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MCQ for ECSP

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 Mewar University, Gangrar, Chaittorgarh

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Multiple Choice Question Bank

Subject: ECSP

(3rd Semester Diploma ECE)

Unit-1
1. You have a 1 mF capacitor with Q’s worth of charge on it. A dielectric whose dielectric
constant is 5 is carefully slipped between the plate of the capacitor. Which statement is FALSE?

a) The new capacitance will equal 5C

b) The new charge on the plates is 5Q
c) The new voltage across the plates is a fifth what it was
d) The new electric field between the plates is a fifth what it was

2. Capacitance is :
a) measure in farads
b) The ratio of the magnitude of the charge on either conductor of a capacitor to the magnitude of
the potential difference between the conductors
c) constant for a parallel plate capacitor
d) all three choices

3. In a circuit, a capacitor has potential difference ΔV, charge Q, and capacitance C. The
potential difference is doubled. The capacitance:

a) Changes in ways impossible to predict with the given information

b) Doubles
c) Does not change
d) Is divided in half

4. To increase the capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor, you can:

a) increase the area of the plates
b) increase the distance between the plates
c) all of these choices.
d) none of these choices.

5. Given a set of capacitors C1+C2 +...+Cn, where n is greater than 1, will a greater equivalent
capacitance result by adding them in parallel or in series?
a) in series
b) in parallel
c) they will be the same
d) This cannot be determine without know the value of each capacitor and number of capacitors
in the system

6. Given n capacitors with charge Q and capacitance C, will you get the greatest energy stored:
a) in series
b) in parallel
c) They will be the same
d) This cannot be determine without knowing more about the situation
c, a
7. Select the option that best describes a dielectric?
a) A dielectric is a non-conducting material
b) A dielectric is the material when placed between the plates of a capacitor will increase the
electric field
c) A dielectric is something that when placedbetween the plates decreases the capacitance of the
capacitor.
d) All of these choices are true

8. Bakelite has a dielectric constant approximately twice that of silicone oil. The bakelite in a
capacitor with capacitance Cis replaced with silicone oil. What will the new capacitance be,
approximately?
a) 2C
b) C/2
c) C
d) Impossible to tell without know the exact capacitances involved

9. A capacitor has capacitance C, charge Q, and potential difference with nothing between the
plates. While still connected to a battery, a dielectric is inserted with a dielectric constant of 2.
How will each change?
a) Cnew=2C,Qnew=Q, ΔVnew= ΔV
b) Cnew=2C,Qnew=2Q, ΔVnew=2ΔV
c) Cnew=2C,Qnew=Q, ΔVnew=2ΔV
d) Cnew=2C,Qnew=2Q, ΔVnew=2ΔV

20. The wire is stretched to double its length, then its resistance R will become
A. r/2
B. 4r
C. 2r
D. r/4

21. The power drawn by the circuit whose input is 20KVA and p.f is 0.8 lagging
A. 12
B. 20
C. 16
D. 8
22. The combined resistance of two equal resistors connected in parallel is equal to
A. One half the resistance of one resistor
B. twice the resistance of one resistor
C. four times the resistance of one resistor
D. one fourth the resistance of one resistor

24. The Q-factor of a coil is given by

A. its power factor
B. Ratio of max. energy stored & energy dissipated per cycle.
C. reciprocal of its power factor
D. ratio R/Z

25. Cells are connected in parallel to

A. Increase the available voltage
B. Reduce the cost of wiring
C. Increase the available current
D. Reduce the time required to fully charge them after use

26. The color code of a resistor 2.7Kohm with the tolerance of 10% is
A. red, violet, red and silver
B. red, violet, yellow and gold
C. red, violet, orange, silver
D. red, violet, red,gold

27. For a carbon-composition resistor color coded with green, black, gold and silver stripes from
left to right, the resistance and tolerance are

(A) 50 ohm ± 10%

(B) 5 ohm ± 5%

(C) 5 ohm ± 10%

(D) 0.5 ohm ± 5%.

28. A resistor with the color coded value of 1000 ohms and ± 10% tolerance can have an actual
resistance between

(A) 990 ohm and 1010 ohm

(B) 900 ohm and 1100 ohm

(C) 1000 ohm and 1100 ohm

(D) 900 ohm and 1000 ohm.

29. For carbon resistors what is the color for 5?

(A) Green

(B) Black

(C) Orange

(D) Gray.

30. For carbon resistors, darker colour generally have values close to

(A) 1

(B) 5

(C) 8

(D) 9.

31. In a carbon resistor in case fourth stripe is not present, it can be concluded that

(A) the resistor is highly accurate

(B) the resistor is defective

(C) the resistor does not contain carbon

(D) the tolerance limit is ± 20 %.

32. The four stripes of a resistor are yellow-violet-orange-gold. The value of resistor should be

(A) 470 ohms ± 5 %

(B) 47 kilo ohm ± 5%

(C) 47 mega ohms ± 5%

(D) 4700 ohms ± 10%.

33. The tolerance for silver stripe is

(A) +5%
(B) + 10%

(C) ± 5%

(D) ± 10%.

