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IOT Based Home Automation Using Arduino

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 International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Research Technology (IJEART)
ISSN: 2454-9290, Volume-3, Issue-8, August 2017

IOT Based Home Automation Using Arduino

G.Mahalakshmi, M.Vigneshwaran

Abstract— While the cost of living is going up, there is a In the present day, home automation is becoming essential for
growing focus to involve technology to lower those prices. With the purpose of improving our life condition. Convenience and
this in mind the Smart Home project allows the user to build and ease of using home appliances is what home automation is
maintain a house that is smart enough to keep energy levels
offering. Home automation offers a futuristic way of life in
down while providing more automated applications. A smart
home will take advantage of its environment and allow seamless
which an individual gets to control his entire house using a
control whether the user is present or away. With a home that smart phone, from turning on a TV to locking/unlocking
has this advantage, you can know that your home is performing doors; it also offers an efficient use of energy. But to get or
at its best in energy performance. By implementing this system, acquire such system installed will cost a lot of money and that
it is possible to explore a variety of different engineering is the major reason of why home automation has not received
challenges, including software programming, PCB design, much demand and attention, adding to that also the
Wi-Fi, TCP/IP protocols, Web Server logic design, and other complexity of installing it and configuring it.
aspects. This automation system provides great insights to the Thus it is essential to make it cost effective and easy
challenges of software and hardware design.
to configure, if this is granted to people then they will be
Index Terms— Arduino uno,MQ-6 sensor,PIR Sensor,Wi-fi
willing to acquire it in their homes, offices and schools. In
module other words, a system modification for the home automation
is required in order to lower the price of applying it to houses.
I. INTRODUCTION Also home automation offers ease of mind and body to
handicapped and/or elders in their houses by just one click to
While the cost of living is going up, there is a growing do what they want as stated above. Overview of the system is
focus to involve technology to lower those prices. With this in shown in Fig(i)
mind the Smart Home project allows the user to build and
maintain a house that is smart enough to keep energy levels
down while providing more automated applications. A smart
home will take advantage of its environment and allow
seamless control whether the user is present or away. With a
home that has this advantage, you can know that your home is
performing at its best in energy performance.
By implementing this system, it is possible to explore a
variety of different engineering challenges, including
software programming, PCB design, Wi-Fi, TCP/IP
protocols, Web Server logic design, and other aspects. This
automation system provides great insights to the challenges
of software and hardware design.

II. GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Fig (i) Overview of the System
A. Overview of the System
A low cost and efficient smart home system is B. Existing System
presented in this paper. This system has two main modules: The Existing system based on with the GSM Module
the hardware interface module and the software & Bluetooth Module only. The recent developments in
communication module. At the heart of this system is the technology which permit the Use of Bluetooth and Wi-Fi have
Arduino UNO microcontroller which is also capable of enabled different devices to have capabilities of connecting
functioning as a micro web server and the interface for all the with each other. Using a WIFI shield to act as a Micro web
hardware modules. All communication and controls in this server for the Arduino eliminates the need for wired
system pass through the microcontroller. The smart home connections between the Arduino board and computer which
system offers feature such as environmental monitoring using reduces cost and enables it to work as a standalone device.
the temperature, humidity, gas and smoke sensors. It also The Wi-Fi shield needs connection to the internet from a
offers switching functionalities to control lighting ,fans/air wireless router or wireless hotspot and this would act as the
conditioners, and other home appliances connected to the gateway for the Arduino to communicate with the internet.
relay system. Another feature of this system is the intrusion With this in mind, an internet based home automation system
detection which it offers using the motion sensor and all these for remote control of home appliances is designed.
can be controlled from the Android Smartphone app or web .
application.

