamond of total Indian reserve. It is the sole tin producing state of the
country with 38% of Indian Tin ore. Precious and semiprecious corundum, alexandrite and
kornerupine, multicoloured dimension stones are also available in the state.
Immense and invaluable data on geological investigations, generated by GSI in the last 162
years have culminated in bringing out the first edition of Miscellaneous Publication, No. 30, on
Geology and Mineral Resources of Madhya Pradesh (undivided) in 1977 and the second revised
edition of Chhattisgarh in 2006. Since then, significant additional data on the geology and
mineral exploration have been generated based on the modern conceptual models warranting
revision in the tectono-stratigraphy of various mobile belts and sedimentary basins present in the
state. A vast analytical data of geochemical samples have also been generated through National
Geochemical Mapping programmes. Moreover, new mineral deposits and prognosticated target
areas for mineral exploration have also been identified such as diamond bearing kimberlitic pipe
rocks in Raipur district; copper, tin and iron ore in Kanker and Bastar districts; gold and bauxite in
Jashpur, Kanker, Bastar and Raipur districts and new coal reserves in Surguja and Raigarh
districts. The discovery of diamondiferous kimberlites had opened up new vista for future
exploration works for diamond in the adjoining states of Odisha and Jharkhand.
The third revised edition of Miscellaneous Publication, No. 30, Part XXI, entitled as
"Geology and Mineral Resources of Chhattisgarh" has been fulfilled into present volume which
has also a Geological and Mineral Map (1:2 M Scale) of the State. The upto date information on
the geology and mineral resources in this volume will help in planning future programmes in the
state and will facilitate accelerated industrial growth. The concept of equilibrium between
geological search, prospecting, exploration and utilization of mineral resources is our urge for the
accomplishment of sustainable coexistence between the mining, environment and human
resources in the state. It is hoped that this Publication will be immensely useful to various stake
holders especially the scientist engaged in the earth science studies.
Place - Kolkata A. Sundaramoorthy

Date - 05.03.2013 Director General
(iv)
Geology and Mineral Resources of Chhattisgarh
CONTENTS Page No.
àmŠH$WZ - FOREWORD iii - iv
I INTRODUCTION 1
General Information 1
Physiography 1
II GEOLOGY 3
II-1 ARCHAEAN 4
II-1.1 Bengpal (Sukma) Group 4
II-1.2A Bastar Gneisses 5
II-1.2B Baya Gneissic Complex 6
II-1.3 Granulite Belts 6
II-1.3A Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt 6
II-1.3B Kondagaon Granulite Belt 6
II-1.3C Konta Granulite Belt 7
II-2 ARCHAEAN- PALAEOPROTEROZOIC 7

II-2.1 Eastern Ghat Supergroup 7
II-2.2 Bailadila Group 7
II-2.3 Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex 8
II-2.4 Gneissic Complex of Bilaspur- Raigarh- Surguja (BRS) Belt 8
II-2.5 Unclassified Metamorphics of 9
Bilaspur-Raigarh - Ambikapur Region
II-3 PALAEOPROTEROZOIC 9
II-3.1 Sonakhan Belt 9
II-3.2 Nandgaon Group 11
II-3.3 Dongargarh and Equivalent Granites 12
II-3.3A Dongargarh Granite 12
II-3.3B Madanbera Granite 13
II-3.3C Kanker-Mainpur Granitoid 13
II-4 PALAEO - MESOPROTEROZOIC 13

II-4.1 Chilpi Group 13
II-4.2 Khairagarh Group 13
(v)
II-4.3 Abujhmar Group 14
II-4.4 Tulsi Dongar Group 14
II-4.5 Mafic Dyke Swarms 14
II-5 MESO - NEOPROTEROZOIC 15

II-5.1 Chhattisgarh Supergroup 15
II-5.1A Singhora Group 15
II-5.1B Chandarpur Group 17
II-5.1C Raipur Group 17
II-5.2 Pairi (Khariar) Group 18
II-5.3 Indravati Group 20
II-5.3A Intrusives 21
II-5.4 Sabri Group 22
II-6 NEOPROTEROZOIC 22
II-6.1 Pakhal Supergroup 22
II-7 UPPER CARBONIFEROUS - LOWER CRETACEOUS 22

II-7.1 Gondwana Supergroup 22
II-7.1A Late Carboniferous to Early Permian 23
II-7.1B Early Permian 23
II-7.1C Late Permian 23
II-7.1D Early Triassic 24
II-7.1E Late Middle Triassic 24
II-7.1F Jurassic 25
II-7.1G Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous 25
II-8 CRETACEOUS 25
II-8.1 Lameta Group 25
II-9 CRETACEOUS - PALAEOGENE 25

II-9.1 Deccan Trap and Associated Rocks 25
II-10 CAINOZOIC: PLEISTOCENE - RECENT 25

II-10.1 Laterite 25
II-10.2 Alluvial Deposits 25
III GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING 26
IV MINERAL RESOURCES 27
Alexandrite 27
Amazonite 27
(vi)
Andalusite 27
Arsenopyrite 27
Asbestos 29
Barites 29
Bauxite 29
Beryl 30
Building stones 30
Chromite 31
China clay/ Kaolin 31
Coal 32
Copper 39
Corundum 39
Diamond 39
Dolomite 40
Feldspar 41
Fire clay 41
Fluorite 41
Flux Grade Magnesian Rocks and PGE 42
Galena (Lead-Zinc ore) 42
Garnet 42
Gold 43
Graphite 45
Iron ore 45
Jade 46
Kyanite 46
Limestone 46
Manganese 48
Magnesite 48
Mica 48
Molybdenum 48
Nickel 48
Ochre 48
Phosphorite 49
Potash 49
Quartz 49
Radioactive minerals 49
Ruby 50
Scheelite 50
Sillimanite 50
Soapstone 50
Talc - Steatite 50
Thermal Springs 50
Tin 50
Slime beneficiation and pelletisation studies 51
IV REFERENCES 53
V LOCALITY INDEX 58
(vii)
LIST OF PLATES AND TABLES
PLATE - 1 : Geological and Mineral Map of Chhattisgarh
Table No. 1 : Generalised lithostratigraphy of Chhattisgarh 4
Table No. 2 : Litho association in the Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt 6
Table No. 3 : Lithostratigraphy of Bailadila Group 8
Table No. 4 : Lithostratigraphy of Sonakhan Belt 10
Table No. 5 : Lithostratigraphy of Nandgaon Group 11
Table No. 6 : Lithostratigraphy of Ainhur Group, Kotri Belt 12
Table No. 7 : Litho association in the Khairagarh Group 14
Table No. 8 : Lithostratigraphy of Chhattisgarh Basin 16
Table No. 9 : Stratigraphic Succession of the Pairi Group 19
Table No. 10 : Stratigraphic Classification of Indravati Basin 20
Table No. 11 : Correlation of Gondwana Strata in Son-Mahanadi Basin 23
Table No. 12 : Reserves/Resources of Minerals as on 1.4.2005 : Chhattisgarh 28
Table No. 13 : Mineral Production in Chhattisgarh, 2008-09 to 2009-10 (Excluding Atomic Minerals) 29
Table No. 14 : Inventory of Geological Resource of Chhattisgarh Coal 33
Table No. 15 : Grade-wise resource of noncoking coal in Gondwana Coalfields of Chhattisgarh 35
Table No. 16 : Areas of dolomite deposits in Chhattisgarh Basin of Bilaspur district 40
Table No. 17 : Mineral based industries of Chhattisgarh 52
(viii)

I. INTRODUCTION
General Information
Chhattisgarh, deriving its name from the thirty six Presently there are 27 districts in Chhattisgarh viz.
forts of pre-independence feudal states, has been carved Balrampur, Balod, Bastar, Baloda Bazar, Bemetara,
out of the erstwhile Madhya Pradesh in the year 2000. Bilaspur, Bijapur, Dantewara, Dhamtari, Durg,
Before Indian independence, present-day Chhattisgarh Gariyaband, Janjgir-Champa, Jashpur, Kabirdham,
state was divided between the Central Provinces and Kanker, Korba, Koriya, Kondagaon, Mahasamund,
Berar, a province of British India and a number of Mungeli, Narayanpur, Raigarh, Raipur, Rajnandgaon,
princely states in the north, south and east, which were Surguja, Surajpur and Sukma. Chhattisgarh with Raipur
part of the Eastern States Agency. as its capital covers an area of 135,084 sq. km bounded by
latitudes 17°46' and 24° 50' North and longitudes 80° 35'
The British province encompassed the central and 84°51' East. It is surrounded by the states of Madhya
portion of the state and was made up of three districts- Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Andhra
Raipur, Bilaspur and Durg, which made up the Pradesh and Maharashtra. The other important towns are
Chhattisgarh Division of the Central Provinces. Durg Bilaspur, Durg, Bhilai, Rajnandgaon, Raigarh, Dhamtari,
district was created in 1906 out of the eastern portion of Ambikapur, Korba and Jagdalpur. Chhattisgarh abounds
Raipur district. in natural resources including minerals, which have
contributed to establish a number of industries in the
The northern portion of the state, comprising present- state. Raipur, Bhilai and Korba are important industrial
day Koriya, Surajpur, Surguja, Jashpur and Raigarh towns. A good network of roads connects the major towns
districts, was divided among the six princely states of as well as the interior villages in the state. Howrah -
Chang Bhakar, Jashpur, Koriya, Surajpur, Raigarh, Mumbai (southeastern railway) and Bilaspur - Katni
Surguja and Udaipur. To the east, the states of Nandgaon, railway lines pass through the state joining the towns
Khairagarh, and Kawardha comprised parts of present- Raipur, Bilaspur, Durg and Bhilai with important towns
day Rajnandgaon and Kawardha districts. In the south, in adjacent states of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
the state of Kanker comprised the northern portion of Bilaspur is one of the important railway junctions.
present-day Kanker district, and the state of Bastar Anuppur-Bishrampur Chirimiri railway line gives access
included present-day Bastar and Dantewada districts and to the Surguja district and is useful for transport of coal
the southern part of Kanker district. from this area. Durg - Dalli - Rajhara railway line goes
upto the northern border of tribal dominated district of
After Indian Independence, the princely states were Kanker. Kirindul-Jagdalpur-Vizianagram (Andhra
merged with the Central Provinces and Berar to form the Pradesh) railway line is the only rail link to Bastar district
new state of Madhya Pradesh. Present-day Chhattisgarh in southern part of Chhattisgarh. Raipur is the only airport
comprised seven districts of Madhya Pradesh. The in the state having daily flights from Delhi.
former states of Kanker and Bastar formed the new
Bastar district, the states of Surguja, Korea, and Chang
Bhakar formed the new Surguja district and the states of Physiography
Nandgaon, Khairagarh and Kawardha formed the new
Rajnandgaon district. Chhattisgarh exhibits highly rugged and undulating
topography in the northern and southern parts. The
In 1998, the seven districts that make up the present- Chhattisgarh plain or basin occupying the central part of
day Chhattisgarh were reorganized to form 16 districts. the state is relatively flat. This is extensively cultivated
Dantewada and Kanker districts were split from Bastar; and is known as the 'rice bowl'. The Chhattisgarh plain is
Dhamtari district was split from Raipur; Janjgir-Champa surrounded by highly rugged country comprising linear
and Korba districts were split from Bilaspur; Jashpur hills and granite tors along its margins. Maikala hill range
district was split from Raigarh; Kawardha district was on its western margin separates it from the main Satpura
formed from parts of Bilaspur and Rajnandgaon; Koriya hill ranges. Khariar plateau is on the southeastern margin
and Surajpur districts were split from Surguja and of the Chhattisgarh plain. This rises to elevations of more
Mahasamund district was split from Raipur. than 900 m above the m.s.l. Keshkal - Amabera plateau,
1
GSI Misc. Pub. No. 30 Part- XXI
on the southern margin of the Chhattisgarh plain, forms number of rivers originating from this and flowing
the northern part of the Dandakaranya plateau in Bastar towards north and south.
district. North-South trending Bailadila hill range forms
the most prominent feature in Bastar district and has the Mahanadi River, one of the country's important
highest elevation i.e.1296 m above the m.s.l. in the state. rivers, forms the major drainage in the central part of the
The southern marginal parts of the state demonstrate the state. It originates in the Sihawa hills in the south at the
characteristics of peneplained country with low ridges border of Raipur and Kanker districts. Shivnath, Pairi,
rising up to the elevations of 100 m above m.s.l. Raigarh- Arpa, Lilagarh, Jonk, Hasdo, Ib and Mand rivers are its
Surguja plateau occupies the northern part of the state in important tributaries. The drainage in southern part of the
Korba, Koriya, Surguja, Jashpur and Raigarh districts. state belongs to the Indravati river basin. Indravati River
This region is highly dissected and is having a number of flows from east to west and then takes an abrupt turn
prominent hills and tablelands (locally known as pats) towards south near the border of Chhattisgarh and
rising to elevations more than 1,000 m above the m.s.l. Maharashtra, and joins the Godavari River. Kotri,
The most prominent amongst them are Mainpat, Narangi, Bhavardig and Markandi are its important
Pandrapat and Jamirapat. These are known for their tributaries. Sabri River flowing southerly near the border
pleasant climate during the summer. Raigarh-Surguja of Odisha and Chhattisgarh, forms part of the Godavari
plateau forms a prominent watershed region with a drainage.
2
II. GEOLOGY
Introduction
The State of Chhattisgarh constitutes one of the dyke swarms conspicuously occupy Bhanupratapur -
important geological terrains of the Indian shield Keshkal, Narayanpur - Kondagaon, Bijapur - Sukma and
exposing rock sequences from Archaean to Recent. A Geedam - Tongpal areas.
crustal scale Central Indian Shear zone (CIS) trending E-
W and passing through the central part, subdivides the Volcano - sedimentary sequences of the Khairagarh
state into two distinct geological provinces viz., the and Abujhmar groups and sediments of Chilpi Group
southern Bastar Province and the northern Satpura belonging to Palaeo – Mesoproterozoic unconformably
Province. overlie the older sequences and granite in the Maikala
range and Abujhmar plateau region. Pakhal Supergroup
The Bastar Craton preserves one of the oldest crustal belonging to Mesoproterozoic occupies the Godavari
blocks in the Indian peninsular shield. It is confined valley region in the southwestern part of the state
between the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt (EGMB) on the bordering Andhra Pradesh. Meso-neoproterozoic plat-
east and the Godavari graben on the west. The oldest formal cover sequence of the Chhattisgarh Supergroup
rocks of the Bastar Craton are the Archaean gneissic occupies the Chhattisgarh plains. The cover sediments of
Complex (Bengpal and Sukma groups) which is overlain Indravati, Sabri and Pairi groups, which are equivalents
by the rocks of Bailadila Group followed by the bimodal of Chhattisgarh Group, occupy Jagdalpur plateau, Sabri
volcanics of Kotri Supergroup and Sonakhan Group basin and Khariar highlands respectively. Laterite with
including Dongargarh and Bundeli granitoids and by pockets of bauxite forms capping at a number of places
sediments and volcanics of Abujhmar Group (Lower- over these rocks in Keshkal -Amabera area.
Middle Proterozoic). This is followed by the platformal
sediments of Chhattisgarh group of basins including The Satpura province is confined to the north of the
Indravati and Sabri basins. The western boundary of the CIS and is devoid of the volcano-sedimentary sequences
Bastar Craton is covered by the rocks of Sausar and as observed in the Bastar Province. The oldest rocks
Sakoli groups. On the north of Bastar Craton, beyond the belonging to Archaean to Paleoproterozoic include
Mahanadi graben, lies the Raigarh fold belt and EGMB granitic gneisses and enclaves of meta-sedimentary/
on the north and the east respectively. This tectonic meta-igneous rocks confined to the southern part of the
scenario is very much important in regional province in the Raigarh-Bilaspur belt. Gneisses and
prognostication for diamond and kimberlites in the granitoids exposed to the east of Mahanadi basin are
Bastar Craton. included within Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex of the
Archaean (?) - Palaeoproterozoic. Inliers of gneisses and
The Bastar Province constitutes the cratonic nuclei granitoids also occur within the coal-bearing Gondwana
comprising Archaean Gneissic Complex with tectonic basins. Precambrian cover sequences, as present in Bastar
slivers of older Sukma supracrustals and flanked by Province are absent in this province, but the Gondwana
Kondagaon and Bhopalpatnam granulite belts in the sequence is well developed. Gondwana sequence
northeast and southwest respectively. In the central part of belonging to Upper Carboniferous - Lower Cretaceous
the gneissic complex, Bailadila Group representing Neo- age is confined in the two basins NW-SE trending
Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic greenstone belt, occupies Mahanadi Basin and ENE-WSW trending South Rewa
linear north-south trending ridges in Bastar, Kanker and Basin. The two basins merge in Surguja area north of
Durg districts. Palaeoproterozoic volcanic rocks of Baikunthpur. Lameta Group is exposed in the
Nandgaon Group extend in north-south over a length of Amarkantak plateau region, southeastern and eastern
around 250 km and width of 50 - 60 km in the western part parts of Surguja District (Ambikapur). Remnants of
of the state bordering Maharashtra between Chilpi ghats Deccan Trap occur in the plateaus in the western and
in the north to the fringes of Abujhmar in the south. The northeastern parts of Bilaspur District and in southeastern
volcano-sedimentary sequence in the eastern part in and eastern parts of Surguja District. Basic dykes of
Raipur and Mahasamund districts is included in the Deccan Trap affinity intrude the Gondwanas. Laterite
Palaeoproterozoic Sonakhan Group. The Nandgaon with bauxite pockets occurs in Jamirapat and Mainpat in
volcanic belt is intruded by batholithic Dongargarh Surguja District, Pandrapat plateau in Jashpur District
Granite. The Dongargarh Granite and its equivalent and Phutka Pahar of Korba District. Quaternary alluvium
granites in Madanbera and Kanker-Mainpur areas occupy is confined to major river valleys. The generalized
major portion of south - central part of the state. Mafic lithostratigraphic sequence is given in Table - 1.
3
Table - 1. Generalised lithostratigraphy of Chhattisgarh
Recent- Holocene Alluvium

Cainozoic
Mid-Pliocene Laterite, Bauxite
Upper Cretaceous- Deccan Trap

Mesozoic Palaeogene
Upper Cretaceous Lameta Group
Lower Cretaceous
Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Gondwana Supergroup
Upper Carboniferous
Neoproterozoic Pakhal Supergroup

Kimberlite
Meso- Neo- Chhattisgarh Supergroup, Indravati
Proterozoic Group, Sabri Group,
Pairi (Khariar) Group
Proterozoic
Palaeo - Khairagarh Group, Abujhmar Group,
Mesoproterozoic Tulsi Dongar Group, Chilpi Group
Dongargarh Granite,
Palaeoproterozoic
Nandgaon Group, Sonakhan Group
Unclassified metamorphites and granites

of Bilaspur Raigarh-Surguja (BRS) Belt,
Gneisses of BRS Belt
Archaean-Palaeoproterozic
Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex
Bailadila Group,
Eastern Ghat Supergroup
Konta Granulite,
Kondagaon Granulite and Charnockite,
Bhopalpatnam Granulite
Archaean
Unclassified Bastar Gneisses,
Baya Gneisses etc.
Bengpal (Sukma) Group,
II- 1 ARCHAEAN II-1. 1 Bengpal (Sukma) Group
Pioneering work in Bastar Province includes those of In Bastar-Kanker-Rajnandgaon sector, metasedi-

Bose 1898-99, 1899-1900, Ball (1877), King (1881), mentary and meta igneous rocks occurring as enclaves
Walker (1900), Crookshank (1938,1963), Ghosh, (1941). within granite gneiss and showing almandine-
Bose, (CF Griesbach 1899, 1900) described the Bastar amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism have been
Supracrustals under the "Transition Series" and included in the Bengpal (Sukma) Group. These
correlated them with the Dharwar System. Crookshank Precambrian rocks in the southern part of Bastar were
(1963) presented a geological succession based on his sub-divided into Sukma, Bengpal and Iron Ore Series by
work and that of Ghosh (1932-38) for the Precambrians Crookshank (1963). The Sukma and Bengpal Series as
of southern part of Bastar Province and divided them into designated by Crookshank were differentiated based on
Sukma, Bengpal and Iron Ore Series. Ghosh (1941) occurrence of diopsidic and calc-silicate rocks in the
reported the presence of metasedimentary and meta Sukma and that of basic lava and tuff in Bengpals. The
igneous lithologies occurring as granulitic enclaves metamorphic grade in the Bengpal Series was shown to
within migmatitic and granitic gneisses. The granulite be lower than that in Sukma Series. Ghosh (1932-38),
facies rocks could clearly be delineated to form separate however, differed from Crookshank's proposition by
belts in southern Bastar including the Bhopalpatnam, recognizing a composite Bengpal Group (including
Kondagaon and Konta Granulite Belt. lithologies of both Sukma and Bengpal Series). The
4
differences between the two groups were attributed due WNW-ESE trend of the Bengpal-Chandenar-
to facies variation and different depth of burial. The later Tulsidongar Mobile Belt (BCTMB).
workers included the metamorphites of Bastar district
into Bengpal Group including lithologies of Sukma and Quartzite occurs as bands extending for several kms
Bengpal Series of Crookshank (1963), Chatterjee (1970), along the strike in the southern parts of Dantewara
Ramakrishnan (1990) and Mishra et al. (1988). district. These are inter-banded with other metasediments
Ramakrishnan (1990), however, reverted back to the and show gradational contact with BIF and calc-silicates.
distinction between Sukma and Bengpal on the basis of Diopside quartzites/calc-gneiss commonly contains
reported unconformity between the two. Ramchandra et minor amounts of graphite. Sillimanite and green micas
al. (2001) generally endorsed the stratigraphic scheme of are commonly noticed within quartzite. Sillimanite
Ramakrishnan (1990) and regarded the Bengpal occurs as clusters at places.
sequence of Chandner-Tulsidongar Belt as a mobile belt.
BMQ (essentially magnetite quartzite) occurs as
Bengpal Group comprises calc-gneiss, pyroxene bands extending for several kms and shows impersistent
quartzite (with specks of graphite at places), cordierite quartz-magnetite banding on mm to cm scale. It shows
schist and gneisses, metapelite (schist of various following mineral assemblage: Quartz-magnetite-garnet-
compositions including andalusite schist), quartzite, pyrrhotite; Quartz-magnetite-diopside-hornblende-
banded-magnetite quartzite (with or without grunerite), chlorite-garnet and Quartz-magnetite cummingtonite/
metabasites, amphibolite and hornblende schist. These grunerite-hornblende.
supracrustals occur on mappable scale in Bastar,
Dantewara and Kanker districts of Chhattisgarh and are Calc-silicate bands are dominant in the southern part
well exposed in the following areas: of Dantewara district and grade into para-amphibolite
and calc-gneisses. These occur closely interbanded with
a. Sukma-Kerlapal-Chintalnar; Nainiras-Gariapal; BMQ and quartzite and show characteristic ribbed
Aranpur and Ganglur west of Bailadila hills in weathering. Calc-gneisses show bands of quartzo-
Dantewara district. feldspathic composition alternating with calc-silicate
minerals.
b. Barsur, Bastar district.
c. Kapsi-Pakhanjur and Bahmni, Kanker district Amphibolite and meta ultramafites occur as small
lenses/bands within the migmatitic gneiss and as larger
d. Mainpur-Nagri, Raipur district. mappable bands in Sukma area. They show a mineral
assemblage of quartz-plagioclase-k-feldspar-
Apart from the above, enclaves of supracrustals hornblende-garnet-opaque-apatite. Metaultramafics are
occur within gneisses as lenses and bands in the southern highly retrograded and show an assemblage of
part of Bastar in Konta Belt. serpentinite-talc-actinolite-tremolite-chlorite-calcite-
opaque.
Due to polyphase deformation and metamorphism,
and effects of younger tectonic events the II- 1. 2A Bastar Gneisses
lithostratigraphic succession of the supracrustals is not
clear. The following features are observed in Bastar and High-grade gneiss-supracrustal assemblage
Dantewara districts. belonging to the Archaean forms the oldest rock sequence
in Bastar Province. This is the most predominant litho-
1. The rocks show E-W trend with vertical to steep unit in the Dantewara-Bastar-Kanker-Rajnandgaon
dips and grade into granulite facies metamorphic sector in southern part of Chhattisgarh. Similar litho-
assemblages. Further south, they are truncated assemblage is noticed on the southern fringes of the
by the NE-SW trend of the younger Konta Sonakhan Belt in Raipur and Mahasamund districts,
Mobile Belt. where it is referred as Baya Gneisses (Das, et al. 1990).
Gneiss migmatite mainly include banded gneiss,
2. In the western part, these supracrustals grade into stromatic gneisses and leucocratic gneisses, which
Bhopalpatnam Granulite facies mobile belt and contain meta sedimentary, meta igneous and tonalite-
show superposed NW-SE structural trends. trondhjemite gneiss (TTG) restites. The gneiss is
3. In the north, these supracrustals show mega- commonly grey in colour, medium to fine grained and
scale refolding along N-S trending axial planes crudely banded with parallel oriented streaks of biotite
due to the younger Bailadila orogeny. and rare amphiboles. Bands are rich in quartz, feldspar
and biotite. The abundance of biotite in the vicinity of
4. In the east, these supracrustals trend N-S to meta sedimentary enclaves in the gneiss suggests that it is
NNW-SSE and are cut by the younger NW- SE to not an original constituent of the granitic gneiss but
5
represents assimilated material from the surrounding II- I.3A Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt
rocks (Crookshank, 1963). BMQ, hornblende-schist,
pyroxene-gneiss and quartzite occurring as thin The Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt along the
unmappable bands scattered over wide area in southwestern edge of the Bastar Craton and the
Malkangiri Valley, west of Sukma, within biotite gneiss northeastern shoulder of the Godavari graben(Ghosh,
indicate that these gneisses are of hybrid nature and are 1941), is about 300 km long and 20-40 km wide and
product of remobilization of the basement gneisses. trends NW-SE. Meta sedimentary and meta igneous
These gneisses have been referred as Bijapur Gneisses rocks occur as enclaves within migmatitic and granitic
(Mishra et al., 1988) and Bengpal Gneisses (Bhandara gneisses. The carbonate rocks played a major role in the
District Resource Map). TTG occurs as restites within the granulite facies metamorphism and gradation is noted
Bastar Gneissic Complex. In most places, tonalite- between the calcareous facies BIF and calc-silicate rocks.
trondhjemites have been involved in later anatexis The lithological association in the Bhopalpatnam Belt
yielding melts of granite-granodiorite composition. The shows similarities with that of the Sukma Group. Gneiss-
TTG suite from Sukma Group in southern part of Bastar supracrustals have been metamorphosed to granulite
district has given the oldest date of 3.6 Ga. (Sarkar, et al. facies conditions within this belt accompanied by
1994). juvenile magmatic input. The litho-association in the
Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt is given in Table - 2
(Mishra, et al. 1988).
II-1.2B Baya Gneissic Complex
II-1.3B Kondagaon Granulite Belt
The gneisses occurring at the southern margin of
Sonakhan Belt in Raipur and Mahasamund have been The Kondagaon Granulite Belt is about 70 km long
included in the Baya Gneissic Complex (Das, et al. N-S trending belt occupying the area east of Kondagaon
1990). These rocks occupy only a small area to be shown in Bastar district. Sukma Gneiss-Supracrustals occur as
on the present scale of the map. Younger intrusive granite enclaves affected by granulite facies metamorphism
belonging to the Dongargarh suite isolates the Baya within this belt.
Gneissic complex of Sonakhan Belt from the gneissic
complex of Bastar. Meta sedimentary, meta igneous The litho-association in this belt is similar to that of
sequence belonging to the Archaean occurs as enclaves Bhopalpatnam Belt. Charnockite, charnockitic enderbitic
within the Baya Gneissic Complex and has been included gneiss, leptynite, leptites, two-pyroxene granulite and
in the Tonidongar Group (equated with Bengpal Group). leptynitic rocks dominate the western part of the belt.
This consists of quartz-mica schist, sillimanite (fibrolite) Pink granite occurs in northern part. Grey and pink potash
quartzite, banded magnetite quartzite, amphibolite and granites, diorites, garnet-bearing grey greasy granites and
meta ultramafites. The gneissic complex includes rare anorthositic bands also occur. Acid charnockite
tonalitic gneiss, granodiorite gneiss, granite and occurs in the eastern part with meta-sedimentary enclaves
migmatite. including BIF, quartzite, mica schists, cordierite-
sillimanite quartzite, and garnet bearing Mg-Al meta
pelites. Calc-gneisses occur as patches and lenses in the
II-1. 3 Granulite Belts leptynites in the central and southeastern part, exhibiting
transitional contact with leptynites and migmatites.
The granulite belts present within the Bastar
Province are classified into (1) Bhopalpatnam and Older The western and northern contacts of the Kondagaon
Kondagaon Belts (2) Younger Konta Belt based on their Belt are marked by shear zones with intrusion of coarse
lithological association, deformational history and age porphyritic granite that continues to carry enclaves of
correlation. granulite facies rocks even tens of kilometers away from
Table - 2. Litho-association in the Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt
Younger granites
Two-pyroxene granulite.
Olivine-spinel-opx bearing ultramafics,
Charnockite, Charnockitic gneiss, Enderbites etc,
Quartzite, Calc-silicate, Al- and Mg-Al metapelite, BIF
Gneiss-migmatites including banded gneiss, stromatic gneiss and leucocratic
gneiss containing metaigneous and metasedimentary restites.
6
the contact. The eastern margin of the belt is bordered by BIF is exposed in the following four belts.
younger granite associated with pillowed meta basalt
(Amravati Basalt) (Mishra, et al. 1988). This granitoid i. Bailadila Belt (mainly Dantewara district)
separates the Kondagaon Belt from Eastern Ghat Mobile
Belt. ii. Rowghat- Mademnar Chhotadongar Belt
extending for more than 100 km in detached
II-1.3C Konta Granulite Belt belts along N-S with varying width from 3-8 km
(Bastar, Kanker districts).
The NW-SE trending Bhopalpatnam Belt is
truncated at its southeastern extremity by dominantly iii. H a h a l a d d i - D a l l i - R a j h a r a e x t e n d i n g
NE-SW to E-W trending structures, particularly in the discontinuously for more than 120 km with
southern part of Dantewara district. The earlier structures width up to 5 km along north- south (Kanker,
have been affected by later deformation and rotated into Balod districts).
NE-SW trend. Sukma Gneisses Supracrustals show
tectonic contact (marked by shear zones) with granulite iv. Northeastern tip of curvilinear WNW-ESE to
facies rocks of this belt (including opx- bearing BIF, ENE-WSW trending Surjagarh Belt is exposed
metapelites, two-pyroxene granulite rocks, charnockites, in western part of Kanker district.
enderbites etc.). In the Banda-Maita and Konta areas in
southern part of this belt the foliation in the granulite Bailadila Group mainly comprises quartzite,
facies rocks trends NE-SW to ENE-WSW. The granulite polymictic conglomerate, ferruginous shale / phyllite and
facies rocks are spatially associated with ultramafic tuff, banded haematite quartzite, chlorite schist and
complexes and alkaline suite of rocks. pillowed meta basalt (greenstone). Similar sequence is
noted in isolated sectors in western part of Bastar district.
The set up in the granulite belts, especially in the The lithostratigraphic succession in different sectors is
Konta area is identical with that noted in the Eastern Ghat given in Table - 3.
Mobile Belt (EGMB) exposed to the southeast.
In Bailadila area the rocks show N-S to NNE-SSW
strike with dips varying from 30° to 70° eitherway and
effects of two phases of deformation resulting in
II-2 ARCHAEAN- PALAEOPROTEROZOIC culmination and depression. The first phase resulted in to
N-S to NNE-SSW trending upright anticlines and
II -2.1 Eastern Ghat Supergroup synclines and the second phase of folding resulted into
folds with ENE-WSW axial traces.
The granulite belt exposed in Deobhog of Raipur
district forms extension of Eastern Ghat Supergroup and In Rowghat area, the regional scale 'M' shaped
comprises charnockitic gneiss, pyroxene - gneiss, outcrop pattern is due to F1 fold plunging 20° to 25°
khondalite, granitoid, gabbro, metavolcanics and towards SW. The major folds are represented by Salebhat
metapelites. anticline in the central part with corresponding Anjree
and Huratarai synclines towards east and west
respectively.
II-2.2 Bailadila Group
Bailadila Group shows greenschist facies of
Banded Iron Formation (BIF) occurs as narrow (a metamorphism. At their contact with intrusive granites
few km wide and more than 100 km long), generally N-S minerals like orthopyroxene and riebeckite are noted in
trending belts in the Bastar-Kanker-Durg districts. This is Malenger Valley. The grade of metamorphism decreases
well exposed in Bailadila area in Dantewara district and in the northern parts and in Dalli- Rajhara area. Shales
was the earliest to be studied for its large deposits of iron associated with BIF show little effects of metamorphism.
ores. BIF belts have also been noted around Rowghat,
Surajgarh, Gatta-Koti and Hahaladdi- Dalli-Rajhara. All The BIF- basic volcanic association of Algoma type
these belts show unconformable or tectonic contact with suggests their Late Archaean/Palaeoproterozoic
the older Sukma Gneiss-Supracrustals. These are derivation.
characterised by polyphase deformation and green
schist-lower amphibolite facies of metamorphism. The The post Bailadila granites can be correlated with the
younger sediments belonging to Abujhmar Group occur Dongargarh Granite (2500-2600 Ma). These are
as cover over BIF belts. The post-Bailadila granites can leucocratic, coarse to fine grained and consist of quartz,
be correlated with the Dongargarh Granite of Late - microcline, perthite, sodic plagioclase and myrmekite
Archaean-Palaeoproterozoic age. with minor biotite.
7
Table - 3. Lithostratigraphy of Bailadila Group (Bose, 1899-1900)
Bailadila range South Bastar North Bastar (Kanker- Durg district)
Bacheli Greenstone Chlorite schist Meta-ultrmalite