35. Which of the following parallel resistances will have the highest value of equivalent
resistance?

(A) 10 kohm and 25 kohm

(B) 1 kohm, 2 kohm and 3 kohm

(C) Two 500 kohm resistors

(D) Four 40 kohm and two 10 kohm resistors.

36. In series as well as parallel circuits the equivalent (total) value of certain parameter is given
by X = X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + ... The parameter X could be

(A) resistance
(B) current

(C) voltage

(D) power.

37. The resistance of a 150-scale voltmeter is 12000 ohms. The power consumed by the
voltmeter when it is connected across a 125 volt circuit, will be nearly

(A) 0.0013 W

(B) 0.013 W

(C) 0.13 W

(D) 1.3 W.

38. Materials having electrical conductivity much less than most of the metals but much greater
than that of typical insulators, are known as

(A) thermistors
(B) varistors

(C) semi-conductors

(D) variable resistors.

39. Match the following :

Column 1 Column 2
Copper Resistors
Salt Solution Electrolytic Conductor
Germanium Good Conductor
Ferronickel alloys Semi-Conductors

(A) a-(i), b-(ii), c-(iii), d(iv)

(B) a-(ii), b(iii), c-(iv), d-(i)

(C) a-(iiii),b-(i), c-(ii), d-(i)

(D) a-(iii), b-(ii) c-(iv), d-(i).

40. A resistor has the value of 3 kohm and the current through it is measured to be 0.3 mA. The
conductance is

(A) 30000 mho

(B) 30 mho

(C) 0.33 milli mho

(D) 30 micro mho.

41. Resistance between X1 and X2 is

(A) 10 ohm
(B) greater than 10 ohm

(C) 0

(D) less than 10 ohm.

42. When checked with an ohm meter an open resistor reads

(A) zero

(B) high but within tolerance

(C) low but not zero

(D) infinite.

43. A current of 1 mA flows through a 1 Mohm, 2 W carbon resistor. The power dissipated as
heat in the resistor will be

(A) 2 W

(B) 1 W

(C) 0.5W

(D) 0.1W.

44. Which of the following carbon coded resistor has value of 10 kohm with 20% tolerance?

(A) Red, red, green and silver stripes

(B) Yellow, violet, yellow and silver stripes

(C) Orange, orange, black and gold stripes

(D) Brown, black, orange and no tolerance band.

45. A carbon resistor has to meet the following requirements IR drop: 5 V, Current: 100 mA,
Safety factor for power dissipation : 2. Which of the following resistors will be suitable ?

(A) 5 ohm, 10 W

(B) 0.5 ohm, 100 W

(C) 5 ohm, 10 W
(D) 50 ohm, 1 W.

46. A 10 ohm resistor with a 10 W power rating is expected to be a

(A) carbon resistor

(B) wire wound resistor

(C) either carbon or wire wound resistor

(D) neither carbon nor wire wound resistor.

47. Two 10 kohm, 5 W resistors in parallel have equivalent resistances of 5 kohm and power
rating of

(A) 2.5 W

(B) 5 W

(C) 10 W

(D) 25 W.

48. Which of the following is typical resistance and power dissipation value for a wire wound
resistor?

(A) 1Mohm, 1 / 3 W

(B) 50kohm, 1 / 2 W

(C) 500 ohm, 1 W

(D) 10 ohm, 50 W.

49. A 100 kohm resistor with a 1 W power rating is likely to be a

(A) carbon resistor

(B) wire wound resistor

(C) either carbon or wire wound resistor

(D) neither carbon nor wire wound resistor.

 50. Two 5 kohm, 5 W resistors in series have equivalent resistance of 10 kohm with power
rating of

(A) 2.5 W

(B) 5 W

(C)10W

(D) 25 W.

51. Which of the following are typical resistance and power-dissipation values for a carbon-
composition resistor ?

(A) 10,000 ohm, 10 W

(B) 1000,000 ohm, 1 W

(C) 5000 ohm, 100 W

(D) 10 ohm, 50 W.

52. A resistor is to be connected across a 45 V battery to provide 1 mA of current. The required

resistance with a suitable wattage rating is

(A) 45 ohm, 10 W

(B) 4.5 ohm, 2 W

(C) 450 kohm, 2 W

(D) 45 kohm, 1/4 W.

53. In the circuit shown below, heat produced in 5 ohm resistance is 10 cal/sec. Heat developed
in 4ohm is
(A) 1 cal/sec

(B) 2 cal/sec

(C) 3 cal/sec

(D) 4 cal/sec.

54. For a carbon-composition resistor color-coded with yellow, violet, orange and silver stripes
from left to right, the value of resistance and tolerance are

(A) 470 ohm ± 10%

(B) 47ohm ± 10%

(C) 740 ohm ± 50%

(D) 74 ohm ± 5%.

