INTRODUCTION TO CAMERA

INTERFACE
Ex.No: 1

Objective:
To introduce the camera features and handling techniques.

Film camera for high budget production.:

FEAUTERS: Compact, lightweight and
self-contained, the ARRI ALEXA Mini is a versatile additional tool
in the ALEXA camera range. ... Light enough to be comfortably
held at arm's length in a hand rig, its compact size and extremely
quiet operation also make it ideal for tight shooting conditions.
TECHNIQUES: Model:ALEXA
Mini
Sensor
Type:Super 35 format ARRI ALEV III CMOS sensor with
Bayer pattern color filter array
Sensor Size:
28.25 x 18.17 mm / 1.112 x 0.715"⌀ 33.59 mm / 1.322"
Photosite Pitch:
8.25 μm
Sensor Frame
Rates:0.75 - 200fps

Film camera for medium budget production:

1.Nikon D3500
2.Canon EOS1300D

FEAUTERS OF NIKON D3500:

• 24.1MP DX format CMOS sensor, without OLPF.
• EXPEED 4 processing.
• ISO 100-12,800 standard, up to 25,600 expanded.
• 5 fps continuous shooting.
• 39-point AF system, 9 sensors cross-type.
• 2016-pixel RGB metering sensor.
• 1080p60 video recording, built-in stereo mic.
• 1.04M dot 3.2" vari-angle LCD monitor.
TECHNIQUES OF NIKON D3500:

Single-lens reflex digital camera

Lens
moun Nikon F mount (with AF contacts)
t

Effec
tive
Nikon DX format; focal length equivalent to approx. 1.5x that
angle
of lenses with FX format angle of view
of
view

Effective pixels

Effec
tive
24.2 million
pixel
s

Image sensor

Imag
e
23.5 x 15.6 mm CMOS sensor
sens
or

Total
pixel 24.78 million
s

Dust-
reduc
Image Dust Off reference data (Capture NX-D software
Total
pixel 24.78 million
s

Dust-
reduc
Image Dust Off reference data (Capture NX-D software
tion
required)
syste
m

Storage

Imag
e • 6000 x 4000 (Large: 24.0 M)
size( • 4496 x 3000 (Medium: 13.5 M)
pixel • 2992 x 2000 (Small: 6.0 M)
s)

• NEF (RAW): 12 bit, compressed

• JPEG: JPEG-Baseline compliant with fine (approx. 1 :
File
4), normal (approx. 1 : 8), or basic (approx. 1 : 16)
form
compression
at
• NEF (RAW)+JPEG: Single photograph recorded in both
NEF (RAW) and JPEG formats

Pictu
re
Contr Standard, Neutral, Vivid, Monochrome, Portrait, Landscape,
ol Flat; selected Picture Control can be modified
syste
m

Medi SD (Secure Digital) and UHS-I compliant SDHC and SDXC

a memory cards

File
syste DCF 2.0, Exif 2.3, PictBridge
m

Viewfinder

Viewf
Eye-level pentamirror single-lens reflex viewfinder
inder
Viewfinder

Viewf
Eye-level pentamirror single-lens reflex viewfinder
inder

Fram
e
Approx. 95% horizontal and 95% vertical
cover
age

Magn
ificati Approx. 0.85 x (50 mm f/1.4 lens at infinity, -1.0 m-1)
on

Eyep 18 mm (-1.0 m-1; from center surface of viewfinder eyepiece

oint lens)

Diopt
er
-1.7-+0.5 m-1
adjus
tment

Focu
sing
Type B BriteView Clear Matte Mark VII screen
scree
n

Refle
x
Quick return
mirro
r

Lens
apert Instant return, electronically controlled
ure

Lens

Autof
ocus Autofocus is available with AF-P and type E and G AF-S
supp lenses
ort
Lens

Autof
ocus Autofocus is available with AF-P and type E and G AF-S
supp lenses
ort

Shutter

Type Electronically-controlled vertical-travel focal-plane shutter

Spee
1/4000 to 30 s in steps of 1/3 EV; Bulb; Time
d

Flash
sync
X=1/200 s; synchronizes with shutter at 1/200 s or slower
spee
d

Release

Rele
ase Single frame, continuous, quiet shutter release, self-timer
mode

Fram
e Up to 5 fps (Frame rates assume manual focus, manual or
adva shutter-priority auto exposure, a shutter speed of 1/250 s or
nce faster, and other settings at default values)
rate