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 IOT Based Home Automation Using Arduino

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM IV. ARDUINO UNO

Our proposed system is an arduino based home The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the
automation done with Arduino connected to a wifi and ATmega328 as shown in Fig(iii). It has 14 digital input/output
controlled via android app or a social media network. This pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog
system deals with the safety in home and smart home inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a
technologies which will be cost efficient. Block Diagram of power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains
the proposed system is shown in Fig(ii) everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply
Arduino can sense the surroundings by receiving connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an
input signal from a variety of sensors and can affect its AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
environment via actuators . An analog temperature sensor is a
chip that tells you what the ambient temperature is. The
DHT11 is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperatureand
humidity sensor . It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and
athermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a
digital signalon the data pin (no analog input pins needed). It
is fairly simple to use,but requires careful timing to grab data.
The only real downside of this sensor is you can only get new
data from it once every 2 seconds, so when using our library,
sensor readings can be up to 2 seconds old. Fig.(III) Arduino UNO
The Passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensors allow one to
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not
sense motion, almost always and are used to detect whether a
use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it features
human has moved in orout of the sensors range. The PIR
the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2)
sensor is a pyroelectric device thatdetects motion by
programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
measuring changes in the infrared level emitted
Revision 2 of the Uno board has a resistor pulling the 8U2
bysurrounding objects. This motion can be detected by
HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.
checking for a highsignal on a signal I/O pin .
They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use A. MOTOR DRIVER
and don't wear out. For that reason they are commonly found Future Electronics has a full programmable motor
in appliances and gadgets used in homes or businesses. MQ6 driver selection from several chip manufacturers that can be
is a semiconductor type sensor, which can appropriately sense used for a motor driver IC(integrated circuit), bipolar stepper
the presence of smoke, LPG, methane, butane, propane and motor driver, H bridge motor driver,servo motor driver, DC
other hydrocarbon combustible gases. The sensitive material motor driver, brushless motor driver or for anycircuit that may
in this sensor is tin-dioxide(SnO2). When it comes in contact require a motor driver.Motor driver is shown in Figure (iv)
with the gas to be monitored, the electrical resistance of the Simply choose from the motor driver technical
sensor decreases; enabling the microcontroller to respond to attributes below and your search results will quickly be
the situation. narrowed in order to match your specific motor driver
When it detects the concentration of combustible gas application needs. If you have a preferred brand, we deal with
in the air it outputs its reading as an analog voltage. The several semiconductor manufacturers such as Free scale
sensor can measure concentrations of flammable gas of 300 to Semiconductor, ON Semiconductor ,ROHM Semiconductor
10,000ppm. The sensor can operate at temperatures from -20 or STMicroelectronics, among others. You can easily refine
to 50°C and consumes less than 150 mA at 5 V. To allow your motor driver product search results by clicking your
connection for power plugs and switching of electrical load preferred motor driver brand below from our list of
within the home, relay switches are used. The relay switches manufacturers. Motor drivers can be found in a wide array of
have capability to carry a maximum load of10A at 240V. This applications including Relay and solenoid switching,•
is sufficient to carry any household appliance as these devices Stepping motor, LED and incandescent displays,•
do not draw much current. The Wi-Fi shield provides internet Automotive applications, Audio-visual equipment,PC
connectivity for the embedded micro web server which allows Peripherals
internet access and controls from a web application.