55. Which of the following best describes the workings of a dielectric inside a capacitor?

a. Either existing dipoles or induced dipoles align with the existing electric field. This induces an
electric field in the opposite direction, and creates an induced surface charge on each surface of
the dielectric next to the plates.

b. Either existing dipoles or induced dipoles align with the existing electric field. This results in
an induced surface charge on each surface, which amounts to an increased effective charge.
Since charge and capacitance are directly proportional, this leads to the increase in capacitance
observed when dielectrics are inserted

c. Even when existing dipoles are present, only induced dipoles align with the existing electric
field. This results in surface charge on each dielectric surface producing an electric field in the
opposite direction. This results in a decrease of the potential difference being required to place
the same amount of charge on the plates, which leads to a higher capacitance, as expected.

d. Even when dipoles are induced, only existing dipoles align with the existing electric field.
This results in surface charge on each dielectric surface producing an electric field in the
opposite direction. This results in a decrease of the potential difference being required to place
the same amount of charge on the plates, which leads to a higher capacitance, as expected.

56. Bakelite has a dielectric constant approximately twice that of silicone oil. The bakelite in a
capacitor with capacitance C is replaced with silicone oil. What will the new capacitance be,
approximately?
a. 2C
b. C/2.
c. C.
d. Impossible to tell without know the exact capacitances involved.

57. Unit of capacitance?

a) henry
b) farad
c) ohm
d) none

58. Capacitor ?
a. block ac; pass dc
b. block dc; pass ac
c. a & b
d. none

59. Capacitor stored

a. energy
b. distance
c. time
d. none

60. capacitor stored energy is

a. CV2/2
b. LI2/2
c. VI
d. none

Answers-Key Unit-1:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
 Unit-2

1. Unit of Inductance?

a) henry

b) farad

c) ohm

d) none

2. Inductor?

a. block ac; pass dc

b. block dc; pass ac

c. a & b

d. none

3. The electrical energy consumed by a coil is stored in the form of:

a) an electrical field

b) a force field

c) an electrostatic field

d) a magnetic field

4. What is magnetic flux?

a. the number of lines of force in webers

b. the number of lines of force in maxwells

c. the number of lines of force in teslas

d. the number of lines of force in flux density

5. As current travels within a conductor:

A. the magnetic field aids the current

B. a magnetic field is developed around it

C. the wire tries to point north

D. an electrostatic field opposes the current

6.

What is the total inductance in the given circuit?

A. 160 mH

B. 300 mH

C. 900 mH

D. 1700 mH

7. A henry value divided by a circuit resistive value provides the:

A. counter emf value

B. induced voltage amplitude

C. rise or decay time constant

D. quality factor of the coil

8. What does Faraday's law concern?

A. a magnetic field in a coil

B. a magnetic field cutting a conductor

C. a magnetic field hystersis

D. a magnetic field in a conductor

9. What is the number of turns required in the secondary winding for a transformer when 120
volts is applied to a 2400-turn primary to produce 7.5 Vac at the secondary?

A. 75 turns

B. 150 turns

C. 900 turns

D. 1920 turns

10. What is the inductive reactance if the Q of a coil is 60, and the winding resistance is 5 ohm?

A. 0.083 ohm

B. 12 ohm

C. 30 ohm

D. 300 ohm

11. The time difference, or lag, between flux density and magnetizing force is known as:

A. eddy current

B. magnetic saturation

C. hysteresis

D. coercivity

12. Inductance is:

A. directly proportional to the length of the coil

B. directly proportional to the number of turns on the coil

C. inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the coil

D. inversely proportional to the permeability

13. Current will cause a magnetic field in a conductor as follows:

A. An ac current causes a fixed polarity magnetic field.

B. A dc current causes a fixed polarity magnetic field.

C. A dc current causes an alternating magnetic field.

D. An ac current causes a fixed polarity magnetic field and a dc current causes an alternating
magnetic field.

14. What is the total inductance, assuming no mutual inductance?

A. 12 mH

B. 6 mH

C. 0.73 mH

D. 0 mH

15. What will happen when an inductor's magnetic field collapses?

A. Current will double.

B. Voltage will be induced.

C. A new field will expand.

D. Counter emf will be high.

16. A practical inductor

A. has inductance

B. has winding resistance

C. has winding capacitance

D. all of the above

17. The magnetising current of a transformer is usually small because it has
(a) small air gap
(b) large leakage flux
(c) laminated silicon steel core
(d) fewer rotating parts
Ans: a

18. Which of the following does not change in an ordinary transformer ?

(a) Frequency
(b) Voltage
(c) Current
(d) Any of the above
Ans: a

19. Which of the following properties is not necessarily desirable for the material for
transformer core ?
(a) Low hysteresis loss
(b) High permeability
(c) High thermal conductivity
(d) Adequate mechanical strength
Ans: c

20. The leakage flux in a transformer depends upon

(a) load current
(b) load current and voltage
(c) load current, voltage and frequency
(d) load current, voltage, frequency and power factor
Ans: a

21. The path of the magnetic flux in transformer should have

(a) high reluctance
(b) low reactance
(c) high resistance
(d) low resistance
Ans: b

22. Noise level test in a transformer is a

(a) special test
(b) routine test
(c) type test
(d) none of the above
Ans: c

23. Which of the foJIowing is not a routine test on transformers ?

(a) Core insulation voltage test
(b) Impedance test
(c) Radio interference test
(d) Polarity test
Ans: c

