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4 Methodology

The document describes the methodology for modeling and analyzing a crankshaft using finite element analysis software ANSYS. It involves modeling the crankshaft geometry in SOLIDWORKS considering main dimensions. Meshing is done by tetrahedral elements and free meshing. Boundary conditions are applied by constraining displacement at bolt holes. Natural frequencies and vibration modes are obtained by solving calculations using the Block Lanczos method to analyze the first 10 modes.

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63 views

4 Methodology

The document describes the methodology for modeling and analyzing a crankshaft using finite element analysis software ANSYS. It involves modeling the crankshaft geometry in SOLIDWORKS considering main dimensions. Meshing is done by tetrahedral elements and free meshing. Boundary conditions are applied by constraining displacement at bolt holes. Natural frequencies and vibration modes are obtained by solving calculations using the Block Lanczos method to analyze the first 10 modes.

Uploaded by

pramo_dass
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

METHODOLOGY:
The following methodology is being adopted to carry out the above mentioned objectives:
1. The ansys achieved by aircraft landing gear and CAD model was designed by CATIA V5
2. Using ANSYS the overall buckling load are computed and tried to validate with classical
theory.
3. Using these equivalent properties of the composite the natural frequency computations are
done.
Fig.3.1 shows present methodology.

4 INTRODUCTION TO CATIA
CATIA which stands for computer aided three dimensional interactive applications is
the most powerful and widely used CAD (computer aided design) software of its kind in the
world. CATIA is owned/developed by Dassault system of France and until 2010, was marketed
worldwide by IBM.
The Following general methodologies and best practices can be followed in the
modeling of components in CATIA. The Below methodologies and Best practices followed
will help in capturing the design intent of the Feature that is to be Modeled and will make the
design robust and easy to navigate through.
 Specification tree structuring
 Renaming appropriate features & bodies in specification tree
 Handling input data & foreign bodies
 Dimensioning & constraining in sketches
 Parameters and relations.

4.1 SPECIFICATION TREE STRUCTURING


a) The SPECIFICATION TREE is the place where the histories of the features modeled
are captured. So it is highly important to have an organized tree structure which gives
ease for navigation of the features when any modification takes place.

b) The SPECIFICATION TREE in a structured manner. The Machining Body features are
grouped under one body and base block features in another and so on with appropriate
feature operations.
c) It is also important in structuring the reference and construction element in the tree in
an orderly manner.
d) The points that would be often used (like the Global Origin Point 0, 0, 0,) can be created
under Points GEOMETRICAL SET and any reference planes defining legal limits can
be created in the planes GEOMETRICAL SET.

4.2 RENAMING APPROPRIATE FEATURES & BODIES IN SPECIFICATION TREE

a) The renaming of features within the design becomes mandatory as it will be useful for
the end users to by far identify things for modification.
b) For instance an end user who wants to identify the M5 holes on the model the
SPECIFICATION TREE helps easily in identifying the M5 holes in the model there by
making modifications easy.
c) Also renaming all the features every now and then as it is created will easy things at the
end.
d) “Base Block Sketch” and “Base Block” is which will be useful in identifying them at
a later stage.
e) Renaming the Bodies also helps in navigation.

4.3 HANDLING INPUT DATA AND FOREIGN BODIES


a) Any external data that are to be handled in the model can be grouped under a
GEOMETRICAL SET called input data which can be used in the model when
situation demands.

b) Some foreign elements like planes, points, curves and surfaces that would be used in
the modeling process.

c) By grouping the foreign elements in a separate GEOMETRICAL SET it is easy to


identify them in the SPECIFICATION TREE.