Quartz arenite Phyllite/ talc-tremolite schist Banded Iron Formation
Jhirka Iron Formation Conglomerate
Ferruginous shale
Meta-gabbro Meta-volcanics
Altered ultramafics Meta-ultramafite
Conglomerate Quartzite Quartz arenite
Quartz sericite schist Ferruginous shale
Balumeta Iron Formation BHQ Banded hematite quartzite
Sericite quartzite grit Meta-conglomerate
Ferruginous shale, phyllite
Scist (meta tuff)
Cherty dolomite
Iron formation
II-2.3 Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex II-2.4 Gneissic Complex of Bilaspur-Raigarh-

Surguja (BRS) Belt
Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex comprises granitic
rocks, extending in east-west direction from the northern Gneiss-supracrustal association occurs bordering the
part of Chhattisgarh in Bilaspur, Korba, Surguja, Chilpi and Chhattisgarh groups in the Bilaspur-Raigarh
Raigarh, Jashpurnagar districts to Jharkhand and West area and along the fringes of Gondwanas in Bilaspur,
Bengal. It forms floor of the coalfields, and regarded as Raigarh and Surguja districts of Chhattisgarh. The belt
the rock barrier separating the northern and southern sea comprises high-grade gneiss, supracrustals and a
during the Vindhyan times. The granitic gneiss is well sequence of low- to medium-grade meta sedimentary
foliated and contains enclaves of schistose rocks. Every rocks with or without metabasics. Ultramafic (often
gradation from wide band of schist hinging off from the serpentinized) and basic and anorthositic intrusives occur
main outcrop into the granite, through injection gneiss to within the tonalite-granodiorite suite of rocks.
typical migmatites is observed. Granitoids are medium
grained and non- porphyritic to porphyritic in nature with Along the northern fringes of the Chhattisgarh
large crystals of potash bearing sillimanite. Enclaves of Basin, more than 100 km long nearly E-W trending
meta-ultramafites and hornblende schist are abundant. mylonite zone has been traced forming part of CIS. A
These gneisses were originally named as the mylonite zone extending for more than 100 km along
'Fundamental Gneiss' as equivalent of Peninsular Gneiss WNW-ESE has also been noticed south of Lakshmanpur
o f A r c h a e a n a g e . H o w e v e r, t h e a v a i l a b l e in the southern part of the Surguja district. Apart from
geochronological data from these rocks do not the above, several mylonite zones are noted within the
corroborate their Archaean age. BRS belt including Tan shear (Jain et al., 1995) forming
eastern extension of Gavilgarh lineament. Presence of
In Balarampur sector of toposheet No. 64M/10 two-pyroxene granulite within the gneiss from different
(23030'00'' to 23040'00'' : 83000'00'' to 83045'00'') has parts of the belt, as small enclaves, has been reported by
revealed that the basement gneiss is characterized by Narayanamurthy and Radhakrishna (1961); Dutta and
tonalite-granodiorite gneiss with supracrustal sequence Dutta (1990); Jain et al. (1995). Cordierite- bearing
of quartzite ( Kumar, V. V., et al. 2010-12). These are gneisses have also been reported from Baneya,
emplaced by two phases of granite. Three phases of Thekatanagar and Kerju area in Raigarh and Surguja
folding were observed and shear bands are observed districts by Chandra and Das, (1984), Sahu et al. (2003).
parallel to S0, S1 and S2 graphite-mica schist and calc-
silicate rocks. Scheelite mineralisation was observed in Younger granitoids with or without mafic
NE-SW trending zone with calc-silicate rocks as the host enclaves/xenoliths occur in Bilaspur- Korba-Raigarh
rock. area. Alkaline (syenitic) and lamprophyre dykes occur in
8
eastern part of the BRS belt in Surguja and Jashpurnagar Surguja district. A prominent fault zone marks the
districts. northern boundary of Bisrampur Coalfield and extends
westward in Sohagpur Coalfield and eastward in Koriya
II-2.5 Unclassified Metamorphics of Bilaspur- district within the gneissic country. The width of the fault
Raigarh-Ambikapur Region zone is about 200m, marked by intense shearing and
brecciation. In Sohagpur Coalfield, this fault is referred
Gneiss-supracrustal belt occurs bordering the Chilpi as Chilpi-Bamni fault. Emplacement of dolerite dykes
Group and Chhattisgarh Supergroup in the Bilaspur- and sill are recorded along it. The throw of the fault,
Raigarh area at the fringes of Gondwana basin in though not precisely determined, is likely to be over 400
Bilaspur, Raigarh and Surguja districts of Chhattisgarh. m. (Raja Rao, 1983).
Rao (1981) equated the supracrustals with the Sausar
metasediments of the Manganese Belt of Balaghat In Lakhanpur Coalfield, the gneiss and mica schist
district in southeastern Madhya Pradesh. Thorat et al. are well exposed in the eastern and southeastern margins.
(1990) have correlated the metasedimentary sequence in Quartzites form a prominent elongated ridge of low relief
Bilaspur with the Sausar Group which includes slate, along the northern boundary between Pondih and
phyllite and mica schist with or without garnet, staurolite, Amgaon.
anthophyllite, marble, chert and banded magnetite
quartzite occurring as enclaves within migmatitic and In Tatapani-Ramkola Coalfield, the inliers
porphyroblastic gneiss. Garnet and sillimanite bearing comprising granite, gneiss, migmatite, amphibolite, mica
schists also occur as enclaves within gneisses in Bilaspur. schist and quartzite are exposed in north and south.
Sahu et al. (2003) have discussed the geology of western Granite and gneisses are exposed near Tatapani and south
part of Bilaspur-Raigarh Belt (BRB). Lithological of Sendur. Outcrops of mica-schists are recorded around
assemblage demonstrates a low grade terrain (green Khairar and Mitgain in the northeast and near Gomharhia
schist facies) in the south and a medium grade terrain in the north. Amphibolites are exposed in the southwest
(amphibolite facies) in the north separated by a wide of Khurri.
mylonite zone. The medium grade assemblage has been
equated with the Sausar Group. However, Bhattacharyya In Jhilimili Coalfield, the Precambrian rocks consist
and Bhattacharyya (2003) considered BRB as an of gneiss, granite and schist which are intruded by quartz
ensemble of Precambrian supracrustal granite, gneiss and veins. The gneisses occur over a wide area of the
granulite with tectonic contacts and classified these rocks Precambrian terrain lying to the east of the coalfield.
as northern supracrustal, central supracrustal and Granites occur over a large area to the north of Tarka and
southern supracrustal. Pasla villages.
Inliers of granite and supracrustals within the In Sonahat Coalfield, the Precambrian rocks show up
Gondwana Basin from beneath the Talchir rocks in the area south of the
Churcha block.
Numerous inliers of granitic rocks are present within
the Gondwana Basin of Mahanadi Valley in Bilaspur, In Sohagpur Coalfield, the Precambrian basement
Korba, Surguja and Koriya districts. Fermor (as quoted in rocks are not exposed in the vicinity of the coalfield.
Pascoe 1973) considered these crystalline rocks as Inliers of these rocks are noted within the Talchir
extension of the crystalline core of the Satpura range. In Formation south of the Son River and also in the Hasdo
majority of the places, the Gondwana rocks have faulted River section east of Manendragarh. The predominant
contact with these granitic rocks and the faults normally rock type is pink porphyritic gneiss. Aplite and pegmatite
extend in ENE-WSW direction parallel to the regional bodies traverse the gneisses.
trend.
In the Korba Coalfield, inliers of gneiss, schist, II-3 PALAEOPROTEROZOIC

amphibolite and quartzite are recorded along the northern
and southern boundaries of the coalfield near Sangurha, II-3.1 Sonakhan Belt
Dhaurabhata and Bharbamura.
The Sonakhan Belt covers an area of about 1200
In the Bisrampur Coalfield, granite and gneiss occur sq.km extending in NNW-SSE direction for about 40 km
along the western and northern boundaries of the from Sonakhan in the north to Remra (21°17'N: 82°46'E)
coalfield and also along eastern and southwestern in the south having maximum width of 40 km in the
boundaries. The metamorphites comprising slate, central part. The belt exposes volcano-sedimentary
quartzite and amphibolite crop out mostly along the sequence belonging to Sonakhan Group, basic and acid
eastern periphery of the coalfield near Chotka Dhariha in igneous suite belonging to Bilari Group and younger
9
intrusive granitoids and basic dykes. The Sonakhan Sonakhan Group includes the basal sequence
Group shows unconformable /tectonic contact with older comprising two formations viz. Baghmara and Arjuni.
gneiss-supracrustals Baya Gneissic Complex in the Baghmara Formation mainly consists of meta-
western and southern parts and is in turn unconformably ultramafites, schists and massive metabasalt
overlain by the Chhattisgarh Supergroup in the north and (occasionally pillowed), meta-gabbro, pyroclastics of
eastern parts. In the southwestern and southern part of intermediate to basic composition, ignimbrite, rhyolite,
Sonakhan Belt, intrusive granite occurs at the contact of acid tuff, pebbly tremolite-actinolite schist, and
Sonakhan Group and Baya Gneissic Complex. carbonaceous argillite and ferruginous sulphide - bearing
chert. Meta-ultramafites are confined to the western and
King (1899) first described the Sonakhan Belt in the eastern part of the belt and comprise magnetite -
southeastern parts of Raipur District. He correlated the bearing talc schist, talc-tremolite schist, tremolite-
rocks of this belt with those of the Chilpi Group and actinolite schist and meta-pyroxenite. A thin lensoid
Sakoli Series. Pascoe (1973) correlated the Sonakhan polymictic conglomerate to pebbly schist body occurs
Group with the Dharwars based on lithological similarity within the meta-ultramafite near Bamnidih. It is about 6
and presence of gold mineralization. However, on the km in length and with a thickness of 50 m to 200 m.
basis of litho-associations and tectonic setting, the Amygdular structures are common in the meta basalt.
Sonakhan Group has been correlated with the Presence of pillows indicates that the basalts are mostly
Palaeoproterozoic Nandgaon Group. of subaqueous origin. Pyroclastic rocks of intermediate to
basic composition occur as patches and pockets.
Stratigraphy
The volcanic suite of Baghmara Formation is
The lithostratigraphic succession of the Sonakhan overlain by a thick sedimentary pile, which is
Belt (Das et.al., 1990) is given in the Table-4, which was interspersed with minor volcanic bands. The sillimanite-
also followed by Ashiya and Manoj Kumar (1992). conglomerate arenite-argillite suite represents the
Table - 4. Lithostratigraphy of the Sonakhan Belt (Das et al. 1990)
Chhattisgarh Supergroup Conglomerate, Grit, Arenite

------------------------------------------------------------------- Unconformity ---- --------------------------------------------------------------
Quartz Vein
Basic Dykes Dolerite, Gabbro
----------------------------------------------------------------- Intrusive Contact -----------------------------------------------------------------
Granitoids Pegmatite, Aplite, Granophyre,
Biotite and porphyritic granite
Gabbro-Ultramafite Intrusive
Bilari Group Lakhdabri Acid Igneous Suite
Arangi Basic Igneous Suite
------------------------------------------------------------------ Disconformity ---- --------------------------------------------------------------
Metamorphosed polymictic Conglomerate,
Arjuni Formation Graywacke, Argillite, B.H.J, Arenite
with thin bands of basic volcanics.
Sonakhan Group
Metaultramafite, pebbly tremolite-
Baghmara Formation actinolite schist, amphibolite, metabasalt,
pillowed metabasalt, pyroclastics, acid
volcanics and tuffs, BIF, Chert, etc.
------------------------------------------------------------------ Unconformity ---- --------------------------------------------------------------
Tonalitic and granodioritic gneisses,
Baya Gneissic Complex Gneisses migmatites and granites with restites of
BMQ, metaultramafite, mica schist, fibrolite
quartzite, etc.
10
sedimentary pile. This lithological unit is exposed mainly SiO2 and Nb/Y vs Zr/TiO2 plots, metabasalt ranges in
in the western part of the schist belt and has been composition from andesite to rhyodacite-dacite.
designated as Arjuni Formation. This formation has Ultramafite and gabbro form younger intrusives.
major polymictic conglomerate at the base known as the Medium to coarse-grained granite with porphyritic
Jonk Conglomerate. The conglomerate demonstrates variants occurs as intrusive within the Sonakhan Belt
bimodality with matrix having meta arkosic and occupying large area having batholithic nature and also as
chlorite/biotite rich greywacke composition. The stocks and bosses fringing the Sonakhan Belt.
pebbles, cobbles and boulders are of heterogeneous
composition, variable in shape and show high degree of Two phases of deformation have been recorded in
roundness and sphericity and are mainly of granite, Sonakhan Belt. The early folds (F1) are isoclinal and
gneiss, and acid volcanic rocks, porphyries, show steep dipping NNW-SSE trending axial surface.
amphibolites, metabasalt, quartzite, vein quartz, BIF, The folds in most cases plunge at moderate to high angles
jasper, phyllite and schist. Jonk Conglomerate shows towards north, north-west and south. The F2 folding has
gradation towards east with the overlying meta-argillite- produced broad open flexures with NE-SW axial planes,
arenite, graywacke sequence interbedded with banded and has resulted into culminations and depressions due to
ferruginous quartzite. interference of fold patterns. Most of the large-scale folds
developed in the region are synformal.
The volcano-sedimentary sequences of the Sonakhan
Group have been affected by low-grade green schist II-3.2 Nandgaon Group
facies metamorphism.
The Bilari Group overlying the Sonakhan Group Rajnandgaon-Dongargarh area in the western part of
occupies the eastern part of the belt. It is essentially Chhattisgarh exposes a sequence of volcanics and low-
composed of undeformed metamorphosed basic and acid grade metasedimentary rocks of Late Palaeoproterozoic
extrusives and intrusives. It comprises Arangi Formation age, which are included in the Nandgaon Group of the
(basic igneous suite) and Lakhdabri Formation (acid Dongargarh Supergroup, which comprises the
igneous suite). Majority of samples of acid volcanics falls Nandgaon, Khairagarh and Chilpi groups (Sarkar, 1957).
in rhyolite field (Mishra, et al. 2012). Dongargarh Granite is intrusive in the Nandgaon Group.
Trace element variations reveal that acid volcanics Nandgaon Group comprises the Bijli Rhyolite and
have rhyodacite-dacite composition. Both volcanic arc the Pitepani Basic Volcanics. Bijli Rhyolite consists
type and volcanic arc+syn-collision type of tectonic mainly of rhyolite with interbanded rhyolitic conglo-
setups are indicated. Major oxide variation diagrams for merate, welded rhyolitic tuffs, rhyolitic agglomerate,
basic and metabasalt indicate sub alkaline nature, ignimbrite and sandstone. Pitepani Volcanics mainly
majority falling in andesite and some in trachyandesite includes massive to porphyritic basalt with rare pillowed
and dacite field. Trace element variation diagrams structure. The lithostratigraphic succession of the
classify them as low potassium tholeiites. In Zr/TiO2 vs Nandgaon Group is given in Table - 5.
Table - 5. Lithostratigraphy of Nandgaon Group (Sarkar, et al.1994)

Dongargarh granite Microgranite & aplite; coarse & porphyritic granite; Porphyritic
(2270 ± 90 to 2465 ± 22 Ma) microgranite & granophyre
Hypabyssal gabbro & dioritic units,
porphyry
Pitepani Volcanics (<1690 Ma) Non-porphyritic, porphyritic &
amygdaloidal tholeiite
Basic tuff & agglomerates
Shales & siltstones
Nandgaon Group Nandgaon Orogeny (Unconformity)
Porphyritic & non-porphyritic rhyolites,

Bijli Rhyolites rhyolite porphyry (flow layers)
Rhyolitic conglomerate, sandstones,
siltstones, shales & tuffs (300m)
Rhyolite with flow layers (2180 – 2503 Ma)
Amgaon orogeny, metamorphism & granitisation (> c. 2500 Ma).

Amgaon Group Quartz sericite schist; feldspathic garnet epidote, hornblende- biotite
– quartzite; quartz-feldspar-biotite gneiss, augen gneiss, hornblende
schist & amphibolite
11
Similar sequence of rocks occurs in northwestern with gradual shallowing in the eastern part. This variation
part of erstwhile Bastar District (presently Kanker in the attitudes of rocks within the belt is partially due to
district) forming the southern extension of Rajnandgaon- the original deposition over an asymmetrically subsiding
Dongargarh Volcanic Belt. This north-south trending basin later steepened by compression during the closure
belt defines the Kotri rift zone within the Bastar Craton of the basin. Ainhur Group is weakly metamorphosed.
with high-grade gneiss- sillimanite association forming The litho-assemblages, their facies analyses and
the rift borders. The bimodal volcanic sequence in Kotri structural features suggest that these were evolved in an
Belt has been included in the Ainhur Group (Nandgaon intra-cratonic volcano-sedimentary basin within a
Group) comprising Pachangi, Kurse Korhi and Mendra tensional regime. The basin closed before oceanic crust
formations, which are unconformably overlain by could develop, which is typical of an aborted rift.
Patkasa Formation. Gabbro- ultramafic intrusive occur in
the west central part of the Kotri Belt showing north- Patkasa Formation is represented by greywacke,
south trend. This comprises pods of altered dunite- epiclastic conglomerate and shale. These rocks show
pyroxenite associated with differentiated gabbro. The gentle (<2°) rolling dips unconformably overlying the
stratigraphic succession is presented in the Table-6. Ainhur Group. The conglomerate of the Patkasa
Formation is both clast supported and matrix- supported.
The lowermost Pachangi Formation is exposed along
the western margin of Kotri Belt as a steeply dipping litho II-3.3 Dongargarh and equivalent granites
association of alternating epiclastic and pyroclastic
sediments with layers of acid volcanic and volcano- II-3.3A Dongargarh Granite
clastic rocks. It is best exposed around Pachangi village,
about 4 km east of Kapsi in the Kanker district. Epiclastic Dongargarh Granite occurs as a batholith covering an
rocks include conglomerate, sandstone, shale and area of about 8000 sq. km in Rajnandgaon-Kanker-Bastar
lahar-type volcanic breccia. Pyroclastic rocks include and Dhamtari districts forming the central part of Bastar
tuff, tuffaceous sandstone, and minor ignimbrite and Province. The batholith comprises three distinct plutons,
agglomerate. The Kurse Kohri Formation is exposed east the Dhanora-Manpur (largest) pluton in the southern part,
of the Pachangi Formation. It comprises predominantly the Chichola pluton in the central and Amgaon-Terha
of rhyolite-dacite, ignimbrite and different types of acidic pluton in the northern part. These plutons are oval in
volcano-clastic rocks with minor basalt and sedimentary shape, elongate along N-S to NNE-SSW and generally
rocks. taper to south. These intrude Amgaon Gneiss-
Supracrustals, and volcano-sedimentaries of the
The Mendra Formation is exposed in the eastern part Nandgaon and Ainhur groups. Enclaves of migmatitic
of the belt. It comprises massive and vesicular basalt and gneiss, metasediment, rhyolite, basalt, pyroclast and
interbanded basaltic volcano-clastic rocks. Basaltic conglomerate of the above groups occur within
pyroclastic rocks include lithic breccia, lapilli breccia, Dongargarh Batholith.
agglomerates, tuffs and ash.
Dongargarh Granitoids show magmatic fabrics
Rocks of Ainhur Group trend in N-S direction and including porphyritic, rapakivi and granitic textures,
show steep easterly dips in the western part of the belt occasional magmatic flow-orientation of plagioclase
Table - 6. Lithostratigraphy of Ainhur Group, Kotri Belt (Ghosh and Pillai, 1992)
Patkasa Formation Siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate

Unconformity
Mendra Formation Basalt and basaltic pyroclastic rocks
Kursekorhi Formation Porphyritic rhyolite, rhyodacite, pyroclasts
Ainhur Group and ignimberites, acid tuff, sandstone,
shale and vesicular basalt
Pachangi Formation Sandstone, shale, conglomerate, rhyolite,
pyroclastics (lahar type volcanic breccia)
Unconformity/tectonic contact
Bailadila Group BIF, ferruginous phyllite, metagreywacke and ortho-quartzite.
Unconformity/tectonic contact
Bengpal Group Meta-sedimentary enclaves comprising BIF, amphibolites, calc –
gneiss pelitic schist etc. gneisses and supracrustals
12
phenocrysts, lenticles of weakly aligned anhedral quartz, Chilpi Group of rocks is characterized by
glomerocrysts of plagioclase and megacrysts of potash- interbanded slate (meta-tuff) and meta-ferruginous
feldspar. arenite overlain by coarse grained feldspathic arenite at
Pandah-Ghotiya and Dongargarh-Khilari sector
II-3.3B Madanbera Granite (21005'00'' to 21015'00'' and 80045'00'' to 80055'00'').
Madanbera Granite is mainly coarse porphyritic II-4.2 Khairagarh Group

granite. It is exposed in the northern part of the Kotri Belt
and is intrusive into the basal part of the Ainhur Group. Khairagarh Group is exposed in the central part of the
This granite is grey to pinkish grey in colour and Dongargarh Belt along two N-S to NNE-SSW trending
characterised by large crystals of pink feldspar measuring belts, i) south of the Amgaon pluton of the Dongargarh
up to 10cm. At places rapakivi texture has been noted in batholith, extending along strike for about 60 km with a
these rocks. A few smaller bodies of granite porphyry are maximum width of 15 km, and ii) in the Khairagarh area
also noted within the linear belt on the western fringe of north of Dongargarh with an intervening screen of
Kotri Belt. Nandgaon Group, extending along strike for more than 50
km with a maximum width of 30 km.
II-3.3C Kanker-Mainpur Granitoid
The Khairagah Group is characterised by alternate
The Kanker-Mainpur granitoids represent a major basic volcanics (sills) and sandstone underlain by meta-
deep-seated Precambrian batholith exposed in parts of tuff. The Chandrapur sandstone is observed to be
Bastar and Raipur districts and cover an area more than underlain by meta-tuff which is locally mined as clay
10,000 sq. km. They have been variously described as deposit with well developed fissile plane (Jungral S., et
Bundeli, Chura, Kanker or Keshkal granitoids. The al. 2012).
batholith is elongate and trends approximately N-S. It is
separated from the western Dongargarh batholith by N-S The litho-association of the Khairagarh Group given
trending belt of the Bengpal (Sukma) Gneiss- in Table-7 is based on the classification by Sarkar (1957),
Supracrustal. The Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt towards its Rao (1981) and the latest revision by Sarkar (1994).
east borders the batholith, the Kondagaon Granulites to
the south and Sonakhan Schist belt in the north. The Bortalao Formation forms the lowermost litho-
sequence of the Khairagarh Group, which
II-4 PALAEO-MESOPROTEROZOIC unconformably overlies the volcanic rocks of Nandgaon
Group and the Dongargarh Granite, as east-west trending
II-4.1 Chilpi Group belts of varying width on the flanks of normal and
inverted canoe- shaped folds and saddle folds. It is best
Tripathi et al. 1981 named the sedimentary package represented in the area south of the Bortalao Railway
of the "Chilpi Ghat Series" of King (1885) as Chilpi Station in Rajnandgaon district.
Group. The group essentially comprises psammo-pelites,
which unconformably overlie the Nandgaon volcanics Impersistent beds of conglomerate often occur at the
and Malanjhkhand granite to the south of CIS in the base of this formation consisting of well-rounded
northern part of Bastar Province. This group has been pebbles, cobbles and boulders of variously coloured Bijli
correlated with the Khairagarh Group (Rao 1981), based rhyolites, Dongargarh granite, arkose, vein quartz,
on the observation that south of Saletekri, the Chilpi quartzite, chert, trachyte, basalt and andesite in a fine
quartzite grades into Bortalao sandstone of Khairagarh grained matrix. In the northern part, laminated shales and
Group. The rocks are well exposed around Malanjhkhand siltstones occur at the base of Bortalao sandstone
Pluton and northwestern margin of the Chhattisgarh comprising arkose with subangular fragments indicating
Basin. Small outliers of these rocks are also observed its immature nature. The (Upper) conglomerate bands
around Godri, southeast of Kasangi, Nekum and consist of well-rounded pebbles (8-20 cm in diameters) of
Gabdapahar to the north of Chhattisgarh basin, in vein quartz with sub-ordinate red and grey chert and
Bilaspur district. jasper in a coarse to medium grained white quartzose
matrix. Green sandy tuffs grading to tuffaceous
The group comprises mainly chlorite phyllites and sandstones invariably overlie the upper conglomerate
chlorite-sericite phyllites with banded jaspilite. In the bands and other members of the Bortalao Sandstone. The
basal part, local development of crystalline limestone Sitagota Volcanics overlies this and comprises dull green
with phyllite and chert partings, associated with thin basalt with minor tuffs and agglomerates. Karutola
manganiferous bands, is also observed. At the base, Formation disconformably overlies the Sitagota
quartzite, grit, conglomerate and pebble beds are seen Volcanics and consists of fine to coarse-grained, well-
carrying clast of volcanic rocks. bedded pure and ferruginous quartzites. It is followed by
13
Table - 7. Litho-association in the Khairagarh Group