Fig (ii)Block Diagram of the proposed system

Fig(iv) Motor Driver

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 International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Research Technology (IJEART)
ISSN: 2454-9290, Volume-3, Issue-8, August 2017
B. Wi-Fi Module An individual PIR sensor detects changes in the
The ESP2866Wi-Fi Module is a self-contained SOC amount of infrared radiation impinging upon it, which varies
with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any depending on the temperature and surface characteristics of
microcontrolleraccess to your Wi-Fi network. The ESP2866 the objects in front of the sensor. When an object, such as a
is capable of eitherhosting an application or offloading all human, passes in front of the background, such as a wall, the
Wi-Fi networking functionsfrom another application temperature at that point in the sensor's field of view will rise
processor. Each ESP2866 module comespre-programmed from room temperature to body temperature, and then back
with an AT command set firmware, meaning, youcan simply again. The sensor converts the resulting change in the
hook this up to your Arduino device and get about asmuch incoming infrared radiation into a change in the output
Wi-Fi-ability as a Wi-Fi Shield offers (and that’s just out of voltage, and this triggers the detection. Objects of similar
thebox)! The ESP2866 module is an extremely cost effective temperature but different surface characteristics may also
board witha huge, and ever growing, community.This module have a different infrared emission pattern, and thus moving
has a powerful enough on-board processing and them with respect to the background may trigger the detector
storagecapability that allows it to be integrated with the as well.
sensors and otherapplication specific devices through its
GPIOs with minimaldevelopment up-front and minimal PIRs come in many configurations for a wide variety
loading during runtime. Its highdegree of on-chip integration of applications. The most common models have numerous
allows for minimal external circuitry,including the front-end Fresnel lenses or mirror segments, an effective range of about
module, is designed to occupy minimal PCBarea. The ten meters (thirty feet), and a field of view less than 180
ESP2866 supports APSD for VoIP applications and degrees. Models with wider fields of view, including 360
Bluetoothco-existance interfaces, it contains a self-calibrated degrees, are available typically designed to mount on a
RF allowing it towork under all operating conditions, and ceiling. Some larger PIRs are made with single segment
requires no external RF parts.Wifi module is shown in Fig (v) mirrors and can sense changes in infrared energy over thirty
meters (one hundred feet) away from the PIR. There are also
PIRs designed with reversible orientation mirrors which allow
either broad coverage (110° wide) or very narrow "curtain"
coverage or with individually selectable segments to "shape"
the coverage.
MQ-6 SENSOR
This is a simple-to-use liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG) sensor, suitablefor sensing LPG (composed of mostly
propane and butane)concentrations in the air. The MQ-6 can
detect gas concentrationsanywhere from 200 to 10000
Fig(v) Wi-Fi module ppm.This sensor has a high sensitivity and fast response time.
The sensor’soutput is an analog resistance. The drive circuit is
C. Sensors very simple; all youneed to do is power the heater coil with
A sensor is a device that detects and responds to 5V, add a load resistance, andconnect the output to an
some type ofinput from the physical environment. The ADC.This sensor comes in a package similar to our MQ-3
specific input could be light,heat, motion, moisture, pressure, alcohol sensor, andcan be used with the breakout board below
or any one of a great number of otherenvironmental
phenomena. The output is generally a signal that isconverted
to human-readable display at the sensor location
ortransmitted electronically over a network for reading or
further processing.
PIR SENSOR

Fig(vi) MQ6Sensor

LPG Gas Sensor (MQ6) Features:

•High Sensitivity to LPG, iso-butane, propane
• Small sensitivity to alcohol, smoke
• Detection Range: 100 - 10,000 ppm iso-butane propane
• Fast Response Time: <10s
Fig(v) PIR Sensor • Simple drive circuit
• Heater Voltage: 5.0V
A PIR-based motion detector shown in fig (v) is used Dimensions:
to sense movement of people, animals, or other objects. They • 18mm Diameter,• 17mm High excluding pins
are commonly used in burglar alarms and Applications include , Gas leak detection system, Fire/Safety
automatically-activated lighting systems. They are commonly detection system, Gas leak alarm, Gas detector
called simply "PIR", or sometimes "PID", for "passive
infrared detector".

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 IOT Based Home Automation Using Arduino

