K3

Hazardous
material
Section #3
Chemical Hazards
The primary hazard category
1.Fire Hazard
2.Pressure hazards
3.Reactivity hazard
4.Acute (immediate) health
hazards
5.Chronic (delayed) health
Pengertian B3 berdasar
UU no 74 tahun 2001
B3 adalah bahan yang karena sifat dan atau

konsentrasinya dan atau jumlahnya, baik
secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, dapat
mencemarkan dan atau merusak lingkungan hidup, dan
atau dapat membahayakan lingkungan hidup, kesehatan,
kelangsungan hidup manusia serta mahluk hidup lainnya
HAZARD SYMBOLS
The skull and crossbones, a common symbol for

poison.
Tanda bahaya (Hazard symbols) adalah tanda

yg mudah dikenal dan di design untuk
memberi peringatan tentang bahan berbahaya
(hazardous materials) atau lokasi yg
berbahaya.
Radioactive sign
new ionizing radiation symbol

Chemical hazard symbol
• A chemical hazard label is a pictogram
applied to containers of dangerous
chemical compounds to indicate the
specific risk, and thus the required
precautions. There are several systems of
labels.
• The U.S.-based National Fire Protection

Association (NFPA) has a standard NFPA
704 using a diamond with four colored
sections
Hazard classes for materials in transport
Following the UN Model, the DOT

divides regulated hazardous materials
into nine classes, some of which are
further divided into divisions.
• Class 1: Explosives — Six subclasses.
1.1 — Explosives with a mass explosion hazard. (nitroglycerin/dynamite)
1.2 — Explosives with a blast/projection hazard.
1.3 — Explosives with a minor blast hazard. (rocket propellant, display
fireworks)
1.4 — Explosives with a major fire hazard. (consumer fireworks, ammunition)
1.5 — Blasting agents.
1.6 — Extremely insensitive explosives.
• Class 2: Compressed Gases — Three subclasses.

2.1 — Flammable gases. (propane, hydrogen)
2.2 — Non-flammable gases. (helium, nitrogen)
2.3 — Poison gases. (chlorine, phosgene)
• Class 3: Flammable Liquids — Liquids with a flash point at
or below 140 °F (gasoline, some alcoholic beverages)
Combustible Liquids — Liquids with a flash point between
140 and 200 °F
• Class 4: Flammables — Three subclasses.

• 4.1 — Flammable solids. (magnesium powder, red
phosphorus, etc.)
• 4.2 — Spontaneously combustible materials. (white
phosphorus)
• 4.3 — Water reactive materials. (sodium, potassium)
• Class 5: Oxidizing Materials — Two subclasses.
5.1 — Oxidizers. (ammonium nitrate, hydrogen peroxide)
5.2 — Organic peroxides. (benzoyl peroxide)
• Class 6: Toxic Materials — Three subclasses.

6.1 — Poisonous liquids or solids. (potassium cyanide, mercuric chloride)
6.2 — Infectious/biohazardous substances. (anthrax, HIV)
6.3 — Liquids and solids with a lower toxicity than those in group 6.1.
• Class 7: Radioactive Materials — Three subclasses.

7.1-7.3 — Radioactive I, II, III. (uranium, plutonium, radioactive
waste)
• Class 8: Corrosive Materials — acids and bases (sodium
hydroxide, sulfuric acid)
• Class 9: Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods — materials

that are hazardous during transportation but do not meet the
definition of any of the other hazard classes, for example dry ice
in an airplane or hot asphalt).
Biohazard sign
Warning sign
BiologicaL HAZARDS
• A biological hazard or biohazard is an organism, or substance
derived from an organism, that poses a threat to (primarily)
human health. This can include medical waste, samples of a
microorganism, virus or toxin (from a biological source) that
can impact human health. It can also include substances harmful
to animals.
Biohazardous agents are classified for transportation by UN

number:
– UN 2814 (Infectious Substance, Affecting Humans)
– UN 2900 (Infectious Substance, Affecting Animals)
– UN 3733 (Diagnostic Specimen or Clinical Specimen or
Biological Substance, Category B)
– UN 3291 (Medical Waste)
Chemical Categories for storage
1. Basic Rules of Chemical Safety
Rule 1. Don’t buy or store chemicals you don’t need.
Rule 2. Store chemicals in their original containers.
Rule 3. Always read MSDS wear appropriate safety gear

and work in a safe environment.
Chemical Categories
1. Acids
2. Bases
3. Flammable
4. Oxidizers
5. Pyrophoric Substances
6. Light-Sensitive Chemicals
7. Carcinogens
Acids
Chemical Storage – Corrosives
Store concentrated acids and bases separately.
H+ OH-
Keep corrosives away from organic Chemicals

and combustible materials.
Some pointers for safe storage of strong acids:
• Store large bottles of acids on low shelf or in acid cabinets.

