Flange-Handbook (Installation and Maintenance) PDF

FLANGE WORK
Handbook
December 2017/Rev. 05
Copyright © 2012
Norwegian Oil and Gas
Design: Mintra AS
Table of Contents
1. General Introduction 06-13
2. ASME RTJ 16-39
3. ASME RF/FF 42-65
4. API 6A Type 6B/BX 68-91
5. NCF5 Compact 93-123
6. Clamp Connections 126-147
7. Appendix 149-208
1General Introduction
1 General Introduction
1.1 Background
Norwegian Oil and Gas has developed a handbook

for working on flanged connections on hydrocarbon
systems. The handbook can be downloaded from
www.norskoljeoggass.no.
The handbook covers typical flanges and gaskets
that are used in the petroleum industry and
includes disassembly, inspection, alignment,
installation and verification of flanges. The
handbook is the basis for a training curriculum for
flanges on hydrocarbon systems. The training
curriculum can also be downloaded from
www.norskoljeoggass.no.
6 Flange Work Handbook

General Introduction 1
7
1.2 HSE Precautions
1. Always maintain a good overview of the work site

and who is involved in the work.
2. Do not use solutions that can harm people or
tools.
3. Use proper personal safety equipment such as
safety shoes, protective gloves, goggles, etc.
4. Hoses and connectors that are damaged may
not be used.
5. To prevent the danger of pinching when using
hydraulic torque tools, maintain a safe distance
from reaction surfaces and the tool’s counterhold
during operation.
6. If there is no tool attached by itself to the nut/
bolt, it should be secured so that it doesn’t fall off
during the operation.
7. Check that there is an approved and signed work
permit for the job before starting.
8. Cordon off the area before the job starts with
approved cordoning bands.
9. When working at heights, the working area must
be secured against falling objects (tools, bolts,
gaskets, etc.).

1.3 Checklist for the Work Package
Normally, the following should be included in a work

package:
1. Marked P&ID or ISO for each connection
(pipe flange or valve connection) that shall be
disassembled/assembled.
2. Bolting table.
3. Work description.
4. Material list.
5. Activity and inspection schedule.
6. Valve and lockout lists should be prepared
and isolation/closure for engagement with the
process equipment.
9
1.3 Checklist for the Work Package
The responsible planner for the job shall ensure that:

1. The correct gaskets or sealing rings are
available, refer to pipe and valve specification or
bolting table*.
2. Necessary tools are available for splitting and
assembly of the relevant connections.
3. Necessary lifting equipment and jigs are
available. Check the need for scaffolds and
cordons for working at heights.
4. Necessary calibrated tools for bolt tightening and
approved lubricants for bolts are available.
5. History of any problems with previous attachment
of the connection are checked, and that relevant
steps are planned.
*For transitions between different materials or pressure ratings, select a gasket
for the most delicate material and the highest pressure. Use the lowest moment
(it will be the moment for the weakest material) from the two relevant bolting
tables when tightening.

1.4 Execution
The person responsible for the execution (mechanic)

and the equipment owner/system supervisor
operator/process technician/area supervisor operator
shall ensure that all valves that shall be operated on
are labeled with label sheets.
Before opening/splitting equipment that is normally
pressurized, the operational system supervisor
(operator) and the executing mechanic shall
personally ensure:
1. That there is an approved work permit.
2. That SJA (Safe Job Analysis and any pre-job
conversation) is done if it is required.
3. That they are at the correct connection.
4. That isolation/lockout is correctly done and
the system is depressurized and free of
hydrocarbons.
5. That valves that shall be disassembled are in
the half-open position, or as shown in the valve’s
maintenance handbook, so that the valve is free
of pockets with enclosed pressure.
6. That the pipe hangers or pipe support are
unloaded; this applies both to spring-loaded and
fixed pipe hangers/pipe supports. Where there
is a danger of tension in the pipe, initiate safety
measures.
11
1.4 Execution
7. That the relevant insulation is removed and heat

cables are disconnected.
8. The executing mechanic should review the
manufacturer’s user manual for the tool to be
used on the job.
9. The executing mechanic should review the
manufacturer’s user manual for the tool to be
used on the job.
10. Check that the pipe/equipment is secured
against unanticipated shifting since this can
occur during splitting of a flange.

Notes 1
13
2ASME RTJ
ASME RTJ 2
2.1 Flange and Gasket 16-17
2.2 Disassembly 18-23
2.3 Inspection 24-25
2.4 Alignment 26-28
2.5 Assembly 29-35
2.6 Follow-up Inspection 36-39

2 ASME RTJ
2.1 Flange and Gasket
ASME Ring Type Joint, has a ring track fitted to

oval or octagonal seals. Always use
ASME RTJ
the type of ring that is specified in the

bolting table. All R- and RX-rings that
are used should be labeled with the
manufacturer (name/logo), ring type,
size and material specification.

ASME RTJ 2
During tightening, the ring molds to the contact

surfaces in the ring track and establishes a
ASME RTJ
metal-to-metal seal on both the inside and outside
diameters. Since the deformation is permanent, the
sealing ring cannot be reused. The main principle
is that the ring material is
softer than the material in
the flanges. It is the
gasket that should be
deformed, and not the
ring track.
17
2 ASME RTJ
2.2 Disassembly
2.2.1 Phase 1 (loosen bolts)

ASME RTJ
Check that the safety declaration

matches the work description. Am I
working on the correct flange?
During disassembly, never assume

that the line is depressurized. All
flanges should be disassembled as
if there is pressure in the system.
Pressure build-up can arise for
several reasons.
Check the flange gap inside the ring

with the help of a feeler gauge. If the
distance is significantly less than what
is specified in ASME B 16.5, the ring
track is probably damaged. Report
deviations to a technical supervisor
and plan a remedy.
*See Appendix - “Table 7.4, ASME RTJ, gap”
Check for tension in the pipe system.

ASME RTJ 2
2.2 Disassembly
ASME RTJ
Check that the spring-loaded pipe
supports are unloaded and placed
in a locked position. That pipes and
equipment are secured against
shifting if support is missing with the
removal of bolts in the flanges.
The bolts should be loosened

according to the procedures in the
section about avoiding uncontrolled
tension in bolts and flanges.
CHECK THAT RELEVANT HSE

PROCEDURES ARE FOLLOWED.
All deviations shall be logged in the

“Activity and inspection schedule”,
under “Notes” or on the back side.
19
2 ASME RTJ
2.2 Disassembly

ASME RTJ
1. Use the maximum pump pressure for hydraulic

wrenches.
2. It is recommended that you use four tools during
disassembly.*
*For disassembly with hydraulic wrench tool:

see Appendix – Tool use, hydraulic wrench

ASME RTJ 2
2.2 Disassembly
ASME RTJ
3. Ensure that the tool has an appropriate
counterhold. The counterhold keys shall be
placed on the same bolts as the wrenches. The
counterhold keys shall prevent the nuts from
rotating during disassembly.
4. Loosen 1/2 a turn at a time, and otherwise follow
the procedure for cross wrenching, until the
tension is taken off the bolts.
5. Loosen the bolts until there are a couple of
millimeters clearance between the nuts and the
flange. Carefully hit the flange with a hammer so
that the gasket loosens.
21
2 ASME RTJ
2.2 Disassembly
2.2.2 Phase 2 (open flange)

ASME RTJ
WARNING:
With use of a hydraulic spreader, it is
important to remember the following:
• If there is one or more bolts stuck in the
flange’s bolt hole, this can mean that there is
tension in the pipe system. In that case, great
care should be taken in further disassembly of
the flange, and potentially securing the pipe
should be considered.
• Contact a technical supervisor if there is doubt
or a need for action.
WARNING:
• Never stick fingers between the flanges before
a safety block is installed and the spreaders
are unloaded.
• Use the handle on the spreader when taking
out or moving the tool.

ASME RTJ 2
2.2 Disassembly
ASME RTJ
1. For safety reasons, not all bolts should be taken
out before the flange is open.
2. Use two spreaders,
hydraulic or mechanical,
opposite each other. This
yields an even opening of
the flange.
3. It is important that the
spreaders have full
contact with both flange
surfaces before they are
pressurized.
4. Insert safety blocks when
the desired opening is
reached using hydraulic
spreaders. The flange will
then rest on the safety
blocks.
5. Keep the lowest bolts to
prevent the sealing ring
from falling out.
6. Then take out the sealing ring with its own tool.
Be careful so that the gasket track and flange are
not damaged.
23
2 ASME RTJ
2.3 Inspection
Just before the flanges are disassembled and
cleaned, the seal surfaces should be inspected.
ASME RTJ
Inspection personnel may need to be called in to

perform a visual inspection of pipe/equipment and
measure the ring track.

ASME RTJ 2
2.3 Inspection
If there is damage, this should be reported to a
technical supervisor. Any tension in the pipe system
ASME RTJ
shall also be reported to a technical supervisor. Bolts
and nuts should be checked for damage and the
threads should be cleaned. Normally, galvanized
bolts should not be reused.
1. The surface roughness of the inclined surfaces in
the ring track should be checked visually against
the RA standard (should have a reference point
for roughness measurement).
2. The surface roughness should not exceed
1.6 micrometers (μm).
If the flanges are not assembled immediately,

the gasket surface should be protected.
For more information about inspection

and repair of flanges, refer to API 574
and ASME PCC-2-2011 article 3.5.
25
2 ASME RTJ
2.4 Alignment
2.4.1 Skewed connection

ASME RTJ
Tension in the pipe system that requires

greater force to bring the flanges parallel
to each other than is described in the
procedure below, should be approved by
a technical supervisor for evaluation of
risk and relevant corrective measures.
See ASME PCC-1-2010 Appendix E for guidelines

about alignment of flanges.
Permitted manufacturing tolerances can mean that

the flange surfaces do not have the same distance
around the entire flange connection, i.e. that the
flange surfaces are not parallel when assembled. In
such cases, the bolts must be tightened in the area
where the distance between the flange surfaces is
greatest.

ASME RTJ 2
2.4 Alignment
ASME RTJ
1. The object with dealing with skews is to find out
where the flanges have the largest gap.
2. Insert all the bolts in the flange connection.
3. With alignment of the flange connection, no more
than half of the number of bolts in the flange
connection should be used, and neighboring
bolts shall not be used so that there is always
at least one unused bolt between bolts that are
used for alignment.
4. Tighten any bolt in the area where the gap
between the flange surfaces is greatest, with
40% of the given moment for a torque tool, or
40% of the B-pressure for a wrench tool. Use
the lowest possible number of bolts to align the
flanges.
5. The object when dealing with skews is to go
around the entire flange connection several
times during the process until the flanges are
parallel.
27
2 ASME RTJ
2.4 Alignment
2.4.2 Parallel shifts

ASME RTJ
Flanges that are parallel-shifted should

always be aligned before tightening can
begin.
1. Use available alignment tool.

2. How the alignment tool is placed depends on
your evaluation, and the space around the flange.
3. After the first alignment, all the bolts are inserted
that can move freely in the flange’s bolt holes. If
not all the bolts move freely, the alignment tool
should be moved, and the flange is aligned until
all the bolts move freely.
4. Lock the flange connection when the flanges are
parallel. This is done by screwing in all the bolts.
WARNING:
• Never try to align the flange connection with

the help of the bolts alone.
• Always use an available alignment tool.
• If you are not able to pull the flange surfaces
parallel, you should contact the nearest
supervisor.