24. A transformer can have zero voltage regulation at

(a) leading power factor
(b) lagging power factor
(c) unity power factor
(d) zero power factor
Ans: a

25. Helical coils can be used on

(a) low voltage side of high kVA trans¬formers
(b) high frequency transformers
(c) high voltage side of small capacity transformers
(d) high voltage side of high kVA rating transformers
Ans: a

26. Harmonics in transformer result in

(a) increased core losses
(b) increased I2R losses
(c) magnetic interference with communication circuits
(d) all of the above
Ans: d

27. The core used in high frequency transformer is usually

(a) copper core
(b) cost iron core
(c) air core
(d) mild steel core
Ans: c

28. The full-load copper loss of a trans¬former is 1600 W. At half-load, the copper loss will be
(a) 6400 W
(b) 1600 W
(c) 800 W
(d) 400 W
Ans: d

29. The value of flux involved m the e.m.f. equation of a transformer is

(a) average value
(b) r.m.s. value
(c) maximum value
(d) instantaneous value
Ans: c

30. Silicon steel used in laminations mainly reduces

(a) hysteresis loss
(b) eddy current losses
(c) copper losses
(d) all of the above
Ans: a

31. Which winding of the transformer has less cross-sectional area ?

(a) Primary winding
(b) Secondary winding
(c) Low voltage winding
(d) High voltage winding
Ans: d

32. Power transformers are generally designed to have maximum efficiency around
(a) no-load
(b) half-load
(c) near full-load
(d) 10% overload
Ans: c

33. Which of the following is the main advantage of an auto-transformer over a two winding
transformer ?
(a) Hysteresis losses are reduced
(b) Saving in winding material
(c) Copper losses are negligible
(d) Eddy losses are totally eliminated
Ans: b

34. During short circuit test iron losses are negligible because
(a) the current on secondary side is negligible
(b) the voltage on secondary side does not vary
(c) the voltage applied on primary side is low
(d) full-load current is not supplied to the transformer
Ans: c

35. Two transformers are connected in parallel. These transformers do not have equal percentage
impedance. This is likely to result in
(a) short-circuiting of the secondaries
(b) power factor of one of the trans¬formers is leading while that of the other lagging
(c) transformers having higher copper losses will have negligible core losses
(d) loading of the transformers not in proportion to their kVA ratings
Ans: d

36. The changes in volume of transformer cooling oil due to variation of atmospheric
temperature during day and
night is taken care of by which part of transformer
(a) Conservator
(b) Breather
(c) Bushings
(d) Buchholz relay
Ans: a

37. An ideal transformer is one which has

(a) no losses and magnetic leakage
(b) interleaved primary and secondary windings
(c) a common core for its primary and secondary windings
(d) core of stainless steel and winding of pure copper metal
(e) none of the above
Ans: a

38. When a given transformer is run at its rated voltage but reduced frequency, its
(a) flux density remains unaffected
(b) iron losses are reduced
(c) core flux density is reduced
(d) core flux density is increased
Ans: d

39. In an actual transformer the iron loss remains practically constant from noload to fullload
because
(a) value of transformation ratio remains constant
(b) permeability of transformer core remains constant
(c) core flux remains practically constant
(d) primary voltage remains constant
(c) secondary voltage remains constant
Ans: c

40. An ideal transformer will have maximum efficiency at a load such that
(a) copper loss = iron loss
(b) copper loss < iron loss
(c) copper loss > iron loss
(d) none of the above
Ans: a

41. If the supply frequency to the transformer is increased,"the iron loss will
(a) not change
(b) decrease
(c) increase
(d) any of the above
Ans: c

42. Negative voltage regulation is indicative that the load is

(a) capacitive only
(b) inductive only
(c) inductive or resistive
(d) none of the above
Ans: a

43. Iron loss of a transformer can be measured by

(a) low power factor wattmeter
(b) unity power factor wattmeter
(c) frequency meter
(d) any type of wattmeter
Ans: a

44. When secondary of a current transformer is open-circuited its iron core will be
(a) hot because of heavy iron losses taking place in it due to high flux density
(b) hot because primary will carry heavy current
(c) cool as there is no secondary current
(d) none of above will happen
Ans: a

45. The transformer laminations are insulated from each other by

(a) mica strip
(6) thin coat of varnish
(c) paper
(d) any of the above
Ans: b

46. Which type of winding is used in 3phase shell-type transformer ?

(a) Circular type
(b) Sandwich type
(c) Cylindrical type
(d) Rectangular type
Ans: b
47. During open circuit test of a transformer
(a) primary is supplied rated voltage
(b) primary is supplied full-load current
(c) primary is supplied current at reduced voltage
(d) primary is supplied rated kVA
Ans: a

48. Open circuit test on transformers is conducted to determine

(a) hysteresis losses
(b) copper losses
(c) core losses
(d) eddy current losses
Ans: c

49. Short circuit test on transformers is conducted to determine

(a) hysteresis losses
(b) copper losses
(c) core losses
(d) eddy current losses
Ans: b