Chhattisgarh Supergroup
Unconformity
Kotima Volcanics
Ghogra Formation (sandstone)
Khairagarh Group
Mangikhuta Volcanics
Karutola Formation (sandstone)
Sitagota Volcanics
Intertrappean shale
Bortalao Formation (sandstone)
Basal shale
Unconformity
Dongargarh Granite
Nandgaon Group
Bengpal Group /Amgaon group /Sukma Supracrustals
the Mangikhuta Volcanics consisting of non-porphyritic, sq. km in the western part of Bastar district, exposing
amygdaloidal pyroxene tholeiites with minor dominantly sedimentary and volcanic rocks,
intertrappean, laminated shales and siltstones. Ghogra unconformably overlying Bengpal, Bailadila and
Sandstone is mainly quartz-arenite in composition, and is Nandgaon groups. The basal Gundul Formation of
considered as intraformational between Mangikhuta and Abujhmar Group comprises a thick sequence of
Kotima formations by Yedekar and Jain (1995). polymictic conglomerate, sandstone, arkose and shale
(slaty phyllite and quartzite in Bodhghat area), which is
Khairagarh Group in the area to the north of overlain by basaltic flows with gabbroic rocks included in
Dongargarh is folded into a doubly plunging open the Maspur Trap. Basalt flows occur at different levels
syncline, with axis trending NNE-SSW. Several major indicating an erosional unconformity. Gabbro-norite and
faults have been recorded mostly affecting the lithounits anorthositic gabbro of larger dimensions are intrusives
of the Khairagarh Group, which include N-S trending into the sediments. Dolerite-gabbro occurs as dykes and
Darekasa fault (Sarkar, 1957). Dhara-Kamarwara and sills.
Tappa faults also extend in N-S direction for tens of km at
the eastern margin of the Khairagarh Group. Major synclinal structure is identifiable in the central
part of Abujhmar Basin plunging towards southwest.
From the structural analysis, it is inferred that the
Chhattisgarh Supergroup is preserved in a synformal
II- 4.4 Tulsi Dongar Group
basin and older Chilpi and Khairagarh group are exposed
in complimentary anticlinorium and preserved in
Tulsi Dongar Basin is located in the eastern part of
synformal keels. The first phase of folding is having NE-
Dantewara district and extends upto Orissa State
SW axial trend and axial planar cleavages serve as
bordered by Indravati basin in the north and Sabri basin in
avenues for emplacement of basic volcanics which along
the south. Tulsi Dongar Group comprises a thick
with metasedimentaries are folded by F2 having NNW-
sequence of sedimentary rocks intruded by basic sills
SSE axial plane. Rhyolite/microgranite is emplaced syn
(gabbroic) and dolerite dykes and is correlatable with the
F2 and culminated with emplacement of Dongargarh
Abujhmar Group. This Group consists of lower quartzite-
Granitoid. Thus rhyolite/dacite/microgranite/granophyre
sandstone sequence with or without detrital andalusite
are sills in consanguineous with Dongargarh granitoid.
described as Kukrimetta Formation. Rocks of the Tulsi
The oldest rock was identified as Amgaon gneiss of
Dongar basin are folded in an east-west trending doubly
granodiorite composition.The basic rocks grades to
plunging syncline. Lineaments trending WNW-ESE have
gabbro and pyroxenite. Sulphide mineralisation with
also dissected the Abujhmar plateau and uplifted northern
suspected gold is observed within acid magmatic rocks
margin.
(Jungral S., et al. 2012).
II-4.3 Abujhmar Group II-4.5 Mafic Dyke Swarms
The dissected plateau region, known as "Abujhmar", Proterozoic Mafic Dyke Swarms (MDS) are the
occupies the western part of Bastar district. The characteristics of the southern part of the Bastar Province.
intracratonic Abujhmar Basin occupies an area of 3000 Ramachandra et.al, (1995) have recognized at least four
14
major swarms (or swarm sets) in the Bastar terrain, tectonic, probably thrusted (?) due to which the sediments
including, show deformation and some degree of metamorphism.
a. The Bhanu Pratappur-Keskal swarm II-5.1 Chhattisgarh Supergroup
b. The Narainpur-Kondagaon swarm
The intracratonic Chhattisgarh Basin is crescent
c. The Gidam-Tongpal swarm and shaped and covers about 33,000 sq. km area in Raipur,
Durg, Rajnandgaon, Bilaspur and Raigarh districts of
d. The Bijapur-Sukma swarm. Chhattisgarh and adjoining parts of Orissa. The basin has
a maximum length of about 300 km along ENE-WSW
These MDS vary in width from 15-22 km, there direction. The maximum thickness of sediments is
being very few or no dykes in intervening area between estimated to be more than 2 km and is epicontinental or
the major swarms. The swarms predominantly trend stable shelf type. The litho-stratigraphic succession is
along NW-SE and may extend along strike for up to 150 given in Table - 8.
km. The number of dykes within each swarm varies
greatly and the swarms are mainly linear to slightly Chhattisgarh Basin having roughly E-W basinal
curvilinear; ring, locolith or sheet forms are absent. trend rests unconformably over the basement complex
Individual dykes in a swarm are commonly linear, sub- comprising different elements of the Archaean Lower
vertical to vertical, a few metres to 300 metres wide, Proterozoic supracrustals and granitoids of Bastar
extend along strike from a few tens of metres to 70 km Province in the south and the Bilaspur-Raigarh-Sarguja
and some are exposed in vertical sections up to 200 (BRS) metamorphics of the Satpura Belt in the north. The
metres. The dykes are diabasic, single, mostly basin is bounded to the west by the N-S trending
undifferentiated and are gabbroic and rarely pyroxenitic volcanics of Dongargarh Supergroup with faulted contact
in composition. Among the swarms mentioned above, the and to the northeast and southeast by Gondwana rocks
Narainpur-Kondagaon swarm includes a minor (Mahanadi lineament) and the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt
proportion of two- pyroxene granulite dykes apart from (EGMB) respectively.
unmetamorphosed diabases. The Gidam-Tongpal swarm
mainly includes diabases and it has been shown that in NNW-SSE trending Sonakhan high further divides
Katakalyan area, the swarm includes syn-, late- and post- the main basin into two sub- basins, the Hirri sub-basin in
tectonic dyke types (Ramachandra, 1990). the west and the Baradwar sub-basin in the east, which
has an E-W axis, presumably. In the main basin the basal
The lower emplacement age of these dykes may be sandy lithounit of Chandarpur Group define the basin
taken as 2550 Ma, the age of granitoids, into which the margin with dip towards the center of the basin. The
dykes have been emplaced. younger lithofacies have developed around the respective
depocenters with semi- circular to elliptical outcrop
pattern.
II- 5 MESO - NEOPROTEROZOIC
The lithounits of Chhattisgarh Supergroup are best
Meso - Neoproterozoic cover sediments in the Bastar developed in Hirri sub-basin, particularly in central and
Craton in Chhattisgarh and marginal parts of Orissa State southern part of the depocentres exhibiting wide-scale
are exposed in a number of isolated basins, viz., the facies variation in the northern part and an asymmetric
Chhattisgarh, Indravati, Sabri, Pairi (Khariar) and distribution. The lateral facies variation in Hirri sub-basin
Ampani. The constituent sediments in these basins, in west to Baradwar sub-basin in east is quite distinct. The
comprising conglomerate-arkose-arenite-siltstone- oldest litho-unit of the Chhattisgarh Supergroup i.e. the
shale-limestone and dolomite show similar litho- Singhora Group is best developed in a proto-basin lying
association. However, sequences differ in thickness from to the south of Baradwar sub-basin. In the adjoining
basin to basin as well as in relative proportions of Barapahar area (Orissa), similar litho-units considered to
different rock types. According to some workers, these be pre-Chandarpur sequence deposited in an isolated
basins of various shapes and sizes are remnants of a single Barapahar proto-basin (Pascoe, 1973). The early
master basin (Pascoe, 1973; Ball, 1877; Walker, 1900; embryonic basins, Singhora and Barapahar are situated
Crookshank, 1963; Dutt, 1964; Schnitzer, 1967 and1970; along the southern margin of eastern Chhattisgarh basin
Murti, 1996). Some other workers propose that these having NE-SW trending basin axis.
basins evolved in several isolated occurrences with well-
defined structural boundaries and are unique in character, II-5.1A Singhora Group
content and duration.
The Singhora Group, exposed in the southeastern
The contacts of these basins with the mobile belts are part of the basin, represents the oldest sequence in the
15
Table - 8. Lithostratigraphy of Chhattisgarh Basin (after Das, et al., 2001)
Intrusives Dolerite dykes

Maniari Formation (70m) Purple shale with dolomite,
dolomitic limestone and gypsum
Hirri Formation (70m+) Grey dolomite, argillaceous dolomite
Bilha Member Purple dolomitic argillite
Tarenga Formation (180m?) Dagauri Member Green clay, chert and shale
intercalation (tuffaceous?)
Kusmi Member Pink to purple calcareous shale
Nipania Member Purple and bedded limestone
Purple argillaceous stromatolitic
dolomite
Chandi Formation (67m) Pendri/DeodongerMember Purple and grey stromatolitic
Raipur Group
limestone and dolomite with flaggy

limestone-shale intercalation /
ferruginous glauconitic arenite and
shale
Newari Member Pink and buff stromatolitic limestone
and dolomite
Gunderdehi Formation
Andha/Dotopar Member Predominantly pink, purple and grey
shale with limestone intercalations /
arenite / buff to green shale member
in the middle
C H HATTI S GAR H
SUPERGROUP
Bagbura Member Purple limestone (phosphatic)

Kasdol Member Dark grey bedded limestone /
argillaceous limestone with minor
Charmuria Formation (490m) shale intercalations
Ranidhar Member Cherty limestone and dolomite
(phosphatic at places)
Sirpur Member Chert and clay intercalation
Chandrapur Group
Kansapathar Formation White to pinkish glauconitic quartz

(20-200m) arenite
Chaporadih Formation Purple, green, grey and black shale
(20-200m) with fine quartz arenite intercalation
Lohardih Formation (20m) Ferruginous purple arkose and gritty
wacke arenite with shale partings and
conglomerate at the base
--- Unconformity ---
Stromatolitic limestone and dolomite

at the upper part
Chhuipali Formation (300m?) Variegated shale with minor bedded
Singhora Group
limestone, chert, siltstone

intercalations
Bhalukona Formation (20m) Quartz arenite /siltstone and minor
shale:
Variegated shale with minor siltstone
Saraipali Formation (60m) and limestone
Porcellanite, tuff / tuffite
Rehatikhol Formation (20m+) Feldspathic arenite, arkose and
conglomerate at the base
--- Unconformity ---
Basement Archaean and Lower Proterozoic
rocks
16
Chhattisgarh Basin. It has been subdivided into four Chaporadih sediments. The Kansapathar Formation
formations. The basal Rehatikhol Formation marks the mainly comprises glauconitic quartz-arenite. The
initiation of sedimentation in the Singhora proto-basin distribution of Kansapathar arenite in the basin in stable
and comprises conglomerate and gritty sandstone shelf environment in a storm affected tidal and beach
showing unconformable contact with the crystalline environment indicating the regression of sea.
basement. This is exposed all along the eastern margin of
the basin and also locally at the western margin (near II-5.1C Raipur Group
Palsapani village). It is represented by the repetitive
sequence of conglomerate and arkose with minor The overlying Raipur Group comprises three cycles
intercalations of siltstone and shale. The Saraipali of argillite-carbonate sequence, each cycle starting with a
Formation comprising finely laminated shale, siltstone carbonate followed by argillite at places with lenticular
and chert with limestone bands/pockets conformably arenaceous rocks denoting regressive phase of the sea.
overlies Rehatikhol Formation. Shale is exposed These cycles are distinctly developed in the Hirri sub-
continuously in all three sides of the basin and forms the basin particularly in the southern and central part. The
predominant litho-unit. The overlying Bhalukona cycles are represented by (1) Charmuria limestone-
Formation is arenaceous and is well-developed in Gunderdehi shale; (2) Chandi limestone-Tarenga shale
Bhalukona in western part of the basin. In Saraipali- and (3) Hirri dolomite-Maniari shale.
Arjunda area in central part, it is exposed as a linear ridge.
It comprises quartz arenite with minor sub-arkose and The basal unit of Charmuria Formation is represented
arkosic intercalations. The dominant litho-unit is by clay and chert which is well developed in the south
variegated shale, showing laminated and highly friable central parts of the basin. It is followed upward by flaggy
nature. Bedded limestone generally occurs as discrete and cherty limestone, which is feebly phosphatic,
pockets and as impersistent bands in the lower part of this developed all along the southern part of the basin. The
litho-unit. overlying member is a dark grey, flaggy, pyritiferous
limestone. The youngest Bagbura member comprises
II-5.1B Chandarpur Group purple argillaceous limestone, which is locally
phosphatic. Charmuria Formation grades into overlying
Chandarpur Group rests unconformably over the Gunderdehi Formation comprising shale and sandstone.
crystalline basement at the fringes of the Chhattisgarh The formation denotes a renewed submergence of the
Basin and the older sediments of the Singhora Group in basin with enhanced supply of silty and shaly clastics in a
the Singhora proto-basin, as observed in Sishupal Pahar warm oxidizing condition in sub-tidal zone. The
section. It is characterized by more or less arenaceous overlying Chandi Formation comprises a major
lithology with regional variation. In the main stromatolitic limestone sequence developed around
Chhattisgarh Basin along the southern margin, the southern side of depocenter of Hirri sub-basin with
unconformity is marked at places by palaeosol (Murti, arcuate outcrop pattern. Through out the northern part,
1996). Along the southern periphery of the basin, the the carbonate facies disappears or is present only as
Chandarpur Group is considerably thick (about400m). In intercalated discrete pockets or lenses in calcareous
the central part of the basin (in Durg area), it is hardly argillite. Chandi Formation has been sub-divided into
20m thick. The sequence is well-developed along the four members based on dominant carbonate facies. They,
northern periphery and is relatively thin with thickness up however, gradually fuse into a single carbonate sequence
to 200m. towards west. The prolific growth of algae in photic zone
of subtidal to intertidal flats of a very slowly sinking basin
The Chandarpur Group is divisible into three distinct produced the thick carbonate succession. Tarenga
formations i.e. Lohardih, Chaporadih and Kansapathar in Formation conformably overlies the Chandi Formation,
ascending stratigraphic order. Lohardih Formation which is sub-divided into Kusmi Member (argillite),
comprises basal conglomerate and arkosic sandstone Dagauri Member (clay-chert) and Bilha Member
with conglomerate bands. This formation has been (dolomitic argillite) from bottom to top. The overlying
interpreted as initial alluvial fan associated with braided Pandaria Formation represents the calc-argillite facies
fluvial sediment and followed by marine transgression developed all along the northern part of the Hirri sub-
producing wave-tide dominated shallow marine shoal basin. This litho-unit overlies the Chandarpur arenite
bar, which shows signature of reworking of fluvial along the northern margin and is characterised by
sediments. The overlying Chaporadih Formation predominance of pink to purple calcareous shale with
comprising shale with fine quartz arenite represents lenses and pockets of bedded flaggy limestone,
transgression with deposition of sediments in a relatively stromatolitic limestone and dolomite and bedded
deeper outer shelf to sub-tidal to inter-tidal zone and also limestone associated with the chert bands. These lenses
possibly lagoonal set-up. Storm deposits have also been and pockets vary widely in dimension from a few metres
reported at different levels from Lohardih and to several hundred metres in length. Pandaria Formation
17
represents lateral facies variation of Charmuria (bedded) II- 5 .2 Pairi (Khariar) Group
limestone, Gunderdehi shale, Chandi (stromatolitic)
limestone and Tarenga argillite, which are distinctly The small elliptical Upper Proterozoic basin,
developed as mappable units in the southern part, but popularly known as the ' Khariar highlands' is situated
occurs as a member along the northern part of the sub- between the Chhattisgarh Basin and Indravati Basin in
basin. The Hirri Formation is well developed around the Central India, about 150 km. south east of Raipur. It lies
central part of Hirri sub-basin and forms an oval outcrop along the western margin of Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt
pattern. Although it attains a considerable thickness in (EGMB) occupying an area of 1500 sq km in parts of
south, it is very thin along the northern fringes and is Orissa and Chhattisgarh. The N-S trending plateau, 150
interpreted from outcrop exposures and/or local km long and 50 km wide, shows table land topography
excavations. The formation conformably overlies the with number of mesa and butte with maximum elevation
Tarenga Formation in the south and Pandaria Formation of 996 m above m.s.l. The steep western scarp face
in the north. The dominant rock type is dark grey, bedded ranging in height from 40 to 200m, hosts a number of
dolomite, associated with light grey laminated water falls and cascades. The sediments of Khariar Basin
argillaceous dolomite, and black and white chert. At are correlatable with Chandarpur Group of Chhattisgarh
places intra-formational dolomite (conglomeratic) and Supergroup. Das et al. (1988) reported a number of clastic
black shale contain gypsum as layers, parallel to bedding dykes in the crystallines to suggest the linkage between
and as disseminated grains/crystals. Stromatolitic Khariar and the Chhattisgarh Basins.
dolomite is exposed in Hirri and Kodwa mines. The
stromatolites are columnar having a wide inter-columnar Mishra et al. (1988) designated the sequence of
space. The youngest Maniari Formation is named after Khariar Basin as 'Pairi Group' (Table-9). The name 'Pairi'
the Maniari River along which the rock is best exposed has been derived from the river of the same name, which
and an oval-shaped outcrop in the central part of the sub- originates in the Khariar Plateau. 'Ampani Outlier'
basin. It represents the closing phase of deposition in (Balakrishna and Babu, 1987) lies to the south of Khariar
Chhattisgarh Basin and consists of lower gypsiferous Basin.
grey siltstone, shale followed by reddish brown
calcareous/non-calcareous shale with limestone and The Pairi Group unconformably overlies the
dolomite. basement crystallines and the supracrustals. The sub-
horizontally disposed sandstones are seen
A close study of stromatolites in Raipur limestone unconformably overlying the granites at Devdhara falls.
indicates two different assemblages, which can be
assigned to two biozones. Gymnosolen, Inzeria, The lower sequence of Pairi Group is well exposed
Baicalia, Tungussida and Linella represent the lower bio- along the western and southwestern part of the basin and
zone in the lower part by Baicalia, Anabaria, Tungussida, upper sequence is exposed throughout the plateau region.
Conophyton, Jacutophyton, Kussiella and Colonnela
represent the upper one. The upper bio-zone indicates an Devdhara Sandstone
age range from late Riphaean to Vendian whereas the
lower assemblage indicates a middle Riphean age. Devdhara Sandstone, named after Devdhara falls
(20°11' : 82°20') in the southwestern part of the basin,
Cement grade limestone and SMS and fettling grade comprises of conglomerate, pebbly sandstone and
dolomite are reported from Charmuria and Hirri arenites with thickness varying from 10 to 60 m. The belt
formations of Raipur Group. They are being extensively is having arcuate shape with formation trending N-S, in
exploited/mined for cement industry and for Bhilai Steel the central part, NE-SW in the northern part, and NW- SE,
Plant. Low-grade phosphorite association with in the southern part. Basal conglomerate is composed of
stromatolite is also reported from here. Gypsum pebbles of angular quartz, granite, feldspar and
occurrences are reported in Maniari Formation. occasionally jasper. The matrix generally varies from
coarse gritty material to ferruginous arenite to wacke.
Intrusives Thin bands (2 to 10cm) of pyritiferous black shale and
black pyritiferous arenites occur as intercalations within
Basic intrusives in the form of dykes and sill are the hard compact sandstone near the Sikasar dam.
reported mainly from the eastern and southeastern part of
the Chhattisgarh Basin. Das et al., (1988) reported a Kulharighat Formation
number of dolerite dykes into the Chhattisgarh sediment
from the Baradwar sub-basin. In Hirri sub-basin, the The Devdhara Formation grades upward into
dykes are rare. Chhattisgarh Basin shows evidence of Kulharighat Formation comprising shale, chert and
structural disturbance along its faulted western, northern carbonates, is best exposed at Kulharighat area (20°15':
and eastern margins. 82°21') occupying foothills of Khariar plateau below the
18
Table - 9. Stratigraphic succession of the Pairi Group (after Mishra et. al, 1988)
Recent to Soil, Laterite, Bauxite

Sub-recent
Ling Dongri Ferruginous sandstone

Sandstone (60 –120m) orthoquartzite
Bamandev Sandstone
siltstone / intercalated shale –siltstone, sandstone,
Tarjhar Formation (250 m) shale /ferruginous orthoquartzite
Amjher Shale (30 – 35 m)
Job Sandstone: orthoquartzite arkose, pebbly

sandstone, grit / sandstone / shale
intercalated shale – siltstone
Galighat Sandstone Bhaludigi Shale (60 m)
PAIRI GROUP Dharpani Shale– siltstone (20 –80m)
Matulpahar Sandstone (30 – 80 m)
Neor Formation (40 – 160 m) Intercalated shale siltstone and sandstone
Bhursi stromatolitic Limestone (2 – 10 m)
Kulaharighat Formaiton (80- 120m) Gawarmund Shale (60- 80 m)
Indrawan Chert – limestone dolomite and

black shale (10 – 30m)
Devdhara Sandstone (10 – 80m) Conglomerate, arkose and sandstone with

intercalations and pyriteferous black shale
Unconformity
Lower Proterozoic to Archaean: Granitoid, supracrustals and gneisses
scrap section. Kulharighat Formation has conformable nala, is exposed all along the base of the scarp section of
relationship with the underlying Devdhara Formation the Khariar plateau having thickness varying from 40 to
and overlying Neor Formation. The lowermost Indrawan 160m. Thickness of the formation gradually decreases
Member is calcareous shale with thin bands of impure from north to south. This formation is represented by grey
dolomitic limestone as intercalation, best exposed along to bluish black coloured sandstone intercalated with
Bhursi nala near Kulharighat. The dolomitic limestone siltstone and shale. These intercalations of grey shale
horizon is 10 m in thickness, dark grey in colour and with lenticles of carbonaceous shale are also observed at a
stromatolitic. The middle Gawarmund Member, ranging few places.
in thickness from 60 to 80 metres, is buff and greenish
grey coloured shale, best exposed near Gawarmund Galighat Sandstone
village, along with lenticles of fine-grained arenite. At
places dark ferruginous shale upto 5m thick is observed This sandstone, named after 'Galighat Pass', was
with a capping of calcareous shale. Bhursi stromatolitic earlier named as plateau quartzite/sandstone
Member, exposed only in the southern part of the area (Balakrishnan and Babu, 1973; Sarangi and Das, 1979).
along Bhursi nala section at Orissa-MP border, is Galighat pass forms a type locality where the exposed
composed of chert, lenses of dolomitic limestone and thickness of the unit is 300m. Here, it is thickly bedded,
calcareous black shale. mostly creamish grey to white to brown ferruginous gritty
and pebbly sandstone. 10 to 50m thick siltstone-shale
Neor Formation intercalations are also present at a few places. This
sandstone is cross-bedded, graded quartz arenite to gritty
The overlying Neor Formation, named after Neor sandstone with 95% quartz and about 5% feldspar with
19
overgrowths of quartz grains. A 10m thick brecciated (EGMB) in the Orissa part. Beds in the central and
quartzite with NW-SE trend marks the beginning of the northern part of the basin are almost horizontal.
formation.
Depositional environment and sedimentation
In the southern part, around Devdongar-Tarjhar, this
formation is divisible into four members: (i) Matulpahar The lithology, sedimentary structures and presence of
sandstone (ii) Dharpani shale (iii) Bhaludigi shale and stromatolite in general assign a shallow marine
(iv) Job sandstone. environment viz., beach, inner shelf and outer shelf, for
deposition of the Pairi Group with occasional sub-aerial
Tarjhar Formation exposure. The black shale alternates with dolomites or
calcareous shale and contains nodules of syngenetic
It is essentially an alternate sequence of wacke- pyrites, indicating euxinic condition in a closed sub-
arenite-shale with thickness varying from 100 to 250m. basin. The palaeocurrent directions in general found to be
Tarjhar Formation is best exposed in the central and towards SSE with local variation to northerly at the
southern part of the Khariar plateau. The formation starts western margin in the basal formation.
with shale-siltstone and grades upwards into wacke
arenite. In the southern part, this formation is divisible II-5.3 Indravati Group
into two members: (i) Amjhar shale (ii) Bamandev
sandstone. The 'Indravati Basin', covering an area of 9000 sq.
km of Bastar Province, exposes Late Proterozoic cover
Ling Dongri Sandstone sediments in Jagdalpur plateau region. It is characterised
by sandstone, shale, limestone and stromatolitic
This comprises mainly of ferruginous sandstone and dolomite. The basin is mainly confined in Bastar district
quartzite and forms the top most part of the Pairi Group. It of Chhattisgarh and Koraput district of Orissa. The
is best exposed in the central part of the basin in the Ling sedimentary sequence rests non-conformably on the
Dongri (20° 23'10": 82°20'25") hill. It varies in thickness Archaean Granitic Complex.
from 60m to 120m, conformably overlying the Tarjhar
Formation with capping of bauxite and laterite. This group has been divided into Tiratgarh, Cherakur,
Kanger and Jagdalpur formations (Table-10) in the
Structures ascending order. The Tiratgarh Formation comprises
basal conglomerate, sub-arkose, and ortho-quartzite. The
Pairi Group, at places, shows open to symmetric Cherakur Formation is represented by shales, whereas the
folds with NW-SE to NNW-SSE axial traces, parallel to Kanger Formation consists of grey laminated limestone,
their strike and plunging 5° to 25°. The folds with NW- which gradually passes into shale above. The Jagdalpur
SE trending axial trace are open and upright showing Formation consists of basal purple shale, greenish grey
mild culminations and depressions. Doubly plunging and purple cryptocrystalline limestone and dolomite
folds are seen north of Baramdev Dongri and Tarjhar. A (both stromatolitic and non-stromatolitic) and purple
large number of faults are genetically related to the stress shale with thin intercalations of purple limestone and
pattern. The important sets are N-S, NW-SE, N30°E- upper shale with quartzite intercalations.
S30°W and E-W. The most prominent sets are NW-SE
and N-S. A post Khariar N-S to NNE- SSW trending Structure and correlation
boundary fault marks the eastern contact of Khariar
sediments with the basement Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt Indravati Group is nearly flat showing sub-horizontal
Table - 10. Stratigraphic classification of Indravati Basin (after Ramakrishnan, 1987)
Jagdalpur Formation (200 m) Purple shale with purple and grey stromatolitic dolomite
INDRAVATI GROUP
(Machkot Dolomite Member)

Purple limestone and shale
Kanger Limestone (150 – 200 m) Grey limestone
Cherakur Formation Purple shale with arkosic sandstone, chert pebble,
conglomerate, grit
Tirathgarh Formation Quartz arenite (Chitrakot Sandstone Member)
Subarkose and conglomerate (Mendri Member)
Unconfirmity
Granite and Supracrustals
20
dips at places. The beds show overall centripetal dips. about 3.2 hectors is located on the western side of the
Towards eastern margin of the basin, the rocks show Raipur Kimberlite pipe cluster. On the basis of initial
structural disturbance with tight folds showing axial reporting by villagers, the Directorate of Geology and
plane trending 30°-70°. Basin is dissected by numerous Mines M.P. (erstwhile) completed a diamond core
normal faults. The southern margin is characterised by drilling programme in the mid-1990's comprising five
en-echelon faults. The major Sirisgura fault has dissected holes for a total of 708meters (one vertical hole and four
and laterally shifted the western margin of the basin. It is a inclined holes), which indicated that the Bahardih
steep hinge fault with side oriented northward thrown Kimberlite persists to a minimum depth of 180 meters.
down, which increases to about 150m in the west from the However, the drilling did not establish whether the pipe
hinge zone near Sirisgura. The basalt formations of the was single or multi- phased. Geological Survey of India
Indravati Group have been correlated with the took up regional search of kimberlite/lamproite in
Chandrapur Group and upper two formations with the Raigarh, Surguja, Jashpurnagar, Bastar, Kanker and
Raipur Group of the main Chhattisgarh Basin. Champa- Janjgir districts. During stream sediment
sampling in the Indravati Basin kimberlitic chromites
were picked up in I, II, III order streams and further search
II-5.3 A Intrusives
led to the discovery of new kimberlites in the area (Sarkar
et al. 2001).
Kimberlitic and ultramafic to ultrapotassic intrusives
occur within the Indravati Basin, mainly in the
Small and Vaidya (2002) based on structural analysis
southwestern part.
identified several northwest trending strike slip faults.
They also reported two more kimberlite diatremes based
The Raipur- Bastar Kimberlitic Fields (RBKF) on follow up of positive mineral assemblages in streams;
Kosambura Kimberlite (20º11' : 82º12'), 800 m east of
The Raipur- Bastar Kimberlitic Field (RBKF) is one village Kosambura and Temple Kimberlite (20º12':
of the three diamond-bearing kimberlitic provinces in 82º11') located 1300 m to the west of Bahradih pipe.
Peninsular India, the other two being Panna in Madhya
Pradesh and Wajrakarur in Andhra Pradesh. RBKF is In Bastar, kimberlite field is entirely confined within
located in the southeastern part of Raipur district and in the sedimentaries of Indravati Basin, being located at the
the central part of Bastar district in Chhattisgarh. In directional continuation of the dyke swarms present in the
Raipur field, located 135km southeast of Raipur town, adjoining gneissic complex. Two crater-facies kimberlite
five kimberlitic diatremes have been located viz. systems are reported in the area. (1) The multiple Tokapal
Payalikhand I and II, Bahardih, Jangra and Kodomali, the kimberlite system, covering about 550 hectare surface
first three being diamond- bearing. area is one of the largest and oldest crater-facies
kimberlite systems known in the world. (2) The
The RBKF is a NW-SE trending linear kimberlite Bejharipadar system, similar to Tokapal in chemical and
field, parallel to the main trend of fracture lineaments petrographic character and is situated about 4 km to the
present in the area. The kimberlites are now exposed in a northwest, composed of two closely associated pipes of 2
gneissic terrain. They occur as diatremes with diameters hectare each. The kimberlite lavas and tuffs are composed
varying from 50m to 300m. of pseudomorphs of olivine macrocrysts and juvenile
lapilli set in a fine-grained talc-serpentine-carbonate
The known kimberlites are spread over a stretch of 12 matrix with locally abundant spinel and sphene. Garnets
km, within the Bundeli Granitoid of 2200 million years of or diamonds have so far not been reported. The Tokapal
age. Generally circular kimberlite diatremes vary in Kimberlite pipe is a circular body of 2 km in diameter and
diameter from 50 m. (Jangra, Payalikhand I) to 100 m. possibly represents multiple intrusions. It is interesting to
(Payalikhand I) to 300 m (Bahardih, Kodomali). Most of note that in a part bordering the diatreme, kimberlite flow
the kimberlites are weathered near surface to "green has been found overlain and underlain by the
earth", a smectite rich clay, because of prevailing semi sedimentaries. The Duganpal pipe represents crater
humid tropical conditions. All the occurrences expose facies, the pipe rock being surrounded by tuffaceous ring
diatreme facie, kimberlite-breccia and tuff-breccia constituting pyroclastic breccia and tuffs. The pyroclastic
except at Kodomali, which has been interpreted to be of breccia contains angular to rounded clasts of red and
hypabyssal facies. The rocks contain abundant xenoliths, purple shale, limestone and siltstone, ranging from a few
which include country rocks, sunken pyroclastics, and mm to 0.5 m in length and xenocrysts of olivine,
autoliths of precursor kimberlite and peridotite mantle phlogopite and spinel.
nodules. Features like pelletal lapilli and nucleated
autoliths have also been recognised. B.K. Mishra and B. Dutta (2003) processed 4 bulk
samples from Tokapal and Donganpal kimberlitic rocks,
The Bahradih Kimberlite having a surface area of which indicated the presence of chromite and chrome-
21
spinels as only key minerals. The spinel recovered from and varying nature of sediments in the basin clearly
Tokapal samples are macrocrysts and fragmented indicate the shallow and sinking nature of the basin and
macrocrysts, formed due to serpentinization of olivine. changing environments of deposition with litho-facies
There are typically Ti poor (0.02 – 0.24%) magnesian ranging from fine argillaceous and calcareous in nature at
aluminous chromite (MAC) and contain Cr2O3 from the base to coarse gritty sandstone in the upper part of the
29.19 to 60.75% with MgO value from 13.64% to sequence.
17.88% and some of the grains fall on kimberlitic field on
Cr/(Cr+Al) vs Mg/(Mg+Fe) plot.
II- 7 UPPER CARBONIFEROUS - LOWER
II-5.4 Sabri Group CRETACEOUS
The sequence of rocks similar to Indravati Group

exposed in an isolated NE-SW trending triangular basin II-7.1 Gondwana Supergroup
near Sukma along the western bank of Sabri River covers
an area of about 700 sq. km. The stratigraphy of the basin The Gondwana rocks of Chhattisgarh mainly occupy
though, has not been worked out in detail, but broadly the Son-Mahanadi valley Basin covering parts of
correlatable with Indravati sequence. Rock types Shahdol, Sidhi, Surguja, Bilaspur and Raigarh districts.
corresponding to Tiratgarh, Kanger and Jagdalpur The Son-Mahanadi basin is a composite major basin with
formations are well developed, but only thin shale unit three sub-basinal areas, namely the Upper Mahanadi
represents Cherakur Formation. The Sabri Group of Valley, the Hasdo-Arand Valley and the Rewa Basin
rocks constitute the lower Tinadongri Formation and comprising most of the coalfields of Chhattisgarh
upper Puriras Formation. The tentative stratigraphic (Table - 11).
sequence is as follows:
In the Rewa Basin, the Gondwana sequence from the
Shale and phyllite Late Carboniferous to the Early Cretaceous is preserved,
whereas in the rest of Son-Mahanadi Basin, the record
Sabri Group
Limestone ends in the Triassic. Although the litho-facies of the

formations are primarily siliciclastic, they vary greatly in
Purple shale proportion. As a consequence, except the Talchir and the
Barakar which show similar litho-association all over the
Conglomerate and quartzite regions, the post Barakar formations in the region or even
within the basin are often typified by characteristic
lithology, although they are more or less taxially
II-6 NEOPROTEROZOIC equivalent. Thus, the middle member of the Pali
Formation in the South Rewa Basin is the taxial
II- 6.1 Pakhal Supergroup equivalent of the Raniganj Formation.
Sedimentary cover sequences of Neoproterozoic age The Gondwana strata are disposed within semi-
bordering the Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt occurring elliptical to elongate trough like intracratonic basins
along the northeastern margin of Godavari Valley in with one longitudinal side faulted. The strata mostly dip
southeastern part of Chhattisgarh have been classified as sub-horizontally or are moderately dipping (3°-10°)
Mulug and Sullavai groups. These are disposed along the towards basin center. In cross section they have an
NW-SE trending linear belt and form high plateau over asymmetric geometry. Although free from large scale
the Bhopalpatnam plains. folding, the Gondwana strata are mostly disturbed by
normal gravity faults. The major longitudinal fault the
The Mulug Group comprises Tippapuram Formation boundary fault usually runs along the entire length of the
consisting of shale and quartzite with intercalations of affected basin and often continues within the basement.
dolomitic (stromatolitic locally) limestone at the base. In a few cases, the boundary fault for one part of the basin
The Albaka Formation is represented by sub-horizontally continues within the basin as intra-basinal faults. These
bedded sandstone, conglomerate and siltstone. The faults are generally steep dipping. About 20% of
Albaka sandstone occupies the plateau region covering intrabasinal faults continue within the basement. In the
an area of 450 sq. km. Albaka sandstone is north central part of the Singrauli Coalfield, an
unconformably overlain by Nambi conglomerate/ appreciable strike slip component has been noted along
breccia of the Sullavai Group. The Nambi conglomerate the northern boundary fault. Most of the faults are
grades into sandstone, which has been designated as Doli aligned in E-W, ENE-WSW, N-W, NNW-SSE and
sandstone, which is horizontally disposed and occupies a WNW-ESE directions and their throw ranges between a
larger area in the northern parts. Considerable thickness few metres to 600-700 m.
22
Table - 11. Correlation of Gondwana Strata in Son - Mahanadi Basin.
Age Upper Mahanadi Valley Hasdo- Arand Valley Rewa Basin-