ASME RTJ 2
2.5 Assembly
Before tightening flanges, be sure to thoroughly plan
ASME RTJ
and prepare for the job in advance.
1. Flange and seal surfaces should be checked
for damage, corrosion and wear, and that the
ring track is free of coatings from paint and
preservative. There should not be any paint on
the flange surfaces on any side of the ring track.
2. The flange’s contact surface against the nuts
should also be free of any thick layer of paint
and preservative, which can cause bolts to fail
to tighten after assembly. Only primer can be
accepted under the contact surfaces of the nut.
3. Clean seal surfaces. Steel brushes or approved
emery paper may be used for this. Approved
solvents and cloths may be used for final
cleaning.
4. Clean along the ring track. Ensure that the
cleaning doesn’t create radial tracks in the seal
surface. It is especially important to remove
imperfections in a radial direction.
29
2 ASME RTJ
2.5 Assembly
2.5.1 Sealing ring

ASME RTJ
For ASME RTJ, octagonal or oval metal rings may be

used. The type of ring to be used is specified in the
bolting chart/pipe specification.
1. Opening between the flanges should be larger
than the thickness of the sealing ring so that this
is not damaged during assembly.
2. A new sealing ring should always be inserted
when sealing flanges that have been opened.
3. Check that you have the correct sealing ring
according to the table and that it is free of
damage. The ring’s size and material quality is
marked on the ring.
4. Rings with incomplete markings should not be
used.
5. Insert the lowest bolts in the flange connection
so that the sealing ring doesn’t fall out.
6. Check that the ring sits correctly. It should be
able to “rock” in the ring track.
Metal rings (RTJ) should be lubricated with a thin
layer of acid-free Vaseline or a thin machine oil
before you insert them so that point loads are
avoided and so that it is easier to disassemble/
remove the gasket again. Gaskets that are coated
with PTFE should not be lubricated.
Grease or similar substances should not be used in
the ring track, since this can prevent the ring from
reaching full tightness.
ASME RTJ 2
2.5 Assembly
2.5.2 Bolts
ASME RTJ
The bolt’s labeling is stamped on the one end of the
bolt.
The bolting chart provides information about the
bolts, the type of bolt and nut material, and any
washers that should be used.
It includes a list of tools (for bolt diameters over 1"),
number of bolts, bolt diameter, bolt length, key width,
tightening force, the torque moment that the bolt
should be tightened with, or A and B pressure if a
hydraulic wrench equipment will be used.
The bolting chart also indicates
which type of lubrication should
be used on bolts and nuts.
31
2 ASME RTJ
2.5 Assembly
2.5.2 Bolts
ASME RTJ
1. Nuts and bolts without markings should not be

used.
2. The bolt’s threads and the nut’s contact surface

should be checked for damage and wear.
3. Always use the lubricant that is specified in the
bolting chart.
4. The bolt should not be lubricated before it is
assembled in the flange connection.
5. The bolt’s threads that engage with a nut should
be lubricated on the side of the connection where
the tool is installed.
6. Nuts are assembled correctly so that labeling is
visible after assembly.

ASME RTJ 2
2.5 Assembly
2.5.2 Bolts
ASME RTJ
7. Nuts that are assembled with a wrench shall
be lubricated on the contact surface towards
the flange and on the first two threads near
the flange.
8. The bolts should move freely through the

opposite flange.
The friction in a screw connection is difficult to
predict accurately since this is dependent on a long
list of variable factors. Since most of the moment
is directed at countering friction, it is important that
the threads of the bolt and nut are checked and
lubricated.
33
2 ASME RTJ
2.5 Assembly
2.5.3 Tightening
ASME RTJ
Only approved tools should be used as listed in the

bolting chart. If other tools are to be used, a new and
approved bolting chart should be established.
If it is necessary to create special tools to tighten in
tight spaces, this should be approved in accordance
with the procedures of the operating company.
The following should be checked before the tool is
used:
1. That the tool has valid calibration.
2. That the tool and equipment are in an acceptable
condition before they are pressurized.
3. That tools and equipment are used in accordance
with the supplier’s recommendations.

ASME RTJ 2
2.5 Assembly
2.5.3 Tightening
ASME RTJ
The following safety steps should be taken when the
tool is in use:
1. Maintain a safe distance from the tool while the
tool is pressurized.
2. Do not attempt to hold or adjust the tool when it
is in operation.
3. Do not leave the work-site with a pressurized
tool.
4. Use a wire to secure loose tools with work at
heights.
See Appendix “Safety moments”.
Ref. different tightening procedures in “Appendix”.
35
2 ASME RTJ
2.6 Follow-up Inspection
1. Check that there is at least 1 thread outside of

ASME RTJ
the nut on each side of the bolt after tightening.

2. Check that there is an equal distance between
the flange surfaces around the entire flange. Use
a feeler gauge when you check this.
3. Any deviation should be reported to a technical
supervisor.
4. Sign “Activity and inspection schedule”.
5. Fill out and sign “wrench sheet” and hang this on
the flange.

ASME RTJ 2
The supervisor for the assembly should fill out
ASME RTJ
and sign “Activity and inspection schedule” after
each time that the flanges are assembled and the
bolt connections are tightened with the prescribed
moment/tightening force.
6. Old markings on the
flange should be
removed, and a new
label sheet should
be hung on the
flange connection.
If it is necessary to use force beyond what is

specified in “Alignment” to align the flange before
normal tightening procedures can be started, this
should be stated in the marking field in “Activity and
inspection schedule” by the technician doing the
work. This applies to all types of flange and clamp
connections. The deviation should be recorded in the
company’s system for handling deviations.
7. If different persons have been responsible for
assembly and final bolt tightening, both should
have signed with date at the end of a job.
37
2 ASME RTJ
Exceptions:
ASME RTJ
For non-dangerous help/support issues, the

“Activity and inspection schedule”, and labeling of
the flange connections may be ignored for ASME
pressure ratings of 150 and 300, where the operating
temperature is between 0° and 50°C.
1. If the equipment is put in operation immediately
(with the technician executing and an operational
supervisor present), the labelling of the flange
connection and use of “Activity and inspection
schedule” can be ignored.
2. Any type of deviations should be recorded in the
company’s system for deviation management.

ASME RTJ 2
ASME RTJ
39
3ASME RF/FF
ASME RF/FF 3
3.4 Alignment 52-53
3.5 Assembly 54-61

3 ASME RF/FF
ASME Raised Face is tightened by installing a

flat gasket between the raised surfaces on
the meeting flanges. The gasket types can be
graphite laminate, fiberglass (CGF) or spiral
gasket. Use the gasket that is
specified in the bolting chart.
ASME RF/FF

ASME RF/FF 3
During tightening, the gasket is compromised and is

pressed down in a small track in the flange’s contact
face. These tracks are circular and are a part of the
flange’s design to provide the best possible seal.
The tracks cover the entire contact face. The gaskets
become permanently deformed and therefore should
ASME RF/FF
not be reused.
43
3 ASME RF/FF
Flanges of type ASME RF and ASME FF can have

the following designs:
ASME RF/FF
Weld-neck
Slip-on
Screwed
Socket-weld
Lapped
Blind

ASME RF/FF 3
3.2 Disassembly

ASME RF/FF
Check that the spring pipe supports
are unloaded and set in a locked
position.

Pressure build-up can arise for
several reasons.


All deviations shall be logged in the

“Activity and inspection schedule”,
under “Notes” or on the back side.
45
3 ASME RF/FF
3.2 Disassembly

wrenches.
disassembly.*
ASME RF/FF


see Appendix – Tool use, Hydraulic wrench.

ASME RF/FF 3
3.2 Disassembly
WARNING:
ASME RF/FF
If there is one or more bolts stuck in the flange’s
bolt hole, this can mean that there is tension in
the pipe system. In that case, great care should
be taken in further disassembly of the flange,
and potentially securing the pipe should be
considered. Contact a technical supervisor if
there is doubt or a need for action.

2. Use two spreaders, hydraulic or mechanical,
opposite each other. This yields an even opening
of the flange.
3. It is important that the spreaders have full
contact with both flange surfaces before they are
pressurized.
4. Insert safety blocks when the desired opening is
reached using hydraulic spreaders. The flange
will then rest on the safety blocks.
5. Keep the lowest bolts so that the gasket does not
fall out.
6. Then remove the gasket with its own tool. Take
care that the contact surface isn’t damaged.
47
3 ASME RF/FF
3.2 Disassembly
WARNING with use of a hydraulic spreader:

ASME RF/FF

are unloaded.
*For disassembly with

hydraulic wrench tool:
see Appendix – Tool use,
Hydraulic wrench.

ASME RF/FF 3
3.3 Inspection
Immediately after the flanges

are disassembled, the
seal surfaces should be
cleaned and checked
for damage. Additional
inspection personnel may
ASME RF/FF
be needed to perform an
internal, visual inspection
of pipes/equipment. If there
is damage, this should be
reported to a technical
supervisor. Any tension
in the pipe system should
be reported to a technical
supervisor. Bolts and nuts should be checked
for damage and the threads should be cleaned.
Normally, galvanized bolts should not be reused.
• The surface roughness on the seal surface
should be checked visually against the RA
standard (should have a reference number
for roughness measurement). The surface
roughness should not exceed 6.3 micrometers
(μm) for pressurized systems (3.2 micrometers
(μm) for vacuum service).
For more information about inspection and repair

of flanges, refer to API 574 and ASME PCC-2-2011
article 3.5.
49
3 ASME RF/FF
3.3 Inspection
* For more information about

troubleshooting leaking flanges see
Appendix “Checklist for leaking flanges”.
ASME RF/FF


ASME RF/FF 3
3.4 Alignment
If there is tension in the pipe system

that requires greater force to bring
the flanges parallel to each other than
is described in the procedure below,
this shall be approved by a technical
ASME RF/FF
supervisor for evaluation of risk and
any corrective measures.
See ASME PCC-1-2010 Appendix E for extra
guidelines.
flange surfaces are not parallel.
51
3 ASME RF/FF
3.4 Alignment
In such cases, the bolts must be tightened in the

area where the distance between the flange surfaces
is greatest.
ASME RF/FF

3. With alignment of the flange connection, no more
than half of the number of bolts in the flange
connection should be used, and neighboring
bolts shall not be used so that there is always
at least one unused bolt between bolts that are
used for alignment.
the lowest possible number of bolts to align the
flanges.
parallel.

ASME RF/FF 3
3.4 Alignment
Flanges that are parallel-shifted should always be

aligned before tightening can begin.
ASME RF/FF
your evaluation, and the space around the
flange.
WARNING:

supervisor.
53
3 ASME RF/FF
3.5 Assembly

1. Check the flange and seal surface for damage,
corrosion and wear, and that the gasket surface
is free of coatings from painting and preservative.
ASME RF/FF

and preservative, which can cause bolts to fail
to tighten after assembly. Only primer painting
can be accepted under the nut’s contact surface
against the flange.
cleaning.
4. Clean along the edge of the gasket surface.
Ensure that the cleaning does not create radial
tracks on the seal surface. It is especially
important to remove imperfections in a radial
direction. See ASME PCC-2-2011 Appendix D for
acceptance limits of the flatness and damage on
the gasket surface.