50. For the parallel operation of single phase transformers it is necessary that they should have
(a) same efficiency
(b) same polarity
(c) same kVA rating
(d) same number of turns on the secondary side.
Ans: b

51. The transformer oil should have _____ volatility and _____ viscosity.
(a) low,low
(b) high,high
(c) low,high
(d) high,low
Ans: a

52. SMD resistors available in form:

(a) chip
(b) components
(c) device
(d) none

53. Advantages of SMD:

(a) low cost
(b) thin pads
(c) a & b
(d) none

54. PCB thickness for SMD is

(a) 0.8 to 1.0 mm
(b) 1.3 to 1.5 mm
(c) 0.2 to 1.5 mm
(d) none

55. SMD is
(a) Active and passive components
(b) Active components
(c) passive components
(d) all of above
56. Disadvantages of SMD:
(a) Mandatory datasheet
(b) No identified Polarity
(c) Problem to identify the pin-outs
(d) all of the above

57. SMD needs:

(a) code
(b) password
(c) mobile
(d) none

58. Advantage of SMD:

(a) Miniaturization of components
(b) Increasing of reliability
(c) a & b
(d) none

59. Which of the following is not the standard voltage for power supply in India ?
(a) llkV
(b) 33kV
(c) 66 kV
(d) 122 kV
Ans: d

60. SMD stands:

(a) Surface Mounted Device
(b) Surface Mass Device
(c) Surface Motion Device
(d) none of the above
Answers-Key Unit-2:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
 Unit-3
1. PCB stands:
a. Printed circuit board
b. Process control board
c. Printed circuit branch
d. None of these

2. What is PCB?
a. PCB is electronics board created for mounting electronics components on a non conductive
board.
b. PCB is electronics board created for breaking electronics components on a non conductive
board.
c. a & b
d. none

3. PCB follows:
a. additive and subtractive method
b. additive method
c. subtractive method
d. all of above

4. Classification of PCB:
a. single sided PCB
b. double sided PCB
c. Flexible PCB
d. all of above

5. Single sided PCB is

a. Conductors on only one surface of dielectric base
b. Conductors on only two surface of dielectric base
c. Conductors on both side surface of dielectric base
d. none

6. Double sided PCB is

a. Conductors on both sides of dielectric base

b. Conductors on only one surface of dielectric base

c. Conductors on three side surface of dielectric base

d. none

7. In double sided PCBs, layers are connected by

a. plated through holes

b. soldering

c. desoldering

d. none

8. 4 layers PCB is

a. It is a sandwich of 2 double layered PCBs.

b. It is a sandwich of 3 double layered PCBs.

c. It is a sandwich of 4 double layered PCBs.

d. none

9. Sandwiching is done by:

a. placing oxidizing material between layered PCBs.

b. placing de-oxidizing material between layered PCBs.

c. placing ionizing material between layered PCBs.

d. none

10. Printed circuit board artwork generation was initially a fully manual process done on clear
…….at a scale of usually 2 or 4 times the desired size.

a. mylar sheets

b. coating sheets

c. pcb sheets

d. none of above

11. Chemical etching is usually done with………….

a. ammonium persulfate
b. ferric chloride

c. a & b

d. none of above

12. The simplest method, used for small-scale production is……………., in which the board is
submerged in etching solution such as ferric chloride.

a. immersion etching

b. chemical etching

c. bubble etching

d. none of above

13. In……………, air is passed through the etchant bath to agitate the solution and speed up
etching.

a. immersion etching

b. chemical etching

c. bubble etching

d. none of above

14. ……………..uses a motor-driven paddle to splash boards with etchant; the process has
become commercially obsolete since it is not as fast as spray etching.

a. Splash etching

b. chemical etching

c. bubble etching

d. none of above

15. In……………, the etchant solution is distributed over the boards by nozzles, and re-
circulated by pumps.

a. Splash etching

b. chemical etching
c. spray etching

d. none of above

16. The etchant removes ………..on all surfaces exposed by the resist.

a. copper

b. silver

c. Al

d. one of above

17. Where metallic plating is used as a resist, it can "…………" which can cause short-circuits
between adjacent traces when closely spaced.

a. overhang

b. underhang

c. a & b

d. none of above

18. Overhang can be removed by ……………the board after etching.

a. wire-brushing

b. wire cleaning

c. a & b

d. none of above

19. The inner layers are given a complete machine inspection before ………..because afterwards
mistakes cannot be corrected.

a. lamination

b. etching

c. coating

d. none of above
20. ………..printed circuit boards have trace layers inside the board.

a. Multi-layer

b. single layer

c. double layer

d. none of above

21. one way to make a 4-layer PCB is to use a two-sided copper-clad laminate, etch the circuitry
on both sides, then laminate to the top and bottom……………...