(Mand –Raigarh (Hasdo, Sendurgarh (Tattapani, Ramkola, Jhilimili,
Korba Coalfield) Bisrampur, Lakhanpur, Sonhat, Sohagpur, Johilla and
Chirimiri Coalfield) Korar Coalfield)
Late Mastrichtian Basic intrusives Deccan Trap and Basic intrusives Deccan Trap and Basic intrusives
Mastrichtian --- --- Lameta Formation
Early Cretaceous --- --- Bansa Chandia bed (100m)
Jurassic.( Undifff.) Bandogarh Fm (200m)
Late Middle Triassic Kamthi Fm. ? Kamthi Fm. ? Parsora/ Tikki Supra Panchet Fm
(200-400m)
Early Triassic Kamthi Fm. ( +285m) Kamthi Fm (+200m) Panchet Fm (400m)/Pali Fm (+800m)
Late Permian Raniganj Fm. (+180m) Raniganj Fm.+150m) Raniganj Fm. (300m)
Barren Measures (265m ) Barren Measures (100-300m )
Barren Measures (300m)
Early Permian Barakar Fm. (424-850m) Barakar Fm. (300-500m) Barakar Fm (300-+600m)
Early Permian to Talchir Fm. (100-150m) Talchir Fm. (150-445m) Talchir Fm. (60-450m)
Late Carboniferous
Unconformity
Basement
II-7.1 A Late Carboniferous to Early Permian Talchir is the main coal measure. It is dominantly made
up of coarse to medium grained feldspathic sandstone,
Talchir Formation grey shale, carbonaceous shales and coal seams.
The Talchir Formation comprises diamictite, fine to In the Son-Mahanadi Valley basin, the lower part of
medium grained sandstones, grey and olive green needle the formation is coarse grained feldspathic and
shales, varves and rhythmites. Plant fossils, occurring in arenaceous with a few impersistent coal seams of
upper part of the Talchir Formation show an assemblage superior quality followed by more argillaceous sequence
of Glossopteris indica, Neoggeratheopsis hislopi and of grey and carbonaceous shales, medium to coarse
Samaropsis sp. Besides, 3 m thick marine intercalations grained sandstones, most of the regional coal seams. In
(Umaria marine bed) have been located at Manendragarh some coalfields, the top part is again arenaceous. Its
and Anuppur which have yielded Linoproductids, thickness ranges from 200 m in Jhilmili Coalfield to 850
Eurydesma and other lamellibranchs and bryozoans. In m in Mand-Raigarh Coalfield.
addition, older strata of the formation are characterized
by Parasaccites complex of spores followed by The megaflora is characterized by the abundance of
Sulcatisporites complex of spores. These formations Glossopteris, barakaria, Sphenophyllum sp.,
occur along the margins of Ramkola and Bishrampur Gangamopteris sp., and Vertebraria indica. The known
coalfields in Surguja district and comprise boulder beds, microfloral assemblage comprises more than fifty in
sandstone and shale. These are also noticed in Jhilmili general. Lower part of the Barakar is characterized by
and Sohagpur areas. Exposures of Talchir Formation abundance of trilete spores while striated disaccate
constituting polymictic bouldery conglomerate, green pollens characterize the upper part.
silty shale, pinkish feldspathic sandstone and greyish
sandstone are observed as erosional outliers along II-7.1C Late Permian
Tumbakhar nala in the south of Semarsot (Mishra et al.
1993) Barren Measures
II-7.1B Early Permian The Barakar Formation is conformably overlain by

the thick sequence of the Barren Measures strata.
Barakar Formation Generally devoid of coal seams, it has varied lithology,
which is distinct from the Damodar Valley type area and
The Barakar Formation comformably overlying the is generally represented by thick grey micaceous shale,
23
occasionally carbonaceous with ferruginous bands and Glossopteris sp. and Vertebraria sp. occur in lower
medium to coarse-grained sandstones. In the eastern coal member in eastern side.
basin of Mand-Raigarh, the phosphatic marlstones are
present in the southern part. They occur as discontinuous Pali Formation
bands within the grey shale units. Megaflora is scanty in
this formation. The dominance of striate disaccate pollen The Raniganj Formation is overlain/overlapped by
Gondwani; pollenites continues and Densipollenites the Pali Formation in the northern end of the Sohagpur
seems to be characteristic form of this formation. Coalfield. The lower Pali strata in the Sohagpur Coalfield
are best exposed. Pali Formation is characterised by cross
Raniganj Formation bedded, immature, medium to coarse grained, feldspathic
sandstone with occasional presence of coarse grained to
In Son-Mahanadi Valley Basin, the Raniganj strata granular arenites, lenses and bands of pebbly
overlying the Barren Measures with a gradational conglomerates containing rounded quartzite clasts in a
contact, is composed mainly of fine to medium grained clayey matrix and thin but persistent, variegated, brick
feldspathic wacke with profuse calcareous cement, grey red coloured massive shales and siltstones. A thick (10-20
shale often carbonaceous and thin impersistent coal m) pale greenish yellow, variegated massive mudstone
bands. Although impersistent coal bands with local thin with lenses and bands of fine-grained sandstones marks
seams abound in the Raniganj strata, they have attained the contact with the Raniganj Formation. This mudstone
economic thicknesses only in Singrauli Coalfield. zone (palaeosol?) is best developed in the northwestern
part of the coalfield (best exposed on the right bank of
Plant fossils are abundant in this formation with the Murna nala, about three km upstream of its confluence
best development of Glossopteris sp. Raniganj with Son River). The basal claystone bed is generally
palynological assemblages show predominance of overlain by very coarse grained to granular subarkose
striated bisaccate pollen with subtle appearance of with pebble armour. It is underlain by the Raniganj strata
Vitreisporites and Satsangisaccites (Venkatachala, et al. with an irregular contact. An outlier of Pali Formation is
1993; Tiwari, 1994). overlapping the Talchir strata in the east of
Manendragarh. The maximum intersected thickness of
II-7.1 D Early Triassic Pali Formation is 825m near Jaisingnagar at northwestern
part of Sohagpur Coalfield.
Kamthi Formation
II-7.1 E Late-Middle Triassic
In the upper Mahanadi Valley and in the Hasdo Arand
Valley, the hill forming Kamthi strata overlie the
Supra Panchet Formation
Raniganj beds and comprise of ferruginous coarse
grained quartz arenites interspersed with occasional thin
In the eastern Rewa Basin, the Supra-Panchet over
red and light grey clay bands, specially in the basal and in
lies the Panchet with an angular unconformity and
the top parts.
comprises coarse arenites with thin lenses and bands of
pebbles and subordinates red, white and lavender clays
From Mand-Raigarh Coalfield, fresh to brackish
and siltstone bands.
water Estheriids viz. Palaeo-limnadiopsis sp. and
Palaeolimandia sp. have been collected from red beds in
Parsora Formation
the basal part indicating a Triassic age. Dicroidium floral
remains have also been collected from the same bed.
In western Rewa Basin, the upper member of the Pali
Elatocladus sp. has been reported from northern part of
Formation is overlain by the Parsora (Stage) Formation
Mand-Raigarh indicating a Late Triassic age.
introduced by Cotter (1917). At type section near Parsora
village, it is represented by pink, red and lilac coloured
Panchet Formation
mudstone with minor brownish red silty shale
In the eastern coalfields of the Rewa Basin namely interbedded with clay clasts. Elsewhere it is sandstone
Tatapani-Ramkola, Singrauli, Jhilmili and Sonhat dominated litho-assemblage represented by profusely
coalfields, the Raniganj is overlain by the Panchet with a cross-bedded medium to coarse-grained quartz-arenite to
gradational or an overlap contact. These areas show quartz-wacke with lenses and laterally impersistent thin
considerable development of the Panchet strata which bands of lavender and violet mudstones. Widespread
can be sub-divided into two members. While the lower development of ferruginated sandstone bands is quite
member comprises greenish grey shale and immature common. Sinha et al. (1993) reported Daneopsis hughesi,
feldspathic sandstone, the upper member is dominated by Dicroidium odontopteroids, Aslenium whitbyense,
quartz-arenite with occasional bands of feldspathic Taeniopteris sp. Pterophyllum sp. etc. indicating a late
sandstone and variegated to red siltstone and mudstone. Triassic age.
24
Tiki Formation In the southwestern corner of the Rewa Basin, the

Deccan Trap flows overlie the Gondwana strata. Besides
In west central part of the Rewa Basin, a trap flows, the Gondwana strata witnesses profuse
lithoassociation of variegated clays, mudstones, shales intrusion in the forms of dykes and sills of basic rocks of
with thin bands of lime pellet conglomerate and coarse- same age. The infra-trappean Lameta beds overlie the
grained arenites, occasionally calcareous had been Gondwana strata, unconformably being exposed as thin
termed as the Tiki Stage. Its contact with the underlying strips. It is usually characterised by massive limestone
Pali strata is sharp to gradational and occasionally bed, calcareous conglomerate, cherty sandstone and clay.
faulted. Tiki flora is characterized by the occurrences of
D i c ro i d i u m s p . , X y l o p t e r i s s p . a n d w o o d II- 8 CRETACEOUS
Mesembrioxylon. Fauna include fish-Ceratodus,
amphibian - Metaposaurus malariensis, brachyopidae II-8.1 Lameta Group
Panchygoia incarvata, reptile-Paradapedon huxlyi. This
assemblage is similar to those from the Maleri Formation Lameta Group belonging to the Cretaceous occurs as
and indicates a Carnian to Early Norian age (Chatterjee thin disconnected patches underlying the Deccan Trap.
and Roy Choudhari, 1974). The Lameta Group is mainly exposed in Bilaspur,
Surguja and Jashpurnagar districts. The Lameta Beds are
II- 7.1F Jurassic also known as infra-trappean.
Bandogarh Formation II- 9 CRETACEOUS - PALAEOGENE
In northwestern part of the Rewa Basin, the II- 9.1 Deccan Trap and associated rocks
Bandogarh Formation overlies the Parsora and the Tiki
formations. Being +200m thick, it comprises of white, The basaltic lava flows of Cretaceous-Eocene age
coarse to fine grained quartz-wacke, ferruginated with subordinate intertrappean sediments have been
arenites with pockets and bands of white, cream and lilac grouped into Deccan Trap. The trap comprises horizontal
coloured mudstone. The bed shave yielded Pagiophyllum to sub-horizontal lava flows and forms a flat-topped
sp. Gleichenites sp. and Williamsonia sp. indicating terraced plateau.
Jurassic age.
The constituent flows in the Deccan Trap are mainly
II-7.1G : Late Jurassic - Early Cretaceous 'aa' types. The presence of intertrappean sedimentary
rocks and red clay, weathered flow top in the form of red
Jabalpur Formation bole, weathered bottom of the flow to form green earth,
palaeo - weathering of upper part of the flow, variation in
The Jabalpur Formation overlies the underlying the nature of joints and petrographic characteriststics help
strata with a pronounced unconformity in Satpura region. in demarcating the individual flows.
It contains massive sandstones, jasper - bearing matrix
supported conglomerates, soft white clays, subordinate The flow rocks are basaltic fine to medium grained,
beds of calcareous nodules, red clays, carbonaceous and aphyric to highly porphyritic. The maga-phenocrysts
shale, cherts and thin coal bands. Plant fossils abound the are generally labradorite.
Jabalpur beds and consists mainly of Ptilophyllum sp.
with Cladophlebis indicus, Sphenopteris hughesi, Doleritic sills and dykes related to Deccan Trap
Nilssonia sp. Williamsonia sp. etc. activity are seen in most of the coalfields.
Bansa - Chandiya Bed

II- 10 CAINOZOIC: PLEISTOCENE- RECENT
Bansa-Chandiya Bed exposed in the western end of
the Rewa Basin is separated from Jabalpur strata by II- 10.1 Laterite
intervening Precambrian rocks and also shows an
unconformable relationship with underlying strata. It Primary high-level laterite with bauxites has
consists of silty sandstone, light gray to white clay and developed on Deccan Basalt in Bilaspur-Raigarh-Surguja
occasional clayey silt bands. They have also yielded a Belt. Iron ore deposits have also developed in Bailadila.
rich floral assemblage and include Sphenopteris
rajmahalensis, Cladophlebis cf. Kathiwarensis, II- 10.2 Alluvial Deposits
Gleichenites rawahensis, Weichselia reticulata,
Onychiopsis sp. etc., indicating an Early Cretaceous Quaternary alluvium is generally confined to major
(Wealden) age. river valleys like Mahanadi, Gopad and Hasdo.
25
III. GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING

The National Geochemical Mapping (NGCM), one overlain by the sandstone of Chandrapur Group of
of the most important and esteemed survey and mapping Chhattisgarh Supergroup, indicate above 3 ppb values for
activities being executed by GSI was started in FS 2001- gold ( Au), while granitoids with basic intrusive show
02 with launching a number of pilot surveys in different anomalies of Cr (130.8ppm/238ppm), Co (20.97
states all over the country to assess and monitor the ppm/28ppm), Ni (40.8 ppm/73 ppm), Sr (228.5 ppm/479
changes of chemical elements at the earth's surface and ppm), Rb (204.6 ppm/456 ppm), Th (62.68 ppm/120
identify new prospective areas for new mineral ppm), Y (91.62 ppm/140 ppm) and Nb (47.13 ppm/63
exploration. The prime objective of this mapping is to ppm).
create a baseline geochemical database and to produce a
complete set of geochemical baseline maps of the entire In toposheet 64K/10, out of 113 samples 97%
landmass of the country so that the regional mineral samples show 1-10 ppb of Au with maximum of 16 ppb;
assessment is done in systematic manner and multi- 66% samples indicate 100-180 ppm of Cr (max. 459
variant environmental issues are addressed effectively. ppm); 84% samples show1-30 ppm of Co (max. 72 ppm);
81% samples show 1-80 ppm of Ni (max. 149 ppm) and
The systematic geochemical mapping is being 94% samples show 1-40 ppm of Pb (max. 42 ppm); 85%
carried out on 1: 50,000 scale with sampling and analysis samples indicate 10-40 ppm Cu (max. 65 ppm) and 87%
of stream sediments, soil, humus and surface and samples show 21-60 ppm Zn (max. 95 ppm). Re-look into
subsurface water etc. The standard practice being the area for detailed work is contemplated. In T. S. No.
followed for sampling is collection of stream sediment 64K/15, higher incidences of U (1.09-16.93 ppm), Th (3-
samples from a cell size of 1 km by 1 km of first order 301 ppm), Y (threshold value 86.75 ppm) and Zr
streams, which are later being processed and composited (threshold value 21.42 ppm) are observed in the SW
on 2 km by 2 km cell for analytical purposes. Samples corner of the toposheet. Besides, the higher values of Cu
from the other media such as soils from different horizons (1-125 ppm), Pb (7-292 ppm), Ni (14-384 ppm) and Cr
like regolith, A, B and C horizons, humus surface and (threshold value of 458 ppm) are also observed in an
subsurface water, etc. are being collected on a 5' x 5' cell anomalous zone developed over meta-ultramafics. The
size on the base map of 1: 50,000 scale. All out efforts Chhattisgarh Supergroup of rocks in parts of T.S. No.
have been put to collect the stream sediment sample of 64K/14 show anomalous concentration of Li with
–120 mesh without any contaminations. A standard threshold value of 31.75 ppm and Cs with threshold value
procedure is being followed to number the samples in a of 20.42 ppm in central part, Ge with threshold value of
grid pattern systematically. 1.99 ppm in shales in western part, U with threshold value
of 4.35 ppm in southern part and Ag with threshold value
Geochemical mapping was initiated by SU: of 240.72 ppb in the south-western part of the toposheet.
Chhattisgarh during 2002-03 field season. So far (till The same group of rocks in parts of TS 64K/06 does show
March 2012) an area of 6528 sq. km has been mapped anomalous concentration of Zr (threshold value 804.15
covering 10 toposheets. Analytical values of 32 samples ppm), Pb (threshold value 40.1 ppm), Cr (threshold value
collected from the area of toposheet no. 64K/8, occupied 152.99 ppm) and Co (threshold value 32.23 ppm).
by granitoids, basic dykes, quartz and aplite veins
26
IV. MINERAL RESOURCES

Chhattisgarh, a 21st century state, possesses all major for about 98% of the entire value of mineral production in
minerals including diamond. Mega industries of steel, the state.
aluminium and cement have been developed depending
on the potential occurrence of minerals. Its large power During 2009-10, the production of coal was
surplus is attracting power-intensive industries and the increased by about 8%, limestone by 4% and bauxite by
state is poised to become the power hub of the nation due 1%. There was a decline in production in dolomite and
to its vast coal deposits. Chhattisgarh is the sole producer iron ore by 8% and 12% respectively during the year
of tin concentrate. The state is the leading producer of 2009-10. The production value of minor minerals was
coal accounting for 21% and second largest producer of estimated at Rs. 261 crores in the year. The number of
dolomite with contribution of 23% of the total production reporting mines in Chhattisgarh was 152 in 2009-10 as
of these minerals. Important mineral occurrences of the against 162 in the previous year.
state are bauxite in Bastar, Bilaspur, Dantewara, Jashpur,
Kanker, Kabirdham, Korba, Raigarh and Surguja The index of mineral production in Chhattisgarh
districts; china clay in Durg and Rajnandgaon districts; (base 1993-94=100) was 251.55 in 2009-10 as against
coal in Koria, Korba, Raigarh and Surguja districts; 240.38 in the previous year.
dolomite in Bastar, Bilaspur, Durg-Janjgir Champa,
Raigarh and Raipur districts, iron ore (haematite) in Mineral Production in Chhattisgarh during 2008-09
Bastar, Dantewada, Kanker, Rajnandgaon and Durg and 2009-10 is given in Table - 13.
districts. Bailadila-Rowghat hill ranges in the state are
considered to be one of the biggest iron ore field in India. ALEXANDRITE (CHRYSOBERYL)
Limestone occurs in Bastar, Bilaspur, Durg-Janjgir
Champa, Kabirdham, Raigarh, Raipur and Rajnandgaon Gariyaband district
districts. Quartzite occurs in Durg, Raipur, Rajnandgaon
and Raigarh districts, and talc/steatite/soapstone in Durg Alexandrite variety of chrysoberyl is reported from
and Kanker districts. pegmatite vein in Deobhog area, northeast of Latapara
(19°55':82°40'). Alexandrite has also been located in the
Other minerals found in the state are corundum in area around Kotrapara (19°52':82°49'). The State Mining
Dantewada district, diamond and other gemstone in Corporation is now exploiting the deposit.
Raipur, Mahasamund and Dhamtari districts, fire clay in
Bilaspur, Raigarh and Rajnandgaon districts, fluorite in AMAZONITE
Rajnandgaon district; garnet and marble in Bastar
district, emerald and gold in Raigarh and Raipur districts, Gariyaband district
granite in Bastar, Kanker and Raipur districts,
quartz/silica sand in Durg, Jashpur, Raigarh, Raipur and Sea-green amazonite a variety of feldspar, occurs in
Rajnandgaon districts. pegmatites traversing the granite in west of Indagaon
(20°05':82°03') Raipur district. The maximum length of
During 2008-09, aerogeophysical multisensor data crystals measures up to 15 cm.
were acquired by surveying over an area of 6,428 sq.km
involving 12,857line km in Kanker area in Bastar Craton, ANDALUSITE
Chhattisgarh, and Central India using Twin Otter Air-
borne Survey System (TOASS) by GSI. Sukma district
Category-wise recoverable reserves/resources of Small quantities of andalusite occur in the mica-

minerals in Chhattisgarh are shown in the Table - 12. schists of Bengpal Group, near Kumharras
(18°51':81°21'), Chandenar (18°49':81°24') and Bhegi
The value of mineral production in Chhattisgarh was (18°02':81°19').
at Rs.12,225 crore in 2009-10, decreased by about 8% as
compared to that in the previous year. The state is ranked ARSENOPYRITE
fourth in the country and accounted for 7% of total value
of mineral production. The important minerals produced Bastar district
in the state in 2009-10 were coal, bauxite, iron ore, tin
(conc), dolomite and limestone which together accounted Arsenopyrite is reported in the form of lenticular
27
28
Table - 12. Reserves/Resources of Minerals as on 1.4.2005 : Chhattisgarh (Indian Mineral Year Book 2010)
Reserves Remaining resources

Total
Mineral Unit Proved Probable Total Feasibility Pre-feasibility Measured Indicated Inferred Reconnaissance Total resources
STD 111 (A) STD211 STD331 STD332 STD333 STD334 (B) (A+B)
STD121 STD122 STD221 STD222
Bauxite '000 tonnes 30706 46981 11279 88966 - 36759 3823 1262 2572 14933 - 59349 148315
China clay '000 tonnes 914 179 1585 2678 - 600 110 - - 11378 - 12088 14766
Corundum tonne 310 - 288 597 - - - - - 288 - 288 885
Diamond carat - - - - - - - - - 1304000 - 1304000 1304000
Dolomite '000 tonnes 52108 64526 27972 144606 242 190795 6499 19840 33670 449108 1950 702105 846711
Fireclay '000 tonnes - 50 12 62 - - - 10580 - 10336 - 20916 20978
Fluorite tonne - - - - 65889 153132 9288 185485 5573 126088 - 545455 545455
Garnet tonne - - - - - - - - - 28800 - 28800 28800
Gold
Ore (primary) tonne - - - - - - - - 600000 300000 - 900000 900000
Metal
(primary) tonne - - - - - - - - 1.8 0.9 - 2.7 2.7
Granite
(Dim. stone) '000 cu m - - - - - - - - - 50057 - 50057 50057
Iron ore
(Hematite) '000 tonnes 570227 190285 - 760512 101548 - 656 81555 526906 779609 480000 1970275 2730787
Limestone '000 tonnes 669205 197381 200015 1066602 - 1544395 600882 2136876 619250 3069683 - 7971087 9037689
Marble '000 tonnes - - - - - - - - - 83000 - 83000 83000
Quartz-
silica sand '000 tonnes 424 - 304 727 - - 457 - - 282 - 739 1466
Quartzite '000 tonnes 3402 4142 4121 11665 - - - - - 14688 - 14688 26353
Talc/soapstone
steatite '000 tonnes 22 - 8 30 - - - - 70 8 - 78 108
Tin
Ore tonne 188136 - 48669 236805 - 2516392 - 168326 595914 29109378 - 32390010 32626815
Metal tonne 73.05 - 26.40 99.45 - 369.92 - 662.49 213.60 13103.43 - 14349.44 14448.89
Figures rounded off.

Table - 13. Mineral Production in Chhattisgarh, 2008-09 to 2009-10 (Excluding Atomic Minerals)
Indian Mineral Year Book 2011 (Advance Release) (Value in ` '000)
2008-09 2009-10
Mineral Unit
No. of Quantity Value No. of Quantity Value
mines mines
All Minerals 162 132698116 152 100529786

Coal '000t 61 101922 67873600 60 109953 50308300
Bauxite t 14 1674427 557371 15 1687069 607911
Iron ore '000t 12 29997 59064269 10 26211 44227248
Tin conc. kg 5 59778 21267 5 59016 22895
Clay (others) t 1 400 100 - - -
Dolomite t 23 1317858 361156 24 1286514 335580
Kaolin t - - - - - -
Limestone '000t 43 15789 2208173 33 15160 2231873
Quartz t 1 1846 258 1 384 54
Quartzite t 1 50 8 1 50 8
Steatite t 1 476 48 3 128 32
Minor Minerals@ - - 2611866 - - 2795885
Note : The number of mines excludes minor minerals.

@ Figures for earlier years have been repeated as estimates, wherever necessary, because of non-receipt of data.
patches in felsite near the junction with granite batholith, BAUXITE

south of Manitoba (22°49':80°39').
DGM Chhattisgarh has established about 0.4 million
Durg district tonnes of bauxite resources in Surguja district. Bauxite is
one of the major mineral resources of the state. Important
Occurrence of arsenopyrite is reported from village deposits of bauxite are located in plateau in Bilaspur,
Locahi in the Bhutna valley. Raigarh, Bastar, Durg, Rajnandgoan and Surguja
districts. Bauxite also occurs as irregular tabular and
ASBESTOS lensoidial bodies of various sizes associated with laterite
cappings over the Archaeans. A total of 148.315 million
There are numerous minor occurrences of asbestos in tonnes (I.M.Y. Book 2010) of bauxite has been estimated
the state. in Chhattisgarh.
Sukma district District wise occurrences are stated below:
A thin vein of tremolite asbestos, associated with Kanker-Kondagaon-Narayanpur-Dantewara districts

actinolite schist, has been recorded in the Saliapara area
(20°15':81°16'). Occurrences of tremolite asbestos are Small deposits of high grade bauxite occur in the
reported on the northern slopes of Kommaraju Ghutta plateau between Keshkal (20°05':81°35') and Amabera
near Kondasanvali (18°30':81°13') and NE of Gollapalli (20°04':81°20'). There are a few local concentrations of
(18°56':81°04'). The occurrences are patchy and bauxite in the laterite capping over Kotri Supergroup
associated with talc tremolite schist. metabasalts in the neighbourhood of Rowghat (19°52':
81°13').
BARITES
Around 0.21 million tonnes of bauxite has been
It is used as mineral filler. The total reserve in the estimated from a number of deposits at Bandhanpara
state is 1,90,000 tonnes of all grade (I.M.Y. Book 2002) (20°06':81°25'), Kudarwahi (20°07':81°26'), Kuye
(20°05':81°27') Cherbera (20°04':81°26') Budhiarmari
Baloda Bazar district (20°09':81°19'), Pat Dongri (20°08':81°20'), Halekurum
Dongri (20°03':81°22'), Marmakonari (20°10' : 81°22'),
Barites occur in the septarian nodules in the Taralimeta Peak(18°32':80°14') north and northeast of
concretionary zones overlying the Gunderdehi shale near Jarandul (20°10':81°16') and 2.5 km west of Bailadila rest
Dotapur (21°39':82°15'). house (18°44':81°15').
29
Bilaspur district During 2008-09, DGM, Chhattisgarh carried out

prospecting for bauxite in Patharai (Northeast area) of
There are about 20 occurrences of bauxite in the Mainpat plateau in Surguja district. Four lakh tonnes of
state. The important localities are Phutka Pahar (22°34': metallurgical grade bauxite resource with average 47%
82°46'), Pawan Akhra Pahar (22°28':82°54'), Karela Al2O3 was estimated.
Pahar (22°32' : 82°52'), Ranaikhet Pahar (22°30':82°57')
and Gaurduari Pahar (22°30':82°57').The total resources BERYL
of bauxite is estimated in the order of 3.44 million tonnes
in Phutka Pahar and Paunakhera Pahar area (DID, GSI). Bilaspur district
Durg district Beryl has been found from 1.5 km NE of Barbhata