ASME RF/FF 3
3.5 Assembly
3.5.1 Gasket
For ASME RF/FF flat gaskets or spiral gaskets

should normally be used. The type of gasket
to be used is specified in the bolting chart/pipe
specification.
ASME RF/FF
than the thickness of the gasket so that this is
not damaged during assembly.
2. A new gasket should always be inserted when
sealing flanges that have been opened.
3. Check that you have the correct gasket
according to the bolting table and that it is free of
damage.
4. NOTE! In some cases, especially with small pipe
wall thickness, gaskets with ASME standard
inner diameter can mean that the diameter is too
small, so that the gasket sticks into the tube. This
can be avoided by selecting a gasket with the
correct inner diameter.
55
3 ASME RF/FF
3.5 Assembly
3.5.1 Gasket
1. Insert the lowest bolts in the flange so that the

gasket doesn’t fall down. On larger flanges, the
gasket is often soft and difficult to place and
can easily fall down in the pipe. Therefore, be
especially careful when you assemble gaskets in
ASME RF/FF
flanges that are assembled horizontally.

2. Check that the gasket is sitting correctly. Use a
pocket light and verify that the gasket will sit up
against the bolts all the way around the flanges.
This is a good indication that the gasket has
the right outer diameter. The bolts will center
the gasket so that it is situated correctly on the
contact surface.

ASME RF/FF 3
3.5 Assembly
3.5.2 Bolts
The bolt’s labeling is stamped on the one end of the

bolt.
The bolting chart provides information about the
bolts, the type of bolt and nut material that should be
ASME RF/FF
used. This includes a list of tools (for bolt diameters
over 1"), number of bolts, bolt diameter, bolt length,
key width, tightening force, the torque moment
that the bolt should be tightened with, or A and B
pressure if a hydraulic wrench equipment will be
used. The bolting chart also indicates which type of
lubrication should be used on bolts and nuts.
57
3 ASME RF/FF
3.5 Assembly
3.5.2 Bolts

used.
ASME RF/FF

bolting chart.

ASME RF/FF 3
3.5 Assembly
3.5.2 Bolts

the flange and on the first two threads near the
flange.
ASME RF/FF
opposite flange.
lubricated.
59
3 ASME RF/FF
3.5 Assembly
3.5.3 Tightening

ASME RF/FF
tight spaces, this should be approved in accordance

used:
3. That tools and equipment are used in accordance
with the supplier’s recommendations.

ASME RF/FF 3
3.5 Assembly
3.5.3 Tightening

tool is in use:
ASME RF/FF
is in operation.
tool.
heights.
61
3 ASME RF/FF

a feeler gauge when you check this.
ASME RF/FF

supervisor.
the flange.

ASME RF/FF 3

ASME RF/FF
flange should be
removed, and a new
label sheet should be
hung on the flange
connection.

63
3 ASME RF/FF
Exceptions:
For non-dangerous help/support issues, the
“Activity and inspection schedule”, and labeling of
the flange connections may be ignored for ASME
pressure ratings of 150 and 300, where the operating
ASME RF/FF
temperature is between 0° and 50°C.

1. If the equipment is put in operation immediately
(with the technician executing and an operational
supervisor present), the labelling of the flange
connection and use of “Activity and inspection
schedule” can be ignored.
2. Any type of deviations should be recorded in the
company’s system for deviation management.

ASME RF/FF 3
ASME RF/FF
65
4API 6A Type 6B/BX
API 6A Type 6B/BX 4
4.1 Flange and Gasket Type 6B 68-69
4.1 Flange and Gasket Type 6BX 70-71
4.4 Alignment 80-82
4.5 Assembly 83-87
4.6 Tightening 88-89

4 API 6A Type 6B/BX
4.1 Flange and Gasket Type 6B
API 6A type 6B is used from and including

API pressure ratings 2,000 PSI to
5,000 PSI. The ring track is designed for
type R (oval, octagonal) or RX sealing
rings. Always use the type of ring that
is specified in the bolting table.
All gasket rings shall have
the following minimum
labeling on the outside:
manufacturer name or
API 6A Type 6B/BX
identification, ring type

(R, RX or BX) and material
identification. Rings that
lack required identification
shall not be used.
During tightening, the ring molds to the
contact surfaces in the ring track and
establishes a metal-to-metal seal. The
RX ring primarily tightens on the outside
of the ring track. Since the deformation is
permanent, the sealing ring cannot be reused.
After tightening API 6A type 6B flanges are designed
so that there is a gap between the flanges inside the
ring or that the bolts have reached the given tension.
Flanges of this type can be both Raised Face and
Flat Face.

API 6A Type 6B/BX 4
4.1 Flange and Gasket Type 6B
“R” ring track with

R octagonal ring
The seal surface begins
about 20% from the top.
The seal surface makes up
about 40% of the ring track
O. D. I. D. on both sides.
API 6A Type 6B/BX

O. D. I. D.
an RX ring
The seal surface makes
up about 40% of the ring
track on the outer diameter
(O. D.).

R oval ring
O. D. I. D.
about 40% of the ring track
on both sides.
69
4 API 6A Type 6B/BX
4.1 Flange and Gasket Type 6BX
API 6A type 6BX is used from and

including API pressure ratings
5,000 PSI to 20,000 PSI. The
ring track is designed only for BX
type sealing rings. The
BX ring always
has a hole
for pressure
equalization.
With tightening,
API 6A Type 6B/BX
the ring molds

to the contact
surfaces in the
ring track and
establishes a
metal-to-metal
seal that tightens on the
inner and outer diameter. Since
the deformation is permanent, the
sealing ring cannot be reused.
After the tightening of API 6A type
6BX flanges, the flange surfaces
inside by the ring shall go completely or nearly
completely together (almost no measurable gap).

API 6A Type 6B/BX 4
4.1 Flange and Gasket Type 6BX
API 6A Type 6B/BX

“BX” ring track with
BX ring
O.D. about 40% of the ring track,
I.D.
with reliable tightening
only on the outer diameter
(O.D.).
71
4 API 6A Type 6B/BX
4.2 Disassembly

Check for tension in the pipe system.

API 6A Type 6B/BX

The pressure build-up can occur for
several reasons.


API 6A Type 6B/BX 4
4.2 Disassembly

All deviations shall be logged in the “Activity and

inspection schedule”, under “Notes” or on the back
side.
API 6A Type 6B/BX
73
4 API 6A Type 6B/BX
4.2 Disassembly

wrenches.
disassembly.*
API 6A Type 6B/BX


API 6A Type 6B/BX 4
4.2 Disassembly
API 6A Type 6B/BX

75
4 API 6A Type 6B/BX
4.2 Disassembly
WARNING:
API 6A Type 6B/BX

WARNING:
are unloaded.

API 6A Type 6B/BX 4
4.3 Inspection

2. Use two spreaders,
hydraulic or mechanical,
opposite each other. This
yields an even opening of
the flange.
3. It is important that the
spreaders have full
API 6A Type 6B/BX

contact with both flange
surfaces before they are
pressurized.
4. Insert safety blocks when
the desired opening is
reached using hydraulic
spreaders. The flanges
will then rest on the safety
blocks.
5. Keep the lowest bolts to
prevent the sealing ring
from falling out.
6. Then take out the sealing ring with its own tool.
Be careful so that the gasket track and flange are
not damaged.
77
4 API 6A Type 6B/BX
4.3 Inspection
Immediately after the

flanges are disassembled
and cleaned, they should
be inspected. Additional
inspection personnel may
be needed to perform an
internal, visual inspection
of pipes/equipment and
inspect the ring track.
If there is damage, this
API 6A Type 6B/BX
should be reported to a technical supervisor.

Any tension in the pipe system shall also be reported
to a technical supervisor.
Bolts and nuts should be checked for damage and
the threads should be cleaned. Normally, galvanized
1. The surface roughness of the inclined surfaces in
the ring track should be checked visually against
the RA standard (should have a reference point
for roughness measurement).
2. Type 6B: The surface roughness should not
exceed RA like or less than 1.6 micrometers
(μm).
3. Type 6BX: The surface roughness should not
exceed RA like or less than 0.8 micrometers
(μm).

API 6A Type 6B/BX 4
4.3 Inspection
4.3.2 Inspection – Troubleshooting
For more information about troubleshooting leaking

flanges refer to: Appendix “Checklist for leaking
flanges”.
API 6A Type 6B/BX


and repair of flanges, refer to API 574 and
ASME PCC-2-2011 article 3.5.
79
4 API 6A Type 6B/BX
4.4 Alignment
If there is tension in the pipe system

that requires greater force to bring the
flanges parallel to each other than the
force described in the procedure below,
this shall be approved by a technical
supervisor for evaluation of risk and any
corrective measures.
API 6A Type 6B/BX

flange surfaces are not parallel.
3. With alignment of flanged connections, no
more than half the number of bolts in the flange
connection should be used, neighboring bolts
should not be used, so that there is always at
least one unused bolt between bolts that are
used for alignment. See ASME PCC-1-2010
Appendix E for guidelines about alignment.

API 6A Type 6B/BX 4
4.4 Alignment

a lowest possible number of bolts to pull the
flanges together.
API 6A Type 6B/BX

parallel.
81
4 API 6A Type 6B/BX
4.4 Alignment

begin.

your evaluation, and the space around the flange.
API 6A Type 6B/BX

WARNING:

supervisor.

API 6A Type 6B/BX 4
4.5 Assembly

1. Flange and seal surface are checked for
damage, corrosion and wear, and that the seal
surface is free of coatings from painting and
preservatives in the seal track and on both sides
of this.
API 6A Type 6B/BX

and preservative, which can cause bolts to fail to
tighten after assembly. Only primer is acceptable
under nuts.
cleaning.
4. Clean along the ring track. Ensure that the
cleaning does not cause radial tracks in the
ring track. It is especially important to remove
imperfections in a radial direction.
83
4 API 6A Type 6B/BX
4.5 Assembly
4.5.1 Sealing ring
For API 6A type 6B flanges, R and RX metal rings

may be used. For API 6A type 6BX flanges, BX metal
rings may be used. The type of ring to be used is
specified in the bolting chart/pipe specification.
API 6A Type 6B/BX

according to the bolting table and that it is free of
damage. All gasket rings shall have the following
minimum labeling on the outside: manufacturer
name or identification, ring type (R, RX or BX)
and material identification.
4. Rings with incomplete markings should not be
used.

API 6A Type 6B/BX 4
4.5 Assembly
4.5.1 Sealing ring
Check that the ring sits correctly. It should be able to

“rock” in the ring track.
API 6A Type 6B/BX

Metal rings (RTJ) shall be lubricated with a thin layer
of acid-free Vaseline or thin machine oil before they
are put in. This is so that point loads are avoided and
so that it is easier to disassemble/remove the gasket
again. Gaskets that are coated with PTFE should not
be lubricated.
85
4 API 6A Type 6B/BX
4.5 Assembly
4.5.2 Bolts
The bolt’s labeling is stamped on the one end. The

bolting chart provides information about the bolts, the
type of bolt and nut material that should be used.
API 6A Type 6B/BX

hydraulic wrench equipment will be used.
The bolting chart also indicates which type of
lubrication should be used on bolts and nuts, and
any washers.
used.
bolting chart.

API 6A Type 6B/BX 4
4.5 Assembly
4.5.2 Bolts

5. The bolt’s threads that are engaged with the
nut shall be lubricated on the side of the flange
connection where the tool is installed.
API 6A Type 6B/BX

flange.

opposite flange.
lubricated.
87
4 API 6A Type 6B/BX
4.6 Tightening

tight spaces, this should be approved in agreement
used:
API 6A Type 6B/BX

3. That tools and equipment are used
in accordance with the supplier’s
recommendations.

API 6A Type 6B/BX 4
4.6 Tightening

tool is in use:
is in operation.
tool.
API 6A Type 6B/BX

heights.
89
4 API 6A Type 6B/BX

a feeler gauge when you do this check.
supervisor.
API 6A Type 6B/BX

the flange.

