Free Will Enslavement Liberty

Freedom, generally, is having the ability to act or change without constraint.
Something is "free" if
it can change easily and is not constrained in its present state. In philosophy and religion, it is
associated with having free will and being without undue or unjust constraints, or enslavement,
and is an idea closely related to the concept of liberty. A person has the freedom to do things that
will not, in theory or in practice, be prevented by other forces. Outside of the human realm,
freedom generally does not have this political or psychological dimension. A rusty lock might be
oiled so that the key has freedom to turn, undergrowth may be hacked away to give a newly
planted sapling freedom to grow, or a mathematician may study an equation having many
degrees of freedom. In mechanical engineering, "freedom" describes the number of independent
motions that are allowed to a body or system, which is generally referred to as degrees of
freedom."
Contents
 1Free will
 2Personal and social freedom or liberty
 3Freedom as a physical concept
 4Freedom in mathematical theory
 5References
 6External links
Free will[edit]
Main article: Free will
In philosophical discourse, freedom is discussed in the context of free will and self-determination,
balanced by moral responsibility.
Advocates of free will regard freedom of thought as innate to the human mind, while opponents
regard the mind as thinking only the thoughts that a purely deterministic brain happens to be
engaged in at the time.
Personal and social freedom or liberty[edit]

Four Freedoms, a series of paintings meant to describe the freedoms for which allied nations fought in
World War II.
Main articles: Academic freedom, Intellectual freedom, Scientific freedom, Economic

freedom, Political freedom, Civil liberties, and Liberty
In political discourse, political freedom is often associated with liberty and autonomy in the sense
of "giving oneself their own laws", and with having rights and the civil liberties with which to
exercise them without undue interference by the state. Frequently discussed kinds of political
freedom include freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of choice, and freedom of
speech.
In some circumstances, particularly when discussion is limited to political freedoms, the terms
"freedom" and "liberty" tend to be used interchangeably. [1][2] Elsewhere, however, subtle
distinctions between freedom and liberty have been noted. [3] John Stuart Mill, differentiated liberty
from freedom in that freedom is primarily, if not exclusively, the ability to do as one wills and what
one has the power to do; whereas liberty concerns the absence of arbitrary restraints and takes
into account the rights of all involved. As such, the exercise of liberty is subject to capability and
limited by the rights of others.[4]
Wendy Hui Kyong Chun explains the differences in terms of their relation to institutions:
Liberty is linked to human subjectivity; freedom is not. The Declaration of Independence, for
example, describes men as having liberty and the nation as being free. Free will—the quality of
being free from the control of fate or necessity—may first have been attributed to human will,
but Newtonian physics attributes freedom—degrees of freedom, free bodies—to objects.[5]
Freedom differs from liberty as control differs from discipline. Liberty, like discipline, is linked to
institutions and political parties, whether liberal or libertarian; freedom is not. Although freedom
can work for or against institutions, it is not bound to them—it travels through unofficial networks.
To have liberty is to be liberated from something; to be free is to be self-determining,
autonomous. Freedom can or cannot exist within a state of liberty: one can be liberated
yet unfree, or free yet enslaved (Orlando Patterson has argued in Freedom: Freedom in the
Making of Western Culture that freedom arose from the yearnings of slaves).[5]
Another distinction that some political theorists have deemed important is that people may aspire
to have freedom from limiting forces (such as freedom from fear, freedom from want,
and freedom from discrimination), but descriptions of freedom and liberty generally do not invoke
having liberty from anything.[2] To the contrary, the concept of negative liberty refers to the liberty
one person may have to restrict the rights of others. [2]
Other important fields in which freedom is an issue include economic freedom, academic
freedom, intellectual freedom, and scientific freedom.
Freedom as a physical concept[edit]

In purely physical terms, freedom is used much more broadly to describe the limits to which
physical movement or other physical processes are possible. This relates to the philosophical
concept to the extent that people may be considered to have as much freedom as they are
physically able to exercise. The number of independent variables or parameters for a system is
described as its number of degrees of freedom. For example the movement of a vehicle along a
road has two degrees of freedom; to go fast or slow, or to change direction by turning left or right.
The movement of a ship sailing on the waves has four degrees of freedom, since it can also pitch
nose-to-tail and roll side-to-side. An aeroplane can also climb and sideslip, giving it six degrees of
freedom.
Degrees of freedom in mechanics describes the number of independent motions that are allowed
to a body, or, in case of a mechanism made of several bodies, the number of possible
independent relative motions between the pieces of the mechanism. In the study of
complex motor control, there may be so many degrees of freedom that a given action can be
achieved in different ways by combining movements with different degrees of freedom. This issue
is sometimes called the degrees of freedom problem.
Freedom in mathematical theory[edit]

In mathematics freedom is the ability of a variable to change in value.
Some equations have many such variables. This notion is formalized as the dimension of
a manifold or an algebraic variety. When degrees of freedom is used instead of dimension, this
usually means that the manifold or variety that models the system is only implicitly defined. Such
degrees of freedom appear in many mathematical and related disciplines, including degrees of
freedom as used in physics and chemistry to explain dependence on parameters, or
the dimensions of a phase space; and degrees of freedom in statistics, the number of values in
the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary.
References[edit]
1. ^ See Bertrand Badie, Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Leonardo Morlino, International Encyclopedia
of Political Science (2011), p. 1447: "Throughout this entry, incidentally, the terms freedom and
liberty are used interchangeably".
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c Anna Wierzbicka, Understanding Cultures Through Their Key
Words (1997), p. 130-31: "Unfortunately... the English words freedom and liberty are used
interchangeably. This is confusing because these two do not mean the same, and in fact what
[Isaiah] Berlin calls "the notion of 'negative' freedom" has become largely incorporated in the
word freedom, whereas the word liberty in its earlier meaning was much closer to the Latin libertas
and in its current meaning reflects a different concept, which is a product of the Anglo-Saxon
culture".
3. ^ Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, Control and Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber
Optics (2008), p. 9: "Although used interchangeably, freedom and liberty have significantly different
etymologies and histories. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the Old English frei (derived
from Sanskrit) meant dear and described all those close or related to the head of the family (hence
friends). Conversely in Latin, libertas denoted the legal state of being free versus enslaved and
was later extended to children (liberi), meaning literally the free members of the household. Those
who are one's friends are free; those who are not are slaves".
4. ^ Mill, J.S. (1869)., "Chapter I: Introductory", On
Liberty. http://www.bartleby.com/130/1.html
5. ^ Jump up to:a b Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, Control and Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the
Age of Fiber Optics (2008), p. 9.
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Freedom, generally, is having the ability to act or change without constraint.

 3Freedom as a physical concept

 4Freedom in mathematical theory

Personal and social freedom or liberty[edit]

Main articles: Academic freedom, Intellectual freedom, Scientific freedom, Economic

Freedom as a physical concept[edit]

Freedom in mathematical theory[edit]

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