a. prepreg and copper foil

b. prepreg

c. copper foil

d. all of above

22. Lamination is done by placing the stack of materials in a press and applying ………for a
period of time.

a. pressure and heat

b. chemical

c. resist

d. none of above

23. Holes through a PCB are typically drilled with small-diameter drill bits made of solid coated
………………….

a. tungsten carbide

b. silver carbide

c. nitrogen carbide

d. none of above

24. Coated ……………. is recommended since many board materials are very abrasive and
drilling must be high RPM and high feed to be cost effective.
a. tungsten carbide

b. silver carbide

c. nitrogen carbide

d. none of above

25. The hole walls for boards with 2 or more layers can be made conductive and then
electroplated with copper to form……...

a. plated-through holes

b. drill holes

c. a & b

d. none of above

26. PCBs are plated with …………..over nickel as a resist for etching away the unneeded
underlying copper.

a. solder

b. tin

c. gold

d. all of above

27. Any exposed copper was coated with solder by………...

a. hot air solder levelling (HASL)

b. cold air solder leveling (CASL)

c. a & b

d. none of above

28. The HASL finish prevents ………..from the underlying copper, thereby guaranteeing a
solderable surface.

a. oxidation

b. Ionization
c. a & b

d. none of above

29. hot air solder was a…………., however new solder compounds are now used to achieve
compliance with the RoHS directive in the EU and US, which restricts the use of lead.

a. tin-lead alloy

b. Al

c. copper

d. none of above

30. lead-free compounds is……….., made up of 99.3% tin, 0.7% copper, 0.05% nickel, and a
nominal of 60ppm germanium.

a. SN100CL

b. SN100CC

c. LN100CL

d. all of above

31. …………..using tin-lead solders balls for connections losing their balls on bare copper traces
or using lead-free solder paste.

a. Ball Grid Array (BGA)

b. bubble Grid Array (BGA)

c. bounce Grid Array (BGA)

d. all of above

32. Areas that should not be soldered may be covered with solder resist (solder mask). One of the
most common solder resists used today is called ……………….

a. LPI (liquid photo-imageable).

b. LPI (large photoimageable).

c. LPI (linear photoimageable).

d. none of above

33. Solder resist also provides protection from……...

a. the environment

b. corrosion

c. noise

d. none of above

34. ……………………..was misnamed silk or silkscreen.

a. politer screen printing epoxy ink

b. Silk screen printing epoxy ink

c. polymer screen printing epoxy ink.

d. none of above

35. Liquid photo imaging is a ………..accurate method than screen printing.

a. more

b. less

c. equal

d. none of above

36. Ink jet can print variable data such as a text or bar code with a…………..

a. serial number

b. parallel number

c. machine number

d. none of above

37. PCBs intended for extreme environments often have a conformal coating, which is applied
by dipping or spraying after the components have been soldered. The coat prevents
…………..due to condensation.
a. corrosion and leakage currents or shorting

b. leakage currents

c. leakage currents

d. all of above

38. The chief disadvantage of ………. is that servicing of the board is rendered extremely
difficult.

a. conformal coatings

b. formal coatings

c. a & b

d. none of above

39. The first PCBs used………, mounting electronic components by leads inserted through holes
on one side of the board and soldered onto copper traces on the other side.

a. through-hole technology

b. coating technology

c. etching technology

d. none of above

40. Laminates are manufactured by curing under pressure and temperature layers of cloth or
paper with thermoset resin to form an integral final piece of ……………thickness.

a. uniform

b. non-uniform

c. plain

d. none of above

41. One ounce per square foot is ………….thickness.

a. 1.144 mils or 14 micrometres

b. 1.244 mils or 24 micrometres

c. 1.344 mils or 34 micrometres

d. none of above

42. Electrochemical migration (ECM) is the growth of conductive metal filaments on or in a

printed circuit board (PCB) under the influence of a…………..

a. DC voltage bias

b. AC voltage bias

c. DC & AC voltage bias

d. none of above

43. When boards fail the test, technicians may desolder and replace failed components, a task
known as………..

a. rework

b. rebuilt

c. recover

d. all of above

44. Copper thickness of PCBs can be specified as units of length (in micrometers or mils) but is
often specified as ……………… (in ounce per square foot) which is easier to measure.

a. weight of copper per area

b. length of copper per area

c. height of copper per area

d. none of above

45. The board with copper on it is called "…………".

a. nickel-clad laminate

b. copper-clad laminate

c. al-clad laminate

d. none of above
Answers-Key Unit-3:

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21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

41 42 43 44 45
 Unit-4
1. Which of the following does not change in a transformer?
(a) Current
(b) Voltage
(c) Frequency
(d) All of the above
Ans: c
2. In a transformer the energy is conveyed from primary to secondary
(a) through cooling coil
(b) through air
(c) by the flux
(d) none of the above
Ans: c
3. A transformer core is laminated to
(a) reduce hysteresis loss
(b) reduce eddy current losses
(c) reduce copper losses
(d) reduce all above losses
Ans: b

4. No-load on a transformer is carried out to determine

(a) copper loss
(b) magnetising current
(c) magnetising current and loss
(d) efficiency of the transformer
Ans: c