(22°39':82°33') in pegmatite intruding muscovite granite.
The total bauxite reserves in the district are 0.487
million tonnes. Raigarh district
Raigarh district Bluish green crystals of beryl, 0.64 cm to 7.5 cm

across, are reported 2.5 km northeast of Keikachar
The plateau laterite in Khuria (23°06':83°41') and (22°48':84°10') in pegmatite. Green beryl crystals occur
Marol highlands (22°48':83°46') contains segregations of in biotite schist 5 to 7 km east of Baneya (22°43':83°31'),
bauxite in several localities. The total resources are of the Belghurti (22°45':84°02'), north of Ganabahar
order of 0.52 million tonnes in 9 blocks of Khuria (22°46':84°00') and Kunkur (22°44':83°57'). Beryl is also
highlands. The total resource of the district is 4.753 noted in pegmatite intrusives into the mica schists of
million tonnes (IBM Year Book 2002). The bauxite is of Jamchua area.
pisolitic, massive and brecciated types.
Gariyaband district
Rajnandgaon district
Beryl is reported to occur in pegmatites intruding
There are 22 known occurrences of bauxite in the Khondalites, northeast of Latapara (19°55':82°40') and
district. It occurs in Bodai (22°26':81°11'), Daldali Kotrapara (19°52':82°49').
(22°24':81°11'), Kesamarda (22°27':81°12'), Bangora
(22°27':81°08') and Dhanwahi (22°21':81°08'). Bauxite Surajpur district
forms discontinuous, thin and flat lenticular bodies
within laterite over the Deccan Trap. Beryl is found in Rampur mica mine near Pratappur
town (23°29': 83°12').
The estimated resource is 8.68 million tonnes with
46.28% to 49.12%Al2O3 in different deposits viz, Daldali BUILDING STONES
(22°24':81°11'), Ghamda (22°23':81°12'), Bodai
(22°26':81°11'), Rabda ( 22°25'15":81°12'), Kesamarda Granite and Decorative Stones
(22°27': 81°12') and Bangora (22°27':81°08').
The granitic rocks are exposed in Surguja, Bastar and
Raipur districts. Massive, fine to medium grained granite
Surguja district with attractive colours and uniform texture, found in the
state, is amenable to good polish. The marbles of Surguja
Extensive laterite cappings on the top of Deccan Trap may be tested for the extraction of blocks and their
in Mainpat-Jamirapat and Joka-Luchupat plateau show amenability to good polish. Total resources in the state are
development of good bauxite. Sixteen occurrences of 50057000 cubic metres (I.M.Y. Book 2010).
bauxite from different localities in Jamirapat (23°21':
83°52') and Joka-Luchupat plateau are reported. Marble
Jamirapat area: Prospecting by GSI in 13 blocks in In Surguja district, marble belongs to Mahakoshal
Jamirapat belt established sizeable bauxite deposits. The Group. The suitability of marbles, for extraction of blocks
belt is 40 sq. km. in extent. The bauxite is derived from and their amenability to polishing, needs to be tested.
Deccan Trap basalts. The total reserve is 36.62 million
tonnes (DID, GSI) with an average 52% Al2O3. Quartzite
Mainpat area: DGM, Madhya Pradesh has establi- Quartzites in Chhattisgarh are associated with
shed a reserve of 33 million tonnes of bauxite (DID, GSI). Precambrian rocks and are restricted to Bastar, Durg and
30
Raipur districts. They have good potential as building Durg district

stone.
White clay occurs at Danitola (22°41':81°08'), Dhaba
Durg and Rajnandgaon districts (21°05':80°01') and Panikibat (20°41':80°14'). The other
occurrences of white clay are at Harratola (20°54':82°43')
Deposits of quartzite, in Paniajob (21°13':80°42'), and Kariagondi (22°45':81°00') and variegated clay in
Bortalao (21°13':80°37') areas, have estimated resources Chichori (21°05':80°35'), Hatapahar (20°40':80°53'),
of about19.50 and 2.00 million tonnes respectively. The Bhandaritola (20°41':80°58'), Markatola (20°34':81°23')
deposit at Danitola (22°41':81°08') is at present exploited and Chapri (22°06':81°10'). Kaolin derived from the
by Steel Authority of India. The SiO2 content varies from decomposition of felsite and porphyry is reported from
95.2 to 97.42%, Al2O3 2.5 to 4.43%, Fe2O3 1.00 to 2.65%, 1.5 km west of Markasar (20°59':80°32'). The material is
CaO up to 0.40%, alkalies in traces and L.O.I. white, soft and soapy in feel. Reserves are 0.197 million
tonnes (IBM 2002 data).
CHROMITE Raigarh district
Bastar district Red clay, suitable for tile industry, is found near
Rawatpura (24°02':76°44') and Bateri (24°02':76°45'). A
Chromite has been reported in talc-tremolite schist 30m thick zone of white clay occurs over an extensive
near Kondasanvali (18°30':81°13') area at 4 km ESE of Purunga (22°17':83°12'). Other small
deposits of white clay occur in Arajhar (21°56':83°18'),
Kishanpur (21°54':83°23') and Prasada (21°57':83°19').
CHINA CLAY/KAOLIN Terra Cotta clay deposits are noted between Biora (21°
54':76°55') and Raigarh (21°54':83°24').
Three types of clays found in the state are china clay,
fire clay and red clay. The total resources of china clay in Dhamtari district
Chhattisgarh are 14.76 million tonnes (I.M.Y. Book,
2010). This is one of the essential raw materials in the Clay has been reported from Singarpur
ceramic industry for the production of insulators, spark- (21°50':82°00'). Buff and yellow clay occurs in Pankibhat
plugs, ceramic switches, white-ware, sanitary-ware, (20°49':81°27') and Kosagondi (20°50':81°37') near
glazed tiles, storewares, pipes and jars. The supply of Dhamtari (20°35':81°25') railway station. The clay lies
china clay mainly comes from Bastar, Rajnandgaon, below 5 m of laterite cover. The estimated resource of 0.3
Bilaspur, Durg, Raigarh, Raipur and Surguja districts. million tonnes of non-refractory clay can be used as filler
in paint and paper industries.
Bastar district Rajnandgaon district
Fairly large deposits of white, buff coloured A five meter thick band of white clay occurs at 0.8 km
variegated clay, suitable for low grade pottery, occur in NE of Musalijob (21°03':80°49'). Other occurrences are
Raikot (19°10':81°50') and Manganpur (19°05':82°09'), located at Charbhatta (21°06':80°35'), Mohanpur
Medpal (19°06':82°08') and Rokel (18°34':81°44'). The (21°07':80°34'), Karelagarh (21°27':80°48') and Dabka
probable resource of clay in Raikot and Maganpur area is (21°24':80°58'). The Dabka occurrence is fairly large and
2.59 million tonnes. A resource of 0.40 million tonnes of the reserve is 12 million tonnes (IBM 2002 data). A total
white clay has been estimated from Kotamsor of 1.2 mt of clay resource has been estimated in
(18°53':81°55') area. Rajnandgaon district.
Besides, white and buff coloured clay occurs in Jojal Surguja and Balrampur districts
(18°58':82°05'), Sindigarh (18°32':81°45') and Kukra
A fifteen meter thick horizon of clay occurs below the
Dongri (19°10':82°01').
Deccan Trap at 0.4 km north of Konundha
(23°20':83°03'). The middle portion of 10 m thickness is
Bilaspur and Korba districts white clay. A twenty meter thick band of white clay
occurs at about 2.5 km north of Khandon (23°19':83°57').
Small pockets of white clay, formed by alteration of White and stained clay beds of 3 m thick occur at Khajri
feldspars in granites and gneisses occur near Ganipakha (23°20':84°02') over a length of 2.5 km; in southern slope
(22°02':82°34'), Gopalpur (22°36':82°39'), Bisanpur of Jamirapat (23°21':83°52') plateau- 13 m thick and at
(22°30':82°35'), Ramkechhar (22°36':82°18'), Jogisar 2.5 km NW of Chutai (23°22':83°52') 23m thick bed over
(22°38':80°00') and Thandapura (22°45':81°45'). a length of 60m.
31
COAL Quarriable potentiality of the seam for its occurrence at

shallow depth (8.80 m) further enhances its importance. It
In Chhattisgarh a total estimated resource of coking is 16.82 m to 18.74 m thick and occurs in the western part
and noncoking coal upto 50846.15 million tonnes has of the area only in between two NNE-SSW faults. In all,
been estimated by all agencies (as on 01.04.2012). The there occur eight seams in Lalmatia-Suklakhar, Banki-
inventory is based on data available from GSI, CMPDI, Surakachar areas. Many of the seams are absent either in
MECL, Singereni Colliery company limited, private and the Dipka-Tiwarta in the southwest or Korba colliery in
public entrepreneurs. the southeast. However, the important upper Barakar
seam known as Kusmunda seam and some additional
The inventory of coal resources in different coal seams between Kusmunda seam and seam VIII are found
fields along with grade-wise resume are given in to occur in the southern part of Dipka-Tiwarta area.
Table - 14 and Table - 15. Kusmunda Seam is the thickest seam of the coalfield
belonging to the Upper member of Barakar Formation
Korba Coalfield (Korba district) and has been found to occur in the southern part of Dipka-
Tiwarta area. The seam has an aggregate thickness of
It covers an area of about 520 sq. km within the Korba 64.20 m and is clearly defined into a 40.82 m section and a
district. The Korba coalfield forms the western member bottom 21.75 m section separated by a parting of 1.65 m.
of the linear Gondwana belt extending from Ib River in In Bhelai east, coal seams belonging to both Lower and
Orissa in the southeast to Korba in the northwest. In the Upper member of Barakar Formation including the thick
south-eastern and north-eastern part of the coalfield that Kusmunda seams have been encountered. Kusmunda
is contiguous with Mand-Raigarh, the Gondwana (lower) Seam is the thickest one and is 35.53 m (in two
sediments of Korba sub-basin were classified into Talchir sections with a parting of 1.93 m) to 75.54 m thick,
(250m+) and Barakar (750m+) formations to be though over the major part it is 60 m to 65 m thick.
succeeded by Kamthi (200m+) Formation. However, in Kusmunda (Upper) Seam is most important coal seam of
the light of reclassification of Gondwanas in Mand- the area. Over the major part of the area it ranges around
Raigarh and Ib sub-basins, the sediments in the south- 60 m to 75 m. in thickness.
eastern part of Korba sub-basin were reclassified.
Accordingly, a vast area in this part that was believed to As per the National Inventory of Coal, 2012, the total
be covered by the Barakar Formation was later identified coal resources of the Korba Coalfield, has been estimated
to be covered by the rocks of Raniganj Formation to be 11755.66 mt.
(180m+).
Hasdo-Arand Coalfield (Korba and Surguja districts)
The Barakar Formation hosts a number of major or
minor coal seams that account for entire resources of this Hasdo-Arand Coalfield lies in the districts of Korba
coalfield. However, a few thin coal seams occur in the and Surguja and extends over an area of around 1200
Raniganj Formation. In the Barakar Formation coal sq.km. The coalfield occupies a transitional area between
seams are restricted to its Lower and Upper members, drainage of the Mahanadi and the Son.
separated by a barren zone. The Lower member is
characterised by the presence of thin but superior quality The database acquired from surface and subsurface
coal seams, while the Upper member contains a number exploration indicates Talchir (maximum 445m) at the
of thick coal horizons of inferior quality. Development of base which is successively overlain by Barakar
coal seams in the Korba coalfield differs from area to (maximum 484m), Barren Measures (100m), Raniganj
area. Though, at times, correlation of coal seams in (150m) and Kamthi (100m) formations.
adjacent areas is possible, it is difficult to extend it
regionally. This has resulted in adaptation of different Barakar is the main coal bearing formation of the
nomenclatures of the coal seams in different areas. coalfield. Its middle member bears most of the important
coal seams with a few local coal seams occurring in the
Pali West and Pali East areas are, in fact, continuous lower member. Later re-appraisal has reported a few coal
and these together form the extreme westernmost part of seams in the Raniganj Formation also. From west to east
the Korba basin. In this area occurrence of seven coal important areas are Chotia, Morga, Puta-Parogia and Tara
seams of variable thickness ranging from less than a where exploration has established presence of six
metre to 18.74 m has been established through sub- regional coal seams in the middle member of the Barakar
surface studies. Of these, six are regional in nature. Seam Formation. However, a few local seams also occur in the
III is economically important and is 1.68 m to 4.05 m lower member of the formation. In Chotia area, the Seam
thick. It not only splits from east to west along strike but no. IV (Dhajag seam) is important. It occurs within
also splits into three sections towards outcrop. Seam VII younger Barakar sediments and attains 3.7 m to 7.95 m
is the most important and the thickest seam of the area. thickness. In Morga area coal seam sequence differs to
32
Table - 14. Inventory of Geological Resource of Chhattisgarh Coal (as on 01.04.2012) (Resource in million tonne)
Coalfield/ Depth Proved Indicated Inferred Inferred Total
Type of coal (Exploration) (Mapping)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. SOHAGPUR
NON-COKING 0-300 94.30 10.08 0.00 104.38
TOTAL FOR SOHAGPUR 94.30 10.08 0.00 104.38
2. SONHAT
SEMI-COKING 0-300 70.77 16.45 0.00 87.22
300-600 0.00 82.80 0.00 82.80
SEMI-COKING Total 70.77 99.25 0.00 170.02
NON-COKING 0.300 101.00 936.39 0.00 1037.39

300-600 27.72 859.37 1.89 888.98
600-1200 0.00 568.85 0.00 568.85
NON-COKING Total 128.72 2364.61 1.89 2495.22
TOTAL FOR SONHAT 199.49 2463.86 1.89 2665.24
3. JHILIMILI
NON-COKING 0-300 228.20 38.90 0.00 267.10
TOTAL FOR JHILIMILI 228.20 38.90 0.00 267.10
4. CHIRIMIRI
NON-COKING 0-300 320.33 10.83 31.00 362.16
TOTAL FOR CHIRIMIRI 320.33 10.83 31.00 362.16
5. BISRAMPUR
NON-COKING 0-300 986.06 628.64 0.00 1614.70
TOTAL FOR BISRAMPUR 986.06 628.64 0.00 1614.70
6. EAST OF BISRAMPUR
NON-COKING 0-300 0.00 164.82 0.00 164.82
TOTAL FOR EAST OF BISRAMPUR 0.00 164.82 0.00 164.82
7. LAKHANPUR
NON-COKING 0-300 454.88 3.35 0.00 459.23
TOTAL FOR LAKHANPUR 455.88 3.35 0.00 459.23
8. PANCHBAHINI
NON-COKING 0-300 0.00 11.00 0.00 11.00
TOTAL FOR PANCHBAHINI 0.00 11.00 0.00 11.00
9. HASDO-ARAND
NON-COKING 0-300 1369.84 3589.66 390.66 5350.16
300-600 0.00 39.98 7.33 47.31
TOTAL FOR HASDO-ARAND 1399.84 3629.64 397.99 5397.47
10. SENDURGARH
NON-COKING 0-300 152.89 126.32 0.00 279.21
11. MAND-RAIGARH
NON-COKING 0-300 4274.32 11769.33 1974.87 18018.52
300-600 204.97 5651.86 634.09 6490.92
600-1200 0.00 610.40 0.00 610.40
TOTAL FOR MAND-RAIGARH 4479.29 18031.59 2608.96 25119.84
12. TATAPANI-RAMKOLA
NON-COKING 0.300 50.43 1092.58 24.85 1167.86
300.600 0.00 997.47 177.34 1174.67
600-1200 0.00 302.67 0.00 302.67
TOTAL FOR TATAPANI-RAMKOLA 50.43 2392.72 202.19 2645.34
TOTAL FOR CHATTISGARH 13987.85 33448.25 3410.05 50846.15
p The inventory is based on data available from Geological Survey of India, Central Mine Planning and Design Institute, Mineral Exploration
Corporation Limited and Private/Public Entrepreneurs.
p A few Entrepreneurs sent resources not in proper format and the resources could not be taken up.
p This inventory dealt with net geological resources assessed, so far, and did not take into account the mined out reserve.
33
some extent from east to west of Paturia. In west of the basin adjacent to the southern boundary fault and it
Paturia Seam no. IV (Dhajag seam), the most important comprises southern part of earlier designated Mand River
and persistent seam of the coalfield occurs 11.5 m to Coalfield.
22.56 m above the Seam no. III. It attains maximum
thickness in this part of the coalfield and is 10.1 m to 15.9 The Mand-Raigarh basin forms the south-central part
m thick. However, in comparison to rest of the coalfield of the Mahanadi valley master basin. Here the
the seam contains more dirt bands. In east of Puturia Gondwanas occur over an extensive spread from Hasdo-
Seam No. IV is attenuated to 6.95 m to 12.33 m with more Arand basin in the northwest through Raigarh district to
clean coal sections and this thickness uniformly persists Ib-basin in Orissa. In fact, this basin is continuous with
over the rest of the eastern part of the coalfield upto the Ib-basin further to the south-east and Korba basin to
Kente. On the contrary, the Seam no. V occurring with a the west with large part of intervening terrain occupied by
gradual attenuation of parting of 39.26 m to 44.49 m the Kamthi Formation. Thus the Mand-Raigarh basin is a
above Seam no. IV shows a gradual increase in thickness part of the Ib River-Mand-Korba master basin lying
ranging from 0.58 m to 4.35 m. But it remains highly within the Mahanadi graben.
banded. In Puta-Parogia area Seam no. IV is the thickest
one and the thickness varies from 4.19 m to 10.34 m. In The geology of the Mand-Raigarh basin has since
Tara area Seam No. IV maintains a thickness of 6.64 m to undergone a major change when regional exploration and
10.29 m while Seam No. V becomes thicker with large scale revision mapping was carried out over a large
thickness ranging from 5.07 m to 8.74 m. part of the basin from 1978 onwards. Contrary to the
earlier notion that the Kamthi Formation (~ 285m)
As per the National Inventory of Coal, 2012, the total directly overlies the Barakar sediments (425 – 770m+),
coal resources of the Hasdo-Arand Coalfield, has been the entire Gondwana sediments were reclassified in
estimated to be 5397.47 mt. conformity with the Damodar valley basin. Barren
Measures ~385) and Raniganj Formation (150-180+)
Sendurgarh Coalfield (Korba District) successively overlying the Barakar and Talcher
formations were recognized.
Sendurgarh Coalfield extends over an area of about
40 sq.km and lies in Korba district. Rocks of Talchir and The Barakar and the Raniganj formations of the basin
Barakar formations occur over the metamorphic are coal bearing. Of these, the Barakar Formation is more
basement. Barakar Formation (about 300m thick) potential containing a number of seams of mostly power
contains six regional coal seams with three local seams grade coal and a few superior grade coal seams. In the
towards the basal part. The thickness of the regional Raniganj Formation coal exposures are reported from a
seams (Seam I to Seam VI) ranges from 0.44m to 14.24m, few isolated places both in the northern and southern
while the local seams are thin (0.1m to 1.10m thick). limbs of the basin, which are inferior in quality and
Although Seam IV is best developed, it is relatively thin insignificant.
(0.5m to 1.25mthick). On the other hand, Seam VI is
thickest (11.24m thick) with a very restricted aerial A total of 12 nos. of regional coal seams and several
extent. The coal seams are high moisture and non-coking local seams have so far been reported from this coalfield.
type and belong to B and D grade. Seam Nos. III & I are Some of the important areas have been discussed. Seam
qualitatively better (B & C grade) and are most Nos. III (1.20 to 8.75m), IV (0.5 to 4.35m ) and V (1.9 to
promising. Total reserve of coal upto 0-300m, estimated 10.6m ) in Dharamjaygarh area and Seam Nos. II ( 0.9 to
from this coalfield, is about 279.21 million tonnes. (As on 2.6m ), IV ( 1.1 to 5m ), VI ( 7.33 to 11.6m ) and IX bottom
01-04-2012, Data source GSI). ( 1.55 to 2.5m ) in Kurumkela are important. In
Chimtapani area Seam no. II (2.33 to 3.62m) is of
Mand-RaigarhCoalfield (Korba and Raigarh superior grade (Grade A & B). Seam III and IV are
districts) developed as combined seam in the area, excepting in the
central part where they preserve individual identity. The
It is located within the Korba and Raigarh districts, combined seam varies in thickness from 8.92 m to 14.25
The Coalfield comprises two coal bearing areas, one in m. The other regional seams vary in thickness from 0.7 to
the north and the other in the south, separated by Kamthi 4m. In Titaipali area seam II (1.31 to 5.83m) and III (0.9 to
formation. The NW-SE elongated northern coal bearing 5.95m) are important in respect of quality. Seam II is
tract extends over a large area from Mand valley in west mostly Grade – A, while seam III B to D. The Superior
upto the eastern boundary of the Raigarh basin in its Grade coal is also reported from the lower most two
northern limb. It covers northern part of earlier seams of Pelma area, where seam I is mainly of Grade A
designated Mand River Coalfield and entire North and the seam II varies from A to C. In Gare area seam I
Raigarh Coalfield. The southern coal bearing area is (0.94 to 8.15m), II (0.05 to 8.05m) and VI (0.58 to 7.6m)
comparatively small. It is located in the southern limb of are significant in respect of their thickness. From Chhal
34
Table - 15. Grade-wise resource of noncoking coal in Gondwana Coalfields of Chhattisgarh (As on 01.04.2012)
(in million tonne)
Depth range (m) Proved Indicated

Inferred Grand
Gr. A Gr. B Gr. C Gr. D Gr. EFG Total Gr. A Gr. B Gr. C Gr. D Gr. EFG Total Exploration Total
BISRAMPUR
0-300 97.83 257.49 158.79 215.22 256.73 986.06 15.37 141.69 138.34 127.23 206.01 628.64 0.00 1614.70
EAST OF
BISRAMPUR
0-300 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.95 5.59 28.17 77.54 38.57 164.82 0.00 164.82
CHIRIMIRI
0-300 66.14 116.11 116.09 11.00 10.99 320.33 0.76 5.04 5.03 0.00 0.00 10.83 31.00 362.16
HASDO-ARAND
0-300 1.36 18.40 91.54 298.05 960.49 1369.84 61.42 147.06 637.16 1598.06 1145.96 3589.66 390.66 5350.16
300-600 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.19 13.69 5.22 12.57 2.31 39.98 7.33 47.31
0-600 1.36 18.40 91.54 298.05 960.49 1369.84 67.61 160.75 642.38 1610.63 1148.27 3629.64 397.99 5397.47
JHILIMILI
0-300 64.86 49.70 27.40 15.02 71.22 228.20 14.02 10.11 7.78 0.66 6.33 38.90 0.00 267.10
KORBA
0-300 223.01 110.08 148.80 252.60 4352.70 5087.19 38.15 32.95 114.86 126.29 3332.05 3644.30 99.91 8831.40
300-600 10.00 0.00 0.00 6.03 547.92 563.95 7.50 0.00 39.81 372.77 1872.12 2292.20 68.11 2924.26
0-600 233.01 110.08 148.80 258.63 4900.62 5651.14 45.65 32.95 154.67 499.06 5204.17 5936.50 168.02 11755.66
LAKHANPUR
0-300 4.22 44.21 125.23 135.25 146.97 455.88 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.79 2.53 3.35 0.00 459.23
35
36
MAND-RAIGARH
0-300 26.74 38.53 175.18 381.64 3652.23 4274.32 78.71 32.91 268.81 1793.13 9595.77 11769.33 1974.87 18018.52
300-600 40.39 23.95 24.40 35.10 81.13 204.97 96.79 92.92 489.42 1762.84 3209.89 5651.86 634.09 6490.92
600-1200 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 82.03 162.49 365.88 610.40 0.00 610.40
0-1200 67.13 62.48 199.58 416.74 3733.36 4479.29 175.50 125.83 840.26 3718.46 13171.54 18031.59 2608.96 25119.84
PANCHBAHINI
0-300 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 6.60 1.73 2.66 11.00 0.00 11.00
SENDURGARH
0-300 0.78 27.79 48.24 32.53 43.55 152.89 11.57 51.22 30.77 19.27 13.49 126.32 0.00 279.21
SOHAGPUR
0-300 23.20 35.40 29.02 4.92 1.76 94.30 0.43 1.28 6.99 0.96 0.42 10.08 0.00 104.38
SONHAT
0-300 14.31 35.83 20.00 12.80 18.06 101.00 0.00 9.21 51.22 291.53 584.43 936.39 0.00 1037.39
300-600 1.25 19.37 5.45 1.65 0.00 27.72 11.71 129.29 201.72 373.10 143.55 859.37 1.89 888.98
600-1200 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 46.09 105.85 176.77 240.04 568.85 0.00 568.85
0-1200 15.56 55.20 25.45 14.45 18.06 128.72 11.81 184.59 358.79 841.40 968.02 2364.61 1.89 2495.22
TATAPANI-RAMKOLA
0-300 1.15 1.08 2.54 3.92 41.74 50.43 28.55 73.59 236.84 283.62 469.98 1092.58 24.85 1167.86
300-600 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 44.04 46.30 208.37 253.43 445.33 997.47 177.34 1174.81
600-1200 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.73 12.42 30.74 49.79 191.99 302.67 0.00 302.67
0-1200 1.15 1.08 2.54 3.92 41.74 50.43 90.32 132.31 475.95 586.84 1107.30 2392.72 202.19 2645.34
TOTAL FOR
575.24 777.94 972.68 1405.73 10185.49 13917.08 447.99 851.37 2695.76 7484.57 21869.31 33349.00 3410.05 50676.13
CHHATTISGARH
area, located in the southern limb of the Mand-Raigarh of this coalfield. The coal seams have high moisture
basin, nine regional coal seams have been reported. Out content, low ash and are non-coking type. Total estimated
of these, seam III is the most promising, which reserve of noncoking coal from this coalfield, upto 0-
constitutes of three to four clean coal section, with 300m is about 362.16 million tonnes.
individual section varying in thickness from 1.08 to
5.23m. In the west central part of this, seam V has been Bisrampur Coalfield (Surguja district)
intersected at a very shallow depth (between 12 -16 m
depth). However, the seam is highly interbanded. Bisrampur Coalfield is situated in Surguja district.
This coalfield shows development of the Lower
As per the National Inventory of Coal, 2012, the total Gondwana sediments represented by the Talchir, Barakar
coal resources of the Mand-Raigarh Coalfield, has been and Supra - Barakar Formations, which together have
estimated to be 25119.84 mt. been intruded by dolerite intrusives. The coal bearing
Barakar Formation, occupying a major part of the
Sohagpur Coalfield (Bilaspur and Koriya districts) coalfield overlies the Talchir strata and shows wide
variation in thickness ranging from 45m to
The Sohagpur Coalfield forms a part of South Rewa 304m.Thickness of Barakar coal seams that are generally
Basin and extends for about 3000 sq. km areas, mainly, in ten in number, range from 0.25m to 18.20m. Seam no. IX
Shahdol and Anupur districts, M.P. and partly within (Dhajagir Seam) is the thickest seam (10m to 18.20m).
Bilaspur and Koriya districts, Chhattisgarh. In about Seam No. VIII (Masan Seam) and Seam No. V (Upper
300m thick Barakar Formation, the occurrence of five Parpahari Seam) are the other important seams. The coal
regional coal seams (I to V), with wide variation in seams of Bisrampur Coalfield are medium in rank, and at
thickness, pattern of splitting, seam structure and quality, places show weakly coking nature. The coals are
has been established. These seams vary in thickness from generally of superior grade (A to C). However, coals of
0.22m to11.60m. The coal seams show abrupt increase in inferior grade are also present. A total reserve of
rank on the down thrown side of east-west trending noncoking coal upto 0-300m about 1614.70 million
Bamhani-Chilpa fault, which has dissected the coalfield. tonnes of coal has, so far, been estimated from this
On the upthrown side, the seams are high in moisture and coalfield. (As on 01-04-2012, Data source GSI)
volatile content and also are non-coking in nature. They
are being exploited in Rajnagar, Kotma and Bijuri in the East Bishrampur Coal field: A reserve of
east and Dhanpuri, Amlai and Burhar in the west. On the 164.82million tones noncoking coal upto 0-300m depth
down thrown side of the fault, the seams are low in has been estimated. (As on 01-04-2012, Data source GSI)
moisture and high volatile medium coking type with
UVM ranging between 35 and 40 and CI from 14 to18. Lakhanpur Coalfield (Surguja district)
Petrographically, the lower II, III seams and I are
inertinite rich (46-67%) and upper seams (IV and V Lakhanpur Coalfield lies in Surguja district and
seam) are high in reactives (46 to 85%). extends over an area of 350 sq.km, out of which135 sq.km
is coal bearing. Talchir and Barakar formations occur over
Estimated total resource for the coalfield up to 0-300 the Precambrian basement. The Barakar Formation
m depth is 104.38 million tonnes. (As on 01-04-2012, conformably overlies the Talchir Formation and is about
Data source GSI) 360m thick. Four coal seams have been reported from this
coalfield. These coal seams range in thickness from 0.33m
Chirimiri Coalfield (Koriya district) to7.55m. The bottom most seam i.e., Seam I is regionally
persistent and has workable thickness (varying from 1m to
Chirimiri Coalfield extends over an area of about 125 7.55m), particularly in the northern part of the coalfield.
sq. km in the Koriya district. The main rock types; Other seams are generally thin and impersistent. The coals
exposed in the coalfield, belong to the Talchir and are high moisture, low rank non-coking type. A total
Barakar formations, which unconformably overlie the resource of about 459.23 million tonnes of coal has, so far,
Precambrian rocks. Basic rocks in the form of dykes and been estimated upto 0-300m depth from this coalfield. (As
sills intrude Barakar Formation, which attains a on 01-04-2012, Data source GSI)
maximum thickness of about 435m in this coalfield.
Tatapani-Ramkola Coalfield (Surguja district)
Barakar Formation contains five regionally
correlatable coal seams varying in thickness from 0.30m Tatapani-Ramkola Coalfield represents a broad
to 12.40m. These seams are well developed in the north structural syncline with east-west axial trace. It is actually
and in the south central parts. Out of these seams, Seam a composite coalfield comprising the northern strip of
No. III is the thickest with a maximum thickness of coal-bearing rocks referred to as the Tatapani Coalfield
12.40m and is extensively developed in the northern part and the southern one called the Ramkola Coalfield. The
37
potential coal-bearing Barakar Formation is exposed separate identity, but in the area to the north (Amartipur
along the northern, eastern and southern periphery of the area) and in the south (Duba area), they practically merge
sub-basin which is largely occupied in the central and with thin intervening partings.
western part by the younger stratigraphic units viz.
Supra-Panchet, Panchet, Raniganj and Barren Measures. As per the National Inventory of Coal, 2012, the total
coal resources of the Tatapani-Ramkola Coalfield, has
Integrated surface and subsurface study carried out been estimated to be 50846.15 mt.
over last few decades has established the development of
thirteen regional coal seams viz. I to XIII in ascending
Panchbahini Coalfield (Surguja district)
order of sequence of Barakar Formation and seams show
wide variation in their development pattern. Out of these,
A non coking variety of coal of 11.00 million tonnes
Seam III, IV and V deserve special mention due to their
has been estimated upto 0-300 m depth (As on 01-04-
thickness, regional persistency and quality both in
2012, Data source GSI)
Tatapani and Ramkola areas. The coal seams have
consistent thickness in the eastern (Tatapani area) and in
the south-central part (Ramkola area). Jhilimili Coalfield (Koriya district)
In Bhormi-Mitgain block of Tatapani area coal seams The Jhilmili Coalfield is located within Koriya
merit special attention due to their persistency, district. An ENE-WSW trending major fault towards
development pattern and superior quality. In this area, the north divides the coalfield into two major segments.
thickness of Seam III ranges from 1.09 m to 5.07 m Talchir and Barakar formations represent the southern up
showing little thickening in the southern segment thrown block. Talchir, Barakar (300 m) and the Supra-
(Bhormi area). In the northern segment (Mitgain area), Barakar formations represent northern down thrown
Seam III splits into 1.83m thick top section and 2.54m block. Basic bodies intrude the latter. Regional studies
thick bottom section, whereas in the southern segment ( have established the presence of five regional
Bhormi area it occurs as single seam with improved coal correlatable coal seams (I to V) around Bharkarpara,
quality upto Grade A). This quality persists over a strike Kutkona and Majhan. Of these, Seam No. I (0.3 m to 3.55
length of about 1.5 km at a shallow level indicating m) is well developed in Kutkona area and thins out
quarriable potentiality of this superior coal. Seam V has a towards east. Seam No. II occurs in two split sections and
persistent development in south, where it varies in its combined thickness varies from 0.2 to 3.51m. Seam
thickness between 1.56m and 5.50m indicating No. III, mostly clean coal, is 0.33 to 2.45m thick. Seam
southward thickening. But in the northernmost part of No. IV attains persistent thickness of about 3.4m for
this segment, this seam in all probability merges with about 5km strike length in Majhan area, whereas it is less
Seam V with an aggregate thickness of 7.70m. In the than 1.2m thick in most of the area.
north, seam V ranges in thickness from 1.28m to 3.95m,
while its thickness increases upto 10.95m in the southern The topmost seam, Seam V (3.96 to 5.4 m thick) is
segment where it occurs in two split sections. The top usually intercalated with dirt bands. It occurs in two split
section is 2.10m to 5.54m thick and the bottom split is sections towards east around Bharkarpara where the
0.75m to 4.00m thick. Seam V, while has restricted thickness of top split section varies from 1.47 to 4.57 m
development in the northern segment, it becomes most and the thickness of bottom one from 1.17 to 2.07m.
important one in the south because of its persistent thick Quality - wise, the coals are with high moisture (2.5% to
development, superior quality and shallow depth of 36%) and with medium to low ash content. Lower seams
occurrence. are having caking index of about 5-14. The lower most
seam is weakly coking with C.I 12-19 and top most seam
In Ramkola area Seam III is one of the most is non-coking with C.I less than 5. So far, a total of 267.10
important seams having variable thickness from 2.96m to million tonnes reserve has been assessed upto 0-300m
9.80m (Amartipur area), where top section degenerates to depth, of which about 166 million tonnes belong to class I
carbonaceous shale and grey shale. It is well developed in to III. (As on 01-04-2012, Data source GSI)
the south (Duba area) having thickness variation from
3.53m to 13.50m. The overall quality of the seam Sonhat Coalfield (Koriya district)
generally varies between Grade 'D' and 'E', but the
notable character of the seam is that over the entire area, The coal measures located just east of the Sohagpur
the lower section of average 2.5m to 3m thickness is Coalfield, which forms part of the south-central portion
uniformly of Grade 'C' quality. Seam (IV + V) is of the Rewa Basin, is known as the Sonhat Coalfield. It
composite in nature over major part of the area and it is covers a total area of about 845sq. km in Koriya district.
the thickest (10.49m to 20.71m), persistent and the most The Barakar and the Supra Barakar formations
important seam. Seam IV and V at places maintain successively overlie the Talchir Formation, overlying the
38
Precambrians. Thick dolerite sill, related to Deccan Trap, Jagdalpur is dependant on supplies from Bhopalpatnam.
is a conspicuous feature of this basin. Corundum also occurs in placers derived from the above
rock types. About 700 tonnes of industrial corundum is
In the Churcha area, five persistent Barakar coal expected from the alluvial cover spread over 3.62 sq. km
seams (No. I to V), ranging in thickness from 0.4m to area. A few more occurrences are also reported from
6.1m, have been recorded. The thickest Seam No. V has Kochhnoor (18°51':81°25'), Chikpalle (18°16':81°33'),
1.7% to 3.9% moisture and 14.4% to 22.8% ash content. C h i n t a l n a r ( 1 8 ° 2 1 ' : 8 1 ° 11 ' ) a n d B u rg u d d e m
In the Ghugra-Labji area, lying to the dip side of Churcha (18°19':81°28').
area, the coal seams occurring in the lower part of the
Barakar Formation show a tendency to attenuate in Raipur district
thickness. Three correlatable coal seams, ranging in
thickness from0.6m to 6.75m, have been recorded from
this area. Corundum, in association with garnet and
alexandrite, occurs in pegmatites in Deobhog
Ash content of these seams ranges from 21.7% to (19°52':82°41') area of Raipur district.
27.7%. In Amritdhara block, development of five
impersistent seams (Seam I to Seam V) ranging in DIAMOND
thickness from 0.5m to 1.10m has been recorded. Coals
from all the seams are of high volatile content and weakly In Chhattishgarh region, search for kimberlite clan
to semi-coking type with 7-12 C.I. Approximate resource rocks had been conducted in twelve priority blocks on the
for semi-coking and non-coking coal in the coalfield is basis of favourable geotectonic setups and diamond
170.02 million tonnes up to 0-300 and 300-600m depth incidences. The investigated blocks include i) Pairi-
and 2495.22 million tones up to 0-300m, 300m-600m and Khariar basin, ii) Indravati basin, iii) Sabri basin, iv)
600m-1200m, respectively (As on 01-04-2012, Data Singhora basin, v) Bardwar basin , vi & vii) two blocks in
source: GSI). Raigarh Mobile belt, viii) Kondagaon sector , ix) Kanker-
Keshkal sector, x) Dhamtari sector xi) Bilaspur sector
In order to explore and produce natural gas from coal south of CIS and xii) in Dhamtari-Kanker districts.
bearing areas, the government has formulated coal bed
methane (CBM) policy for exploration and production of Raipur district
CBM. Under CBM-I to III, a total of 3 blocks have been
awarded in Chhattisgarh. A total of five kimberlitic pipes including two
diamondiferous were discovered in Bahradih-
COPPER Payalikhand area and more than forty kimberlitic
anomaly zones were detected by stream sediment
Bastar district sampling and Mainpur kimberlite Field (MKF)
was established in Pairi-Khariar basin of Chhattisgarh
Copper mineralizations have been reported from a region.
number of localities in Bastar district. Maximum value of
copper, in a core sample from Mundatikra The Mainpur kimberlite field (MKF) has become one
(19°28':81°19') area, indicated 0.30% Cu. Minor copper of the three established diamond bearing kimberlite fields
mineralisation has been encountered at Netanar in the Peninsular India, the other two being Panna in
(18°52':82°03'), Modenar (18°48':81°43'), Tongsal northern Madhya Pradesh and Wajrakarur in Andhra
Dongri (19°38':81°15') and Kesarpal (18°46':82°03'). Pradesh. The Mainpur field is 135 km southeast of Raipur
city. The five diatremes, identified in this field by GSI
CORUNDUM during 1992-94, are Payalikhand I & II, Jangra, Bahradih
and Kodomali. Payalikhand and Bahradih pipes are
Bastar district proven to be diamond bearing. There are some reports of
diamonds being recovered from Kodomali pipe as well.
Corundum occurs in quartzo-feldspathic gneiss and
biotite gneiss associated with pegmatites near N.V.Chalpati Rao et al. carried out petrology, bulk
Bhopalpatnam (18°51':81°23') and Kochhnoor rock geochemistry, indicator mineral composition and
(18°51':81°25'). Corundum is found in the form of zircon U-Pb geochronology of the diamondiferous
hexagonal barrel-shaped crystals varying in size from a Mainpur orangeites. The end- Cretaceous
few mm to 3 cm and shows various shades of ruby red, diamondiferous Mainpur orangeite field comprises six
aquamarine blue, honey brown, yellow and flesh colours. pipes (Bahradih, Kodomali, Payalikhand, Jangra,
The total estimate of ruby-red variety is about 980 kg. Kosambura and Bjaghati located at the NE margin of
Small scale/cottage industry, for cutting and polishing, at Bastar Craton).
39
The kimberlite bodies occur as intrusives in the DOLOMITE