API 6A Type 6B/BX 4


flange should be
removed, and a new
API 6A Type 6B/BX

label sheet should
be hung on the
flange connection.

91
5NCF5 Compact
NCF5 Compact 5
5.4 Alignment 109-113
5.5 Assembly 114-119

5 NCF5 Compact
The characteristic of compact flanges is that they

close completely after tightening. This
means that the flange surfaces are
not exposed to corrosion and erosion
problems, and the flange
has an environmental seal
around the outer diameter.
The compact flange is also
both smaller and lighter than
conventional ASME flanges.
Because of the design of
the flange, there are strict
requirements that fabrication
tolerances be met.
NCF5 Compact

NCF5 Compact 5
The compact flange’s sealing ring, the X-ring, has a

characteristic indented track on the outer edge. All
labeling is on the inside of the ring. The main seal is
the ring, and this is tighter on the outer diameter. If
the seal fails, you will get a pressure build-up on the
inside of the ring. The higher the pressure, the tighter
the ring.
NCF5 Compact
Metal-to-metal sealing ring deformation is checked.
The sealing force between ring and ring track is
not affected by dynamic forces since the tension
in the bolts is taken up by the flange surface. This
contributes to a static connection with nearly no
flange movement, even when large dynamic forces
are transmitted. This eliminates the need for post
tightening of the bolts.
95
5 NCF5 Compact
5.2 Disassembly
Check that the safety declaration matches

the work description. Am I working on the
correct flange?
Check that the spring-loaded pipe supports

are unloaded and placed in a locked
position.
During disassembly, never assume that the

line is depressurized. All flanges should
be disassembled as if there is pressure in
NCF5 Compact
the system. Pressure build-up can arise for

several reasons.

NCF5 Compact 5
5.2 Disassembly
The bolts should be loosened according

to the procedures in the section about
avoiding uncontrolled tension in bolts
and flanges.


side.
NCF5 Compact
97
5 NCF5 Compact
5.2 Disassembly

wrenches.
disassembly.*
NCF5 Compact


NCF5 Compact 5
5.2 Disassembly

NCF5 Compact
4. Loosen 1/6th of a turn at a time (60 degrees),
and otherwise follow the procedure for cross
wrenching, until the tension is taken off the bolts.
99
5 NCF5 Compact
5.2 Disassembly
WARNING:
NCF5 Compact
WARNING:
are unloaded.

NCF5 Compact 5
5.2 Disassembly
With disassembly of compact flanges, one should be

very careful so that the flange’s seal surfaces are not
damaged.
For compact flanges, it is recommended that you use
a flange spreader that can be installed in the flange’s
bolt hole.
NCF5 Compact
101
5 NCF5 Compact
5.2 Disassembly
Use of standard flange spreaders has been

discontinued since these can damage the compact
flange’s seal along the outer diameter.
1. For safety reasons, not all bolts should be
removed before the flange is open. Just take out
the bolts that must be removed to get access to
flange spreaders.
2. Use two spreaders, hydraulic or mechanical,
opposite each other. This yields an even opening
of the flange.
NCF5 Compact

NCF5 Compact 5
5.2 Disassembly
3. It is important that the spreaders installed in

the flange’s bolt hole do come in contact with
the opposite flange. Use the correct dimension
for the rings in relation to the diameter of the
flanges.
4. Insert safety blocks

when the desired
opening is reached
using hydraulic
spreaders.
NCF5 Compact
5. Keep the lowest bolts to prevent the sealing ring
from falling out.
6. Then take out the sealing ring with its own
tool. Be careful that neither the ring track, seal
surfaces or a flange is destroyed.
103
5 NCF5 Compact
5.3 Inspection
NCF5 Compact
Immediately after the flanges are disassembled

and cleaned, they should be inspected. Inspection
personnel may need to be called in to perform a
visual inspection of pipe/equipment and measure the
ring track. If there is damage, this should be reported
to a technical supervisor. Any tension in the pipe
system should be reported to a technical supervisor.

NCF5 Compact 5
5.3 Inspection
The surface roughness of the following seal surfaces

should be checked visually against the RA standard
(should have a reference number for roughness
measurement).
1. Outer construction surface in the ring track: The
surface roughness should not exceed RA like or
less than 0.8 micrometers (μm).
2. The flange’s heel: The surface roughness should
not exceed RA like or less than 0.8 micrometers
(μm).
3. The flange surfaces/ring track generally: The
surface roughness should not exceed RA like or
less than 1.6 micrometers (μm).
NCF5 Compact
105
5 NCF5 Compact
5.3 Inspection
NCF5 Compact
Polish away all types of slight damage to the seal

surfaces, the heel and the contact surfaces in the
ring track with a fine polishing cloth in the direction of
the flange circle. Significant flange damage usually
requires remachining. Contact the flange supplier for
machining tolerances and advice about acceptable
machining.

NCF5 Compact 5
5.3 Inspection
5.3.1 Acceptance criteria
Localizing damage Steps

Tracks or scratches that Sand with fine emery paper
cover more than 3/4th of to the desired depth. Use
the heel width. emery paper number: 240.
Tracks or scratches/ Sand with fine emery paper
damage to the hole that to the desired depth. Use
covers 3/4th or more of the emery paper number 240.
width of the heel width. If the depth after sanding
exceeds 0.1 mm, repair
with Loctite 510.
Scratches in the sealing Sand with fine emery
ring contact surface. paper. Use emery paper
number 240.
Outer contact edge on Remove all unevenness,
NCF5 Compact
flange. etc. with sanding or filing.
Damage to the sealing ring. Change with a new one.

and repair of flanges, refer to
NORSOK L-005.
107
5 NCF5 Compact
5.3 Inspection
or more information about inspection and

F
repair of flanges, refer to NORSOK L-005.

NCF5 Compact
or more information about troubleshooting

F
with leakage of flanges refer to: Appendix –
“Checklist for leaking flanges”.

NCF5 Compact 5
5.4 Alignment
When the flanges are pulled together, the gasket

ensures that they are centered. The bolt holes
should be centered so that the bolts move freely
through the opposite flange.
Tension in the pipe system that requires
greater force to bring the flanges parallel
to each other than described in the
procedure below for “Alignment”, should
be approved by the technical supervisor
for evaluation of risk and any corrective
measures.
around the entire flange. In other words, that the
NCF5 Compact
flange surfaces are not parallel. In such cases,
the bolts must be tightened in the area where the
distance between the flange surfaces is greatest.
109
5 NCF5 Compact
5.4 Alignment
The goal of handling skews is to find out where the

flanges have the largest gap.
1. Insert all the bolts in the flange.
2. When aligning flanged connections, no more
than half the number of bolts in the flange
connection should be used.
3. Neighboring bolts should not be used, so that
there is always at least one unused bolt between
bolts that are used for alignment.
4. None of the used bolts should be loaded more
than 30% of the given moment in the bolting
chart. (Moment for compact flanges is given in
NORSOK L-005, part 5.)
NCF5 Compact

parallel.

NCF5 Compact 5
5.4 Alignment
NCF5 Compact
111
5 NCF5 Compact
5.4 Alignment

begin.

2. How the alignment tool is placed depends on your
assessment, and the space around the flange.
NCF5 Compact

WARNING:
• Never try to correct the flange connection with

supervisor.

NCF5 Compact 5
5.4 Alignment

1. Flange, gasket surfaces and ring tracks are
checked for damage, corrosion and wear, and
that the seal surface is free of coatings from
painting and preservative in the gasket surface.
should also be free of any paint and preservative.
Only primer is permitted.
3. Clean the ring track, seal surface and heel and
along the outer diameter. Approved emery paper
may be used for this. Approved solvents and
cloths may be used for final cleaning. Clean
NCF5 Compact
along the ring track and along the heel and outer
diameter, so that there are no radial tracks on
the surfaces. You should pay careful attention to
damage in a radial direction.
113
5 NCF5 Compact
5.5 Assembly
NCF5 Compact

NCF5 Compact 5
5.5 Assembly
5.5.1 Sealing ring
For NCF5 Compact only IX rings can be used. The

required material quality for the ring to be used is
specified in the bolting chart/pipe specification. IX
rings for compact flanges with the designation NCF5
have a color code and material information as in
NORSOK L-005:
BLUE: Carbon steel
YELLOW: 22Cr. Duplex steel
BLACK: 6Mo Austenitic steel
ORANGE: 17/4 PH Martensitic steel
NCF5 Compact
Check all of the markings on the ring to be certain
that it has the correct material quality in the event of
a deviation within the color coding.
115
5 NCF5 Compact
5.5 Assembly
5.5.1 Sealing ring

marked on the ring.
able to “rock” in the ring track.
NCF5 Compact

NCF5 Compact 5
5.5 Assembly
5.5.1 Sealing ring
PTFE covered IX rings should not be lubricated.

Compact flange connections should be closed as
soon as possible after assembly. If this cannot occur
immediately, the gap between the flanges should be
protected. Suitable tape should be used.
During assembly of a new pipe system, an pipe and
a connection piece should be assembled along the
pipe line before you assemble the next connection.
NCF5 Compact
117
5 NCF5 Compact
5.5 Assembly
5.5.2 Bolts
The bolt’s labeling is stamped on one end. The

It includes the tools, number of bolts, bolt diameter,

bolt length, key width, tightening force, the torque
moment that the bolt should be tightened with, or A
and B pressure if a hydraulic wrench equipment will
be used.
NCF5 Compact
The bolting chart also indicates which type of

lubrication should be used on bolts and nuts.
used.
bolting chart. The bolt should not be lubricated
before it is assembled in the flange connection.

NCF5 Compact 5
5.5 Assembly
5.5.2 Bolts

flange.
NCF5 Compact
opposite flange.
lubricated.
119
5 NCF5 Compact
5.6 Tightening

tight spaces, this should be approved in agreement
used:
3. That tools and equipment are used
in accordance with the supplier’s
NCF5 Compact
recommendations.
tool is in use:
is in operation.
tool.
heights.
*See Appendix “Safety moments”.

NCF5 Compact 5
5.6 Tightening
For NCF5 Compact use of a minimum of four tools

simultaneously is recommended where there are
more than 8 bolts in the flange connection.
NCF5 Compact
If it is difficult to close the flange connection on the
outer edge with the given force or moment in the
bolting chart, it is recommended to first check that all
bolts are lubricated as recommended.
If one or both flanges are connected to a very stiff
pipe part or equipment mount, the resistance against
closing the flange connection may be higher than it
would normally be. Then place half of the number of
tools diametrically against each other, in other words,
so that four tools pull two and two neighboring bolts
diametrically opposed to each other, for example.
121
5 NCF5 Compact

2. Check that the flange has closed.
supervisor.
the flange.
NCF5 Compact

NCF5 Compact 5
Old markings on the flange

should be removed, and a new
label sheet should be hung on
the flange connection.
If it is necessary to use force
beyond what is specified in
“Alignment” to align the flange
before normal tightening procedures can be started,
this should be stated in the marking field in “Activity
and inspection schedule” by the technician doing the
If different persons have been responsible for
NCF5 Compact
assembly and final bolt tightening, both should have
signed with date at the end of a job.
123
6Clamp Connections
Clamp Connections 6
6.1 Flange and Gasket Type 6B 126-127
6.3 Inspection 136
6.4 Alignment 137
6.5 Installation 138-141

6 Clamp Connections
There are different types of clamp connections, for

example Grayloc, Techlok, and Destec. The hubs
can be both the traditional, “recessed” and
the “streamline bore” design.
Connections
Clamp

Clamp Connections 6
The pipe clamp’s design ensures that the sealing

ring is clamped tight during assembly. The ring will
be tight against the outer diameter against the hubs.
The pressure from the media in the pipe will press
the ring out and thereby provide better tightening the
higher the pressure the application is exposed to.
For clamp connections, the sealing ring is normally

exposed to the media, and it is especially important
to check that the label matches the bolting table or
Connections
Clamp
the pipe specification.
127
6 Clamp Connections
6.2 Disassembly

During disassembly, never assume that

the line is depressurized. All flanges
should be disassembled as if there is
pressure in the system. The pressure
build-up can occur for several reasons.
Check the distance between the

clamps using a feeler gauge. If the
distance is significantly less than what
is specified, the clamp connection is
probably overtightened and the clamps
should be replaced. Report deviations
to a technical supervisor and plan a
remedy.
Connections
Clamp
Check that the spring-loaded pipe

supports are unloaded and placed in a
locked position.