Self-
2 s, 5 s, 10 s, 20 s; 1 to 9 exposures
timer

Exposure

Mete
TTL exposure metering using 420-pixel RGB sensor
ring

• Matrix metering: 3D color matrix metering II

Mete
• Center-weighted metering: Weight of 75% given to 8-
Mete
TTL exposure metering using 420-pixel RGB sensor
ring

• Matrix metering: 3D color matrix metering II

Mete
• Center-weighted metering: Weight of 75% given to 8-
ring
mm circle in center of frame
meth
• Spot metering: Meters 3.5-mm circle (about 2.5% of
od
frame) centered on selected focus point

Rang
e
(ISO
100, • Matrix or center-weighted metering: 0 to 20 EV
f/1.4 • Spot metering: 2 to 20 EV
lens,
20°C/
68°F)

Expo
sure
mete
CPU
r
coupl
ing

Auto modes (auto; auto, flash off); programmed auto with

flexible program (P); shutter-priority auto (S); aperture-priority
auto (A); manual (M); scene modes (portrait; sports; close up;
Mode
night portrait); special effects modes (night vision; super vivid;
pop; photo illustration; toy camera effect; miniature effect;
selective color; silhouette; high key; low key)

Expo
sure
Can be adjusted by -5 to +5 EV in increments of 1/3 EV in P,
comp
S, A, M, scene, and night vision modes
ensat
ion

Expo
Luminosity locked at detected value with AE-L/AF-L (Protect)
sure
button
lock

ISO
sensi
Expo
Luminosity locked at detected value with AE-L/AF-L (Protect)
sure
button
lock

ISO
sensi
tivity
(Rec
omm
ISO 100 - 25600 in steps of 1 EV. Auto ISO sensitivity control
ende
available
d
Expo
sure
Index
)

Activ
e D-
On, off
Lighti
ng

Focus

Nikon Multi-CAM 1000 autofocus sensor module with TTL

Autof phase detection, 11 focus points (including one cross-type
ocus sensor), and AF-assist illuminator (range approx. 0.5 to 3 m/1
ft 8 in. to 9 ft 10 in.)

Dete
ction
-1 to +19 EV (ISO 100, 20°C/68°F)
rang
e

• Autofocus (AF): Single-servo AF (AF-S); continuous-

servo AF (AF-C); auto AF-S/AF-C selection (AF-A);
Lens
predictive focus tracking activated automatically
servo
according to subject status
• Manual focus (MF): Electronic rangefinder can be used

Focu
s Can be selected from 11 focus points
point

AF-
Single-point AF, dynamic-area AF, auto-area AF, 3D-tracking
Focu
s Can be selected from 11 focus points
point

AF-
Single-point AF, dynamic-area AF, auto-area AF, 3D-tracking
area
(11 points)
mode

Focu Focus can be locked by pressing shutter-release button

s halfway (single-servo AF) or by pressing AE-L/AF-L (protect)
lock button

Flash

• Auto, portrait, close-up, night portrait, vivid, pop, photo

Built-
illustration, toy camera effect: Auto flash with auto pop-
in
up
flash
• P, S, A, M: Manual pop-up with button release

Guid
e Approx. 7/22, 8/26 with manual flash (m/ft, ISO 100, 20 °C/68
numb °F)
er

TTL: i-TTL flash control using 420-pixel RGB sensor is

Flash
available with built-in flash; i-TTL balanced fill-flash for digital
contr
SLR is used with matrix and center-weighted metering,
ol
standard i-TTL flash for digital SLR with spot metering

Auto, auto with red-eye reduction, auto slow sync, auto slow
Flash sync with red-eye reduction, fill-flash, red-eye reduction, slow
mode sync, slow sync with redeye reduction, rear-curtain with slow
sync, rear-curtain sync, off

Flash
comp Can be adjusted by -3 to +1 EV in increments of 1/3 EV in P,
ensat S, A, M, and scene modes
ion

Flash
-
Lights when built-in flash or optional flash unit is fully
ready
charged; flashes after flash is fired at full output
indic
ator
comp Can be adjusted by -3 to +1 EV in increments of 1/3 EV in P,
ensat S, A, M, and scene modes
ion

Flash
-
Lights when built-in flash or optional flash unit is fully
ready
charged; flashes after flash is fired at full output
indic
ator

Acce
ISO 518 hot-shoe with sync and data contacts and safety
ssory
lock
shoe

Niko
n
Creat
ive
Lighti i-TTL flash control, optical Advanced Wireless Lighting, Color
ng Information Communication, AF-assist for multi-area AF
Syste
m
(CLS
)

Sync
termi AS-15 sync terminal adapter (available separately)
nal

White balance

Whit
Auto, incandescent, fluorescent (7 types), direct sunlight,
e
flash, cloudy, shade, preset manual, all except preset manual
balan
with fine-tuning
ce

