Intel Atom (CPU)

“Intel Atom” redirects here. For the Intel platform for x86 processors. However, Intel revealed on 15 Oc-
designed for smartphones and tablets, see Atom (system tober 2007 that it was developing another new mo-
on chip). bile processor, codenamed Diamondville, for OLPC-type
devices.[12]
Intel Atom is the brand name for a line of ultra-low- “Atom” was the name under which Silverthorne would be
voltage IA-32 and x86-64 CPUs (or microprocessors) sold, while the supporting chipset formerly code-named
from Intel, originally designed in 45 nm complementary Menlow was called Centrino Atom.[13]
metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) with subsequent At Spring Intel Developer Forum (IDF) 2008 in
models, codenamed Cedar, using a 32 nm process.[2] Shanghai, Intel officially announced that Silverthorne
Atom is mainly used in netbooks, nettops, embedded ap- and Diamondville are based on the same microarchitec-
plications ranging from health care to advanced robotics, ture. Silverthorne would be called the Atom Z5xx se-
and mobile Internet devices (MIDs). ries and Diamondville would be called the Atom N2xx
The first generation of Atom processors are based on the series. The more expensive lower-power Silverthorne
Bonnell microarchitecture.[3][4] On 21 December 2009, parts will be used in Intel mobile Internet devices (MIDs)
Intel announced the Pine Trail platform, including new whereas Diamondville will be used in low-cost desktop
Atom processor code-named Pineview (Atom N450), and notebooks. Several Mini-ITX motherboard samples
with total kit power consumption down 20%.[5] On 28 have also been revealed.[14] Intel and Lenovo also jointly
December 2011, Intel updated the Atom line with the announced an Atom powered MID called the IdeaPad
Cedar processors.[2] U8.[15]
In December 2012, Intel launched the 64-bit Centerton In April 2008, a MID development kit was an-
family of Atom CPUs, designed specifically for use in nounced by Sophia Systems[16] and the first board called
servers.[6] Centerton adds features previously unavailable CoreExpress-ECO was revealed by a German company
in Atom processors, such as Intel VT virtualization tech- LiPPERT Embedded Computers, GmbH.[17] Intel offers
nology and support for ECC memory.[7] On 4 September Atom based motherboards.[18][19]
2013 Intel launched a 22 nm successor to Centerton, co- In December 2012, Intel released Atom for servers, the
denamed Avoton.[8] S1200 series. The primary difference between these pro-
In 2012, Intel announced a new system on chip (SoC) cessors and all prior versions, is that ECC memory sup-
platform designed for smartphones and tablets which port has been added, enabling the use of the Atom in
would use the Atom line of CPUs.[9] It is a continua- mission-critical server environments that demand redun-
tion of the partnership announced by Intel and Google on dancy and memory failure protection.
13 September 2011 to provide support for the Android
operating system on Intel x86 processors.[10] This range
competes with existing SoCs developed for the smart-
phone and tablet market from companies like Texas In-
struments, Nvidia, Qualcomm and Samsung.[11]

2 Instruction set architecture

1 History
2.1 32-bit and 64-bit hardware support
Intel Atom is a direct successor of the Intel A100 and
A110 low-power microprocessors (code-named Stealey),
which were built on a 90 nm process, had 512 kB L2 All Atom processors implement the x86 (IA-32) instruc-
cache and ran at 600 MHz/800 MHz with 3 W TDP tion set; however, support for the Intel 64 instruction set
(Thermal Design Power). Prior to the Silverthorne an- was not added until the desktop Diamondville and desktop
nouncement, outside sources had speculated that Atom and mobile Pineview cores. The Atom N2xx and Z5xx se-
would compete with AMD's Geode system-on-a-chip ries Atom models cannot run x86-64 code.[21] The Cen-
processors, used by the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) terton server processors will support the Intel 64 instruc-
project, and other cost and power sensitive applications tion set.[7]