Clamp Connections 6
6.2 Disassembly
The bolts should be loosened according

to the procedures in the section about
avoiding uncontrolled tension in bolts
and flanges.

Hang necessary lifting equipment to ensure the

responsible disassembly of clamps and any blind
hub.
Connections
Clamp

side.
129
6 Clamp Connections
6.2 Disassembly
1. Use the maximum pump pressure

for hydraulic wrenches.
2. It is recommended to
use two tools diagonally
during disassembly.*
3. Ensure that the tool
has an appropriate
counterhold. The
counterhold keys
shall be placed
on the same bolts
as the wrenches. The
counterhold keys shall
prevent the nuts from rotating
during disassembly.
4. Loosen the bolts until there
are a couple of millimeters
clearance between the nuts and the clamps
Connections
(see warning).
Clamp


Clamp Connections 6
6.2 Disassembly
5. Repeat the operation gradually until the number

of turns shown in table 6.1 is reached. The
number of turns should be divided equally on
both nuts.
6. Carefully tap the bolt with a suitable hammer so
that it loosens.
7. Tap on the inside of the clamp’s bolt collar until
both clamps loosen.
Connections
NOTE! Clamp
The bolts and
nuts should not be
removed before the clamp
is released and can freely rotate
around the hub.
131
6 Clamp Connections
6.2 Disassembly
Table 6.1
Number of turns
Hub Opening in mm
360 degrees
2" 2 6 mm
3" 2.5 8 mm
4" 3.25 10 mm
6" 7 22 mm
8" 8 25 mm
10" 9.25 29 mm
12" 11.5 36 mm
14" 12.5 40 mm
H16 12.5 40 mm
H20 13.5 43 mm
H24 13 41 mm
Connections
Clamp
OTE! The torque wrench should not be used

N
to remove bolts.

Clamp Connections 6
6.2 Disassembly
Extra:
Connections
An 8" hub should have 4 turns per nut so that the Clamp
total slack per bolt is 8 turns or 25 mm. The sealing
ring now should be pressurized and the clamp
should be free to rotate.
If the clamp can now rotate freely, further work with
disassembling the clamp may continue.
133
6 Clamp Connections
6.2 Disassembly
6.2.2 Phase 2 (open connection)
WARNING:
If the clamp, after the number of turns is

complete, cannot rotate freely around the hub,
this indicates that there can be tension in the
pipe system or that there is still pressure in
the pipe. In this case, all further work should
be stopped and a technical supervisor/system
supervisor should be contacted.
Also be aware that any tension in the pipe
system can be freed when someone tries to
rotate the clamp.
There can be tension in the pipe that is first
released when the sealing ring slips on one of
the sides. Care should be shown during the
Connections
removal of the clamps. It is recommended that

Clamp
you secure the pipe system in advance.

In cases where the sealing ring cannot be
released when the clamps are removed, steps
should be initiated to discharge the hub.

Clamp Connections 6
6.2 Disassembly
6.2.2 Phase 2 (open connection)
Connections
Clamp
WARNING:
With disassembly of blind hubs, great care

should be exercised. Never stand in front of blind
hubs during disassembly.
135
6 Clamp Connections
6.3 Inspection
Immediately after
the connection is
disassembled and
cleaned, it should inspected.
Additional inspection
personnel may be needed to
perform an internal, visual inspection of pipes/hub
and with welds between hub and pipe/equipment.
If there is damage, this should be reported to a
technical supervisor. Any tension in the pipe system
should be reported to a technical supervisor.

Connections
Clamp
Troubleshooting leaks
or more information about troubleshooting
F
leaking flanges refer to: Appendix “Checklist
for leaking flanges”.

Clamp Connections 6
6.4 Alignment
The hubs shall be set up in parallel for assembly of

sealing rings and clamps. The hubs should be set
up so that the lips of the sealing ring enter the light
gasket surface on both hubs, and guide the hubs
together in the correct way during the tightening of
the bolts in the clamps.
Never try to correct a bad setup using a clamp/bolt
tightening alone. Use hoists or other approved tool.
Relevant temporary alignment with the help of hoists,
etc. should first be removed when the clamps are
finally assembled. The alignment forces to be used
should be evaluated and approved by a technical
supervisor.
Connections
Clamp
137
6 Clamp Connections
6.5 Assembly

1. Seal surfaces on hubs should be checked
for damage, corrosion and wear, and that the
seal surface is free of coatings from painting
and preservative. The clamp’s contact surface
against the nuts should also be free of any paint
and preservative. Galvanizing or a thin layer with
primer is permitted.
cleaning.
3. Do the cleaning along the seal surface. Ensure
that the cleaning does not create radial tracks on
the seal surface. You should pay careful attention
to damage in a radial direction.
Connections
Clamp

Clamp Connections 6
6.5 Assembly
6.5.1 Sealing ring
Clean and lubricate the contact surface between

a hub and clamp with an approved lubricant, so
that the clamp slides more easily into place during
assembly.
Clamp connections are made from several types
of materials. Therefore it is important to check the
labeling on the sealing ring to be certain that both
the material and quality are in accordance with the
bolting chart.
Connections
Clamp
139
6 Clamp Connections
6.5 Assembly
6.5.1 Sealing ring
1. Opening between the hubs should be larger than

the thickness of the sealing ring so that this is not
damaged during assembly.
2. A new sealing ring should always cover the
clamp connections that have been opened.
marked on the ring.
able to “rock” when it is placed in the hub. Check
against both the hubs! It is also important to
check that the sealing ring’s collar lies parallel to
the hub. The manufacturer of the hub may have
created a table for how much the ring should be
able to rock (Stand-off). Check this.
5. The sealing rings for clamp connections that
are covered with Teflon (PTFE) should not be
Connections
lubricated. In cases where the rings are not

Clamp
Teflon-coated, these are lubricated with a thin

coating of Vaseline or thin machine oil.

Clamp Connections 6
6.5 Assembly
6.5.2 Bolts
The bolt’s labeling is stamped on one end. The


hydraulic wrench equipment will be used. The bolting
chart also indicates which type of lubrication should
be used on bolts and nuts.
Connections
1. Nuts and bolts without markings should not be Clamp
used.
141
6 Clamp Connections
6.6 Tightening

bolting chart.
assembled in the clamp.
be lubricated on the side where the tool is
installed.
flange.
opposite clamp.
Connections
Clamp

lubricated.

Clamp Connections 6
6.6 Tightening
Between each tightening sequence, and before

checking tightness, you should ensure that the
clamps do not hang on the hub’s conical contact
surface. This can be done by tapping on the clamp
with a suitable hammer.
Connections
Clamp
143
6 Clamp Connections
1. Check that the gap between the clamps is the

same on both sides. This distance should be
specified by the supplier.
The table below is an example:
CLAMP 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 XF 8
SIZE
GAP A 6.4 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.6 15.8 12.0 19.4
[mm]
CLAMP X8 10H X1CH 12M X12M A-P S U

SIZE
GAP A 19.4 19.4 16.0 19.4 16.0 25.4 19.0 25.4
[mm]
CLAMP 3V 3Y X14 X16 X18 X20 X24

SIZE
GAP A 25.4 25.4 19.0 19.0 25.4 25.4 25.4
[mm]
Connections
Clamp

Clamp Connections 6
2. Sign “Activity and Inspection Schedule”.

supervisor.
the flange.
Connections
Clamp
145
6 Clamp Connections
The supervisor for assembly should fill out and

sign “Activity and inspection schedule” after each
time that the hubs are assembled and the bolt
connections are tightened with the prescribed
5. Old markings should be removed, and a new
label sheet should be hung on the clamp
connection.
Check that the support ring on the sealing ring has
contact with both the hubs. If there is a gap, the
connection is not correctly assembled. Check that
the distance between the clamps is correct in relation
to the table from a supplier.
6. If it is necessary to use abnormally large forces
to correct the hubs before normal tightening
procedures can be started, this should be stated
in the marking field in “Activity and inspection
schedule” by the technician doing the work. The
deviation should be recorded in the company’s
Connections
system for handling deviations.

Clamp


Clamp Connections 6
Connections
Clamp
147
7Appendix
Appendix 7
150-151
152-163
164-166
168-171
172-173
174-200
201-203
204-205
206-207
7 Appendix
7.1 Safety Moments
7.1.1 Locking pin
hen working at assigned

W
locations or at heights,
additional safety pins
should be inserted
between tools and parts
as shown.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.1 Safety Moments
7.1.2 Locking disk
When working on flanges, where there is a

need to grip or hold onto the tool, a locking
disk should be installed to prevent clamp
damage. For example where the tools have
to be installed on the underside of the flange.
Appendix
151
7 Appendix
7.2 Tool Use
7.2.1 Loosen bolts, hydraulic wrench

wrenches. It is recommended that you use four
tools during disassembly.
counterhold.
3. The counterhold keys shall be placed on the
same bolts as the wrenches.
4. The counterhold keys shall prevent the nuts from
Install the equipment and check it as described for
tightening. Set the pump for maximum pressure.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.2 Tool Use
RTJ, RF/FF, API 6A

Loosen 1/2 of a turn at a
time. Follow the procedure
for cross wrenching, until the
NCF5
Loosen 1/6th of a turn at a
time. Follow the procedure
for cross wrenching, until the
Loosen the bolts until there are a couple of

flange. Carefully hit the flange with a hammer so that
the gasket loosens. Appendix
153
7 Appendix
7.2 Tool Use
Normally it is easiest to use a tool to loosen bolts.