Live View

• Autofocus (AF): Single-servo AF (AF-S); full-time-servo

Lens
AF (AF-F)
servo
• Manual focus (M)

AF-
Face-priority AF, wide-area AF, normal-area AF, subject-
area
 • Autofocus (AF): Single-servo AF (AF-S); full-time-servo
Lens
AF (AF-F)
servo
• Manual focus (M)

AF-
Face-priority AF, wide-area AF, normal-area AF, subject-
area
tracking AF
mode

Contrast-detect AF anywhere in frame (camera selects focus

Autof
point automatically when face-priority AF or subject-tracking
ocus
AF is selected)

Auto
matic
scen
Available in auto and auto (flash-off) modes
e
selec
tion

Movie

Mete
TTL exposure metering using main image sensor
ring

Mete
ring
Matrix
meth
od

Fram
e
size • 1920 x 1080; 60p (progressive), 50p, 30p, 25p, 24p
(pixel • 1280 x 720; 60p, 50p
s) Actual frame rates for 60p, 50p, 30p, 25p, and 24p are 59.94,
and 50, 29.97, 25, and 23.976 fps respectively; options support
fram both ★high and normal image quality
e
rate

File
form MOV
at

Vide
form MOV
at

Vide
o
comp H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding
ressi
on

Audi
o
recor
Linear PCM
ding
form
at

Audi
o
recor
Built-in monaural microphone; sensitivity adjustable
ding
devic
e

ISO
sensi ISO 100-25600
tivity

Monitor

7.5-cm (3-in.), approx. 921k-dot (VGA) TFT LCD with 170 °

Monit
viewing angle, approx. 100% frame coverage, and brightness
or
adjustment

Playback

Full-frame and thumbnail (4, 9, or 72 images or calendar)

playback with playback zoom, playback zoom cropping,
Playb playback face zoom, movie playback, photo and/or movie
ack slide shows, histogram display, highlights, photo information,
location data display, auto image rotation, picture rating, and
image comment (up to 36 characters)

Interface
ack slide shows, histogram display, highlights, photo information,
location data display, auto image rotation, picture rating, and
image comment (up to 36 characters)

Interface

Hi-Speed USB with Micro-USB connector; connection to built-

USB
in USB port is recommended

HDM
I
Type C HDMI connector
outpu
t

Bluetooth

Com
muni
catio
Bluetooth Specification Version 4.1
n
proto
cols

Rang
e Approximately 10 m (32 ft) without interference; range may
(line vary with signal strength and presence or absence of
of obstacles
sight)

Power source

Batte
One EN-EL14a rechargeable Li-ion battery
ry

AC
EH-5c/EH-5b AC adapter; requires EP-5A power connector
adapt
(available separately)
er

Tripod socket

Tripo
d
1/4 in. (ISO 1222)
sock
Tripod socket

Tripo
d
1/4 in. (ISO 1222)
sock
et

Dimensions / weight

Dime
nsion
s
Approx. 124 x 97 x 69.5 mm (4.9 x 3.9 x 2.8 in.)
(W x
Hx
D)

Weig Approx. 415 g (14.6 oz) with battery and memory card but
ht without body cap; approx. 365 g/12.9 oz (camera body only)

Operating environment

Tem
perat 0 °C to 40 °C (+32 °F to 104 °F)
ure

Humi
85% or less (no condensation)
dity

Accessories

Supp
lied
acce
ssori
es EN-EL14a Rechargeable Li-ion Battery, MH-24 Battery
(may Charger, DK-25 Rubber Eyecup, AN-DC3 Camera Strap,
differ BF-1B Body Cap
by
count
ry or
area)
 Accessories

Supp
lied
acce
ssori
es EN-EL14a Rechargeable Li-ion Battery, MH-24 Battery
(may Charger, DK-25 Rubber Eyecup, AN-DC3 Camera Strap,
differ BF-1B Body Cap
by
count
ry or
area)

FEAUTERS OF CANON EOS 1300D: HDMI Mini OUT

Terminal.
Storage types. SD /
SDHC* / SDXC* memory cards.
Effective pixels. ...
Sensor size.
Approx. 22.3 x 14.9mm.
Processor. DIGIC
4+
Sensor type. CMOS.

Minimum shutter speed. 1/4000 sec.

Maximum shutter speed. 30 sec.