5. The dielectric strength of transformer oil is expected to be

(a) l kV
(b) 33 kV
(c) 100 kV
(d) 330 kV
Ans: b
6. Sumpner's test is conducted on trans-formers to determine
(a) temperature
(b) stray losses
(c) all-day efficiency
(d) none of the above
Ans: a
7. The efficiency of a transformer will be maximum when
(a) copper losses = hysteresis losses
(b) hysteresis losses = eddy current losses
(c) eddy current losses = copper losses
(d) copper losses = iron losses
Ans: d
8. No-load current in a transformer
(a) lags behind the voltage by about 75°
(b) leads the voltage by about 75°
(c) lags behind the voltage by about 15°
(d) leads the voltage by about 15°
Ans: a
9. The purpose of providing an iron core in a transformer is to
(a) provide support to windings
(b) reduce hysteresis loss
(c) decrease the reluctance of the magnetic path
(d) reduce eddy current losses
Ans: c
10. While conducting short-circuit test on a transformer the following side is short circuited
(a) High voltage side
(b) Low voltage side
(c) Primary side
(d) Secondary side
Ans: b

11. In the transformer following winding has got more cross-sectional area
(a) Low voltage winding
(b) High voltage winding
(c) Primary winding
(d) Secondary winding
Ans: a

12. A transformer transforms

(a) voltage
(b) current
(c) power
(d) frequency
Ans: c

13. A transformer cannot raise or lower the voltage of a D.C. supply because
(a) there is no need to change the D.C. voltage
(b) a D.C. circuit has more losses
(c) Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction are not valid since the rate of change of flux is
zero
(d) none of the above
Ans: c

14. Primary winding of a transformer

(a) is always a low voltage winding
(b) is always a high voltage winding
(c) could either be a low voltage or high voltage winding
(d) none of the above
Ans: c
15. Which winding in a transformer has more number of turns ?
(a) Low voltage winding
(b) High voltage winding
(c) Primary winding
(d) Secondary winding
Ans: b

16. Efficiency of a power transformer is of the order of

(a) 100 per cent
(b) 98 per cent
(c) 50 per cent
(d) 25 per cent
Ans: b

17. In a given transformer for given applied voltage, losses which remain constant irrespective
of load changes are
(a) friction and windage losses
(b) copper losses
(c) hysteresis and eddy current losses
(d) none of the above
Ans: c

18. A common method of cooling a power transformer is

(a) natural air cooling
(b) air blast cooling
(c) oil cooling
(d) any of the above
Ans: c

19. In a transformer routine efficiency depends upon

(a) supply frequency
(b) load current
(c) power factor of load
(d) both (b) and (c)
Ans: d

20. In the transformer the function of a conservator is to

(a) provide fresh air for cooling the transformer
(b) supply cooling oil to transformer in time of need
(c) protect the transformer from damage when oil expends due to heating
(d) none of the above
Ans: c

21. Natural oil cooling is used for transformers upto a rating of

(a) 3000 kVA
(b) 1000 kVA
(c) 500 kVA
(d) 250 kVA
Ans: a
22. Power transformers are designed to have maximum efficiency at
(a) nearly full load
(b) 70% full load
(c) 50% full load
(d) no load
Ans: a

23. The maximum efficiency of a distribution transformer is

(a) at no load
(b) at 50% full load
(c) at 80% full load
(d) at full load
Ans: b
24. No-load current of a transformer has
(a) has high magnitude and low power factor
(b) has high magnitude and high power factor
(c) has small magnitude and high power factor
(d) has small magnitude and low power factor
Ans: d

25. Greater the secondary leakage flux

(a) less will be the secondary induced e.m.f.
(b) less will be the primary induced e.m.f.
(c) less will be the primary terminal voltage
(d) none of the above
Ans: a

26. The purpose of providing iron core in a step-up transformer is

(a) to provide coupling between primary and secondary
(b) to increase the magnitude of mutual flux
(c) to decrease the magnitude of mag-netizing current
(d) to provide all above features
Ans: c

27. The power transformer is a constant

(a) voltage device
(b) current device
(c) power device
(d) main flux device
Ans: d

28. Two transformers operating in parallel will share the load depending upon their
(a) leakage reactance
(b) per unit impedance
(c) efficiencies
(d) ratings
Ans: b

29. What will happen if the transformers working in parallel are not connected with regard to
polarity ?
(a) The power factor of the two trans-formers will be different from the power factor of
common load
(b) Incorrect polarity will result in dead short circuit
(c) The transformers will not share load in proportion to their kVA ratings
(d) none of the above
Ans: b

30. If the percentage impedances of the two transformers working in parallel are different, then
(a) transformers will be overheated
(b) power factors of both the trans-formers will be same
(c) parallel operation will be not possible
(d) parallel operation will still be possible, but the power factors at which the two transformers
operate will be different from the power factor of the common load
Ans: d

31. In a transformer the tappings are generally provided on

(a) primary side
(b) secondary side
(c) low voltage side
(d) high voltage side
Ans: c

32. The use of higher flux density in the transformer design

(a) reduces weight per kVA
(b) reduces iron losses
(c) reduces copper losses
(d) increases part load efficiency
Ans: a