Perform the disassembly in a cross direction.
Assemble the tool with a 3 mm light

opening between the wrench and the
cylinder.
Pressurize the tool slowly until the

nut can be unscrewed from the
bolt. Turn the nut a 1/2 time around.
Repeat the operation until all of the
nuts are loosened.
Alternatively, the tool may be

installed as described under the
assembly. Pressurize the tool slowly
until the bolts loosen.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.2 Tool Use
7.2.3 Tighten bolts, hand tool
In accordance with NORSOK L-004, torque

wrenches may be used for bolt sizes up to and
including 1". Check that the tool’s calibration is valid
with respect to EN ISO/IEC 6789/17025.
Use a torque wrench if a hydraulic tool isn’t
appropriate. To avoid deformation in the spring, the
key should always be reset after use – this does not
apply to Stahlwille keys as shown. Follow guidelines
from the supplier of the torque wrench.
Appendix
155
7 Appendix
7.2 Tool Use
7.2.4 Tighten bolts, hydraulic wrench

Appendix

Appendix 7
7.2 Tool Use
Tightening procedure with 1 tool

1. 1 revolution across with 30% of the given moment.
2. 1 revolution across with 60% of the given moment.
3. 2 revolutions across with 100% of the given
moment.
4. After the last tightening, all bolts should be
checked with full moment.
5. Do checks in a clockwise This procedure
also applies for
direction. use of a torque
wrench.
Tightening procedure with 2 tools
1. 1 revolution across with 50% of the given
moment.
2. 2 revolutions across with 100% of the given
moment.
4. Do checks in a clockwise direction.
Tightening procedure with 4 tools
1. Tighten all bolts with the given moment in the
bolting chart 2 times.
2. Check that the tools are placed crosswise at all
times.
Appendix
4. Do checks in a clockwise direction.
157
7 Appendix
7.2 Tool Use
1. Check that the bolt extension

beyond the nut is no longer than
the bolt’s diameter.
2. Place a cap over nuts.
3. Check the tool size with a bolting

table.
4. Assemble bridge and hydraulic
head.
5. Assemble the wrench cap. The

tool is installed on each bolt
around the entire flange.
6. Connect the hydraulic hoses.

Check that all quick connections
Appendix
are properly connected together.

Appendix 7
7.2 Tool Use
7. Pressurize the tools with

A-pressure given in the bolting
chart.
8. Screw down nuts with a
Tommy bar.
9. Turn off pressure and screw

down the wrench cap. Screw the
cylinder back with the wrench cap.
10. Repeat points 7, 8 and 9 three
times or until the nuts have
seated themselves.
11. Move the tools over to the
next bolt set. Pressurize with
B-pressure, given in the bolting
chart and follow the same
procedure as for A-pressure.
12. Check release pressure. Place a

minimum of two tools on the first
bolt set and increase the pressure
to B-pressure. If the bolts loosen
before this pressure is reached,
Appendix
the entire tightening procedure

will have to be done again.
159
7 Appendix
7.2 Tool Use
7.2.6 Tighten bolts, mechanical wrench,

procedure for Stealth and LoaDisc
1. Assemble the bolts in the flange. Assemble

LoaDisc on the side the tool is installed, and
normal nuts on the opposite side. After LoaDisc
is installed, there should be a bolt extension of
about one bolt diameter. If it does not need a
counterhold, there is no pinch danger.
h = min. bolt diameter
2. Lubricate the bolt’s threads and the contact

surface of the nut with an even layer of the given
lubricant. Assemble the last nuts, so that LoaDisc
is an underlay, between the nuts and flange on
Appendix
the side where the tool is installed.

Appendix 7
7.2 Tool Use

procedure for Stealth and LoaDisc
3. Tighten the flanges:

3.1 Install the tools in a
cross and set the pump
to 100% of the given
pump pressure. Use the
bolting table for LoaDisc.
Follow standard tightening
procedure.
3.2 Install the tools on any

bolt and tighten with
100% of the given pump
pressure. Use the bolting
table for LoaDisc. Follow
standard tightening
procedure.
Appendix
161
7 Appendix
7.2 Tool Use

procedure for Avanti and ClampNut
1. Assemble the bolts in the flange. Lubricate the

bolt’s threads on the side where ClampNut is
installed. Install Hytorc ClampNut. Ensure that all
threads are engaged.
If it does not need a counterhold, there is no
pinch danger.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.2 Tool Use

procedure for Avanti and ClampNut
2. Tighten the flanges:

2.1 Install the tools on
any bolt and tighten
with 100% of the
given pump pressure.
Use a bolting chart
for ClampNut. Follow
standard tightening
procedure.
2.2 Install the tools on all

the bolts and tighten
with 100% of the
given pump pressure.
Use a bolting chart
for ClampNut. Follow
standard tightening
procedure.
Appendix
163
7 Appendix
7.3 Bolt Tables
ISO PN 20 - ASME Class 150 ISO PN 50 - ASME Class 300
Flange Bolts Bolts
PN inch bolt nut bolt nut bolt nut bolt nut
number dia. dia. dia. number dia. dia. dia.
15 1/2" 4 14 22 1/2" 7/8" 4 14 22 1/2" 7/8"
20 3/4" 4 14 22 1/2" 7/8" 4 16 24 5/8" 1-1/15"
25 1" 4 14 22 1/2" 7/8" 4 16 24 5/8" 1-1/16"
32 1-1/4" 4 14 22 1/2" 7/8" 4 16 24 5/8" 1-1/15"
40 1-1/2" 4 14 22 1/2" 7/8" 8 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4"
50 2" 4 16 24 5/8" 1-1/16" 8 16 24 5/8" 1-1/15"
65 2-1/2" 4 16 24 5/8" 1-1/16" 8 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4"
80 3" 4 16 24 5/8" 1-1/16" 8 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4"
90 3-1/2" 8 16 24 5/8" 1-1/16" 8 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4"
100 4" 8 16 24 5/8" 1-1/16" 8 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4"
125 5" 8 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4" 8 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4"
150 6" 8 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4" 12 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4"
200 8" 8 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4" 12 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16"
250 10" 12 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16" 16 27 41 1" 1-5/8"
300 12" 12 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16" 16 30 46 1-1/8" 1-13/16"
350 14" 12 27 41 1" 1-5/8" 20 30 46 1-1/8" 1-13/16"
400 16" 16 27 41 1" 1-5/8" 20 33 50 1-1/4" 2"
450 18" 16 30 46 1-1/8" 1-13/16" 24 33 50 1-1/4" 2"
500 20" 20 30 46 1-1/8" 1-13/16" 24 33 50 1-1/4" 2"
600 24" 20 33 50 1-1/4" 2" 24 33 50 1-1/4" 2"
650 26" 24 33 50 1-1/4" 2" 28 42 65 1-5/8" 2-9/16"
700 28" 28 33 50 1-1/4" 2" 28 42 65 1-5/8" 2-9/16"
750 30" 28 33 50 1-1/4" 2" 28 45 70 1-3/4" 2-3/4"
800 32" 28 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8" 28 48 75 1-7/8" 2-15/16"
850 34" 32 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8" 28 48 75 1-7/8" 2-15/16"
900 36" 32 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8" 32 52 80 2" 3-1/8"
950 38" 32 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8" 32 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8"
1,000 40" 36 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8" 32 42 65 1-5/8" 2-9/16"
1,050 42" 36 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8" 32 42 65 1-5/8" 2-9/16"
1,100 44" 40 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8" 32 45 70 1-3/4" 2-3/4"
Appendix
1,150 46" 40 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8" 28 48 75 1-7/8" 2-15/16"

1,200 48" 44 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8" 32 48 75 1-7/8" 2-15/16"

Appendix 7
7.3 Bolt Tables
Flange Bolts Bolts
15 1/2" 4 14 22 1/2" 7/8" 4 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4"
20 3/4" 4 16 24 5/8" 1-1/16" 4 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4"
25 1" 4 16 24 5/8" 1-1/16" 4 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16"
32 1-1/4" 4 16 24 5/8" 1-1/16" 4 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16"
40 1-1/2" 8 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4" 4 27 41 1" 1-5/8"
50 2" 4 16 24 5/8" 1-1/16" 8 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16"
65 2-1/2" 8 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4" 8 27 41 1" 1-5/8"
80 3" 8 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4" 8 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16"
90 3-1/2" 8 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16"
100 4" 8 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16" 8 30 46 1-1/8" 1-13/16"
125 5" 8 27 41 1" 1-5/8" 8 33 50 1-1/4" 2"
150 6" 12 27 41 1" 1-5/8" 12 30 46 1-1/8" 1-13/16"
200 8" 12 30 46 1-1/8" 1-13/16" 12 36 55 1-3/8" 2-3/16"
250 10" 16 33 50 1-1/4" 2" 16 36 55 1-3/8" 2-3/16"
300 12" 20 33 50 1-1/4" 2" 20 36 55 1-3/8" 2-3/16"
350 14" 20 36 55 1-3/8" 2-3/16" 20 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8"
400 16" 20 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8" 20 42 65 1-5/8" 2-9/16"
450 18" 20 42 65 1-5/8" 2-9/16" 20 48 75 1-7/8" 2-15/16"
500 20" 24 42 65 1-5/8" 2-9/16" 20 52 80 2" 3-1/8"
600 24" 24 33 50 1-1/4" 2" 20 64 95 2-1/2" 3-7/8"
650 26" 28 42 65 1-5/8" 2-9/16" 20 68 100 2-3/4" 4-1/4"
700 28" 28 42 65 1-5/8" 2-9/16" 20 76 110 3" 4-5/8"
750 30" 28 45 70 1-3/4" 2-3/4" 20 76 110 3" 4-5/8"
800 32" 28 48 75 1-7/8" 2-15/16" 20 80 115 3-1/4" 5"
850 34" 28 48 75 1-7/8" 2-15/16" 20 90 130 3-1/2" 5-3/8"
900 36" 28 52 80 2" 3-1/8" 20 90 130 3-1/2" 5-3/8"
950 38" 28 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8" 20 90 130 3-1/2" 5-3/8"
1,000 40" 32 42 65 1-5/8" 2-9/16" 24 90 130 3-1/2" 5-3/8"
1,050 42" 28 42 65 1-5/8" 2-9/16" 24 90 130 3-1/2" 5-3/8"
1,100 44" 32 45 70 1-3/4" 2-3/4" 24 95 135 3-3/4" 5-3/4"
Appendix
1,150 46" 32 48 75 1-7/8" 2-15/16" 24 100 145 4" 6-1/8"

1,200 48" 32 48 75 1-7/8" 2-15/16" 24 100 145 4" 6-1/8"
165
7 Appendix
7.3 Bolt Tables
Flange Bolts Bolts
15 1/2" 4 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4" 4 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4"
20 3/4" 4 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4" 4 20 30 3/4" 1-1/4"
25 1" 4 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16" 4 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16"
32 1-1/4" 4 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16" 4 27 41 1" 1-5/8"
40 1-1/2" 4 27 41 1" 1-5/8" 4 30 46 1-1/8" 1-13/16"
50 2" 8 24 36 7/8" 1-7/16" 8 27 41 1" 1-5/8"
65 2-1/2" 8 27 41 1" 1-5/8" 8 30 46 1-1/8" 1-13/16"
80 3" 8 30 46 1-1/8" 1-13/16" 8 33 50 1-1/4" 2"
90 3-1/2"
100 4" 8 33 50 1-1/4" 2" 8 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8"
125 5" 8 39 60 1-1/2" 2-3/8" 8 45 70 1-3/4" 2-3/4"
150 6" 12 36 55 1-3/8" 2-3/16" 8 52 80 2" 3-1/8"
200 8" 12 42 65 1-5/8" 2-9/16" 12 52 80 2" 3-1/8"
250 10" 12 48 75 1-7/8" 2-15/16" 12 64 95 2-1/2" 3-7/8"
300 12" 16 52 80 2" 3-1/8" 12 68 100 2-3/4" 4-1/4"
350 14" 16 56 85 2-1/4" 3-1/2"
400 16" 16 64 95 2-1/2" 3-7/8"
450 18" 16 68 100 2-3/4" 4-1/4"
500 20" 16 76 110 3" 4-5/8"
600 24" 16 90 130 3-1/2" 5-3/8"
650 26"
700 28"
750 30"
800 32"
850 34"
900 35"
950 38"
1,000 40"
1,050 42"
1,100 44"
Appendix
1,150 46"
1,200 48"