4.4 DIMENSIONING AND CONSTRAINING IN SKETCHES


a) Planes should be intersected in the sketches and made as construction elements and
should be used as dimension reference for geometries, this helps in identifying the
dimension line clearly in a complex sketch.
b) Equivalent dimension should be used wherever possible to minimize modification time
in the sketches.
c) Usage of sketch analysis command is mandatory at the end of every sketch build which
helps in diagnosing the sketch thereby identifying abnormalities.
Robust design Intent can be Achieved with the Integration of Parameters and Relations

4.3 Fundamental of FEA


FEA consists of a computer model of a material or design that is stressed and analyzed for
specific results. It is used in new product design, and existing product refinement. A company
is able to verify a proposed design will be able to perform to the client's specifications prior to
manufacturing or construction. Modifying an existing product or structure is utilized to qualify
the product or structure for a new service condition. In case of structural failure, FEA may be
used to help determine the design modifications to meet the new condition. FEA uses a
complex system of points called nodes which make a grid called a mesh. This mesh is
programmed to contain the material and structural properties which define how the structure
will react to certain loading conditions. Nodes are assigned at a certain density throughout the
material depending on the anticipated stress levels of a particular area. In practice, a finite
element analysis usually consists of three principal steps.
4.3.1. Preprocessing - The user constructs a model of the part to be analyzed in which the
geometry is divided into a number of discrete sub regions, or elements," connected at discrete
points called nodes." Certain of these nodes will have fixed displacements, and others will have
prescribed loads. These models can be extremely time consuming to prepare, and commercial
codes vie with one another to have the most user-friendly graphical “preprocessor" to assist in
this rather tedious chore. Some of these preprocessors can overlay a mesh on a preexisting
CAD file, so that finite element analysis can be done conveniently as part of the computerized
drafting-and-design process.

4.3.2Analysis - The dataset prepared by the preprocessor is used as input to the finite element
code itself, which constructs and solves a system of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations
[K][U]=[F]
where u and f are the displacements and externally applied forces at the nodal points. The
formation of the K matrix is dependent on the type of problem being attacked, and this module
will outline the approach for truss and linear elastic stress analyses. Commercial codes may
have very large element libraries, with elements appropriate to a wide range of problem types.
One of FEA's principal advantages is that many problem types can be addressed with the same
code, merely by specifying the appropriate element types from the library.
4.3.3 Postprocessing - In the earlier days of finite element analysis, the user would pore
through reams of numbers generated by the code, listing displacements and stresses at discrete
positions within the model. It is easy to miss important trends and hot spots this way, and
modern codes use graphical displays to assist in visualizing the results. Typical postprocessor
display overlays colored contours representing stress levels on the model, showing a full field
picture similar to that of photo elastic or moiré experimental results.
4.4 ANSYS
ANSYS is general-purpose finite element analysis (FEA) software package. Finite Element
Analysis is a numerical method of deconstructing a complex system into very small pieces (of
user-designated size) called elements. The software implements equations that govern the
behaviour of these elements and solves them all; creating a comprehensive explanation of how
the system acts as a whole. These results then can be presented in tabulated, or graphical forms.
This type of analysis is typically used for the design and optimization of a system far too
complex to analyze by hand. Systems that may fit into this category are too complex due to
their geometry, scale, or governing equations.
MODELING AND MESHING OF CRANKSHAFT

According to the structure of crankshaft, the main dimension parameters are considered while preparing
model in SOLID WORKS. The materials for crankshaft are shown in Table. II.
Table. II Materials for Crankshaft

Importing External Geometry ;

Mesh Generation.:
Mesh generation is an important step in the pre-processing of finite element
method, and it is time-consuming. The correct and reasonable meshing is the key to
numerical simulation of finite element method. The quality of the mesh will directly
determine the speed, accuracy and accuracy of the final analysis. This step plays a global role
in the validity and reliability of the finite element analysis. When the brake drum is meshed,
the 3D entity Solid 187 tetrahedron element is selected, and each unit has 10 nodes. The
brake drum is meshed by the free meshing method.

Nodes 18887
Elements 9958

Adding Constraints and Solving Calculations.

The brake drum modal test can get natural frequency of brake drum under free condition,
and the brake drum is usually connected with other parts, so the displacement constraints in the
bolt hole of cylinder brake drum and other parts connected on both axial and normal. Because
the external excitation frequency of the brake drum is low, the low order vibration mode plays
a decisive role in the dynamic performance of the brake drum. Therefore, the first 10 natural
frequencies and vibration modes of the brake drum are solved by Block Lanczos method. The
advantage of the method is that the mesh quality is low and the running speed is fast

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