1
2 5 BONNELL MICROARCHITECTURE

2.2 Intel 64 software support pire One & Packard Bell’s “dot” (ZG5), recent ASUS
Eee PC systems, Sony VAIO M-series, AMtek Elego,
Intel states the Atom supports 64-bit operation only “with Dell Inspiron Mini Series, Gigabyte M912, LG X Series,
a processor, chipset, BIOS” that all support Intel 64. Samsung NC10, Sylvania g Netbook Meso, Toshiba NB
Those Atom systems not supporting all of these cannot series (100, 200, 205, 255, 300, 500, 505), MSI Wind PC
enable Intel 64.[22] As a result, the ability of an Atom- netbooks, RedFox Wizbook 1020i, Sony Vaio X Series,
based system to run 64-bit versions of operating sys- Zenith Z-Book, a range of Aleutia desktops, Magic W3
tems such as Ubuntu or Debian GNU/Linux may vary and the Archos.The Pineview line is also used in multiple
from one motherboard to another. Online retailer mini- AAC devices for the disabled individual who is unable
itx.com has tested Atom-based motherboards made by to speak and the AAC device assists the user in everyday
Intel and Jetway, and while they were able to install 64- communication with dedicated speech software.
bit versions of Linux on Intel-branded motherboards with
D2700 (Cedarview) processors, Intel 64 support was not
enabled on a Jetway-branded motherboard with a D2550
(Cedarview) processor.[23]
4 Performance
Even among Atom-based systems which have Intel 64
The performance of a single-core Atom is about half that
enabled, not all are able to run 64-bit versions of
of a Pentium M of the same clock rate. For example, the
Microsoft Windows. For those Pineview processors
Atom N270 (1.60 GHz) found in many netbooks such
which support 64-bit operation, Intel Download Center
as the Eee PC can deliver around 3300 MIPS and 2.1
currently provides 64-bit Windows 7 and Windows Vista
GFLOPS in standard benchmarks,[30] compared to 7400
drivers for Intel GMA 3150 graphics, found in Pineview
MIPS and 3.9 GFLOPS for the similarly clocked (1.73
processors.[24] However, no 64-bit Windows drivers are
GHz) Pentium M 740.[31]
available for Intel Atom Cedarview processors, released
Q3 2011.[25] However, Intel’s Bay Trail-M processors, The Pineview platform has proven to be only slightly
built on the Silvermont microarchitecture and released in faster than the previous Diamondville platform. This is
the second half of 2013, regain 64-bit support, although because the Pineview platform uses the same Bonnell
driver support for Linux and Windows 7 is limited at execution core as Diamondville and is connected to the
launch.[26] memory controller via the FSB, hence memory latency
and performance in CPU-intensive applications are min-
The lack of 64-bit Windows support for Cedarview pro-
imally improved.[32]
cessors appears to be due to a driver issue. A mem-
ber of the Intel Enthusiast Team has stated in a series
of posts on enthusiast site Tom’s Hardware that while
the Atom D2700 (Cedarview) was designed with Intel 64 5 Bonnell microarchitecture
support, due to a “limitation of the board” Intel had pulled
their previously-available 64-bit drivers for Windows 7 Main article: Bonnell (microarchitecture)
and would not provide any further 64-bit support.[27]
Some system manufacturers have similarly stated that
their motherboards with Atom Cedarview processors lack Intel Atom processors [3][4]
are based on the Bonnell
64-bit support due to a “lack of Intel® 64-bit VGA driver microarchitecture, which can execute up to two in-
support”. [28]
Because all Cedarview processors use the structions per cycle. Like many other x86 micropro-
same Intel GMA 3600 or 3650 graphics as the D2700, cessors, it translates x86-instructions (CISC instructions)
this indicates that Atom Cedarview systems will remain into simpler internal operations (sometimes referred to
unable to run 64-bit versions of Windows, even those as micro-ops, i.e., effectively RISC style instructions)
which have Intel 64 enabled and are able to run 64-bit prior to execution. The majority of instructions pro-
versions of Linux. duce one micro-op when translated, with around 4% of
instructions used in typical programs producing multi-
ple micro-ops. The number of instructions that produce
more than one micro-op is significantly fewer than the P6
3 Availability and NetBurst microarchitectures. In the Bonnell microar-
chitecture, internal micro-ops can contain both a memory
Atom processors became available to system manufac- load and a memory store in connection with an ALU op-
turers in 2008. Because they are soldered onto a main- eration, thus being more similar to the x86 level and more
board, like northbridges and southbridges, Atom proces- powerful than the micro-ops used in previous designs.[33]
sors are not available to home users or system builders as This enables relatively good performance with only two
separate processors, although they may be obtained pre- integer ALUs, and without any instruction reordering,
installed on some ITX motherboards. The Diamondville speculative execution, or register renaming. The Bon-
and Pineview[29] Atom is used in the HP Mini Series, nell microarchitecture therefore represents a partial re-
aigo MID Asus N10, Lenovo IdeaPad S10, Acer As- vival of the principles used in earlier Intel designs such as
 3