granitoid rocks locally known as Bundeli Granite and
carry fragments of basal Khariar Group. A total resource Total resources of 846.711 million tonnes of
of diamond potential has been estimated to be1304000 dolomite have been estimated in Chhattisgarh (I. M. Y.
carats (I. M. Y. Book, 2010). Book, 2010)
Bastar district Bastar district
Exploration by GSI in the years 1994-95 to 1996-97 Deposits of dolomite are found in the Machkot-Tiria
could establish a new field of kimberlite clan rocks area, which are confined to the Indravati Group. The total
(KCR) in Indravati basin and the Tokapal field. Tokapal probable resource is 80.778 million tonnes (IBM-2002
field kimberlite clan rocks were reported near Tokapal, data), occurring in a number of deposits in Sakhajodi
Duganpal, Parakot-Parpa and Bhejripadar villages. The (18°48':82°11'), Jhiram (18°48':81°51'), Tikipodero
detailed exploration for crater facies KCR was carried out (18°57':82°13'), Gupteswar (18°49':82°10') and Pulcha
during FS 2000-2002 through detailed mapping, (18°49':82°07'). In Pulcha the dolomite contains flux
systematic grid drilling and ground geophysical methods. grade reserve of 3.30 million tonnes.
The study revealed the presence of more than two carrots
like root features in the area and a link between the Bilaspur district
Tokapal and Duganpal rocks below the top soil. The
pyroclastic kimberlite clan rock of crater facies exhibits In Bilaspur district, dolomite deposits occurring in
distinctive clast-matrix texture and consists dominantly different areas of Chhattisgarh Basin is given in Table-16.
of macrocrystal and groundmass serpentine (after two
Table - 16. Areas of dolomite deposits in Chhattisgarh
generation olivine), carbonates together with Basin of Bilaspur district.
macrocrystal chrome spinels, magnesio chromite,
groundmass spinels (members of ulvospinel-magnetite Sl.No. Deposit Grade
series) and G5 garnets (Magnesian almandine). The
pyroclastic KCR with tuff cover of Tokapal field are very 1 Hardi-Parsoda-Ramtola-Khaira cluster All grades
rare and can be recognized as Tokapal type (Mishra et al.
2002, Mishra et al. 2008). The Tokapal-Duganpal 2. Manikchauri (210 48, :820 14,)
kimberlitic clan rocks are volcaniclastic type and its Potaidih (210 49, : 820 16,)
diamond potential remains to be tested. Pachperi (210 50, :820 16,) All grades
Kokri (210 46, : 820 14,)
Junwani Cluster
The other investigated blocks include (i) Sabri basin,
(ii) Singhora basin, (iii) Bardwar basin and (iv) Two 3 Deragarh (220 00, : 820 52,)
blocks in Raigarh Mobile belt along Tapti lineament zone. Belhadih (21 58,: 82 50,) SMS
The investigation in Sabri basin of Bastar district has not
revealed presence of any kimberlite indicator so far. 4 Akaltara (22 02 :82 25 ) Mixed Grade
5 Chhatona (220 02, : 820 02,) Mixed grade

Raigarh district
6 Lachhanpur (210 34, : 820 17,) Mixed grade
The investigation in Raigarh belt along Tapti
lineament zone was conducted from 1994-95 to 1998-99. 7 Baimapara (220 09, : 820 17,) Mixed grade
The initial prospecting has indicated the tri-junction area
8 Salfa (210 55, : 820 12,) Mixed grade
of Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Bihar as the potential target
area for the primary source of diamond as reported by the 9 0 ,
Madku-Kirna (21 50 : 81 57 ) 0 ,
Mixed grade
local people from Ib, Maini, Mand and Sankh streams of
Chhattisgarh and Orissa. No kimberlitic rock has yet Sizeable deposits of dolomite also occur at
been reported except the recovery of kimberlitic chromite Dumarpara (22°00':82°50'), Ralia (22°04':81°18'),
in Mand river catchment. Chitapandaria (21°57':82°51'), Hirri (21°58':82°03'),
Keonchi (22°38':81°47') Akalsona (21°55':82°51') and
The investigation during 1999-2000 in Sarangarh- Bhutidand (21°53':82°52').
Chandrapur sector of Raigarh district, in parts of Bardwar
sub-basinal area of Chhattisgarh Supergroup revealed the Baloda Bazar district
presence of kimberlitic garnet (G9 pyrope garnet of
lherzolitic derivative). These garnets are important as far Dolomite is found in association with limestone of
as the source rock for diamond is concerned (Mishra et al. Chhattisgarh Supergroup near Bhatapara (21°44':
2000, 2007). 81°57'), Patpara (21°24':81°58'), Gondadih
40
(21°42':81°56') and Dharbadih (21°44':81°56'). A 0.6 km long fire clay band occurs along the Lachmi
Resources are 1.5 million tonnes (IBM- 2002 data). nala north of Manegaon (22°20':82°37'). Small pockets
of fireclay occur 0.8 km SW of Kesla (21°35':82°09'),
Rajnandgaon district 0.8 km SE of Mahuadih (21°18':82°36') and Malgaon
(22°19':82°32'). Fireclay occurs in association with a coal
Dolomite, in minor quantity, occurs as member of the seam near Madanpur (22°23':82°58') in the Petpora and
Chhattisgarh Supergroup near Mirmiria (22°07':81°18'), China nalas, 1.6 km down stream of the confluence of the
Lakhanpur (22°07':81°15'), Tarwgaon (22°10':81°15') two nalas, in the Dhuwan nala, north of Chontmar
and Khairagarh (21°26':81°59'). (22°19':82°59'), Jhinga nala, and near Puta
(22°19':82°24'). The estimated resources in Bilaspur
district are 0.272 million tonnes (IBM-2002 data).
FELDSPAR
Balod district
Feldspar occurs in commercial quantity in
pegmatites mainly in Bilaspur and Raigarh districts.
Fireclay occurs near Mariakotola (20°47':81°01') and
Lohara (20°48':81°03'). The clay is soft and whitish grey
Bastar district
in colour.
In Jhiram area, there are numerous pegmatite veins
Raigarh district
containing huge amount of feldspar.
In Domnara area, fire - clay occurs with coal seams.
Bilaspur district
The estimated resources are of the order of 5.18 million
tonnes (IBM-2002 data). This can be used in refractory
Feldspar occurs in pegmatites in Tikar khurd
industry.
(22°38':82°12'), Chektipanu (22°44':81°47'), Pidha
(22°37':81°51'), Sadwani (22°43':81°56'), Jogisar
Baloda Bazar district
(22°38':80°00'), Umarkholi (22°36':82°04'), Kotmi
Khurd (22°37':82°07') and Keonchi (22°38':81°47').
Minor occurrences of fireclay have been reported
from Baloda Bazar (21°39': 82°10').
Jashpur district
Microcline has been reported to occur in good
quantity in pegmatites around Bagicha (22°58':83°38')
In Ranga-Kathera-Kohka area, fireclay deposits have
and Bonpur (22°50':83°48').
been estimated at about 12.5 million tonnes. The analyses
indicate SiO2-61.20 to 73.18%, Al2O3-9.30 to 19.60%,
FIRECLAY Fe2O3-1.20 to 12.50%, TiO2-0.60 to 4.80% and loss on
ignition 4.21 to 8.30%. The fireclay reserves in the
Fireclay is the most common raw material for district are about 10.624 million tonnes (IBM-2002 data).
refractory industry. Deposits of fire clay are found mainly
associated with the Gondwana rocks in Rajnandgaon and
Bilaspur districts. Minor occurrences are also known FLUORITE
from Durg, Raigarh and Raipur districts. In western part
of Rajnandgaon district 1.2 mt of clay resource has been The total estimated resources of fluorite in the state
estimated. A total 20.978 million tonnes of fire clay are 0.545455 million tonnes (I.M.Y. Book, 2010).
resources have been estimated. (I. M. Y. Book, 2010).
Mahasamund district
Bilaspur district
In Achanakpali (21°28':83°06'), Charakuta
Large deposits of fireclay occurs in Uprora (21°18':83°12'), Chiwrakuta (21°10':83°13'), Ghatkachar
(22°48':82°36') district. The principal occurrences are (21°18':83°14'), Makarmuta (21°17':83°14') and
noted in a tributary of Dhajag nala. The fireclay band is 2 Nawadih area fluorite veins and veinlets in sheared
m thick. The clay, cream to milky white in colour, shows feldspathic quartzite occur intermittently over 2500 m
poor plasticity, low shrinkage and resistance to heat at length, in a 10 m wide zone.
1400C. Other exposures of fireclay are located south of
Bisnar nala (22°48':82°34'), in the Katiabahar nala Rajnandgaon district
(22°47':82°40'), in the Amanala, 2.5 km NNE of Nakia
(22°39':82°55') and near Bimalta (22°39':82°58'). Fluorite occurs, in association with vein quartz, in
41
granitic terrain in a 19 km long belt, extending from results indicate maximum value of Ni – 0.12% and Cr –
Kotapani (21°10':80°39') to Lamti Dongri 0.26%. Chandranagar ultrabasic rock comprises two
(21°02':80°37'). A reserve of 0.066 million tones with bodies namely Chandranagar East and West. The
+85% CaF2 is estimated from Chandi Dongri Chandranagar East body is an oval shaped plug like body
(21°05':80°38'). Fluorite red to yellow in colour is found (550m x 100 to 350m) which is intrusive into the gabbro,
as lenticles along with galena in quartz veins. It is highly whereas the Chandranagar West body is a bottle shaped
crushed, and intrudes the granitic and basic rocks. Violet body (1500m x 200 to 700m) which is intrusive into the
coloured fluorite is also seen at places. The average acid volcanic and gabbro and the analytical results of
recovery percentage of fluorite at this place is 26% to samples have maximum value of Ni – 0.21% and Cr –
30%. 80ppm. The ultrabasic rock at Lohardadar appears like an
oval shaped plug (1000m x 110 to 460m) intruding at the
contact of the acid volcanic and gabbro with maximum Ni
FLUX GRADE MAGNESIAN ROCK AND value 0.23% and Cr value 90 ppm. Analytical results of
PGE PGE from Boradih-Chandranagar-Lohardadar area
reveals Pt – 5ppb to 80 ppb and Pd – 10 ppb to 100 ppb.
The search for flux grade high magnesia ultrabasic The area is occupied by bimodal volcanics of Sonakhan
rocks and their potential for PGE in Sonakhan greenstone Group, intrusive gabbro, ultrabasic, minor granitoids,
belt, Mahasamund district, Chhattisgarh were conducted aplites and quartz veins. In Chandranagar the ultrabasic
in four different areas like Chandranagar, Lohardadar, rock is layered type and PGE and Ni values may increase
Boradih and Amakachar. In the 40 sq. km area covered, at deeper level.
detailed works was done on this ultrabasic and ultramafic
bodies to find out the portions suitable for flux grade
(MgO>30%). The ultramafic schist containing tremolite, GALENA (LEAD-ZINC ORE)
actinolite shows very high value of MgO. The ultrabasic
rock of Chandranagar area show MgO content upto Rajnandgaon district
31.54% (N.K. Sahu et al. 2009)
Minor surface occurrence of lead-zinc
Jashpur district mineralization, in the form of scattered disseminations of
galena and sphalerite in quartzite, have been reported
R. Choubey (1987-88) had carried out regional from Chandi Dongri (21°05':80°38'), Hat Banjari
geochemical survey and collected bed rock and soil (20°53':80°35'), Bhanwar (20°57':80°36') and Bagduar
samples for PGE around Mayurnacha (22°31':83°45'), (20°56':80°43'). Analytical results of soil samples show
Kanpara (22°24':83°51') and Madhuban (22°27':83°45') values between 100 ppm and 1000 ppm.
area. Analytical results of 18 bed rock samples revealed
Pt < 2 ppb to 9 ppb, Pd 2 to 6 ppb, Rh <2 to 6 ppb, Ir <2 Balrampur district
ppb and analytical results of 9 soil samples revealed Pt
<2ppb, Pd <2 to 5 ppb, Rh <2 to 6 ppb, Ir <2ppb. B.K. Copper-lead-zinc mineralisation, in the form of
Mishra et al. (2007) reported that Mayurnacha ultramafic primary sulphides, have been reported by GSI in
rock contains Pt 15ppb and Pd 55 ppb and Jamjhor calcsilicates near Dhulangi (23°59':83°27'), Surguja
ultramafic rock (22°29': 83°45') contains Pt 30 ppb and district. The analytical values indicate 10 ppm to3.04%
Pd 65ppb. The area is occupied by Precambrian rocks of Cu, 40 ppm to 4.40% Pb and 10 ppm to 0.55% Zn and <1
quartz- mica schist, quartzite, chlorite schist, magnetite ppm to 200 ppm Ag.
schist and actinolite-chlorite schist of Raigarh-Bilaspur-
Surguja belt. These rocks are intruded by basic and Poor incidences of lead-zinc mineralization,
ultrabasic dykes, represented by metagabbro, associated with cerussite and chalcopyrite, have been
metapyroxenite, serpentinised ultrabasic rocks and reported from two shear zones in Bhelai (23°14':83°22')
talcose rocks. Younger intrusions are granite, quartz- area and in Dhorpur area (23°12':83°26') of Surguja and
tourmaline veins, quartz vein and pegmatites. Sidhi districts.
Raipur and Mahasamund districts The mineralization, noticed over 15 km strike length,
occurs along shear and fault zones in dolomitic rocks
N.K. Sahu (2004-06) carried out investigation for intruded by granites.
search of flux grade high magnesium bearing ultrabasic
rocks around Boradih-Chandranagar-Lohardadar area in
Sonakhan belt with collection of 21 nos. of samples to GARNET
ascertain the potential area for Ni and PGE. Ultramafic
schist is exposed around Boradih area and the analytical Garnet, suitable for abrasive industry, has been
42
reported from gneisses and schists of Bastar and Bilaspur Raigarh district
districts. Semi-precious gem variety occurs in Raipur
district. Inferred resources of the order of 28800 tonnes Small pockets of residual gold occur in the Ib river
have been estimated in Chhattisgarh (I. M. Y. Book, near Pharsabahar, Bantoli (22°35':84°00'), Dharsasand
2010). (22°32':83°58'), Turi Alga (22°35':83°55') and
Dharamajaigarh (22°28':83°58').
Bastar district
Primary gold mineralization has been reported from a
Garnet crystals occur in gneiss 3 km NNW of peak good number of chert bands, quartzite and quartz vein in
Ä 422 (17°49':81°16'). Pandripani sector (23°30':83°30'). The central Pandripani
block hosts around 80 kg of gold in chert over 125 m
Bilaspur district strike length and down to 80 m depth with an average
grade of 1.4 gm/ton of Au. The placers in and around the
Porphyroblastic almandine occurs in mica schist and area host gold concentration, in the order of 0.2 to 1.00
hornblende schist, east of Tatedhar (22°34':81°53'), west gm/ton, over extensive areas in gravel beds. At Bangaon
of Bhoska (22°33':81°55') and south of Rupadand (22°32':83°54') crushing and panning of quartz vein
(22°42':81°56') material showed 0.99 gm/ton of Au.
Gariyaband district Kanker district
Semi-precious, red/pink transparent garnets occur in Primary gold mineralization has been found by GSI
pegmatites around Dhupkot (19°58':82°42'), Gohekela in quartz veins in sheared rhyolite and tuff in Gurwandi
(19°54':82°41') and NE of Latapara (19°55'; 82°40') in area (20°10':80°45'). In Sonadehi BIF zone
Deobhog area (19°53':82°40'). Besides, industrial variety (20°20':80°52') primary gold mineralization occurs in a
of garnet also occurs in association with corundum. hydrothermally altered zone over a length of 500 m.
Prospecting for gold mineralization through scout

GOLD drilling was conducted during FSP 2000-2004 in
Sheetalpur, Bhelwapani, Bejhar, Chachar and
Puromichgaon blocks of BIF Belt, Kanker district,
The state is endowed with some auriferous veins of
Chhattisgarh.
primary origin, but most of the occurrences fall under
residual and placer category. Total resources of gold ore
The area is located in the eastern margin of Kotri
(primary) are 900,000 tonnes with 2.7 tonnes of metal (I.
basin where rocks of Kotri Supergroup occur in contact
M. Y. Book, 2010).
with the rocks of Bailadila Group. Around 31 of old pits
were mapped in Bhelwapani block. The prospect was
Sukma district explored by pitting, trenching, channel sampling and
followed by limited drilling. The mineralization is
Small occurrences of alluvial gold are known in associated with sheared, silicified zone occurring near the
Kakur River near Sonpur (19042':81001'), in the Sabri contact of felsic and mafic rocks. From the available
River at Pushpal (18038':81053'), in the Kolab River at limited borehole data and trench data with 0.2 g/t cut off,
Kolar (19054':81012') and Pratapur (19059':80048'). the resources of the main N-S trending mineralized zone
Besides, gold is also reported from the placers of Kakar in Bhelwapani block has been estimated to be 605773.28
and Sabri rivers, and at Supnarghat areas. tonnes with gold of 462.48 kg with an average grade of
0.76 g/t. The true width of the mineralization is 2.256-6.2
m, for a strike length of 415m.
Bilaspur distrtict
In Bejhar block, the mineralization exposed in trench
Gold has been reported in the brecciated quartz veins No. BJT-3 (1.6ppm for 5m) was intersected in two
along a shear zone extending between Kosabani boreholes. The mineralization intersected in bore hole
(22°21':81°40') and Tingipur (22°17':81°51'). BJ-1 is from 70.20m to 71.00m with average grade of
0.58 g/t for 0.80m with maximum value of 1.2 g/t and
Durg district another one is from 81.60 to 83.60m with gold value of
1.4 g/t for 2m. The corresponding mineralized zone
An occurrence of primary gold in quartz vein near intersected in bore hole BJ-5 is between 133.10m to
Tappa (21°05':80°49') is reported. A sample from the vein 136.25m with gold value ranging from 0.2 to 6.0g/t
yielded about 1 gm/ton of gold. (average grade 1.2g/t for 3.15m)
43
In Puromichgaon block, surface trench samples Parveli block has been completed. The area is mostly
show gold with average grade of 0.35 g/t for 15m wide covered by laterite. A total of 5 boreholes, with a total of
zone. But the mineralization could not be traced at depth. 511meter drilling, have been completed. Logging of
boreholes indicated that boreholes mainly intersected
During the investigation for gold and base metal felsic volcanics and quartz vein with thin mafic bands.
mineralization in Sheetalpur and Bhelwapani blocks, a Felsic volcanic rock is silicified at places with thickness
number of old workings in the form of pits and vertical varying from a few mm to 50cm. Sulphides, mainly pyrite
shafts were located on a laterite mound to the northwest and arsenopyrite are found to occur disseminated in
of Parvelli village in toposheet number 64D/15, in the quartz veins. Analysis of core samples from boreholes
year 1996-97. PV-1, PV-4 and PV-5 analysed for Au & Ag value did not
show any encouraging results. Maximum gold value of
As a follow up, a two year programme was taken up 0.4 ppm, Ag - 1 ppm and As value from <1ppm to 30 ppm
to delineate target areas for gold mineralization in were recorded in borehole PV-2. In borehole PV-3, only
Parvelli area (H. Mishra et al. 2007). one sample has shown Au value of 0.23 ppm.
A total of 63 no. of old workings were mapped in a Exploration by drilling for gold mineralization in
small area of 100m X 50m by tape and compass and the Sonadehi prospect, Kanker district, Chhattisgarh (E-I
major axis of the old working cluster was found to be stage) was conducted during F. S. 1994-2000 to establish
N35°W-S35°E. zones of gold mineralization. The Sonadehi gold prospect
is located 20 km west of Bhanupratappur in the
In trench PV/T-1, a 14.0 m wide mineralized zone is northwestern part of Kanker district, Chhattisgarh. The
identified with 0.43 g/t Au. Trench PV/T-3 has seven prospect is 1275 m in length and around 400m in width.
sporadic zones of low grade mineralization with varying Banded magnetite chert (BMC), banded hematite chert
width from 0.5m to 1.5m and grade from 0.1 g/t Au to (BHC) and minor basics (belonging to the early
0.13 g/t Au. The target area can only assume economic Proterozoic BIF of Bailadila Group) are exposed in the
significance if it can be established through drilling that central part. Quartzites are seen to the east, whereas
there is increase in grade with depth. gabbro, ultramafics and ferruginous phyllites are exposed
to the west. The rocks strike N-S and are overturned with
Preliminary prospecting for gold mineralization in steep dips 70° to 80° towards east. Around 110 ancient
Tumrisur-Garda-Bhuski area (T.S.No.64D/15&16), west pits and 10 inclines are located over the area.
of Hahaladi Donger, Kanker district, Chhattisgarh was
conducted during 2005-06. In this area, gold occurs in Three well defined zones of gold mineralization each
the criss-cross quartz veins in the bimodal metavolcanics of 500m to 600m in length were delineated -(A) trending
in the Kotri rift zone belt. Apart from the above rocks, the N30° E-S30° W in the southern part (B) trending N-S in
other interesting lithic units found are conglomerates and the northern part and (C) trending N30E-S30W, parallel
the ripple marked tuff material. The weathering over to zone (A) running from SW to the central part. They all
burden is quite high in this area. Trenches put across the follow major zones of shearing, brecciation and
quartz veins in the detailed mapped area show consistent silicification.
gold values, but less than 1g/t. The soil samples were also
analysed to point out the auriferous laterite below. From limited borehole results an attempt has been
made to estimate the resource of mineralized zone (A).
In Kumarkatta -Gurpher block, four bore holes, with At 0.10g/t Au cutoff, the resource has been estimated to
a total of 522.30 meter drilling, have been completed. be 2283927.75 tonnes gold ore with 1608.014 kg of gold
Logging of boreholes indicated that the area is occupied with an average grade of 0.699 g/t Au for a strike length of
by a sequence of quartzite, banded chert, ferruginous 395 m and to an average vertical depth of 100m. The stage
phyllite, quartz chlorite schist and calc arenite of of exploration corresponds to G-3 stage of UNFC system
Bailadila Group of rocks and altered felsic volcanics of (Gautam Saha et al. 2008). At higher cut off of 0.6 g/t Au
Kotri Supergoup. Out of 84 core samples analysed from or above the resource has been estimated to be 217293.20
four boreholes, only two samples from borehole GP-1(A) tonnes with 1008.36 kg of gold with an average grade of
have indicated positive gold value of 0.13 g/t and 0.22 g/t 4.64 g/t Au for a strike length of 217m to an average
respectively while rest have gold value less than 100 ppb. vertical depth of 100m.
At Kumarkatta, pitting and trenching of 56 cu m in three
trenches have been completed. Analysis of rock samples
has indicated that only one, out of fifty six samples, has Raipur and Mahasamund districts
gold value of 0.11 g/t.
The Directorate of Geology and Mining,
Detailed geological mapping of 0.05 sq. km. in Government of Madhya Pradesh has estimated 2, 700 kg
44
of gold ore in a chert band in Sonakhan area. The average consumer of natural graphite. Minor quantities are also
grade is around 3 gm/ton of Au. used for making dry battery cells, paints and pencils.
Investigation for gold by drilling in Baghmara block, Sukma district

