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    3.2 Binomial Expansion (L9)

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    puterisuhana
    This document provides information on binomial expansions, including: - How to find the expansion of (a + b)n for positive integers n. - Definitions of n factorial (n!) and binomial coefficients. - Pascal's triangle and how it can be used to find the coefficients in a binomial expansion. - The binomial theorem for writing the general form of the expansion of (a + b)n. - How to determine the general term and find specific terms in a binomial expansion. - Examples of expanding binomial expressions and finding coefficients and terms.

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    3.2 Binomial Expansion (L9)

    Uploaded by

    puterisuhana
    27 views23 pages
    This document provides information on binomial expansions, including: - How to find the expansion of (a + b)n for positive integers n. - Definitions of n factorial (n!) and binomial coefficients. - Pascal's triangle and how it can be used to find the coefficients in a binomial expansion. - The binomial theorem for writing the general form of the expansion of (a + b)n. - How to determine the general term and find specific terms in a binomial expansion. - Examples of expanding binomial expressions and finding coefficients and terms.

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    3.2 Binomial Expansion(L9)

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    This document provides information on binomial expansions, including: - How to find the expansion of (a + b)n for positive integers n. - Definitions of n factorial (n!) and binomial coefficients. - Pascal's triangle and how it can be used to find the coefficients in a binomial expansion. - The binomial theorem for writing the general form of the expansion of (a + b)n. - How to determine the general term and find specific terms in a binomial expansion. - Examples of expanding binomial expressions and finding coefficients and terms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views23 pages

    3.2 Binomial Expansion (L9)

    Uploaded by

    puterisuhana
    This document provides information on binomial expansions, including: - How to find the expansion of (a + b)n for positive integers n. - Definitions of n factorial (n!) and binomial coefficients. - Pascal's triangle and how it can be used to find the coefficients in a binomial expansion. - The binomial theorem for writing the general form of the expansion of (a + b)n. - How to determine the general term and find specific terms in a binomial expansion. - Examples of expanding binomial expressions and finding coefficients and terms.

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    L9

    3.2 Binomial expansion

    Learning outcomes :

    At the end of the topic, students should be able to :

    (a)Find the expansion (a + b)n where n is a positive integer.


    l
     n
    (b)Write n! notation and nCr    as a binomial coefficient
    r
    (c) Determine the general term in a binomial expansion (a + b)n
    where n is a positive integer.

    1
    Expansion of (a + b)n
    We know that :

    n=0,(a+b)0 = 1

    n=1,(a+b)1 = 1 a+ 1 b

    1a2 + 2ab+ 1 b2
    l
    n=2,(a+b)2=

    n=3,(a+b)3= 1 a3+ 3a2b+ 3ab2+1 b3

    n=4,(a+b)4= 1a4 +4a3b+6a2b2+4ab3+1 b4

    n=5,(a+b) =
    5 1 a 5 +5a4b+10a3b2+10a2b3+5ab4+1 b5
    2
    Expansion of (a + b)n
    1
    a+ b
    a2 + 2ab + b2
    a3+ 3a2b+ 3ab2+ b3
    l

    a4 +4a3b+6a2b2+4ab3+b4
    a5 +5a4b+10a3b2+10a2b3+5ab4+b5

    The coefficient of the expansion can be arranged in a triangular


    array of numbers, called Pascal’s Triangle .
    3
    Extracting the coefficients alone, we obtain a table
    as follows
    1 n=0
    1 () 1 n=1
    1 () 2 () 1 n=2
    1 () 3 ()l 3 () 1
    1 4 6 4 1

    This table of coefficients is known as Pascal’s


    triangle. Pascal triangle can be used to expand
    expressions of the type ( a  x ) n

    4
    Expansion of (a + b)n
    a0 1 b0 n=0
    a1 1 () 1 b1 n=1
    a2 1 b0 () a1 2 b1 () a0 1 b2 n=2
    a3 1 b0 () a2 3 b1 () a1 3 b2 () a0 1 b3 n=3
    a41 b0 a3 4 b1 a2 6 bl 2 a1 4 b3 a0 1 b4

    Pascal’s Triangle can be used to expand


    expressions of the type (a + b) n
    5
    Example 1
    Expand the following using Pascal’s triangle, (3  x)4
    Solution

    6
    Definition of n factorial ( n! )

    If n  Z+, then n! is given by


    n! = n.(n-1).(n-2).(n-3). … .3.2.1
    where 0! = 1 1! = 1

    Note l

    n! = n.(n-1)!

    n! = n.(n-1).(n-2)!

    7
    Example 2
    a) 5! =
    b) 2! =
    c) 8! 
    6!
    l
    Example 3
    Simplify
     n +2  ! =
    a)
     n-1 !
    8
    Definition of a Binomial coefficient

    Let n and r be non-negative integers, 0 ≤ r ≤ n


    n n!
      = Cr
    n =
    r  r!  n-r  !
    Example 4
    Evaluate l 4
    b)   
    5
    a)   = 0
    2

    9
    BINOMIAL THEOREM

    For n a positive integer:

     n  n 0  n  n-1 1  n  n-2 2 n 0 n


    (a  b)    a b    a b    a b  ...    a b
    n

    0 1 𝛿 l  2  n
    𝑥2

     n  n -1  n  n-2 2  n  n-r r
    (a  b)  a    a b    a b ...    a b ...  b n ,
    n n

    1  2 r
    n N

    12
    Notes

    a) The power of ‘a’ decreases by 1 for each term from left to


    right.

    b) The power of ‘b’ increases by 1 for each term from left to


    right. l

    c) The sum of the powers of a and b always add up to n in each


    terms.

    d) The expansion has (n + 1) terms

    13
    Example 5
    Use the binomial theorem to expand the following

     n  n -1  n  n-2 2  n  n-r r
    (a  b)  a    a b    a b ...    a b ...  bn
    n n

    1  2 r

    14
    b) (2 x - y ) 4

    15
    Example 6

    Expand (1 + x)10 up to term in x3. Hence, find the value of (1.01)10

    Solution

     n  n -1  n  n-2 2  n  n-r r
    ( a  b) 
    n
    a    a b    la b ...    a b ...  bn
    n

    1  2 r

    16
    Hence, find

    17
    Determine the general term in a Binomial Expansion,
    (a + b)n

    The formula for the general term are

     n  n-r+1 r-1
    r term: Tr =  a b
     r-1
    l 
    or

     n  n-r r
    (r+1) term: Tr+1 =   a b
    r  16
    Example 7
    Find the 6th term in the expansion of (2+3x)10 as a series in
    ascending power of x.
    Solution

    17
    Example 8
    5
     5 
    Find the term that have x in the expansion of  3x +
    3

     2x 
    Solution

    18
    l

    19
    Example 9

    Find the term that is independent of x in the expansion of


    12
     1
     2x - 
    3

     x
    Solution

    20
    l

    21
    l

    22
    For more information, please scan

    l
    For more exercises, please scan

    Let’s try tutorial questions


    23

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