P5 and the i486, with the sole purpose of enhancing the ARM has found that Intel’s Atom processors offer less
performance per watt ratio. However, Hyper-Threading compatibility and lower performance than their chips
is implemented in an easy (i.e., low power) way to employ when running Android, and higher power consumption
the whole pipeline efficiently by avoiding typical single and less battery life for the same tasks under both An-
thread dependencies.[33] droid and Windows.[45]
Even AMD is in this competition with the Mullins brand
based on Puma Microarchitecture who offers better
6 Collaborations Computing and even better Graphics performance with
similar thermal power.
In March 2009, Intel announced that it would be col-
laborating with TSMC for the production of the Atom
processors.[34] The deal was put on hold due to lack of 8 See also
demand in 2010.
On 13 September 2011 Intel and Google held a joint • List of Intel Atom microprocessors
announcement of a partnership to provide support in
• Intel Edison
Google’s Android operating system for Intel processors
(beginning with the Atom). This would allow Intel • Intel Quark
to supply chips for the growing smartphone and tablet
market.[35]
9 Notes
7 Competition [1] “Intel® Atom™ Processor Z520”. Intel. Archived from
the original on 2011-07-04.
Embedded processors based on the ARM version 7 in-
[2] Anand Lal Shimpi. “Intel’s Atom N2600, N2800 &
struction set architecture (such as Nvidia's Tegra 3 series, D2700: Cedar Trail, The Heart of the 2012 Netbook”.
TI’s 4 series and Freescale’s i.MX51 based on the Cortex- Archived from the original on 2014-04-29. Retrieved 28
A8 core, or the Qualcomm Snapdragon and Marvell Ar- December 2011.
mada 500/600 based on custom ARMv7 implementa-
tions) offer similar performance to the low end Atom [3] Jeff Moriarty (1 April 2008). "'Atom 101' - Deciphering
chipsets but at roughly one quarter the power consump- the Intel codewords around MIDs”. Archived from the
original on 2012-03-27. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
tion, and (like most ARM systems) as a single integrated
system on a chip, rather than a two chip solution like the [4] Anand Lal Shimpi (27 January 2010). “Why Pine Trail
current Atom line. Although the second-generation Atom Isn't Much Faster Than the First Atom”. Archived from
codenamed “Pineview” should greatly increase its com- the original on 2014-01-04. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
petitiveness in performance/watt, ARM plans to counter
[5] “Intel Announces Next-Generation Atom Platform”.
the threat with the multi-core capable Cortex-A9 core
Intel. Archived from the original on 2013-06-06.
as used in Nvidia’s Tegra 2/3, TI’s OMAP 4 series, and
Qualcomm's next-generation Snapdragon series, among [6] “Products (Formerly Centerton)". Archived from the
others. original on 2013-10-14. Retrieved 22 March 2013.

The Nano and Nano Dual-Core series from VIA is [7] Ryan Smith (11 December 2012). “Intel Launches Cen-
slightly above the average thermal envelope of the Atom, terton Atom S1200 Family, First Atom for Servers”.
but offers hardware AES support, random number gen- Archived from the original on 2014-05-02. Retrieved 22
erators, and out-of-order execution. Performance com- March 2013.
parisons of the Intel Atom against the Via Nano indi- [8] Inside Intel’s Atom C2000-series 'Avoton' processors
cate that a single core Intel Atom is easily outperformed Archived February 9, 2014 at the Wayback Machine
by the Via Nano which is in turn outperformed by a
dual core Intel Atom 330 in tests where multithreading [9] Intel Raises Bar on Smartphones, Tablets and Ultra-
is used. The Core 2 Duo SU7300 outperforms the dual- book™ Devices
core Nano.[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] [10] Antara News : Intel, Google announce partnership for An-
The Xcore86 (also known as the PMX 1000) is x586 droid smartphones
based System on Chip (SoC) that offers a below average [11] Sadauskas, Andrew (30 April 2012). “Intel battles ARM
thermal envelope compared to the Atom. with new handset”. smartcompany.com.au. Retrieved 29
Kenton Williston of EE Times said that while Atom will May 2012.
not displace ARM from its current markets, the ability to [12] “Intel to unveil OLPC chips in Shanghai next April”.
apply the PC architecture into smaller, cheaper and lower InfoWorld. 15 October 2007. Archived from the origi-
power form factors will open up new markets for Intel.[44] nal on 2012-03-11.
4 10 REFERENCES

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[17] “Tiny Centrino Atom-based module unveiled”. Archived
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[18] “Intel Desktop Board D945GCLF – Overview”. Archived
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[31] “Intel Pentium M 740 PCSTATS Review - Benchmarks:
Office Productivity, SiSoft Sandra 2005”. PCstats.com. • “Intel cranks 45nm ultramobile CPU”. EE Times.
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 5

• “Intel reaches back in time for its ultralow power

chips”. 28 January 2008. Retrieved 29 January
2008.

