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    5.1 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions

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    Alyn Apolo Llena
    This document discusses rational expressions and rational functions. It defines rational expressions as expressions of the form P/Q where P and Q are polynomials and Q ≠ 0. The domain of a rational expression is all values except where the denominator is 0. To simplify rational expressions, common factors are cancelled. To multiply rational expressions, the numerators and denominators are multiplied separately and simplified. To divide rational expressions, the expression is written as a multiplication problem. Rational functions are functions of the form P(x)/Q(x) where P and Q are polynomials and Q is not the zero polynomial. The domain of a rational function consists of all real numbers where Q(x) ≠ 0. Examples are provided for determining domains,

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    5.1 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions

    Uploaded by

    Alyn Apolo Llena
    344 views4 pages
    This document discusses rational expressions and rational functions. It defines rational expressions as expressions of the form P/Q where P and Q are polynomials and Q ≠ 0. The domain of a rational expression is all values except where the denominator is 0. To simplify rational expressions, common factors are cancelled. To multiply rational expressions, the numerators and denominators are multiplied separately and simplified. To divide rational expressions, the expression is written as a multiplication problem. Rational functions are functions of the form P(x)/Q(x) where P and Q are polynomials and Q is not the zero polynomial. The domain of a rational function consists of all real numbers where Q(x) ≠ 0. Examples are provided for determining domains,

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    This document discusses rational expressions and rational functions. It defines rational expressions as expressions of the form P/Q where P and Q are polynomials and Q ≠ 0. The domain of a rational expression is all values except where the denominator is 0. To simplify rational expressions, common factors are cancelled. To multiply rational expressions, the numerators and denominators are multiplied separately and simplified. To divide rational expressions, the expression is written as a multiplication problem. Rational functions are functions of the form P(x)/Q(x) where P and Q are polynomials and Q is not the zero polynomial. The domain of a rational function consists of all real numbers where Q(x) ≠ 0. Examples are provided for determining domains,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    344 views4 pages

    5.1 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions

    Uploaded by

    Alyn Apolo Llena
    This document discusses rational expressions and rational functions. It defines rational expressions as expressions of the form P/Q where P and Q are polynomials and Q ≠ 0. The domain of a rational expression is all values except where the denominator is 0. To simplify rational expressions, common factors are cancelled. To multiply rational expressions, the numerators and denominators are multiplied separately and simplified. To divide rational expressions, the expression is written as a multiplication problem. Rational functions are functions of the form P(x)/Q(x) where P and Q are polynomials and Q is not the zero polynomial. The domain of a rational function consists of all real numbers where Q(x) ≠ 0. Examples are provided for determining domains,

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    5.

    1  Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions 
    Learning Objectives: 
    1. Determine the domain of a rational expression. 
    2. Simplify rational expressions. 
    3. Multiply rational expressions. 
    4. Divide rational expressions. 
    5. Work with rational functions. 
     
    1. Determine the Domain of a Rational Expression 
    Definitions: 
    P
    1.  Rational Expression—is an expression of the form  ;  P and Q are any polynomials;  Q ≠ 0  
    Q
    2.  Standard Form of a Fraction:  For  b ≠ 0  
    a −a a −a −a −a a a
      1.  − = = =−             2.  =− =− =          
    b b −b −b −b b −b b
    n
    3.  A rational expression is undefined when the denominator is 0.  (recall:  = undefined) 
    0
    Example 1.  For each of the following expressions, determine the domain. 
     
    5
    1.                               
    m+3
     
     
     
    3y3
    2.   
    y2 − 9
     
     
     
     
    y +1
    3.                
    y − 4y − 5
    2

     
     
     
     
     
     
    n+3
    4.   
    n2 + 9
     
     
     
     
     
     

      1
    2. Simplify Rational Expressions 
    AC A
      1.  Fundamental Rule of Fractions:      = ;    B ≠ 0, C ≠ 0  
    BC B
      2.  Quotient of Additive Inverses (“­1 trick”) 
    a+b b+a a −b b−a
        a.  = = 1              b.  = = −1  
    b+a a+b b−a a−b
    Step to Simplify a Rational Expression  
    1.  Completely factor the numerator and denominator. 
    2.  Cancel the common factor in the numerator and denominator by replace the quotient of the  common 
    a
      factors by the number 1, since = 1 . 
    a
    3.  Rewrite the expression in simplified form. 
    Example 2.  Simplify each rational expression completely. 
     
    x 2 + 2 x − 15
    1.                          
    x 2 + 5x
     
     
     
     
    2n 2 − 3n + 1
    2.   
    n2 − 1
     
     
     
     
     
    a 3 − 8b3
    3.                         
    a 2 + 2ab + 4b 2
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    ab + 3a + 2b + 6
    4.   
    ab + 3a + 5b + 15
     
     
     
     
     
     
     

      2
    3. Multiply Rational Expressions 
    a c a c ac
    Definition:  If   and  ,  b ≠ 0, d ≠ 0 , are two rational expressions, then  ⋅ =  
    b d b d bd
    Step to Multiply Rational Expressions  
    1.  Completely factor each polynomial in the numerator and denominator. 
    a c a c ac
    2.  Use the fact that If   and  ,  b ≠ 0, d ≠ 0 , are two rational expressions, then  ⋅ = . 
    b d b d bd
    3.  Divide out common factors in the numerator and denominator. 
    Example 3.  Multiply each rational expression. Express the product as a rational expression in lowest 
          terms. 
    p2 − 4 p + 3 4− p
    1.  ⋅ 2  
    p − 7 p + 12 p + p − 2
    2

     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    m 2 + 2mn + n 2
    2.  ⋅ (8m 2 − 4mn − 4n 2 )  
    2m 2 − 2n 2
     
     
     
     
     
     
    4. Divide rational expressions 
    a
    a c a c a d ad
    Definition:  If   and  ,  b ≠ 0, c ≠ 0, d ≠ 0 , are two rational expressions, then  b = ÷ = ⋅ =  
    b d c b d b c bc
    d
    Example 4.  Divide each rational expression. Express the quotient as a rational expression in lowest 
          terms. 
    12 x 2 y
    1.  5x  
    24 x 3 y 4
    15 y 2
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
      3
    z2 − 4
    2.  z +8  
    z3 + 8
    z 2 + 6 z − 16
     
     
     
     
     
    5. Work with rational functions 
    Definition:  A rational function if a function of the form 
     
    Where p and q are polynomial functions and q is not the zero polynomial.  The domain consists of all real 
    numbers except  q( x ) ≠ 0 . 
    x−4
    Example 5.  Find the domain of  R ( x ) = . 
    x − 2x − 8
    2

     
     
     
     
     
    x2 − 9 x−4 x2 + 6x + 9
    Example 6.  Let  f ( x ) =  ,  g ( x ) =  and  h ( x ) =  
    2 x 2 − 8x x2 + 4x + 3 x 2 − 5x
    1.  Find  R ( x )  and its domain if R ( x ) = f ( x ) ⋅ g ( x ) . 
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    f (x )
    1.  Find  A( x )  and its domain if A( x ) = . 
    h(x )
     

      4

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