Sonakhan area, Raipur and Mahasamund districts,
Chhattisgarh in parts of T.S.No.64K/11 was conducted Graphite occurs associated with quartzite and
during FSP 2003-2007 (M.C.Patel et al. 2009). The area diopside gneiss on the west bank of Sabri River. Flaky
comprises the rocks of Sonakhan granite- greenstone graphite has been noted near Borakonde (18°31':81°14')
belt, such as mafic and felsic metavolcanics and rocks of and 3km SW of Kamaram (18°25':81°12'). Specks of
carbonate facies. The objective was to find out the graphite in quartzite are noticed at Palachelama
westward extension of the 630m quartz vein explored by (18°02':81°07') and Bote Tongu (18°11':81°02')
DGM, Chhattisgarh. The boreholes show that in the
eastern part, there are isolated Au values of 0.2 g/t but the Raigarh district
boreholes in the western part show the continuation of the
above quartz veins and values up to maximum 1.7g/t Au. About 5 km NW of Chandgaon, graphite occurs
The interesting finding was the carbonaceous horizon alongwith the veins and clusters of pegmatite traversing
around 100m depth in all the boreholes put in the western muscovite granite.
part. The samples taken below the carbonaceous zone
give good gold values. This horizon is associated with Raipur district
chert and the mafic and the felsic volcanic rocks.
Graphite occurs as specks and stringers in
An auriferous quartz vein was explored for gold by khondalites near Kartpadar (19°59':82°39') and Limpara
DGM, Chhattisgarh during 1981-90 in this block. The (19°57':82°43').
work by GSI was taken up to delineate zones of gold
mineralization in deeper levels and to find out the western Surguja district
continuity of the mineralization.
Graphite schist occurs as lenses in association with
Borehole BM-I intersected the vein at 160m level and quartzite and schists at Kennapara (23°37':83°15'),
borehole BM-2 intersected it at 150m level. Borehole Manikpur (23°40':83°29'), Khobi (23°37':83°24') and
BM-1 intersected four additional zones with widths Tolkipara (23°37':83°18'). Graphite is flaky and the
varying from 1.55m to 13.90m and grades from 0.2g/t to estimated resources are of 2350 tonnes.
0.36g/t. Similarly, BM-2 intersected five additional zones
varying in width from 1.0m to 4.05m and grades varying IRON ORE
from 0.17g/t to 0.85 g/t. Out of the five first level
boreholes (60m level) towards NNW, BM-3 intersected Chhattisgarh is the leading producer of iron ore. The
four additional zones of mineralization with widths annual production of iron ore from the state, in 1999-
varying from 1.0m to 15.90m and grades varying from 2001, was 18.58 million tonnes, out of which 99.6% came
0.18 g/t to 3.3 g/t. Three more boreholes towards NNW from Bastar, Dantewara, Balod and Durg districts. The
have intersected two mineralized zones each. grade of haematitic iron ore varies, generally, from 55%
to 62% Fe. There is practically no sizeable deposit of
Resource estimation has been attempted with the magnetitic iron ore in the state, though minor occurrences
results of four surface trenches and six boreholes. At of magnetite quartzite are found as enclaves within
0.10g/t Au cutoff, the resource has been estimated to be granitic gneiss in the Bengpal Group of Bastar district.
1898825.36 tonnes of ore with 1196.117 kg of gold with Total resources of iron ore (Haematite) in the state are of
an average grade of 0.778g/t Au for a strike length of 3291.824 million tonnes (I. M. Y. Book, 2011 adv.
645.5m and to an average vertical depth of 136m. release).
Bastar and Dantewara districts

Large deposits of haematitic iron ore occur in the
In Amner river valley, near Khairagarh and Kotri Bailadila range extending over a length of 35 km, and in
rivers, placers contain alluvial gold. the Rowghat range. The total estimated recoverable
reserves are 819 million tonnes. A total of 14 deposits
have been demarcated in the Bailadila iron ore range
GRAPHITE (18°36'-18°44':81°11'-81°14'). About 28km NNW of
Narainpur (19°43':81°15'), large deposits of iron ore
The crucible and foundry industry is the major occur in Rowghat range (19°52':81°13') which is
45
geologically the northern continuation of the Bailadila DGM has established 0.174 mt of high grade
range of iron ore. The main deposits are at Rowghat and haematite resources in Rowghat area, Dantewada district.
Ari Dongri (20°03':81°00'), the other smaller deposits are NMDC in Bailadila Deposit Nos.11 B and 14 B, BIOM
exposed around Penuir Dongri (19°52':81°03'), has estimated as on 1.4.2009 a total of 180.89 mt and at
Mundatikra (19°28':81°19') and Hahaladi deposit No.11 an estimate of 60.40 mt of haematite.
(20°13':80°55'). In Rowghat area, six deposits A, B, C, D,
E and F, have been demarcated with a total estimated Durg and Balod districts
reserve of 661 million tonnes with 60.29% to 64.32% Fe
(average from all the six deposits being 59.72% Fe). An estimated recoverable reserve of 219 million
Another 48 million tonnes of ore with +60% Fe have been tonnes of iron ore with 68 to 69% Fe occurs in the Durg
estimated from Chhota Dongar (19°29':81°20'). Total and Balod districts, which is the captive resource of the
resource of 1839 million tonnes iron ore of all grades has Bhilai Steel Plant. The most important deposits are those
been estimated. of Dalli (20°34':81°06') having pockets of haematite
developed in banded haematite quartzite extending over
Preliminary investigation for low grade iron ore was 32 km length. At Kalwar (20°26':80°59') and Kaucher
conducted in Aridongri area, Kanker district, (20°29':81°00'), 16 small promising deposits occur,
Chhattisgarh in parts of T.S. No. 64H/03 during F.S. which extend upto Bastar District. The tentative resource
2006-08 and 2009-10 (D.K.Thawait et al. 2011). The is of the order of 244 million tonnes. Some other deposits,
item was sponsored by Chhattisgarh Mineral having possible resources of 20 and 50 million tonnes
Development Corporation. occur at Kohan and Mahamaya, respectively.
The area constitutes metapelite, micaschist, SAIL has estimated the iron ore (Haematite) as
quartzite, quartz mica schist, amphibolites, BIF, phyllite, follows: Rajhara, Durg district: a total of 30.76 mt iron
metabasics and granite gneiss of Bengpal group of ore, Dalli (Kondekasa), Durg district, 28.36 mt,
Archaean age and gabbro dyke, dolerite dyke, quartz and Jharandalli, Durg district, 7.73 mt. At Dalli 3.31 mt
aplite veins of Palaeoproterozoic age. Iron ore band, soil resources estimated. (I. M. Y. Book, 2009)
with float ore, soil with scree of BIF and lateritic soil of
Cenozoic age occur in the area. Rajnandgaon district
Analytical results of trench channel and grab The total possible estimated resources of iron ore are
samples have shown good values with Fe upto 69.6025% 4.2 million tonnes.
with Al2O3 and SiO2 within permissible limits. A resource
of 410.01148 million tonnes of iron ore has been Raigarh district:
estimated in three blocks. Average grade of Fe for the
entire deposit is 62.28%, where as the average grades of A minor occurrence of iron ore has been reported near
SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, P2O5 and S for the entire deposit are Narsinghgarh (23°43':77°05')
4.48%, 2.78%,0.0043%,0.13% and 0.04% respectively.
JADE
As per United Nations Framework of classification
(UNFC), Aridongri Iron ore prospect is associated with Surguja district
stratabound type of deposits of regular habit (Type-I).
The investigation has proved the presence of 10.01148 Occurrences of jade are found to the west of Damruh
million tones of iron ore resource with the average grade (23°55':82°58'). Olive green variety of Jade occurs to the
of 62.28% Fe and hence it has been codified as 333 stage NW of Kisaree (23°52':82°57')
of UNFC.
KYANITE
During 2008-09, GSI carried out investigation for
iron ore in Parwi area, Kanker district, Chhattisgarh in Bastar district
BIF at four locations. Analytical results of grab samples
indicated 67.88 to 69.30% Fe. Minor occurrences of kyanite, noticed in schists and
gneisses of Bengpal Group and in pelitic schists of Mura-
DGM, Chhattisgarh in 2008-09 conducted Ka-Gutta (18°05':81°19')
exploration for iron ore by mapping and sampling in
Rowghat area, Kanker district and in north Bailadila area, LIMESTONE
Dantewara district. In Rawghat area 0.174 mt of high
grade haematite resources were estimated with an iron Chhattisgarh produces 0.55 m tonnes of limestone
ore content of 64.37%. with 3% of national production. A total resource of
46
9037.689 million tonnes has been estimated (I.M.Y. The estimated recoverable reserves of limestone in
Book, 2010) in Chhattisgarh. Rich and extensive deposits the district are 1634 million tons.
of limestone are found mainly in Bilaspur, Rajnandgaon,
Durg, Raipur and Bastar districts. Durg district:
Bastar district In Nandini area of Durg district, the strike length of

limestone deposit was found to be 1500 m. A total
The major limestone belts are: - resource estimated was 104.86mt (93.13mt of BF grade
and 11.73mt of refractory grade, as on 1.4.2009. The main
(i) Kanker limestone belt extends over a length of limestone bearing areas are Semaria (21°25':81°26'),
30km from Dhurvaras (18°57':81°50') to Kotamsor Nawapara (21°12':81°16'), Khapri (20°52':81°03'),
(18°53':81°55') and further east. Around 820 million Achhoti (21°19':81°28') and Nandini-Kumudini
tonnes of cement grade limestone and around 14 million (21°23':81°23'). The limestone reserves are confined to
tonnes of flux-grade limestone occur in this belt. the Chhattisgarh Group. The total estimated recoverable
limestone reserves in the district are 872 million tons.
ii) Pakela limestone belt of 5 km stretch, located near
Jagdalpur (19°05':82°02'), where around 80 million Raigarh district
tonnes of cement grade limestone occurs.
The main limestone bearing areas are Sarangarh
iii) Manjhi Dongri, a total of 120 million tonnes of (21°35':83°05'), Banipathar (22°00':83°11'), Timariaga,
cement grade limestone has been estimated. Lalaghukha and Jharapdih (22°00':83°03'). The total
estimated recoverable limestone reserve of the Raigarh
iv) Potnar (19°07':81°53') - Barangi (19°10':81°49') district is 61.2 million tons.
belt of 8 km stretch, located at a distance of about 30 km
from Jagdalpur on Jagdalpur-Chitrakut road. A total of 45 Raipur district
million tonnes of cement grade limestone occur in this
belt. The main limestone bearing areas are Jhirpa (21° 35':
81°59'), Rawan (21°34' , 82°00') Pendri area ( 21° 34':
A small part of the limestone of the major belts is of 81°58'), Fargada (21°44':81°57'), Nipania (21°50':
BF and SMS grades. The rest of the limestone reserves 82°03'), Karhi Chandi (21°37':82°03'), Sondadih
come from other belts- Bebrapal, Golinadi, Netanar (21°45':82°12'), Gaitra (21°41':82°07'), Amlidih (21°
(18°35':81°52'), Gudra (18°34':81°49'), Botaras 43':82°02') Arjuni (21°41':82°03') Turma (21°41':
(18°28':81°43'). 82°01'), Jantar and Bahesar (21°30':81°48') confined to
Chhattisgarh Group. The estimated recoverable reserves
The estimated recoverable reserves of Bastar district of limestone in Raipur District are 2373 million tonnes
are of the order of 1476.8 million tonnes of all grades. (IBM- 2002 data).
Bilaspur and Janjgir Champa districts After 2002, DGM has established about 11mt of
cement grade limestone resources in Raipur district. In
A total of about 20.7mt resources and 18.07 mt Deugaon-Kurra area in Raipur district 2.82 mt of cement
mineable reserves of lime stone were estimated in Hirri grade limestone and 1.26 mt of low grade limestone
block, Bilaspur district. resources have been estimated.
Extensive deposits of BF grade limestone are present Rajnandgaon district

in the district. Best development of limestone, belonging
to Chhattisgarh Group, is seen near Akaltara Around 63 million tones (IBM- 2000 data) of cement
(22°02':82°52'), where 5 to 7m thick limestone band and lower grade limestone have been estimated from
extends for a considerable distance. 678 million tonnes of Rajnandgaon district, with 25million tonnes of cement
flux grade limestone are available near Akaltara grade limestone in Charvata (21°52':81°15') area and 5
(22°02':82°25'), Chilhati (21°47':82°19'), Arasmeta million tonnes of cement and lower grade limestone in
(21°57':82°20'), Mohtara (22°00':82°17'), Akshatara Muripar area (21°12':81°08'). Apart from this, deposits of
(22°02':82°25'), Bargaon (22°02'30":82°26'30"), Rank limestone are also reported from Kawardha tehsil near
(22°06':82°17'), Khaira (22°01':82°17'), Latia Lohara (21°50':81°07').
(22°01':82°24'), Deragarh (21°58':82°50') and
Jayramnagar (22°02':82°18'). A total of about 20.7mt After 2000, DGM has established 2.46 mt of low
resources and 18.07 mt mineable reserves of limestone grade limestone resources in Rajnandgaon districts. In
were estimated in Hirri block, Bilaspur district. Tekapara-Kalkasa area of Rajnandgaon district 8.27mt of
47
cement grade limestone and 1.20mt of low grade (18°54':81°32'). The occurrence is not of economic
limestone resources have been estimated. significance.
Surguja district Bilaspur district
A small deposit of cement grade limestone occurs at Lepidolite occurs in muscovite granite near Garhtora
Devipur (5 km south of Surajpur). (22°31':81°39'). Books of biotite and green mica within
schist are noticed SSW of Nawapara (22°38':82°00'). The
MANGANESE width of the outcrop is 500m and length is 2.5 km.
Bilaspur district Raigarh district
Manganese minerals are found scattered on the Lepidolite has been reported from pegmatite veins in
eastern slope of a hill, 1.5 km northeast of Ratanpur parts of Dharamjaygarh tehsil of Raigarh district. The
(22°16':82°13'), near Newasa (22°15':82°16') and area is bounded by latitude (22°30' to 22°37') and
Kamarakhol (22°19':81°26'). longitude (83°30' to 83°45').
MAGNESITE MOLYBDENUM
Sukma district Raipur and Dhamtari districts
Near Nendra (17°57':81°23'), veinlets of magnesite Molybdenite occurs as specks in pegmatite and pink
are found to be associated with asbestos and talc in an granite in Sukhipali area and on the southwestern flank of
intrusive ultrabasic body. 415 hill (21°08':82°34') respectively. It also occurs in
granodiorites at 0.5 km N50°E of Dendupadar (19°56':
MICA 82°26') and 1 km S25°W of Usrijor (19°57':82°28')
Bastar district
NICKEL
Lepidolite is an important raw material for lithium. It
is lithium-bearing mica associated with pegmatites. Bastar district
Commercial lepidolite contains 3 to 4% Li2O. Minor
occurrences of lepidolite are found near Mundval Nickel associated with chromite has been detected in
(18°39':81°50'), Jungani (19°55':81°49') and Kenkapal ultramafic rocks, from south of Marbera (19°47':80°39'),
(18°36':81°50') in association with pegmatites. At NNE of Kanhargaon (19°50':80°29'), northwest of hill
Mundval, lepidolite occurs as boulders and also insitu 427, south of 441 hill, Benur (19°45':80°36'), south of
within pegmatites. One of the deposits of lepidolite Chhote Bethia (19°51':80°38') and east of Benur (19°45':
occurs about 450 m south of Mundval and extends 80°36') Values of nickel and chromium vary from 175
westwards for about 325 m. A rich occurrence is noted on ppm to >1000 ppm.
the face of the hill, 700 m southwest of Mundval. The
lepidolite is confined to a 5 m wide zone in the central part Rajnandgaon district
of the pegmatite. A sample has analysed Li2O-2.56%, and
F-3.67%, and it also contains a fair amount of rubidium Nickel has been reported from soil samples from
and a little caesium. Dhana (21°46':80°40') having 0.10 to 0.14% Ni. Nickel
and cobalt incidences have also been noted in the area
Plates of muscovite, measuring 10 cm to 12 cm south of Kaurikasa (20°43':80°44'). Two samples
across, were found in a coarse grained granitoid rock analysed show 30 ppm and 90 ppm Ni and 30 ppm Co.
exposed in the Baordhig River, south of Jungani
(19°55':81°49'). The occurrence however is not
economic. Flakes of mica, occurring 2.5 km west of OCHRE
Maita, are 3.5 cm to 5 cm in width and are along the
contact of mica schist with quartz vein. It is associated Bastar district
with tourmaline and garnet. The quantity is not sufficient
and is uneconomical. The iron ore deposits of the Bailadila range of Bastar
district are associated with thick deposits of yellow and
Mica has been reported to occur in pegmatites red ochres. Their suitability for industrial use has not yet
between Adwal (18°55':81°40') and Kondagaon been ascertained.
48
Durg district POTASH
Red and yellow ochre of good quality, suitable for Raipur District
paint and colour wash, occurs near Dongaria
(21°51':80°52'), Gandai (21°39':81°06'), Thakur Tala Gunderdehi Shale of Raipur Group has been reported
(21°39':81°02') and Garra (21°55':80°55'). to contain grains of glauconite near Kesla
(21°35':82°09'), Bhainsa (21°24':82°01') and Halwai
Raigarh district Khapri (21°39':82°12'). Glauconite is noticed in arkose
and quartzite at Tamtora (21°29':83°00').
Minor occurrences of ochre are found in Baherna
(23°19':83°58'), Kukuria (23°16':83°17'), Noapani Pahar Rajnandgaon district
(23°08':83°34') and Gaipura (23°02':83°34').
Orthoquartzite of Chandrapur Formation of
Surguja district Chhattisgarh Supergroup contains glauconite near
Jungera (20°45':81°11'), Balagaon (20°57':80°52'),
Minor occurrences of ochre are found in Beruli Barapara (20°52':81°01'), Marwapathra (20°51':80°58'),
(23°55':82°13'). Mundatola (20°48':81°00'), Dhangao (20°49':81°02') and
Bendarchua (20°50':80°59'). At Marwapathra and
Belgaon, the accessory glauconite and rock fragments
PHOSPHORITE
make 3% to 5% of the rock.
Phosphorite occurs in Charmuria Limestone of
Raipur Group in Chhattisgarh Basin, Raipur, Durg and
QUARTZ
Rajnandgaon districts.
The total resources in the state are 1466000 tonnes (I.
Raipur-Durg-Rajnandgaon districts
M. Y. Book, 2010), the main resource is located to the
western part of Rajnandgaon district.
Rock phosphate occurs within the Charmuria
Limestone of Raipur Group in Chhattisgarh Basin. The
important locations are Kharkara canal section
RADIOACTIVE MINERALS
(20°49':81°04'), Kurum nala section (21°16':82°08'),
Acholi (20°53':81°03'), Raipura (20°49':81°06')
Bastar district
Semridih (20°50':81°04'), Karanddih (20°48':81°06'),
Arajkund (20°53':80°58') and Khapri (20°52':81°03').
High GM counter values are reported over some
These horizons are 2.5m to 8 m thick, and the P2O5
pegmatites (2500 to 3000 against background value of
content varies from 0.55% to 9.0% except in Kharkara 1200 counts/second), near Yenchawada (18°46':81°31')
canal section where the P2O5 percentage varies from and Raiguda (18°47':80°31'). In Panchangi area
0.55% to 29%. The grade is low and there is no (20°08':84°43'), readings up to 1000 counts/second on
consistency in thickness or grade. high scale were consistently found over the rhyolitic
rocks. Panning tests carried out in the Sabri River at
Investigation (G4) for assessment of Phosphorite in Pushpal (18°38':81°53') indicated the presence of
Kharenadih-Bhargaon-Sambalpur area in Durg district, monazite.
Chhattisgarh was conducted during FS 2009-10 in parts
of T.S.No.64H/1 (Praveer Pankaj, 2011). The area
exposes rocks of Charmuria Formation of Raipur Group Rajnandgaon district
of Chhattisgarh Supergroup comprising cherty limestone
& clay. Large scale mapping of 33 sq km and drilling of Atomic Mineral Division has carried out detailed
605.30 m was conducted in the area. A total of 601 exploration for radioactive minerals in sheared
samples were analysed for P2O5, FeO, Fe2O3, SiO2, Al2O3, metabasites and rhyolites near Bhandaritola (20°43':
CaO. Phosphorite was tested on drill site by using 80°41') and Bodal (20°40':80°46').
Shapiro's solution. Results of 455 of core samples indicate
P2O5 content from 0.1% to 10.98%. Five zones were
demarcated in the clay bent. The average content of P2O5 Surguja district
in different boreholes is 5.64%, 6.04%, 4.50%, 6.12% and
7.56%. With a cut off value of 4%, the total resource has Carbonatite (?) is suspected in granite porphyry
been estimated to be is 5.835824 million tones. As per occurring around Kudartola (23°14':83°25') which shows
UNFC, the resource can be categorized as 334. high incidences of radioactive value.
49
RUBY The total resources of soapstone, talc and steatite in

the state are of the order of 108000 tonnes (I.M.Y. Book,
Surguja district 2010)
Very small quantities of ruby with sillimanite are TALC-STEATITE

reported near Kariapal (18°18':81°32') in Surguja
district. Kanker district
SCHEELITE Occurrences of steatite has been reported by DGM,

MP, near Nangul (19°01':81°26') village of
Raigarh and Jashpur districts Bhanupratappur Tehsil where preliminary investigation
has indicated about 0.5 million tonnes of resource. The
Tungsten (scheelite) mineralisation is noticed analyses indicate MgO 27.42%, SiO2 56.12%, Al2O3
between Lawakera (22°23':84°00') in the east and 3.7%, Fe2O3 7.3%, CaO 0.12% and L.O.I. 5.05%.
Dumaria (22°26':83°47') over a distance of about 15 km
in the form of sporadic disseminations. Richer Raigarh district
disseminations are seen only at Junwain (22°24':83°57'),
Sajbahar (22°27':83°56'), Sikirma (22°27':83°50') areas. Pockets and linear bodies of talc and talc-tremolite
The individual thickness of scheelite- bearing veins schist occur southeast of Pathalgaon, near Pangsuwan
varies between a few cm and 1 m. The tungsten value and at Pitha Ama. The bulk samples have been
varies from 40 ppm to 6.5%. undertaken for beneficiation tests at RRL, Jammu.
SILLIMANITE Total resource of talc-steatite in the state is 25000

tonnes (IBM- 2002 data).
This alumino-silicate mineral possesses properties
similar to those of natural mullite. This is used as high- THERMAL SPRINGS
alumina refractory mineral.
Son valley sector
Bastar district
Geothermal activity manifests itself in the Son valley
Sillimanite is found at Samsatta (18°18':81°30') and sector in the form of thermal springs at Tattapani and Jhor
Kaulapal (18°18':81°32') associated with schists and in Surguja district. At Tattapani (23°41':83°43'), a number
quartzites. The estimated resources are 17,000 tonnes. of hot springs occur.
Surguja district At least an area of 4 x 0.5 sq km around Tattapani is

thermally anomalous. The geothermal activity at
A small occurrence of sillimanite has been noted in Tattapani is intense with springs discharging hot waters at
sericite-quartz schist near Duari (23°35':83°29') and temperature ranging between 34°C and 98°C. The
Chemi (23°31':83°17'). cumulative discharge of these springs is 3,600
litres/minute. Siliceous sinter is observed around the
thermal springs at Tattapani and the drill hole cores from
SOAPSTONE this place show the presence of pyrite, chalcopyrite,
stilbite and laumontite. Thermal water discharging from
Durg district the drill holes is at the temperature of 100°C. Chemical
geothermometry points to the possibility of having base
Soapstone is reported in west of Kilakora temperature of 160±10°C in the Tattapani geothermal
(20°41':81°02'). It is found in pocket varying from 1m to field.
2.5 m in thickness. It is dark grey and pink in colour.
Small pockets of this material are found near Khursi, At Jhor, the thermal spring is at a temperature of 40°-
Tikul and Gondi. The last one is being exploited. 43°C. The cumulative discharge of the thermal spring at
Jhor is 40 litres/minute.
Kabirdham district
TIN
Near Chilpi in the Kawardha Tehsil (22°00':81°41'),
soapstone occurs in Bandarmutta hill. The rock analyses Tin is found in the form of cassiterite mineral in the
SiO2 61.66%, Al2O3 0.88%, Fe2O3 0.59%, CaO 0.14%, pegmatites and in alluvial soil being derived from these
MgO 32.87% and Alkalies 0.35%. pegmatites in Bastar district. The total resources of 32.62
50
million tonnes of tin ore and 14448.89 tonnes of metal Three distinct zones of cassiterite-bearing pegmatites
have been estimated in the State (I.M.Y. Book, 2010). occur in Bastar district.
Bastar and Sukma districts (i) A 15 km long belt of zoned pegmatites from
Churwada (18°44':81°53') and Govindpal
Primary mineralisation of tin ore occurring as (18°42':81°54') to Mundval (18°39':81°56').
cassiterite (with Niobium and Tantalum), in the form of
(ii) A 15 km long belt from Mundaguda of Orissa to
discrete crystals and fine disseminations is
Pushpal (18°38':81°53') to Kudripal (18°41':81°51').
predominantly confined to the pegmatites traversing
mafic sills and dykes emplaced in Bengpal meta- (iii) A 15 km long belt from Bhimsen River to
sediments. Cassiterite also occurs as small lenticular Bodavada (18°44':81°55') to Bedhanpal to Tongpal
veinlets in the quartz core of zoned pegmatites and in (18°44':81°44').
association with quartz veins near Jangarpal
(18°40':81°54') and Pushpal (18°38':81°53'). The total resources of colluvial tin ore, as estimated
by GSI, are 28.63 million tonnes, which is equivalent to
Secondary mineralisation has been found in the 5628 tonnes of tin metal. Geological Survey of India
alluvial, colluvial and elluvial horizons lying close to the carried out exploration in Bodovada-Kate-Kalyan area
pegmatite outcrops in Kudripal (18°41':81°51'), and estimated a tin-metal resource of 12,700 tonnes.
Bendarpal (18°41':81°48'), Govindpal (18°42':81°54')
and Bodavada (18°44':81°55'). The zone of colluvium SLIME BENEFICIATION AND PELLETISATION
extends over a length of about 25km and its width varies STUDIES:
from 750 metres to 1 km. It has been found extending to
the northeast of Tongpal (18°44':81°44') upto Slime beneficiation and pelletisation studies
Kumarupara (18°40':81°53') with a width of about 500 m. (NMDC): Processing of iron ore at Bailadila results in
Cassiterite mineralisation associated with pegmatite generation of huge amount of slime which are usually
veins have been reported from Rani nala around Jalapara dumped near the mine site. The Bailadila slime samples
(18°50':81°39'), Kapanar (18°15':81°39') and Dharapara that assayed iron, silica and alumina content as 61.0%,
(18°50':80°48'). 7.33%, & 1.8% respectively, after beneficiation were
upgraded to 66.0%, 1.9% &1.0% respectively with 70 to
The tin content of granite and metasediments in the 75% recovery. BF grade and DR grade pellets were
Tandur-Kakalpur area and in Jhiram Valley analysed 47 produced in pot grate furnace from the slime concentrate.
to 57 ppm of tin, which clearly establishes the staniferous The slime concentrates hence were found suitable for
nature of Bastar granitoid rocks. In Katekalyan area, in pellet making. Encouraged by the above studies, NMDC
Bothapara block (18°47':81°38'), four pegmatite zones Ltd is setting up a 2.0 & 1.2 million tonnes capacity
with an aggregate strike length of 2 km were delineated. beneficiation and pelletisation plant at Bailadila. Slime
The grade varies between 0.06% and 0.14% Sn. will be the raw material for the proposed plant.
51
Table - 17. MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES OF CHHATTISGARH

The important large and medium scale mineral based industries in the organized sector in the state of Chhattisgarh are
furnished below (Indian Mineral Year Book, 2009)
Sl.No Industry Plant Capacity('000tones)
1. Aluminium Bharat Aluminium Co. Ltd, Korba 200(Alumina), 350(Aluminium)
2. Cement ACC Ltd, Jamul, dist Durg 1580
3. Cement Ambuja Cement Ltd, Rawan, dist. Raipur 1146
4. Cement CCI LTD, Akaltara, Dist. Janjgir-Champa 400
5. Cement CCI, Mandhar, Dist:Raipur 380
6. Cement Ultra Tech Cement ltd, Hirmi, Dist. raipur 1600
7. Cement Century Cement, Baikunth, Dist, Raipur 2100
8. Cement Grasim Cement, Rawan, Dist: Raipur Ltd, 2500
9. Cement Lafarge India Pvt.Ltd, Arasmeta, 2240

Dist: janjgir, Champa
10. Cement Lafarge India Pvt. Ltd, Sonadih, dist: Raipur 400
11. Ferilizer DEC Fertilizers, Sirgitti, Dist : Bilaspur 66(SSP)
13. Ferilizer Dharamsi Moraji Chemical Co. Ltd, 183(SSP & H2SO4)
Kumhari, Dist : Durg
13. Ferilizer Jairam Phosphate Ltd, 66(SSP),49.5%(H2SO4)

Farahad, Dist: Rajnandgaon
14. Iron & Steel Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai 6334(Sinters),4700(Pig iron), 3153 (Salable steel),
30(Refractory bricks), 45(H2SO4), 53.2 (Amm. Sulphate)
15. Iron & Steel Jindal Steel & Power, Raigarh 1600 (Hot metal), 1370 (Sponge iron), 36 (Ferro chrome)
16. Iron & Steel Jayaswal NECO Industries Ltd, 750 (Pig iron), 400 (sponge iron), 800 (sinter), 400(Steel)
Siltara, Dist : Raipur
17. Iron & Steel Sarda Energy& Minerals Ltd. 360 (sponge Iron), 240(Finished steel),
60 MVA(Ferro Alloys)
18. Sponge Iron A.P.I. Ispat & Power tech 105

Pvt. Ltd, Siltara billets, Raipur
19. Sponge Iron Arti Sponge & Power 45

Ltd. Siltara, Dist; Raipur
20. Sponge Iron Godavari Ispat & Power Ltd, Siltara, raipur 495
21. Ferro Alloys Alok Ferro Allows Ltd., Urla, Raipur 11
22 Ferro Alloys Nav-chrome Ltd, Urla, dist; Raipur 50
23. Ferro Alloys Indsil Energy & Electro Chemical Ltd, 24

Urla, Dist Raipur
24. Ferro Alloys Hira Power & Steel Chemical Ltd, 17

Urla, Dist Raipur
25. Refractory Bharat Refractory Ltd 60
26. Silicon carbide Crucible M.P.Carbon (Pvt) Ltd, Raipur NA
52
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57
LOCALITY INDEX
Latitude (N) Longitude (E)
Name of the place
Degrees Minutes Degrees Minutes
Achanakpali 21° 28' 83° 06'

Achhati 21° 19' 81° 28'
Acholi 20° 53' 81° 03'
Adwal 18° 55' 81° 40'
Akalsona 21° 55' 82° 51'
Akaltara 22° 02' 82° 52'
Akshatara 22° 02' 82° 25'
Alga 22° 35' 83° 35'
Amabera 20° 04' 81° 20'
Amapani 23° 43' 82° 33'
Amaratipur 23° 43' 82° 32'
Ambanera 20° 04' 81° 20'
Ambikapur 23° 04' 82° 56'
Amgaon 21° 22' 80° 24'
Amlai 23° 12' 81° 35'
Amlidih 21° 43' 82° 02'
Amritdhara 23° 40' 82° 30'
Angarpal 18° 40' 81° 54'
Anjree 19° 57' 80° 40'
Anuppur 23° 07' 81° 42'
Arajhar 21° 56' 83° 18'
Arajkund 20° 53' 80° 58'
Arand 22° 30' 81° 55'
Arasmata 21° 57' 82° 20'
Ari dongri 20° 03' 81° 00'
Arjkund 20° 53' 80° 53'
Arjunda 21° 16' 83° 01'
Arjuni 21° 41' 82° 03'
Bagduar 20° 56' 80° 43'