TECHNICAL DATA OF CANON EOS 1300D:

Entry-level DSLR

Announced Mar. 2016

Indicative price (USD) 550

Sensor type CMOS

Resolution 5202 x 3465

Sensor photo detectors (Mpix) 18.02

Sensor type CMOS

Resolution 5202 x 3465

Sensor photo detectors (Mpix) 18.02

Sensor size (mm) 14.9 x 22.3

Color filter array RGB

Pixel pitch (µm)

Bits per pixel 14.0

Focal length multiplier 1.6

Aspect Ratio 3:2

ISO latitude 100 - 12800

Shutter type Mechanical

Fastest - Slowest speed (s) 1/4000 - 30.0

Frame rate (fps) 3.0

Live view Yes

Stabilization No

Firmware

Dust cleaning Yes

Mount type Canon EF-S

Weight (gr)

Battery type Li-ion, LP-E10, 7.4V, 860mAh

Battery weight (gr)

Tropicalization No

Camera material Plastic

Mount material Metal

View finder type Optical

Camera material Plastic

Mount material Metal

View finder type Optical

View finder magnification 0.8

View finder coverage 95

Mirror lockup Yes

View finder diopter -2.5 to +0.5

Monitor type LCD

Monitor size 3

Monitor pixel 920000

Articulated screen No

Touch screen No

Contrast screen

Low-pass filter

Focus mode Yes

Autofocus modes One-shot, AI-Servo, AI-Focus

Number of autofocus points 9

Exposure bracketing +/-2 (3 frames at 1/3 EV, 1/2 EV steps)

Exposure compensation +/-5 stops in 1/3- or 1/2-stop increments

Single, Continuous, Self-timer (2 or 10 sec),

Drive modes Continuous shooting after 10-sec. self-timer (2 to
10 shots)

Buffer size 6 (RAW), 5 (RAW + JPEG)

Recording medium SD, SDHC, SDXC

Image format JPEG, RAW (CR2)

White balance bracketing Yes

 Recording medium SD, SDHC, SDXC

Image format JPEG, RAW (CR2)

White balance bracketing Yes

Connectivity USB 2.0 / WIFI / HDMI

Bluetooth No

3G No

Sound recording Yes

External micro Yes

Histogram Yes

GPS No

Video Yes

Maximum format image video 1920 x 1080 / 30 fps

Full HD Yes

Live autofocus Yes

Video file format MOV

Video codec MPEG4 AVC/H.264

Video stabilisation No

Film camera for low budget production:

1.Nikon
D5300.

2.Panasonic Lumix FZ300

FEAUTURES OF NIKON D5300:
lash Guide Number (ISO 100):
12.0 m / 39.4 ft. Notes & Features: Enhanced 24.2-
megapixel CMOS sensor with no OLPF, EXPEED 4 processor,
5fps burst mode, Full HD video up to 60p, built-in Wi-
Fi, built-in GPS.
Lens: Nikkor 18-140mm f/3.5-5.6G ED AF-S DX ...
Sensor size: 366.6mm (23.50mm x 15.60mm)
Lens Mount: Nikon F
Weight: 36.5 oz (1,035 g)

TECNICAL DATA OF NIKON D5300:

Nikon D5300

Sensor resolution 24MP CMOS (no

(type) OLPF)
Autofocus System 39 AF points (9 cross-type)
ISO sensitivity 100-12,800 (H1
expansion up to
25,600 equiv)
Display size / 3.2", 1.04M-dot
resolution vari-angle
Maximum framerate 5 fps
(DX mode)
Movie Mode 1080 60p/30p
Battery life (CIPA) 600 shots
Dimensions 125 × 98 × 76 mm
(4.9 × 3.9 × 3.0 in)
Weight (without 480 g (16.9 oz)
battery)

Few safety measures to be taken for handling

camera and its accessories:
Buying a camera is first step towards photography. But maintaining it in order to
get the best output is the most important step. Without proper care and handling,
your equipment will deteriorate with time and may not give the desired result. The
care and handling is even more important when you have poured lot of money to
buy a camera.
We will discuss about care and handling primarily from DSLR point of view.
DSLRs are more costly and complex equipment to handle. A proper care can
ensure long life with good output.

Here are some of the very simple and basic tips to take care of your DSLR.
However, some of the tips would also be applicable for a normal point and shoot
camera as well.

Handling: Always hang your DSLR around your neck using the strap. This
will ensure that your equipment will never fall accidently. A special care must be
taken when giving your camera to others. Ensure that they have held it properly
and put the strap around their neck. Never touch the lens or filter surface to avoid
scratches. If possible, buy a guard for your LCD screen for this longer scratch
free life.

