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    Flange Joint and Flange Management

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    siraphat.bm
    The document discusses flange joints and their components such as flanges, stud bolts, nuts and gaskets. It describes different types of flanges including weld neck, swivel ring, slip-on and compact flanges. It also discusses gasket types and materials for nuts and bolts. Proper flange assembly, torque tightening and tensioning are important to ensure leak-free joints and avoid damage to components. Bolted joints must be assembled correctly using the appropriate procedures and tools to safely join pipes together.

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    Flange Joint and Flange Management

    Uploaded by

    siraphat.bm
    1K views20 pages
    The document discusses flange joints and their components such as flanges, stud bolts, nuts and gaskets. It describes different types of flanges including weld neck, swivel ring, slip-on and compact flanges. It also discusses gasket types and materials for nuts and bolts. Proper flange assembly, torque tightening and tensioning are important to ensure leak-free joints and avoid damage to components. Bolted joints must be assembled correctly using the appropriate procedures and tools to safely join pipes together.

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    Flange Joint and Flange Management

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    The document discusses flange joints and their components such as flanges, stud bolts, nuts and gaskets. It describes different types of flanges including weld neck, swivel ring, slip-on and compact flanges. It also discusses gasket types and materials for nuts and bolts. Proper flange assembly, torque tightening and tensioning are important to ensure leak-free joints and avoid damage to components. Bolted joints must be assembled correctly using the appropriate procedures and tools to safely join pipes together.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views20 pages

    Flange Joint and Flange Management

    Uploaded by

    siraphat.bm
    The document discusses flange joints and their components such as flanges, stud bolts, nuts and gaskets. It describes different types of flanges including weld neck, swivel ring, slip-on and compact flanges. It also discusses gasket types and materials for nuts and bolts. Proper flange assembly, torque tightening and tensioning are important to ensure leak-free joints and avoid damage to components. Bolted joints must be assembled correctly using the appropriate procedures and tools to safely join pipes together.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    The key takeaways are that different types of flanges are used depending on the application and pressure of the system. Proper installation and maintenance of flange gaskets and bolts is important to prevent leaks.

    The main components of a bolted flange joint are the flanges, stud bolts, nuts, and gasket or seal.

    Some common types of flanges are weld neck, swivel ring, slip-on, and compact flanges.

    FLANGE JOINT AND FLANGE MANAGEMENT

    A bolted joint has the following main components:


    1. Flanges
    2. Stud bolts
    3. Nuts
    4. Gasket or Seal.

    The purpose of these components, when used correctly, is to join two pieces of pipe
    work together without leakage of the contained product.

    There are various types of flanges available. The type and material of a flange to be used is
    dependent on the service duty of the line.

    Common flange types:


    Weld neck
    Swivel ring (Lap Joint)
    Slip on
    Compact

    WELD NECK - the WN flange is butt welded to the pipe. This type of flange is normally used for
    high pressure systems, often involving hazardous products.
    SWIVEL RING - as with the WN, a butt will be welded. A swivel ring sits over the hub and allows
    the pipe flanges to be bolted together. This type of flange is normally found on sub-sea
    applications where the swivel ring aids flange alignment.

    SLIP-ON flanges are designed to slide over the outside diameter of the pipe to which it will be
    welded. These flanges are attached to the pipe by fillet welding at the hub and at the end of the
    pipe inside the flange.

    Common Flange Facings


    COMPACT FLANGE (Norsok L005)
    No corrosion/erosion problems on flange faces
    Smaller and lighter alternative to conventional ANSI flanges
    Bolts of smaller diameter/tool fit issues
    Easy, quick and reliable make-up
    Suitable for high pressure or extreme temperature requirements
    Re-useable metal seal rings

    Behaviour of Nuts and Bolts

    Acts like a spring

    Hookes law
    Stress is directly proportional to strain
    Example of Bolt Materials:
    B7 General Usage bolt
    L7 Low temperature
    B7M & L7M
    B8M Class 2 Stainless Steel

    (Based on Project Requirement), For Example: All Stud Bolts Are To Be Lubricated with JetLube
    550 (K Factor = 0.12). All B8M Class 2 Bolts will be Torque Tightened

