Fan&Blower
Fan&Blower
Fan&Blower
INTRODUCTION:
Fans and blowers provide air for ventilation and industrial process
requirements. Fans generate a pressure to move air (or gases) against a
resistance caused by ducts, dampers, or other components in a fan system.
The fan rotor receives energy from a rotating shaft and transmits it to the
air.
Fan Classification
Fan can be classified as given below:
FAN
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Fan & Blower
CENTRIFUGAL FAN
Centrifugal fans are those which move the air perpendicular to the axis of the
shaft about which the fan rotates
In centrifugal flow, airflow changes direction twice once when
entering and second when leaving.
Air enters parallel to the axis of the fan and turns through 90° and is
discharged radially through the blades.
Working principle of Centrifugal Fan
It consists of an impeller which has blades fixed between the inner and outer
diameters. The impeller can be mounted directly on the shaft extension of the
prime mover or separately on a shaft supported between two additional
bearings. The second arrangements is adopted for large fans in which the
impeller through flexible couplings.
Centrifugal fan is mostly used in HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air
Conditioning) industry.
The centrifugal fan uses the centrifugal power supplied from the rotation of
impellers to increase the kinetic energy of air/gases. When the impellers
rotate, the gas particles near the impellers are thrownoff from the impellers,
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then moves into the fan casing. As a result, the kinetic energy of gas is
measured as pressure because of the system resistance offered by the casing
and duct. The gas is then guided to the exit via outlet ducts. After the gas is
thrownoff, the gas pressure in the middle region of the impellers decreases.
The gas from the impeller eye rushes in to normalize this. This cycle repeats
and therefore the gas can be continuously transferred. The ratio of Discharge
by suction pressure i.e. (P2/P1) <1.1
Application of Centrifugal Fan
High pressures for harsh conditions
High temperatures
Moist/dirty air streams
Material handling
Types of Centrifugal Fan
Forward curved
Backward curved
Radial
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FORWARD CURVED BLADE CENTRIFUGAL FAN
Characteristics:
Blades inclined in the direction of motion of fluid.
Best suited for medium pressure application with more flow rate.
Low speed, does not require highstrength design.
Relatively small in size compared to other fan types.
Power rises continuously.
Efficiency ranges from 5565%
Application:
Suitable for clean air environment as blades easily accumulate dirt.
Well suited for residential heating, ventilation and air conditioning
(HVAC) application.
Application that require low to medium air volumes at low pressure.
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Fan & Blower
BACKWARD CURVED BLADE CENTRIFUGAL FAN
Characteristics:
Blades inclined opposite to the direction of motion of fluid.
Can operate with changing static pressure.
Suitable for high flow, high pressure and high efficiency.
More efficient than forward curved blade.
Instability and erosion risk.
Power reduces as flow increases beyond point of highest efficiency.
Efficiency greater than 85%.
Application:
Heating ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC).
Various industrial applications.
Common application is forced draft fan.
RADIAL BLADE CENTRIFUGAL FAN
Characteristic
Blades perpendicular to axis of rotation.
Suitable for high pressures and medium flow rate.
Capable of handling highparticulate airstreams, including dust, wood
chips and metal scraps because the flat blade restricts material build
up.
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Blades can be coated with protective compound to add resistance to
erosion and corrosion.
Can operate safely and quietly even in high vibration condition.
Efficiencies up to 75%.
Application:
Suitable for low/medium airflow rates only.
Have large running clearances, which is useful for airbornesolids
(dust, wood, chips and metal scraps) handling services.
Axial Fan
Axial Fans are those which move the air stream along the axis of shaft
Air enters and leaves the fan with no change in direction. Hence the
flow is axial at the entry and exit.
Air moves parallel to the shaft about which the blade rotates.
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Working of Axial Fan
Fan blades are rotated at high speed using a prime mover. The fan blades
generate an aerodynamic lift that pressurizes the air. Air moves along the
axis of fan. They are popular with industry because they are inexpensive,
compact and light.
Application of Axial Fan
Ventilation (requires reverse airflow)
Exhausts (dust, smoke, steam)
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Types of Axial Fan
Fan & Blower
Propeller fan
Tube axial Fan
Vane axial fan
PROPELLER AXIAL FAN
Characteristics
Consist of Wheel with blades mounted on the motor shaft.
There is no housing on the outside.
A frame holds the whole wheel arrangement.
It can reverse flow direction.
Efficiency is low(up to 50% or less).
Application
Suited for high air flow at low pressure.
Aircirculation.
Ventilations and exhaust.
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TUBE AXIAL FAN
Fan & Blower
Characteristics
Application
Suited for medium pressure high airflow rates.
HVAC systems
Exhausts.
VANE AXIAL FAN
Characteristics
Similar to tube axial fan but with addition of guide vanes to improve
efficiency.
These guide vanes improve efficiency by directing and straightening
the flow.
Suitable for medium and high pressure applications(up to 500mm
WC).
Efficiency is up to 85%.
Most efficient of all axial fans.
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Application
Suited for high pressure applications with medium flow rate.
HVAC systems
Exhausts.
Vanes
Blades
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BLOWER
BLOWER CLASSIFICATION
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