• Segregate oxidizing acids from organic acids, flammables and
combustible materials.
• Segregate acids from bases and active metals such as sodium,
potassium, etc.
• Use bottle carrier for transporting acid bottles.
• Have spill control pillows or acid neutralizers available in case
of spill.
Acids
Examples of strong acids:
Strong Oxidizing Acids Organic Acids
Chromic Acids Acetic Acid
Nitric Acid Phenol
Hydrobromic Acid Benzoic Acid
Perchloric Acid Trichloroacetic
Iodic Acid
Sulfuric Acid
Bases
Chemical Categories: Bases
Examples of strong bases:

Ammonium Hydroxide
Calcium Hydroxide
Bicarbonates
Potassium Hydroxide
Carbonates
Sodium Hydroxide
Bahan Mudah Terbakar
Introduction
The two primary hazards

associated with flammable
and combustible liquids are
explosion and fire
Flash Point
• Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a

liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture
• In general, the lower the flash point, the greater the
hazard
• Flammable liquids have flash points below 100oF, and
are more dangerous than combustible liquids, since they
may be ignited at room temperature
• Combustible liquids have flash points at or above 100oF
• Although combustible liquids have higher flash points
than flammable liquids, they can pose serious fire and/or
explosion hazards when heated
Sources of Ignition
1. Open flames
2. Smoking
3. Static electricity
4. Cutting and welding
5. Hot surfaces
6. Electrical and mechanical sparks
7. Lightning
Oxidizers
Chemical Categories: Oxidizers
Some examples of oxidizers:
• Store in a cool, dry place.

• Keep away from flammable and
combustible materials, such as
paper or wood.
• Keep away from reducing agents
such as zinc, alkaline metals,
formic acid.
Chemical Categories: Oxidizers
Examples of oxidizers:
Ammonium Dichromate
Nitrates
Ammonium Perchlorate
Periodic Acid
Ammonium Persulfate
Permanganic Acid
Benzoyl Peroxide
Pyrophoric Substances
Safety pointers for pyrophoric substances:
• Store in a cool place.
• Store in containers that omit air.
• Beware of low humidity circumstances in
which static electricity may be high.
Some examples of pyrophoric substances:
Boron
Cadmium
Calcium
Phosphorus (yellow)
Diborane
Dichloroborane
2-Furaldehyde
Light-Sensitive Chemicals
Composition can change

if exposed to light
Safety pointers for light-sensitive chemicals:
1.Avoid exposure to light.

2.Store in amber bottles in a cool, dry place.
Some examples of Light-Sensitive Chemicals
1. Bromine
2. Oleic Acid
3. Ethyl Ether
4. Potassium
5. Ferricyanide
6. Silver Salts
7. Hydrobromic Acid
8. Sodium Iodide
Carcinogens
Safe storage pointers for carcinogens:
• Label all containers as Cancer Suspect Agents.
• Store according to hazardous nature of
chemicals, e.g., flammable, corrosive.
• When necessary, store securely.
Some examples of carcinogens:
1. Benzene
2. Chloroform
3. Dimethyl sulfate
4. Dioxane
5. Vinyl chloride
6. Antimony compounds
7. Acrylonitrile
8. Arsenic compounds
Summary
1. ONLY USE THE CHEMICAL YOU NEEDS

2. READ CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN AND
MSDS
3. STORE CHEMICAL PROPERLY
4. USE ANY EQUIPMENT PROPERLY
INCLUDING PPE
5. JUST REMEMBER, SAFETY IS NOT ADD-
ON BUT AN INTEGRAL PART OF WORK
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Hazardous

B3 adalah bahan yang karena sifat dan atau

The skull and crossbones, a common symbol for

Tanda bahaya (Hazard symbols) adalah tanda

new ionizing radiation symbol

• The U.S.-based National Fire Protection

Following the UN Model, the DOT

• Class 2: Compressed Gases — Three subclasses.

• Class 4: Flammables — Three subclasses.

• Class 6: Toxic Materials — Three subclasses.

• Class 7: Radioactive Materials — Three subclasses.

• Class 9: Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods — materials

Biohazardous agents are classified for transportation by UN

Rule 2. Store chemicals in their original containers.

Rule 3. Always read MSDS wear appropriate safety gear

Keep corrosives away from organic Chemicals

• Store large bottles of acids on low shelf or in acid cabinets.

Examples of strong bases:

The two primary hazards

• Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a

Some examples of oxidizers:

• Store in a cool, dry place.

Composition can change

1.Avoid exposure to light.

1. ONLY USE THE CHEMICAL YOU NEEDS

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