Appendix 7
7.3 Bolt Tables
Bolts ASTM A 193 - A 320 Nuts A 194 4 and 7
Inches Metric
Bolts Thread pitch Nut size Bolts Size Thread pitch Nut size
Size Inch mn. mm
3/8" 16 11/16" 17.5 M3 1.25 13
7/16" 14 3/4" 19 M10 1.5 17
112" 13 7/8" 22.2 M12 1.75 19
9/16" 12 15/16" 23.8 M14 2 22
5/3" 11 1-1/16" 27 M16 2 24
3/4" 10 1-1/4" 31.7 M18 2.5 27
7/8" 9 1-7/16" 36.5 M20 2.5 30
1" 8 1-5/8" 41.3 M22 2.5 32
1-1/8" 8 1-13/16" 46 M24 3 36
1-1/4" 8 2" 50.8 M27 3 41
1-3/8" 8 2-3/16" 55.6 M30 3.5 or 3.0 46
1-1/2" 8 2-3/8" 60.3 M33 3.5 or 3.0 50
1-5/8" 8 2-9/16" 65.1 M36 4.0 or 3.0 55
1-3/4" 8 2-3/4" 69.8 M39 4.0 or 3.0 60
1-7/8" 8 2-15/16" 74.6 M42 4.5 or 3.0 65
2" 8 3-1/8" 79.4 M45 4.5 or 3.0 70
2-1/4" 8 3-1/2" 88.9 M48 5.0 or 3.0 75
2-1/2" 8 3-7/8" 98.4 M52 5.0 or 3.0 80
2-3/4" 8 4-1/4" 108 M56 5.5 or 4.0 85
3" 8 4-5/8" 117.5 M60 6.0 or 4.0 90
3-1/4" 8 5" 127 M64 6.0 or 4.0 95
3-1/2" 8 5-3/8" 136.5 M68 6.0 or 4.0 100
3-3/4" 8 5-3/4" 146 M72 6.0 or 4.0 105
4" 8 6-1/8" 155.6 M76 6.0 or 4.0 110
M80 6.0 or 4.0 115
M85 6.0 or 4.0 120
M90 6.0 or 4.0 130
Appendix
M95 6.0 or 4.0 135

M100 6.0 or 4.0 145
167
7 Appendix
7.4 Tables ASME RTJ, gap
Nominal diameter [inches]
Class Class Class Class Class Class Class
150 300 400 600 900 1500 2500
NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS
1/2 1/2
1/2
3/4 3/4 1-1/2 or 1/2
3/4
1
1 1 1 3/4
1-1/4
1-1/4 1-1/4 1-1/4 1
1-1/2
1-1/2 1-1/2 1-1/2
1-1/4
2
2 2 1-1/2
2
2-1/2
2-1/2 2-1/2 2
21.2
2-1/2
3
3 (2) (2)
3 (2) (2) 3
3
3-1/2
3-1/2 3-1/2
3
4
4 4 4 4
4
4
5
5 5 5 5
5
6
5
6 6 6 6
Appendix
6
6
8
8 8 8 8

Appendix 7
Approximate distance between flanges inside with a sealing ring [mm]

150 300 400 600 900 1500 2500
3 3
4
4 4 4
4 Example
4 Class 150 NPS 4:
4 4 4 4 The flange connec-
4 tion has a nominal
4 4 4 4 gap of 4 mm.
4
4 4 4 Explanation
3 Class: Pressure
4 rating NPS 4: 4"
6 5 3 flange
3
4
6 5 3
3
3
4
6 5 4
3
4
6 5
3
4
6 6 5 4
4
3
4
6 6 5 4
4
4
3
Appendix
6 6 5 4
3
4
4
6 6 5 4
169
7 Appendix
Nominal diameter [inches]
150 300 400 600 900 1500 2500
NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS NPS
8
8
10
10 10 10 10
10
10
12
12 12 12 12
12
14
12
14 14 14
14
14
16
16 16 16
16
16
18
18 18 18
18
18
20
20 20 20
20
20
24
24 24 24
24
24
Appendix

Appendix 7
Approximate distance between flanges inside with a sealing ring [mm]

150 300 400 600 900 1500 2500
4
5
4
6 6 5 4
4
6
4
6 6 5 4
5
3
8
6 6 5
4
6
3
6 6 5
4
8
3
6 5 5
5
8
3
6 6 5
5
10
3
6 6 6
6
11
Appendix
171
7 Appendix
7.5 Tables API 6A Type 6B, gap
Type R ring seal Type RX ring seal
Approximate distance Approximate distance

Ring number between assembled Ring number between assembled
flanges [mm] flanges [mm]
R20 4.1 RX20 9.7
R23 4.8 RX23 11.9
R24 4.8 RX24 11.9
R26 4.8 RX25 -
R27 4.8 RX26
RX27 11.9
R31 4.8 RX31 11.9
R35 4.8 RX35 11.9
R37 4.8 RX37 11.9
R39 4.8 RX39 11.9
R41 4.8
RX41 11.9
R44 4.8 RX44 11.9
R45 4.8 RX45 11.9
R46 4.8 RX46 11.9
R47 4.1 RX47 23.1
R49 4.8 RX49 11.9
Appendix
R50 4.1 RX50 11.9

R53 4.8 RX53 11.9
R54 4.1 RX54 11.9
R57 4.8 RX57 11.9

Appendix 7
7.5 Tables API 6A Type 6B, gap
>> continued from page 172
Type R ring seal Type RX ring seal
Approximate distance Approximate distance

Ring number between assembled Ring number between assembled
flanges [mm] flanges [mm]
R63 5.6 RX63 21.3
R65 4.8 RX65 11.9
R66 4.1 RX66 11.9
R69 4.8 RX69 11.9
R70 4.8 RX70 18.3
R73 3.3 RX73 15.0
RX74 18.3
R74 4.8 RX82 11.9
R82 4.8 RX84 11.9
R84 4.8 RX85 9.7
R85 3.3
R86 4.1 RX86 9.7
RX87 9.7
R87 4.1 RX88 9.7
R88 4.8 RX89 9.7
R89 4.8 RX90 18.3
R90 4.8 RX91 19.1
R91 4.1 RX99 11.9
Appendix
R99 4.8 RX201 -

RX205 -
RX210 -
RX215 -
173
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
7.6.1 Pipe support with springs
A pipe system is affected by several different forces:

• Temperature
• Pressure
• Flow forces
• Imposed deformations
• Wind
• Explosion
• Etc.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports
To withstand these influences, a pipe system must

be constructed in a controlled way. The goal with
the construction is that the system shall be fixed at
individual points, but it is allowed to shift at other
points. It is especially important to avoid trapped
tension forces because of either temperature or
deformations suffered.
In some cases it is difficult to achieve a construction
that ensures that the pipe is not overloaded
because of weight, at the same time that you avoid
trapped tension forces because of temperature or
deformation. In such cases springs are often used
(“spring supports”).
Appendix
175
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
7.6.2 Objective with springs
Springs are often used in situations where spigots

on the equipment are involved. A spigot on a tank,
pump, compressor or the like has a limited capacity
to absorb the forces from the pipe system. Therefore,
a pipe support should normally be installed in the
immediate vicinity of the spigot to unload this.
In an ideal world without movement of these spigots
or thermal expansion of the pipe, a normal pipe
support would be enough to let this be. In practice,
the situation is often that the spigot, temporarily,
moves in relation to the pipe system’s other pipe
supports. This is caused because the equipment has
a thermal expansion between its fixed point and the
spigot.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports
With a tank with a diameter of 5 m and the spigot to

the pipe system placed on the top of the tank, this
spigot will move about 6 mm vertically if the tank has
a temperature variation of 100°C.
Appendix
Figure 1.
177
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
If a normal “rest-support” (fixed pipe support) had

been installed in the neighborhood of the spigot, the
pipe will only lift from this pipe support when the tank
became hot. (See figures 2 and 3.) If the tank was
cooled, the pipe will be pressed down against the
pipe support/beam and there could be large imposed
forces.
If the pipe support is replaced with a flexible element
(see figure 3) like a spring, the majority of the pipe’s
weight will be borne by the spring. The spring will
“follow” the tank’s movement when it is exposed to
temperature changes.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports

AT PRESET (COLD) CONDITION AT OPERATING (HOT) CONDITION
WITHOUT SPRING SUPPORT WITHOUT SPRING SUPPORT
Figure 2.
AT PRESET (COLD) CONDITION AT OPERATING (HOT) CONDITION

WITH SPRING SUPPORT WITH SPRING SUPPORT
Appendix
Figure 3.
179
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
7.6.3 Variable springs
The simplest spring type is a so-called variable

spring. It is normally a device based on a coil spring.
Such a spring is characterized by three parameters:
• Tension
• Spring constant
• Permitted movement
The spring is delivered in different models where
the springs have different lengths, diameters and
thickness to achieve the desired parameters. The
spring constant is fixed for a concrete spring, but it is
possible to change the tension to a certain degree by
adjusting the spring.
Normally, a variable spring is constructed as shown
in figure 4, 5 and 6.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports

Suspension Lug
Preset Lock
(Both Sides)
Helical Coil
Spring Travel/Load
Indicator (lower
face of internal
pressure plate)
Stainless Steel
Travel/Load
Scale
Turnbuckle
Appendix
Figure 4.
181
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
TOP PLATE
PRESSURE
PLATE
CAN SECTION
LOCKING STUD
BOTTOM PLATE
TURNBUCKLE
Figure 5.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports
INFINITELY VARIABLE
LOCKING/BALANCING DEVICE
Figure 6.
The actual coil spring is inside a cylinder. A circular

plate over the spring is bound with a steel post that
transfers the force from the pipe.
Some springs have a sliding track in the cylinder
so that the plate can be locked in a specific
position which corresponds to the correct tension.
(See figure 4.) The locking plate is not removed as it
should be when the pipe system is put in operation.
(See figure 8.)
Other springs use lock nuts. (See figures 5 and 6.)
Appendix
183
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
When the springs come from the supplier, the spring

is pressed together corresponding to the correct
tension, and there are metal pieces inserted that
lock the plate in this position. This is done to simplify
correct installation of the spring. (See figure 4.)
For spring types that use locking nuts, you can check
if the spring has the correct load by trying to rotate
the locking nuts on one or another side of the spring
plate. If there is significant resistance, the spring
is not correctly installed and adjusted. Adjustment
is done by turning on the turnbuckle, for example
(turnbuckle). (See figures 5, 10 and 11.)
The sliding track is labeled with a scale so that you
can read the spring forces by looking where the plate
over the spring lies in relation to the scale. From
the scale you can also tell how much movement the
spring allows in each direction. (See figures 7 and 9.)
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports
Figure 7.
locked spring
Appendix
Figure 8.
185
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
Figure 9.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports
LOCKED UNLOCKED
Figure 10.
LOCKED UNLOCKED
Appendix
WITH LIMIT STOPS
Figure 11.
187
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
7.6.4 Constant springs
In some connections it is not acceptable that the

construction forces vary with the pipe’s movement.
His often applies to a connection with a spigot
on sensitive equipment combined with large
movements.
In such cases, constant springs are often used.
These are devices that provide a nearly constant
support force. In its simplest configuration, this can
be as simple as a weight on a pulley that provides a
constant force.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports
Figure 12.
Appendix
189
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
In offshore contexts, a coil spring that works

on the pipe through a mechanism is the most
common temporary solution, where the geometry
is selected so that the change of the spring force is
compensated by the mechanism.
A constant spring is characterized by two
parameters:
• Load
• Permitted movement
The desired load may be adjusted to some degree
for a concrete spring.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports
Bell Crank
LEVER
P1 x D = Fd
Figure 13.
Appendix
191
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
The constant spring is also equipped with a transport

protection device. This normally consists of a bolt
that locks the mechanism.
Figure 14.
There is a little guide that marks the spring’s position
in relation to the total movement the spring permits
(see figure 15). On the scale, two positions are
normally labeled. The one position corresponds
Appendix
to the installation position for the spring and the

other corresponds to the position with the pipe in
operation.