    Common Gasket Types


    SPIRAL WOUND GASKET (SWG)
    RING TYPE JOINT (RTJ)
    SOFT CUT TYPE GASKETS (C.N.A.F)
    INSULATING GASKET SETS
    TANGED GRAPHITE
    KAMMPROFILE
    FLANGE SURFACE FINISH
    Managing the Installation of Gaskets is a key element of Integrity
    Correct surface finish
    No flange surface damage or corrosion
    Ensure flange flatness
    Ensure it is the correct gasket and correct material
    Ensure the gasket is not damaged
    Do not force the gasket into position
    Do not use any grease.
    Do not use compounds - unless specified

    Flange Assembly
    Definition: The main purpose of the bolt and nut is to apply bolt load to the flange which
    maintains sufficient stress to the gasket to maintain the joint leak free in all conditions.
    Too high bolt loads causes:
    Excessive stress in bolts, joint members, and gaskets.
    High stress can damage components, create leak paths, and encourage stress
    corrosion cracking or fatigue failure.
    Overstressed gaskets can lose their elasticity and become unable to adapt to changes
    in load, creating a leak path when the system is pressurized.

    Insufficient bolt loads can result in:


    Lack of joint strength or rigidity.
    Bolt loosening due to vibration, thermal cycles, or other in-operational conditions.
    Joint slip and wear on the gasket
    Leakage due to insufficient gasket stress.
    Fatigue failure under cyclic loads

    Flange Assembly Checks


    Check that joint faces are clean and free from cuts, indentations and other marks. Note
    particularly the presence of radial marks crossing the joint face. For RTJ flanges careful inspection
    of the groove is important. The surface finish should be within the specified range.
    Check that flange faces are parallel, or that the pipe work is flexible to allow the flanges to be
    pulled parallel and concentric without undue bolt loads.

    No Paint on Nut bearing areas on back of Flange

    Preservation and Cleanliness


    Flange faces to be clean undamaged & corrosion free.
    All preservations substances removed.
    No grease or bolt lubricant on any gasket or flange face including grooves of ring type
    joints
    Correct Gasket Compression, Uniform Gasket Compression

    Flange faces shall be aligned within 0.5 m/m in 200 m/m measured across any diameter.
    Ref : ASME Piping Code B31.3
    Torque Tightening
    What is torque?

    Hand and Hydraulic Torque


    APPLIED TORQUE- FRICTIONAL LOSSES = RESIDUAL BOLT LOAD

    There are 3 main factors to take into account in order that the bolt forces determined are
    produced by the torque applied to the nut or bolt:
    1. Torque to stretch the bolt
    2. Torque to overcome friction at the bolt threads
    3. Torque to overcome friction at the nut spot face

    All Stud Bolts are to be lubricated with Jet Lube 550 only!
    Including Teflon coated and Stainless
    Note: All studs [Torque & Tension] to be lubricated!
    Hand torque wrench operation
    Pull the torque wrench steadily using its handgrip. An uncontrolled pull may result in a
    false reading/ torque being produced.
    As soon as your wrench indicates that the pre determined torque has been achieved by
    for example clicking or breaking stop pulling immediately.
    Continuing to pull past this indicated point may cause a higher than required torque to
    be applied, and may over stress the components of the joint.
    Always wind the torque wrench setting back to lowest value on the scale failure to do so
    will eventually cause damage to the internal spring
    A hand torque wrench should be kept clean, and handled with care. If it is dropped or
    knocked then calibration of the wrench should be carried out.
    Advantages / Disadvantages of Torque Tightening

    Advantages
    One wrench + range of sockets /cassettes can cover a number of bolt sizes
    Standard bolt/stud bolt length
    Simple to operate
    Tool cost
    Low profile tooling overcomes restricted access

    Disadvantages
    Control of lubrication critical
    Time consuming
    Uneven gasket load
    Torsional stresses developed
    Reaction point is required

    Hydraulic Bolt Tensioners

    When to Torque or Tension


    The principles are as follows:
    All B8M Class 2 bolts to be Torque Tightened.
    Flanges with stud bolts 2 and above will be tensioned.
    ANSI 1500# with bolt size 1.5 and above will be tensioned.
    Flanges with stud bolts below above mentioned sizes can be hand or hydraulic
    torqued depending on the torque value.

    What is bolt tensioning?


    Areas of load loss/transfer when tensioning
    When applying a Bolt Load with a Tensioning Device the Applied Load (Gross Load) must be
    higher than the required residual load to allow for relaxation once the tool pressure is removed.
    Bolt Tensioning
    The resultant Bolt Load is known as Residual Load.
    The difference between Gross Load and Residual Load in 100% cover is known as the Tool Load
    Loss Factor -TLLF

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