33. The chemical used in breather for transformer should have the quality of
(a) ionizing air
(b) absorbing moisture
(c) cleansing the transformer oil
(d) cooling the transformer oil.
Ans: b

34. The chemical used in breather is

(a) asbestos fibre
(b) silica sand
(c) sodium chloride
(d) silica gel
Ans: d

35. An ideal transformer has infinite values of primary and secondary inductances. The
statement is
(a) true
(b) false
Ans: b

36. The transformer ratings are usually expressed in terms of

(a) volts
(b) amperes
(c) kW
(d) kVA
Ans: d
37. The noise resulting from vibrations of laminations set by magnetic forces, is termed as
(a) magnetostrication
(b) boo
(c) hum
(d) zoom
Ans: c

38. Hysteresis loss in a transformer varies as CBmax = maximum flux density)

(a) Bmax
(b) Bmax1-6
(C) Bmax1-83
(d) B max
Ans: b

39. Material used for construction of transformer core is usually

(a) wood
(b) copper
(c) aluminium
(d) silicon steel
Ans: d

40. The thickness of laminations used in a transformer is usually

(a) 0.4 mm to 0.5 mm
(b) 4 mm to 5 mm
(c) 14 mm to 15 mm
(d) 25 mm to 40 mm
Ans: a

41. The function of conservator in a transformer is

(a) to project against'internal fault
(b) to reduce copper as well as core losses
(c) to cool the transformer oil
(d) to take care of the expansion and contraction of transformer oil due to variation of
temperature of sur-roundings
Ans: d
42. The highest voltage for transmitting electrical power in India is
(a) 33 kV.
(6) 66 kV
(c) 132 kV
(d) 400 kV
Ans: d
43. In a transformer the resistance between its primary and secondary is
(a) zero
(b) 1 ohm
(c) 1000 ohms
(d) infinite
Ans: d

44. A transformer oil must be free from

(a) sludge
(b) odour
(c) gases
(d) moisture
Ans: d

45. Gas is usually not liberated due to dissociation of transformer oil unless the oil temperature
exceeds
(a) 50°C
(b) 80°C
(c) 100°C
(d) 150°C
Ans: d
46. The main reason for generation of harmonics in a transformer could be
(a) fluctuating load
(b) poor insulation
(c) mechanical vibrations
(d) saturation of core
Ans: d

47. Distribution transformers are generally designed for maximum efficiency around
(a) 90% load
(b) zero load
(c) 25% load
(d) 50% load
Ans: d

48. Which of the following property is not necessarily desirable in the material for transformer
core ?
(a) Mechanical strength
(6) Low hysteresis loss
(c) High thermal conductivity
(d) High permeability
Ans: c

49. Star/star transformers work satisfactorily when

(a) load is unbalanced only
(b) load is balanced only
(c) on balanced as well as unbalanced loads
(d) none of the above
Ans: b

50. Delta/star transformer works satisfactorily when

(a) Load is balanced only
(b) Load is unbalanced only
(c) On balanced as well as unbalanced loads
(d) None of the above
Ans: c

51. Which of the following statements regarding an idel single-phase transformer having a turn
ratio of 1 : 2 and drawing a current of 10 A from 200 V A.C. supply is incorrect ?
(a) Its secondary current is 5 A
(b) Its secondary voltage is 400 V
(c) Its rating is 2 kVA
(d) Its secondary current is 20 A
(e) It is a step-up transformer
Ans: d

52. The secondary of a current transformer is always short-circuited under operating conditions
because it
(a) avoids core saturation and high voltage induction
(b) is safe to human beings
(c) protects the primary circuit
(d) none of the above
Ans: a

53. In a transformer the resistance between its primary and secondary should be
(a) zero
(b) 10 Q
(c) 1000 Q
(d) infinity
Ans: d

54. A good voltage regulation of a transformer means

(a) output voltage fluctuation from no load to full load is least
(b) output voltage fluctuation with power factor is least
(c) difference between primary and secondary voltage is least
(d) difference between primary and secondary voltage is maximum
Ans: a

55. The efficiency of two identical transformers under load conditions can be determined by
(a) short-circuit test
(b) back-to-back test
(c) open circuit test
(d) any of the above
Ans: b

56. Which of the following parts of a transformer is visible from outside ?

(a) Bushings
(b) Core
(c) Primary winding
(d) Secondary winding
Ans: a

57. If a transformer is continuously operated the maximum temperature rise will occur in
(a) core
(b) windings
(c) tank
(d) any of the above
Ans: b

58. The maximum load that a power transformer can carry is limited by its
(a) temperature rise
(b) dielectric strength of oil
(c) voltage ratio
 (d) copper loss
Ans: c

59. An open-circuit test on a transformer is conducted primarily to measure

(a) insulation resistance
(b) copper loss
(c) core loss
(d) total loss
(e) efficiency
(f) none of the above
Ans: c

60. The voltage transformation ratio of a transformer is equal to the ratio of

(a) Primary turns to secondary turns
(b) Secondary current to primary current
(c) Secondary induced e.m.f. to primary induced e.m.f.
(d) Secondary terminal voltage to primary applied voltage

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