Bag: Camera bag should contain soft inner surface to avoid any scratches on
camera body. It must be rugged enough to handle any external wear and tear. It
must have enough space for your camera, so that there is no undue pressure
while locking it. It is better, if your bag has got an attached rain cover, which can
save your equipment from rain. Otherwise, always keep big polythene inside your
bag, which can easily rap your camera bag with camera inside.

Moisture: Humidity and moisture are biggest culprits to affect your camera
body. It is very important to save your camera from moisture. One of the simplest
ways is to keep sachets of silica gel in your bag. Silica get absorbs moisture and
saves your equipment. These are available very cheap in market. You may even
get these sachets in the box of other electronic equipment you buy. But, do
remember to change them after every humid season (in 3-4 months) as they
have a limit to absorb moisture.

Changing lens: The sensor of your camera is most susceptible to

acquiring dust particles when you change your lens. Removing lens exposes the
sensor to the outer world, so an utmost care must be taken while changing lens.
Ensure to change lens in a closed room with fan switched off. Keep your camera
opening towards ground while removing your lens and attaching a new lens. Try
to keep duration of changing lens as less as possible. Avoid (as far as possible)
changing lens outside, especially in windy and dusty conditions.
The professional cleaning of sensor by your camera manufacturer service center
may cost a lot (more than Rs 1000), so these basic and simple tips can help you
keep your sensor clean for longer time.

Cleaning camera, lens and filter: Buy a cleaning kit (costs around
Rs 300 – Rs 500), which contains a soft bristle brush, a air blower, a lint free
cloth, cleaning solution and tissue papers. Clean your camera after every
outbound trip. Remove the dust from the outer camera body using the brush.
Clean lens/filter surface using brush and then the lint free cloth (this will ensure to
avoid scratches). Use cleaning solution, only when necessary. You can also use
air blower to remove dust from the surface. Air blower can also be used to clean
the sensor manually (but do not try this unless you have seen a demo). Never
ever touch your camera sensor with anything. This needs extremely expert
handling and leave this expertise with your service center.

Charging of batteries: Always keep a spare battery. Charge a battery

only when it has completely discharged and ensure to charge it fully in one go.
This simple habit will ensure much longer life to your batteries. In fact, this
process can be used to charge any type of batteries, such as mobile phone, AA
batteries, etc.

Never leave your batteries inside your camera after the shoot is over. Always
remove them as a charged battery keeps draining some charge to the camera
sensitive electronics, thereby affecting them slowly.

Storage: Store your equipment in a closed, air tight and dry place. Never
keep them in open for longer time. If you have multiple camera bodies and costly
lenses, then buy a digital cabinet. A digital cabinet provides a small air tight
almirah with the facility to control the humidity level. This ensures longer life for
your investment.

Sensor auto clean: You must have noticed some activity on the LCD
screen when you switch off your DSLR. Almost all DSLRs today have a sensor
auto cleaning function to decrease the amount of dust on sensor. When we
switch-off the camera, the camera vibrates the sensor to shake off any sticking
dust. But, to get maximum advantage of this feature, your camera sensor must
be pointing downwards (keep your lens direction towards ground), so that when
sensor vibrates, the dust fell off the sensor. If the direction of sensor is not
towards ground, then dust will fall back on the sensor and the effect of this
feature will decrease.
Insights that have learned personally learned from this exercise:
▪ i have learned how to appellate the camera
▪ learned how to handle a camera and about its settings
▪ I have learned that we should should use Tripod while
taking a Video
▪ And to check the white balance before taking a video

LIGHTING TECHNIQUES
Ex.No: 2

Objective:
Different type of lights available in the current market:
▪ Behring PL2000 POWERLIGTH
▪ Behring UP1200 ULTRAPAR Spotligth
▪ Martin Professional 90425000HU Atomic 3000

List out any five makers of light:

1. Behringer
2. DJ Tech
3. Nexoluce
4. Alex lighting
5. Awola

Three light plans that you have experimented

1.BROAD LIGHTING
2.Spilit lighting :

3.Three point lighting:

Few safety measures with lights & power:
1. Always be careful with the power supply when u r pluging the lights
2. Aways be far from the lightings because the are very hot to sense
3. Never look at the direct light
4. Never try to touch the Light directly
Personal observation :
1. Really lighting is a fascinating thing
2. I have experimented a lot with the lights
3. we can make many things with the light
4. I have learned how to play with light
5. And learned how to bounce the light and cut the light
 Ex. No:03

SCENE RECREATION
Objective:-
To recreate a sense from the movie

Equipments for this experiment:-

Camera(p2,sony NX),bank light ,Soft light,
tripod
Personal insights :I have observed the Lighting and how to shoot with the
help of studio lights in indoor studio
And I have experimented with lights