• “New Intel Centrino Atom Processor Technol-

ogy Ushers in 'Best Internet Experience in Your
Pocket'". 2 April 2008.
• “Intel’s Atom Architecture: The Journey Begins”. 2
April 2008.
• “The Battle of Low-Power Processors: Best Choice
for a Nettop”. 27 September 2008.
• linuxdevices.com - Intel announces first Atom chips

• hardwaresecrets.com - Inside Atom Architecture

• computermonger.com - Intel Atom N280 vs N270

Benchmarked

• LinuxTECH.NET - Intel Pineview Atom based

Motherboards Complete Overview

11 External links
• Intel - Intel Atom Processor Overview
• Intel Atom Processor

• Intel - Intel Atom Processor Family

6 12 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

12 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

12.1 Text
• Intel Atom (CPU) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Atom_(CPU)?oldid=681540142 Contributors: David spector, Frecklefoot,
Llywrch, Cyde, KAMiKAZOW, Julesd, Brigman, Conti, Ehn, Andrewman327, Taxman, Thue, Nurg, Mervyn, Zzyzx, Somercet, Andries,
Digital infinity, Rchandra, Macrakis, Bo102010, Uzume, Chowbok, Elektron, Moxfyre, Imroy, NeuronExMachina, YUL89YYZ, Roo72,
Bender235, Plugwash, ThierryVignaud, PatrikR, Giraffedata, MARQUIS111, Towel401, Jakew, Alansohn, Walter Görlitz, Guy Harris,
Quatermass, Kenyon, Jkt, Richard Arthur Norton (1958- ), Poppafuze, Scjessey, Pol098, Scootey, GregorB, MiG, Rjecina, JamesHen-
stridge, Laurinkus, Pmj, Rjwilmsi, Koavf, PHenry, Jlundell, Traut, Gelma, Bubba73, DirkvdM, X1987x, TheDJ, Jamessnell, Srleffler,
Imnotminkus, Jpfagerback, Hairy Dude, DMahalko, Arado, Jengelh, Manop, Gaius Cornelius, XX55XX, TDogg310, Blitterbug, SixSix,
Lucasreddinger, Hugo 87, Huangcjz, E Wing, Luk, SmackBot, Henriok, GeneralAntilles, SmackEater, Brianski, Amux, Thumperward,
Onesimos, Mdwh, Aleutia, Xaxxon, Colonies Chris, Jeffreyarcand, Dethme0w, Frap, Glloq, Sh0dan, Rrburke, Metageek, Ne0Freedom,
Morio, Daniel.Cardenas, Curly Turkey, Anss123, Joffeloff, JonT, Dr.K., LaMenta3, Dl2000, Hu12, Skorp, Flaming-tubesock, Andrew
Hampe, Sfm 7, Fernvale, Artemgy, FleetCommand, HenkeB, Bungalowbill, CCFreak2K, Steel, Myscrnnm, Rhe br, Clovis Sangrail,
Christian75, DumbBOT, Alaibot, Kozuch, Thijs!bot, Electron9, Humble Scribe, Hcobb, Oldmanbiker, Widefox, Seaphoto, Lordmetroid,
Smartse, CairoTasogare, Plainchips, RedWyverex, Tvbinstinct, Dimawik, JAnDbot, MER-C, Mark Grant, BrotherE, Inspector 2211, Pere-
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wing hk, Mrmanny09, Mlorimer, DpuTiger, Imperator3733, Bjquinn, Allan kuan1992, TXiKiBoT, Someguy1221, Delv0n2, Bojan PLOJ,
Tomaxer, Winterspan, Andromeda451, Ham Pastrami, Behind The Wall Of Sleep, Oomgosh~enwiki, Jhdezjr, Sasawat, Callidior, Jfrom-
canada, Jeo100~enwiki, WikipedianMarlith, Chris D Heath, Dsalt, Jetstreak150, ClueBot, Pistazienfresser, Stygiansonic, Rilak, Boing!
said Zebedee, Edknol, DerekMorr, Ykhwong, Technorj, Mewtu, Thingg, Callinus, HumphreyW, Crowsnest, DumZiBoT, Jdwinx, Nnew-
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