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports
The spring supplier sets these labels based on

information given in the order. The stress analysis
is a basis for this information, and the same spring
forces that are marked on the spring should normally
also be found on the “stress-iso”.
Figure 15. Appendix
193
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
7.6.5 Installation in a cold system
The supplier normally has created an installation

guideline that should be followed by the assigned
personnel. If the installation guidelines are not
attached to the work package, the assigned unit
should ask to get them sent and should study them
carefully before the work is done.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports
7.6.5 Installation in a cold system
The spring is installed mechanically and the

turnbuckle is adjusted until the transport
protection device begins to loosen. Afterwards, the
transport protection device should be taken out.
(See figures 4 and 8.)
Some types of springs use nuts to lock and adjust
movement. Check the installation guidelines.
(See figures 10, 11 and 16.)
INFINITELY VARIABLE
LOCKING/BALANCING DEVICE
Figure 16. Appendix
This procedure also applies for use of

a torque wrench.
195
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
7.6.6 Installation in a hot system
When the spring comes from the supplier, it is

adjusted for installation in a cold system. This means
that if the spring is installed in the same way as
described above, for an installation in a cold system,
the spring’s position will not be correct. The fact that
the pipe will not be in the installation position needs
to be compensated for.
To do this, those who are responsible for the
installation need to find out at what height the pipe is.
This should normally follow from a stress-iso. Here
you should note that the values given on “stress-
iso” normally refer to design temperatures, and it is
not a given that the concrete pipe has exactly that
temperature at the time of installation.
A typical example of this problem is springs on
flow-lines. A flow-line connects the Christmas tree
with production and test manifolds. Because of a
combination of pressure, temperature and settings
in the hill, the Christmas tree will move up and down.
When the flow-line is in operation with maximum
temperature and pressure, the spigot to the flow-line
will be in its highest position, corresponding to the
deformation that is used in the tension calculations.
When a spring should be installed on a flow-line in
Appendix
operation, the flow-line will normally stay in a position

somewhat under the maximum height dependent on
how high the temperature and pressure of the media

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports
7.6.6 Installation in a hot system

is. In such a situation, you should evaluate in which
position the spring should be adjusted. You cannot
set it in an “installation-position” until later since this
corresponds to the position for a cold well.
If the spring is installed as though the well were
cold, the spring can exceed the allowed movement
when the well comes down again. This will cause
abnormally large forces on the supports and can
cause damage.
The spring is installed mechanically and the
turnbuckle is adjusted until the transport protection
device begins to loosen. Thereafter, the transport
protection device is taken out. When the transport
protection is out, the turnbuckle can be adjusted
further so that it compensates for the fact that the
pipe is not in a cold position. This means that if
the pipe is 10 mm higher than it would be in a cold
position, the spring should be expanded 10 mm.
To install a spring in a system that is hot is a
demanding job that requires technical knowledge
and insight. Normally, the supervising “Pipe Stress
Engineer” should be contacted and give advice and
guidance to those who do the installation job.
Appendix
197
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
7.6.7 Inspection
In connection with inspecting the existing springs, the

following points should be checked:
1. Locking bricks/nuts (variable springs) or locking
pins (constant springs) should be removed.
2. The spring’s position in relation to the system
movement should be correct. Check this. If a
scale is not visible, normally the spring should be
replaced.
Different conditions over time can cause the situation
to change so that the spring comes out of its original
position. This can cause the spring to come outside
of its work area, and this will then go to an end-
position. If this occurs, the spring works as a fixed
support and the face can be damaged.
Appendix

Appendix 7
7.6 Spring Supports
7.6.7 Inspection
3. General conditions: Over time, the spring may

be damaged because of corrosion. Finally, the
spring characteristics are changed because of
reduced material, or that parts of the spring have
broken off.
4. Check that “Spring Support” takes a load.
5. Condition of post and clamps around the pipe.
6. Check that movable parts are not corroded so
much that they don’t function.
7. A “Spring Support” should not be replaced with
a chain, post or other similar without this being
approved in advance by a supervising “Pipe
Stress Engineer”.
Appendix
199
7 Appendix
7.6 Spring Supports
7.6.7 Inspection
Figure 17.
Example-drawing of a hanging arrangement with
springs.
Appendix
Figure 18.
Example of a detailed drawing of a spring. Note that the
locking nuts are in a locked position and a spring is loaded.

Appendix 7
7.7 Checklist for Leaking Flanges
(Installation) TAG NO.: ____________
1: Flange size _______ Pressure rating _________Spec.:__________

A: Flange material: Flange 1 __________ Flange 2 _________
B: Bolt size ________ Bolt quality ____________
C: Distance flange flange at 12:00 pm _____ at 3:00 pm _____
at 6:00 pm _____ at 9:00 pm _____
D: Distance flange flange at the seal surface: at 12:00 pm _____ at 3:00 pm _____
at 6:00 pm ______ at 9:00 pm _____
E: Tool type used ________ Tool number________ Pump pressure _________
Number of tools _______ Lubricant used ________
F: Gasket type used _________ Material ________ Size ___________
G: Tension in the pipe system _________ Is the pipe ready for tightening ______
H: Is the flange signed?___________ Is the right chart used? _____________
I: Which pump pressure were the nuts loosened with?________
PSI which tool no. ___________________
What does this correspond to in N·m? ___________
How much should this be tightened according to the chart? ________
2: Is the ring in accordance with the pipe spec or the bolting chart? ___________
A: Is the ring deformed? _________ Is it deformed evenly? _________
Is it deformed at points? _________
B: Is there movement in the ring when it is put into the track? ___________
C: With use of a new ring is there movement in that?____________
D: Is the blind flange used? _________ Is this free of damage?___________
E: Have the rings been used several times?_____________
F: Have the flanges been used several times? _____________
G: Is the ring track within tolerances? ___________
Appendix
H: Are there foreign elements in the seal surface? ________ If so what? _______
Date:__________________ Signature:____________________________
201
7 Appendix
With leaking flanges: Lower pressure!
1. Check the parallelism

of the flange, use feeler
gate at 12:00, 3:00,
6:00 and 9:00 pm.
See the tightening
procedure.
2. Check that the bolting

table that is used is in
accordance with the
actual line number.
3. Verify that all the bolts

are tightened with the
Appendix
right moment. See the

tightening procedure.

Appendix 7
4. If the flange has any leaks, disassemble and

check:
Gasket type, material quality, gasket size and
pressure rating.
Deformations and damage to flange/contact
surfaces.
Report to a qualified
personnel for further
evaluation.
5. Check that the contact surfaces and the bolt’s

threads are properly
lubricated. Lubricate
all the bolts.
6. Insert a new gasket

and start the tightening
procedure in accordance
with the applicable bolting
chart.
Appendix
203
7 Appendix
7.8 Example of Tightening Sheet
Tightening sheet with respect to OLF

ASSEMBLY
AO No.:
PIPE SPEC:
PIPE DIM:
Type Material
Gasket:
Date:
Done by:
TIGHTENING
Tool:
Pump
pressure:
Moment:
Date:
Done by:
Appendix

Appendix 7
Appendix
205
LEAK TEST
PRESSURE OK DATE SIGNATURE

N2 - TEST
also includes
N2/Helium
TEST WITH DD.MM.YY INITIALS
PRESSURE ERROR
Gas test
Process
pressure
TEST WITH DD.MM.YY INITIALS
PRESSURE ERROR
7 Appendix
7.9 Example: “Activity and Inspection Schedule”
ACTIVITY AND INSPECTION

Description:
Work Order No.: Drawing No.:
Operating System
Mechanic
Supervisor
Dimension Ø"
Pipe Material/Hydraulic Tool

Ready for Disassembled/
class/
No. disassembly blind
Pipe
spec. Pump
Gasket Key Moment
Date Signature Date Signature Tool No. pressure
type width (n/m)
PSI
Work is finished and the equipment may be Technician performing work:

set back into normal operation
Date:
Appendix

Appendix 7
SCHEDULE Isolation can start: Page of

Operating section:
Date: Signature:
Operating System Notes

Mechanic Mechanic
Supervisor Reviewed by another if:
- tension in the pipe
Finish tightened/
Assembled Approved - multiple signatures
turned
Date Signature Date Signature Date Signature The back side can also be used if
needed
Operating system supervisor approved:

Signature: Date: Signature:
Appendix
207
7 Appendix
Appendix

Appendix 7
Appendix
209
Notes

Notes
211
Notes

Notes
213
Notes

Notes
215
If you have any questions, feedback or comments on the
contents of the handbook, contact the head of Expertise
Development for the Norwegian Oil and Gas
Association via the switchboard, telephone number +47
51 84 65 00.
www.norskoljeoggass.no

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FLANGE WORK

2. ASME RTJ 16-39

3. ASME RF/FF 42-65

4. API 6A Type 6B/BX 68-91

5. NCF5 Compact 93-123

6. Clamp Connections 126-147

Norwegian Oil and Gas has developed a handbook

6 Flange Work Handbook

1. Always maintain a good overview of the work site

8 Flange Work Handbook

Normally, the following should be included in a work

The responsible planner for the job shall ensure that:

10 Flange Work Handbook

The person responsible for the execution (mechanic)

7. That the relevant insulation is removed and heat

12 Flange Work Handbook

2.1 Flange and Gasket 16-17

2.2 Disassembly 18-23

2.3 Inspection 24-25

2.4 Alignment 26-28

2.5 Assembly 29-35

2.6 Follow-up Inspection 36-39

ASME Ring Type Joint, has a ring track fitted to

the type of ring that is specified in the

16 Flange Work Handbook

During tightening, the ring molds to the contact

2.2.1 Phase 1 (loosen bolts)

Check that the safety declaration

During disassembly, never assume

Check the flange gap inside the ring

Check for tension in the pipe system.

18 Flange Work Handbook

2.2.1 Phase 1 (loosen bolts)

The bolts should be loosened

CHECK THAT RELEVANT HSE

All deviations shall be logged in the

2.2.1 Phase 1 (loosen bolts)

1. Use the maximum pump pressure for hydraulic

*For disassembly with hydraulic wrench tool:

20 Flange Work Handbook

2.2.1 Phase 1 (loosen bolts)

2.2.2 Phase 2 (open flange)

22 Flange Work Handbook

2.2.2 Phase 2 (open flange)

Inspection personnel may need to be called in to

24 Flange Work Handbook

If the flanges are not assembled immediately,

For more information about inspection

2.4.1 Skewed connection

Tension in the pipe system that requires

See ASME PCC-1-2010 Appendix E for guidelines

Permitted manufacturing tolerances can mean that

26 Flange Work Handbook

2.4.1 Skewed connection

2.4.2 Parallel shifts

Flanges that are parallel-shifted should

1. Use available alignment tool.

• Never try to align the flange connection with

28 Flange Work Handbook

*For disassembly with hydraulic wrench tool:

*For disassembly with hydraulic wrench tool:

*For disassembly with