D. Software Description developed by the Babel Projectprovide translations into over

Eclipse was inspired by the Smalltalk-based Visual 40 natural languages.
Age family ofintegrated development environment (IDE)
products. Although fairlysuccessful, a major drawback of the
Visual Age products was thatdeveloped code was not in a
component-based software engineeringmodel. Instead, all
code for a project was held in a compressed lump(somewhat
like a zip file but in a proprietary format called
.dat).Individual classes could not be easily accessed, certainly
not outside thetool. A team primarily at the IBM Cary NC lab
developed the newproduct as a Java-based replacement. In
November 2001, a consortiumwas formed with a board of
stewards to further the development ofEclipse as open-source
software. It is estimated that IBM had alreadyinvested nearly
$40 million by that time. The original members wereBorland,
IBM, Merant, QNX Software Systems, Rational Software, Fig (vii)Eclipse Software
RedHat, SuSE, Together Soft, and Web Gain. The number of
stewardsincreased to over 80 by the end of 2003. In January V. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
2004, the EclipseFoundation was created.Eclipse 3.0 A model house is built for the home automation
(released on 21 June 2004) selected the OSGi system. At the door ofthe house a motion sensor is fixed to
ServicePlatform specifications as the runtime architecture. detect any movement near the door.Light 1 will turn on
The Association for Computing Machinery automatically when light sensor detects thedarkness. A
recognized Eclipse with the2011 ACM Software Systems cooler/Fan will turn on when the room temperature
Award on 26 April 2012.Eclipse uses plug-ins to provide all exceedsthe set threshold and in turn reduces the room
the functionality within and on top ofthe runtime system. Its temperature. The gassensor MQ-6 is placed in the kitchen to
runtime system is based on Equinox, animplementation of the detect any gas leakage, if anyleakage is detected the alarm in
OSGi core framework specification.In addition to allowing the hall is raised. Relay is used to switchthe electrical
the Eclipse Platform to be extended using otherprogramming appliances like light, fan etc. The Intel Galileo is placed
languages, such as C and Python, the plug-in instore room or garage. The Intel Galileo is connected with
frameworkallows the Eclipse Platform to work with Wi-Fi card withthe antennas for the connectivity with internet.
typesetting languages likeLaTeX and networking applications Another feature of this system is the intrusion
such as telnet and databasemanagement systems. The plug-in detection which it offersusing the motion sensor and all these
architecture supports writing anydesired extension to the can be controlled from the Android Smartphone app or web
environment, such as for configurationmanagement. Java and application.
CVS support is provided in the Eclipse SDK,with support for
other version control systems provided by
third-partyplug-ins.With the exception of a small run-time
kernel, everything in Eclipse is aplug-in. Thus, every plug-in
developed integrates with Eclipse in thesame way as other
plug-ins; in this respect, all features are "created equal".
Eclipse provides plug-ins for a wide variety of features, some
ofwhich are from third parties using both free and commercial
models.Examples of plug-ins include for Unified Modeling
Language (UML),for Sequence and other UML diagrams, a
plug-in for DB Explorer, andmany more. Fig(viii) Hardware Implementation
The Eclipse SDK includes the Eclipse Java
development tools (JDT),offering an IDE with a built-in Java
incremental compiler and a fullmodel of the Java source files.
This allows for advanced refactoringtechniques and code
analysis. The IDE also makes use of a workspace,in this case
a set of metadata over a flat file space allowing external
filemodifications as long as the corresponding workspace
resource isrefreshed afterward.Eclipse implements the
graphical control elements of the Java toolkitcalled Standard
Widget Toolkit (SWT), whereas most Java applicationsuse
the Java standard Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT) or
Swing.Eclipse's user interface also uses an intermediate
graphical user interface layer called JFace, which simplifies
the construction of applicationsbased on SWT. Eclipse was
made to run on Wayland during a GoogleSummer of Code Fig(ix) APP screen shot
(GSoC) Project in 2014.As of 2017, language packs being

10 www.ijeart.com
 International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Research Technology (IJEART)
ISSN: 2454-9290, Volume-3, Issue-8, August 2017
The App can be controlled by any place in the world with the [15] Das, S.R., Chita, S., Peterson, N., Shirazi, B.A., Bhadkamkar,
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layer forcommunicating between the remote user and the
home devices. AnyAndroid based Smart phone with built in
support for Wi-Fi can be usedto access and control the
devices at home. When a Wi-Fi connection isnot available,
mobile cellular networks such as 3G or 4G can engine thus
eliminating the need for an external voice recognitionmodule. G. Mahalakshmi received B.E degree in Electrical
&Electronics Engineering from Periyar University, Salem and M.E in Power
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