Bagicha 22° 58' 83° 38'
Bahradih 20° 13' 82° 11'
Baherna 23° 19' 83° 58'
Bahesar 21° 30' 81° 48'
Bahmni 21° 55' 81° 16'
Baikunthpur 23° 13' 82° 24'
Bailadala (RH) 18° 44' 81° 15'
Baimapara 22° 09' 82° 12'
Balagaon 20° 57' 80° 52'
Baloda Bazar 21° 39' 82° 10'
Bamhani 23° 38' 83° 27'
Bamni 23° 14' 81° 48'
Bamnidih 21° 26' 82° 53'
Banda-Maita (Konta) 24° 39' 79° 19'
Bande 19° 56' 80° 33
Bandhanpara 20° 06' 81° 25
Bandogarh 23° 32' 81° 02'
Baneya 22° 43' 83° 31'
58

Name of the place
Bangaon 22° 32' 83° 54’

Bangora 22° 27' 81° 08'
Banipathar 22° 00' 83° 11'
Bantoli 22° 35' 84° 00'
Baradwar 21° 57' 82° 48'
Baramdev Dongri 22° 08' 81° 10'
Barangi 19° 10' 81° 49'
Barapani 20° 52' 81° 02'
Barapara 20° 52' 81° 01'
Barbhata 22° 39' 82° 33'
Barima 22° 45' 83° 18
Barsur 19° 08' 01° 23'
Baruli 23° 55' 80° 13'
Bateri 24° 02' 76° 45'
Baya 21° 19' 82° 34'
Bejharipadar 19° 02' 81° 51'
Belghurti 22° 45' 84° 02'
Belhadih 21° 58' 82° 50'
Bendarchua 20° 50' 80° 59'
Bendarpal 18° 41' 81° 48'
Bengpal 18° 48' 81° 46'
Benur 19° 45' 80° 36'
Beradih 20° 13' 82° 11'
Beruli 23° 55' 82° 13'
Berur 19° 45' 80° 36'
Bhainsa 21° 24' 82° 01'
Bhainsa Kanhar 23° 06' 79° 26'
Bhamni (Baumnee) 23° 38' 83° 27'
Bhandaritola 20° 43' 80° 41'
Bhanupratappur 20° 18' 81° 04'
Bhanwar 20° 57' 80° 36'
Bharbamura 22° 25' 82° 20'
Bhatapara 21° 44' 81° 57'
Bhegi 18° 02' 81° 19'
Bhelai 23° 14' 83° 22'
Bhilai 21° 09' 81° 57'
Bhopal patanam 18° 51' 81° 23'
Bhopalpatnam 18° 52' 80° 23'
Bhormi 22° 38 83° 27'
Bhoska 22° 33' 81° 55'
Bhursi 19° 05' 82° 17'
Bhursi (Tin) 19° 04' 82° 16'
Bhutidand 21° 53' 82° 52'
Bijapur 18° 47' 80° 49'
Bijuri 23° 15' 82° 07’
Bilaspur 22° 05' 82° 09'
Bimalta 22° 39' 82° 58'
Biora 21° 54' 76° 55'
Birhor Pat 23° 24' 83° 55'
Bisanpur 22° 30' 82° 35'
Bishrampur 23° 11' 82° 58'
Bisnar nala 22° 48' 82° 34'
59

Name of the place
Bodai 22° 26' 81° 11'

Bodal 20° 40' 80° 46'
Bodavada 18° 44' 81° 55'
Bodhanpara 20° 06' 81° 25'
Bondho 20° 27' 82° 55'
Bonpur 22° 50' 83° 48'
Borakonde 18° 31' 81° 14'
Bortalao 21° 13' 80° 37'
Botaras 18° 28' 81° 43'
Bote Tongu 18° 11' 81° 02'
Bothapara 18° 47' 81° 38'
Budhiarmari 20° 09' 81° 19'
Burasiji 19° 10' 81° 49'
Burguddem 18° 19' 81° 28'
Burhar 23° 13' 81° 32'
Chandarpur 21° 42' 83° 14'

Chandenar 18° 49' 81° 24'
Chandgaon 19° 41' 81° 23'
Chandi Dongri 21° 05' 80° 38'
Chandiya 23° 40' 80° 43'
Chandrapur 22° 03' 83° 32'
Chapri 22° 06' 81° 10'
Charakuta 21° 18' 83° 12'
Charbhata 21° 06' 80° 35'
Charhat Pat 23° 26' 83° 54'
Charpi 22° 06' 81° 10'
Charvata 21° 52' 81° 15'
Chektipanu 22° 44' 81° 47'
Chemi 23° 31' 83° 17'
Cherbera 20° 04' 81° 26'
Chhal 22° 37' 83° 35'
Chhan 24° 00' 75° 07'
Chhatana 22° 02' 82° 02'
Chhatarpur 23° 43' 83° 23'
Chhota Bethia 19° 51' 80° 38'
Chhota Dongar 19° 29' 81° 20'
Chichola 21° 17' 80° 55'
Chichori 21° 05' 80° 35'
Chikpalle 18° 16' 81° 33'
Chilhati 21° 47' 82° 19'
Chilpighat 22° 10' 81° 07'
Chimtapani 22° 18' 83° 26'
Chnchoni 21° 05' 80° 35'
Chintalnar 18° 21' 81° 11'
Chirmiri 23° 11' 82° 22'
Chitapandaria 21° 57' 82° 51'
Chitrakot 19° 12' 81° 42'
Chiwrakuta 21° 10' 83° 13'
Chontmar 22° 19' 82° 59'
Churcha 23° 20 82° 34'
60

Name of the place
Churwada 18° 44' 81° 53'

Chutai 23° 22' 83° 52'
Dabka 21° 24' 80° 58'

Daldali 22° 24' 81° 11'
Dalli 20° 34' 81° 06'
Damitola 22° 41' 81° 08'
Damruh 23° 55' 82° 58'
Danitola 22° 41' 81° 08'
Dantewara 18° 48' 81° 24'
Dendupadar 19° 56' 82° 26'
Deobhog 19° 53' 82° 40'
Deragarh 22° 00' 82° 52'
Deragarh 21° 58' 82° 50'
Devdhara 20° 11' 82° 20'
Devdongar 20° 18' 82° 21'
Dhaba 21° 05' 80° 01'
Dhajag 22° 47' 82° 38'
Dhajagir 22° 43' 82° 31'
Dhamtari 20° 35' 81° 25'
Dhana 21° 46' 80° 40'
Dhangaon 20° 49' 81° 02'
Dhanora 20° 01' 81° 28'
Dhanpuri 23° 11' 81° 37'
Dhanwahi 22° 21' 81° 08'
Dharamjayagarh 22° 28' 83° 58'
Dharapara 18° 50' 80° 48'
Dharbadih 21° 44' 81° 56'
Dharia 23° 19' 83° 16'
Dharsasand 22° 32' 83° 58'
Dhaurabhata 22° 22' 82° 20'
Dhorpur 23° 12' 83° 26'
Dhulangi 23° 59' 83° 27'
Dhupkot 19° 58' 82° 42'
Dhuria 23° 42' 83° 19'
Dhurvaras 18° 57' 81° 50'
Doli 24° 05' 80° 55'
Dongargarh 21° 11' 80° 46'
Dongaria 21° 51' 80° 52'
Dora 24° 15' 85° 03'
Dotapur 21° 39' 82° 15'
Duari 23° 35' 83° 29'
Duba 23° 40' 83° 17'
Dumaria 22° 26' 83° 47'
Dumarpara 22° 00' 82° 50'
Dunganpal 19° 01' 81° 51'
Durg 21° 08' 81° 16'
Fargada 21° 44' 81° 57'
Gabdapahar 22° 21' 81° 44'
61

Name of the place
Gaipura 23° 02' 83° 34'

Gaitra 21° 42' 82° 07'
Galighat pass 20° 28' 82° 19'
Ganabahar 22° 46' 84° 00'
Gandai 21° 39' 81° 06'
Ganglur 18° 48' 81° 36'
Ganipakha 22° 02' 82° 34'
Ganyau 24° 35' 79° 49'
Gare 22° 09' 83° 30'
Garhtola 22° 31' 81° 39'
Gariapal 18° 33' 81° 34'
Garra 21° 55' 80° 55'
Gatta 17° 54' 81° 08'
Gaurduari Pahar 22° 30' 82° 57'
Geedam 18° 59' 81° 24'
Ghamda 22° 23' 81° 12'
Ghatkachar 21° 18' 83° 14'
Ghugra 23° 24' 82° 32'
Gidhwa Bhanwar 20° 57' 80° 36'
Gobdapahar 22° 21' 81° 44'
Godri 22° 45' 80° 28'
Gohekela 19° 54' 82° 41'
Golighat 21° 53' 77° 42'
Golinadi 18° 44' 81° 14'
Gollapalli 18° 56' 81° 04'
Gomharia 23° 49' 83° 33'
Gondadih 21° 42' 81° 56'
Gondi 18° 40' 81° 41'
Gopalpur 22° 36' 82° 39'
Govindpal 18° 42' 81° 54'
Gudra 18° 34' 81° 49'
Gupteswar 18° 49' 82° 10'
Gurwandi 20° 10' 80° 45'
Hahaladdi 20° 13' 80° 55'

Halekurum Dongri 20° 03' 81° 22'
Halwai Khapri 21° 39' 82° 12'
Hardi 24° 55' 80° 21'
Harratola 20° 54' 82° 43'
Hasdo 23° 19' 82° 15'
Hat Banzari 20° 53' 80° 35'
Hatapahar 20° 40' 80° 53'
Hirri 21° 58' 82° 03'
Huratarai 19° 56' 81° 04'
Indagaon 20° 05' 82° 03'
Jabalpur 23° 11' 80° 00'

Jagdalpur 19° 05' 82° 02'
Jaisingnagar 23o 41' 81o 23'
Jalapara 18° 50' 81° 39'
Jamirapat 23° 21' 83° 52'
62

Name of the place
Jangarpal 18° 40' 81° 54'

Jangra 20° 11' 82° 19'
Janjgir 21° 04' 81° 17'
Jantar 20° 42' 80° 50'
Jarandul 20° 10' 81° 16'
Jashpur 22° 48' 83° 56'
Jatashankar 24° 31' 79° 33'
Jayramnagar 22° 02' 82° 18'
Jharapdih 22° 00' 83° 03'
Jhilmili 22° 24' 80° 50'
Jhiram 18° 48' 81° 51'
Jhirpa 21° 35' 81° 59'
Jhor 23° 36' 83° 13'
Jogisar 22° 38' 80° 00'
Jojal 18° 58' 82° 05'
Jonk 20° 41' 80° 08'
Jungani 19° 55' 81° 49'
Jungera 20° 45' 81° 11'
Junwain 22° 24' 83° 57'
Kaimur 24° 03' 80° 34'

Kakalpur 18° 52' 81° 54'
Kalinger 25° 00' 80° 29'
Kalwar 20° 26' 80° 59'
Kamarakhol 22° 19' 81° 26'
Kamaram 18° 25' 81° 12'
Kamarwara (F) 21° 36' 80° 49'
Kanchar 20° 29' 81° 00'
Kandrasa 22° 44' 83° 20'
Kanhargaon 19° 50' 80° 29'
Kanker 20° 11' 81° 24'
Kanpara 22° 24' 83° 51'
Kapanar 18° 15' 81° 39'
Kapsi 20° 05' 80° 43'
Karalagarh 21° 27' 80° 48'
Karanddih 20° 48' 81° 06'
Karela Pahar 22° 32' 82° 52'
Karelagarh 21° 27' 80° 48'
Karhi Chandi 21° 37' 82° 03'
Kariagondi 22° 45' 81° 00'
Kariapal 18° 18' 81° 32'
Karki 23° 48' 81° 23'
Kartpadar 19° 59' 82° 39'
Karutola 21° 08' 80° 32'
Kasangi 19° 52' 81° 41'
Katekalyan 18° 48' 81° 37'
Kathera 24° 40' 80° 53'
Katiabahar nala 22° 47' 82° 40'
Katmi 22° 02' 83° 06'
Katrapara 19° 52' 82° 49'
Koucher 20° 29' 81° 00'
Kaulapal 18° 18' 81° 32'
63

Name of the place
Kaurikasa 20° 43' 80° 44'

Kawardha 22° 01' 81° 14'
Kawardha Tehsil 22° 00' 81° 41'
Keikachar 22° 48' 84° 10'
Kenkapal 18° 36' 81° 50'
Kennapara 23° 37' 83° 15'
Keonchi 22° 38' 81° 47'
Kerju 22° 38' 83° 40'
Kerlapar 18° 18' 81° 33'
Kesamarda 22° 27' 81° 12'
Kesarpal 18° 46' 82° 03'
Keshkal 20° 05' 81° 35'
Kesla 21° 35' 82° 09'
Khaira 22° 01' 82° 17'
Khairagarh 21° 26' 80° 59'
Khairar 23° 46' 83° 38'
Khajri 23° 20' 84° 02'
Khandon 23° 19' 83° 57'
Khapri 20° 52' 81° 03'
Khara 22° 01' 82° 17'
Khariar 20° 17' 82° 46'
Kharkara 20° 49' 81° 04'
Khedapali 22° 06' 83° 08'
Khobi 23° 37' 83° 24'
Khurd 22° 38' 82° 12'
Khuri 23° 42' 83° 40'
Khuria 23° 06' 83° 41'
Khursi 23° 23' 82° 02'
Kilakora 20° 41' 81° 02'
Kirindul/Kohindul 19° 53' 80° 19'
Kisaree 23° 52' 82° 57'
Kishanpur 21° 54' 83° 23'
Kodapalli - 20° 12' 82° 14'
Kodwa 21° 37' 81° 23'
Kohka 20° 23' 80° 52'
Kohria 21° 58' 81° 40'
Kokri 21° 46' 82° 14'
Kolar 19° 54' 81° 12'
Kondagaon 18° 54' 81° 32'
Kondasanvali 18° 30' 81° 13'
Konta 17° 48' 81° 23'
Konundha 23° 20' 83° 03'
Korba 22° 15' 82° 36'
Korhi 19° 47' 81° 30'
Koriya 23° 41' 80° 11'
Kosabani 22° 21' 81° 40'
Kosagondi 20° 50' 81° 37'
Kosambura 20° 11' 82° 12'
Kota 22° 18' 82° 02'
Kotamsari 18° 53' 81° 55'
Kotamsor 18° 53' 81° 55'
Kotapani 21° 10' 80° 39'
64

Name of the place
Kotima 23° 14' 80° 17'

Kotma 23° 12' 81° 39'
Kotmi khurd 22° 37' 82° 07'
Kotrapara 19° 52' 82° 49'
Kotri 25° 14' 78° 36'
Kochhnoor 18° 51' 81° 25'
Kudag 23° 27' 83° 56'
Kudartola 23° 14' 83° 25'
Kudarvahi 20° 07' 81° 26'
Kudripal 18° 41' 81° 51'
Kurka Dongri 19° 10' 82° 01'
Kukuria 23° 16' 83° 17'
Kulharighat 20° 13' 82° 20'
Kumarupara 18° 40' 81° 53'
Kumharras 18° 51' 81° 21'
Kunkur 22° 44' 83° 57'
Kurekela 22° 12' 83° 06'
Kurse 19° 55' 81° 19'
Kursekorhi 20° 13' 80° 47'
Kurum 21° 16' 82° 08'
Kusmunda 22° 20' 82° 43'
Kutkona 23° 03' 83° 02'
Kuye 20° 05' 81° 27'
Labji 23° 21’ 82° 28'

Lachhanpur 21° 34' 82° 12'
Lakha 22° 58' 83° 24'
Lakhanpur 22° 07' 81° 15'
Lakshmanpur 22° 08' 83° 03'
Lamti Dongri 21° 02` 80° 37'
Latapara 19° 55' 82° 40'
Latia 22° 01' 82° 24'
Lawakera 22° 23' 84° 00'
Lewahi 21° 48' 81° 59'
Limpara 19° 57' 82° 43'
Ling Dongri 20° 23' 82° 20'
Loa 18° 38' 81° 11'
Lohara 20° 48' 81° 03'
Machkut 19° 02' 82° 13'

Madanbera 20° 14' 80° 42'
Madanpur 22° 23' 82° 58'
Mademnar 18° 48' 81° 43'
Madhuban 22° 27' 83° 45'
Madku-Kirna 21° 50' 81° 57'
Mahasamund 21° 09' 82° 15'
Mahendragarh 23° 13' 82° 12'
Mahuadih 22° 18' 82° 36'
Mainpur 20° 17' 81° 23'
Maita 24° 15' 81° 42'
Majhan 23° 28' 82° 47'
Makarmuta 21° 17' 83° 14'
65

Name of the place
Malanjkhand 22° 02' 80° 43'

Malgaon 22° 19' 82° 32'
Mand 21° 45' 83° 01'
Manegaon 22° 20' 82° 37'
Manganpur 19° 05' 82° 09'
Mangikheta 21° 20' 80° 30'
Mangikhuta 21° 09' 80° 32'
Manikchauri 21° 48' 82° 14'
Manikpur 23° 40' 83° 29'
Manitoba 22° 49' 80° 39'
Manjur Dongri 19° 01' 82° 14'
Manpur 25° 05' 79° 31'
Marbera 19° 47' 80° 39'
Mariakotola 20° 47' 81° 01'
Markasara 20° 59' 80° 32'
Markatola 20° 34' 81° 23'
Marmakonari 20° 10' 81° 22'
Marol highland 22° 48' 83° 46'
Marwapathra 20° 51' 80° 58'
Masan 23° 22' 83° 04'
Masani 22° 21' 74° 31'
Maspur 23° 17' 80° 35'
Mayurnacha 22° 31' 83° 45'
Medpal 19° 06' 82° 08'
Mendra 17° 57' 80° 36'
Meta 20° 15' 80° 32'
Mirmiria 22° 07' 81° 18'
Mitgain 23° 45' 83° 38'
Modenar 18° 48' 81° 43'
Mohanpur 21° 07' 80° 34'
Mohtara 22° 00' 82° 17'
Mundatala 20° 48' 81° 00'
Mundatikra 19° 28' 81° 19'
Mundval 18° 39' 81° 56'
Mundval 18° 39' 81° 50'
Mura-ka Gutta 18° 05' 81° 19'
Muripar 21° 12 81° 08'
Musalijob 21° 03' 80° 49'
Nagri 20° 21' 81° 57'

Nainiras 18° 29' 81° 34'
Nakia 22° 39' 82° 55'
Nandgaon 19° 55' 79° 44'
Nandini-Kumudini 21° 23' 81° 23'
Nangul 19° 01' 81° 26'
Narainpur 19° 43' 81° 15'
Narayanpur 23° 12' 82° 47'
Narsinghgarh 23° 43' 77° 05'
Navgaon 26° 07' 78° 10'
Nawadih 21° 29' 83° 06'
Nawapara 21° 12 81° 16'
Nawapara 22° 38' 82° 00'
66

Name of the place
Nekum 22° 06' 80° 44'

Nendra 17° 57' 81° 23'
Netanar 18° 52' 82° 03'
Netanar 18° 35' 81° 52'
Newasa 22° 15' 82° 16'
Nipania 21° 50' 82° 03'
Noapani 23° 08' 83° 34'
Pachperi 21° 49' 82° 16'

Padrapat 23° 05' 83° 41'
Palachelama 18° 02' 81° 07'
Palaspani 21° 29' 77° 56'
Pali 24° 07' 78° 36'
Panchangi 20° 08' 84° 43'
Pandrapat 23° 05' 83° 41'
Pandripani 23° 30' 83° 30'
Pandrumetta 18° 18' 81° 20'
Pangsuwan 22° 32' 83° 33'
Paniajob 21° 13' 80° 42'
Panikibat 20° 41' 80° 14'
Pankibhat 20° 49' 81° 27'
Parpahari 23° 22' 82° 58'
Parrior Dongri 19° 52' 81° 03'
Parsoda 22° 21' 82° 11'
Parsora 20° 05' 78° 55'
Pasla 23° 16' 82° 40'
Pat Dongari 20° 08' 81° 20'
Pathalgaon 22° 33' 83° 27'
Patpara 21° 24' 81° 58'
Pawan Akhra Pahar 22° 28' 82° 54'
Payalikhand 20° 10' 82° 20'
Peak 415 21° 08' 82° 34'
Peak 422 17° 49' 81° 16'
Pelma 23° 06' 82° 32'
Pendri 21° 34' 81° 58'
Penuir Dongri 19° 52' 81° 03'
Petmea 22° 35' 83° 42'
Pharsabahur 22° 31' 83° 06'
Phutka Pahar 22° 34' 82° 46'
Pidha 22° 37' 81° 51'
Pitepam 21° 09' 81° 35'
Pitepani 20° 10' 80° 35'
Pitha Ama 22° 25' 83° 40'
Pondih 22° 54' 82° 16'
Potaidih 21° 49' 82° 16'
Potanar 19° 07' 81° 53'
Prasada 21° 57' 83° 19'
Pratappur 23° 29' 83° 12'
Pratapur 19° 59' 80° 48'
Pulcha 18° 49' 82° 07'
Purnapani 23° 27' 83° 57'
Purunga 22° 17' 83° 12'
67

Name of the place
Pushpal 18° 38' 81° 53'

Puta 22° 19' 82° 24'
Rabda 22° 25' 81° 12'

Raigarh 21° 54' 83° 24'
Raiguda 18° 47' 80° 31'
Raikot 19° 10' 81° 50'
Raipur 21° 12' 81° 36'
Raipura 20° 49' 81° 06'
Rajgamar 22° 23' 82° 51
Rajnagar 23° 11' 82° 09'
Rajnandgaon 21° 12' 81° 03'
Ralia 22° 04' 81° 18'
Ramganj 23° 36' 87° 08'
Ramkechhar 22° 36' 82° 18'
Ramkola 23° 41' 83° 39'
Ramtola 21° 57' 81° 56'
Ranikhet Pahar 22° 30' 82° 57'
Rangakhar 21° 58' 80° 52'
Rank 22° 06' 82° 17'
Ratanpur 22° 16' 82° 13'
Rawan 21° 34' 82° 00'
Rawatpura 24° 02' 76° 44'
Rawghat 19° 52' 81° 13'
Remra 21° 17' 82° 46'
Richhai Hill 24° 23' 80° 23'
Rockal 18° 34' 81° 44'
Rokel 18° 34' 81° 44'
Rowghat 19° 52' 81° 13'
Rupadand 22° 42' 81° 56'
Sadwani 22° 43' 81° 56'
Sajbahar 22° 27' 83° 56'
Sakhajodi 18° 48' 82° 11'
Salebhat 20° 40' 81° 44'
Saletekri 21° 47' 80° 48'
Salfa 21° 55' 82° 00'
Salipara 20° 15' 81° 16'
Samri 23° 24' 83° 56'
Samsatta 18° 18' 81° 30'
Saraipali 21° 33' 83° 03'
Saraipat 23° 28' 83° 56'
Saranggarh 21° 35' 83° 05'
Semaria 21° 25' 81° 26'
Semridih 20° 05' 81° 04'
Sendur 23° 41' 83° 35'
Senurgarh 22° 48' 82° 22'
Serangdag 23° 21 83° 54'
Shahdol 23° 17' 81° 22'
Sidhi 24° 20' 81° 55'
Sihawa hill 20° 17' 81° 51'
Sikasar 20° 32' 82° 19'
Sikirma 22° 27' 83° 50'
Sindigarh 18° 32' 81° 45'
68

Name of the place
Singarpur 21° 50' 82° 00'

Singhora 21° 18' 83° 12'
Singrauli 24° 12' 82° 39'
Sirisgura 18° 07' 81° 47'
Sishupal Pahar 21° 13' 83° 09'
Sitagatta 21° 10' 80° 29'
Sonadehi BIF zone 20° 20' 80° 52'
Sonadih 21° 45' 82° 12'
Sonakhan 21° 25' 80° 59'
Sonpur 19° 42' 81° 01'
Sukma 18° 24' 81° 40'
Supansaghat 18° 24' 81° 42'
Surajkund 22° 51' 77° 52'
Suriagarh 22° 35' 83° 35'
Tamtora 21° 29' 83° 00'

Tandua 22° 15' 81° 53'
Tapakora 22° 30' 83° 57'
Tappa 21° 05' 80° 49'
Taralimetta Peak 18° 32' 80° 14'
Tarda 22° 13' 82° 41'
Taregaon 22° 10' 81° 15'
Tarjhar 20° 17' 82° 24'
Tarka 19° 54' 80° 26'
Tatedhar 22° 34' 81° 53'
Tatijharia 23° 23' 83° 54'
Tattapani 23° 41' 83° 43'
Tehra 24° 52' 79° 43'
Thakur Tala 21° 39' 81° 02'
Thandapura 22° 45' 81° 45'
Thekatanagar 22° 38' 83° 36'
Tikar Khurd 22° 38' 82° 12'
Tiki 23° 56' 81° 22'
Tikipodero 18° 57' 82° 13'
Tikul 21° 43' 81° 55'
Tingipur 22° 17' 81° 51'
Tiria 18° 54' 82° 10
Tokapal 19° 01' 81° 53'
Tolkipara 23° 37' 83° 18'
Tongpal 18° 44' 81° 44'
Tongsal Dongri 19° 38' 81° 15'
Toni Dongar 21° 18' 82° 35'
Tulsi 21° 43' 81° 44'
Turi Alga 22° 35' 83° 55'
Turma 21° 41' 82° 01'
Turri 24° 42' 80° 52'
Umarkholi 22° 36' 82° 04'

Umjhar 24° 01' 82° 36'
Uprora 22° 48' 82° 36'
Usrijor 19° 57' 82° 28'
Yenechawada 18° 46' 81° 31'

69
The Publication is available for sale from the office of the
Director, Geological Survey of India, Publication and Information Division,
27, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Kolkata - 700 016.
The Controller of Publication, Government of India, Civil Lines, Delhi - 110 054.
and the following offices of the Geological Survey of India
Central Region : GSI Complex, Seminary Hills, Nagpur - 440 006.
Western Region : Khanij Bhawan, 15 & 16 Jhalana Dungri, Jaipur - 302 004.
Eastern Region : Bhu-Bijnan Bhawan, DK-6, Sector-II, Salt Lake City, Kolkata - 700 091.
Northern Region : GSI Complex, Plot No. 2, Sector E, Aliganj, Lucknow - 226 024.
Southern Region : GSI Complex, P. O. Bandlaguda, Hyderabad - 500 068 and

Kerela Unit T.C. 24/338, Model School Road, East Thampanur,
Thiruvanathpuram - 695 014.
North Eastern Region : Kumud Villa, Nongrim Hills, Shillong - 793 003.
NOTES
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Polymictic Jonk Conglomerate of Arjuni Formation in Jonk river section, Sonakhan belt,
Raipur district, Chhattisgarh (T.S.No.64K/11)
Photograph by: Shri B.K. Mishra, Senior Geologist, GSI, SU: CG, Raipur
Front Cover Photograph
Rocks of Kansapather and Chaporadih formations, Chandarpur Group, Chhattisgarh Supergroup exposed in a
Mesa in Singhora Proto basin, 16 km southeast of Saraipali, Mahasamund District, Chhattisgarh.
Photograph by : Dr. Mathew Joseph, Senior Geologist, GSI, FTC, Raipur
Plate - 1
GEOLOGICAL AND MINERAL MAP OF CHHATTISGARH
10 0 10 20 30 40
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Dimensional stone Copper Ore Manganese

H
Reduced from 1 : 1 million map published in 2005

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C Government of India copyright, 2005 (Reprint 2013)

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Govt.

of India ISSN 0579 - 4706

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GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF CHHATTISGARH

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GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF CHHATTISGARH

*First Published 1977

Manuscript processed for printing by

Under the supervision of

Under the overall guidance of

Price : Inland : ` 168/- Foreign : $ 6.73 / £ 4.10

Printed at : Aishwarya Graphics, Ratan Apartment No.3, Ganeshpeth, Nagpur

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Place - Kolkata A. Sundaramoorthy

àmŠH$WZ - FOREWORD iii - iv

II-2 ARCHAEAN- PALAEOPROTEROZOIC 7

II-4 PALAEO - MESOPROTEROZOIC 13

II-5 MESO - NEOPROTEROZOIC 15

II-7 UPPER CARBONIFEROUS - LOWER CRETACEOUS 22

II-9 CRETACEOUS - PALAEOGENE 25

II-10 CAINOZOIC: PLEISTOCENE - RECENT 25

III GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING 26

Geology and Mineral Resources of Chhattisgarh

Table - 1. Generalised lithostratigraphy of Chhattisgarh

Recent- Holocene Alluvium

Upper Cretaceous- Deccan Trap

Neoproterozoic Pakhal Supergroup

Unclassified metamorphites and granites

II- 1 ARCHAEAN II-1. 1 Bengpal (Sukma) Group

Pioneering work in Bastar Province includes those of In Bastar-Kanker-Rajnandgaon sector, metasedi-

Table - 2. Litho-association in the Bhopalpatnam Granulite Belt

Table - 3. Lithostratigraphy of Bailadila Group (Bose, 1899-1900)

Bailadila range South Bastar North Bastar (Kanker- Durg district)

Bacheli Greenstone Chlorite schist Meta-ultrmalite

II-2.3 Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex II-2.4 Gneissic Complex of Bilaspur-Raigarh-

In the Korba Coalfield, inliers of gneiss, schist, II-3 PALAEOPROTEROZOIC

Table - 4. Lithostratigraphy of the Sonakhan Belt (Das et al. 1990)

Chhattisgarh Supergroup Conglomerate, Grit, Arenite

Table - 5. Lithostratigraphy of Nandgaon Group (Sarkar, et al.1994)

Porphyritic & non-porphyritic rhyolites,

Rhyolite with flow layers (2180 – 2503 Ma)

Amgaon orogeny, metamorphism & granitisation (> c. 2500 Ma).

Patkasa Formation Siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate

Madanbera Granite is mainly coarse porphyritic II-4.2 Khairagarh Group

Table - 7. Litho-association in the Khairagarh Group

II-4.3 Abujhmar Group II-4.5 Mafic Dyke Swarms

Table - 8. Lithostratigraphy of Chhattisgarh Basin (after Das, et al., 2001)

Intrusives Dolerite dykes

limestone and dolomite with flaggy

Bagbura Member Purple limestone (phosphatic)

Kansapathar Formation White to pinkish glauconitic quartz

Stromatolitic limestone and dolomite

limestone, chert, siltstone

Recent to Soil, Laterite, Bauxite

Ling Dongri Ferruginous sandstone