SACRAMENTS

A sacrament is a rite or ceremony instituted by Jesus, and observed by the church as a means of or visible sign of
grace. The English word sacrament is from the Latin sacramentum, which means to make holy, or to consecrate. The
outward signs of Christ’s actions on our soul.
The sacraments are efficacious signs of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine
life is dispend to us. -CCC no. 1131
Three Elements of Sacraments

1. Minister
2. Matter
3. Form

The Catholic Sacraments

The traditional definition of a sacrament is this: "A sacrament is a visible sign, instituted by Christ, to give grace." Within
this definition there are three important statements:
 A visible sign
An action is performed by a minister (usually a priest).
 Instituted by Christ
The Lord Jesus Christ instructed His church to offer the seven
sacraments to His followers. Matthew's Gospel 28:19
 To give grace (sanctifying, sacramental grace)
Grace is God's free gift of Himself as the controlling influence in
our life and the decisions we make once we have committed ourselves
to Him in faith.

The Three Purposes of the Sacraments

1. To make us holy; (move from secular into the experience of sacred transcendence).
2. To build the body of Christ (Catholic Community)
3. To give praise and worship to God (build and maintain Catholic Culture).

The Seven Sacraments according to the Kinds of Sacraments

A. Sacraments of Initiation B. Sacraments of Healing C. Sacraments of Vocation
1. Baptism 1. Penance/Reconciliation 1. Matrimony
2. Eucharist 2. Anointing of the Sick 2. Holy Order
3. Confirmation
The Seven Sacraments according to the Types of Sacraments
A. The Sacraments of the Dead – chief purpose is B. The Sacraments of the Living – chief purpose is
to give the life of grace to souls dead through to give more grace to souls already alive
sin. through grace.
1. Baptism 1. Confirmation
2. Penance 2. Holy Eucharist
3. Anointing of the Sick
4. Holy Orders
5. Matrimony
Sacrilege – mortal sin he who knowingly receives a sacrament of the living in mortal sin. Means that one of God’s
sacraments or some holy person or thing is not treated with due reverence.

Baptism, Confirmation & Holy Orders can be received only one because they imprint on the soul a spiritual mark which
last forever. This mark is like a stamp on our soul that can never be taken away. It stamps us as belonging to Christ
forever, and each stamp gives us a greater share in the priestly powers of Christ.
I. BAPTISM – gives our souls the new life of grace by which we become children of God.

Readings from the Bible: Matthew 3:13-17, Acts 10:37–38, John 10: 7-10, John 3:1-8, Ephesians 4:1-6.
 Start of Christian Life - marks the entry of the believer into the Christian community. The door to the sheepfold
 Union to Christianity - giving access to the full sacramental life of the Church.
 Guide of the Holy Spirit - it leaves us permanently changed, no longer the person we once were, but a new
person, dying to death and sin, and rising to new life in Christ. The birth to a new life.
 In the words of St. Paul, "We were buried with Him through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was
raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so too may we live a new life." (Romans 6:4). Frees us from
the devil
 Parents and godparents are asked to participate in a short preparation program.
 Rite consists of pouring water over the head while saying the Trinitarian formula.
A. Infant Baptism

1. Water Baptism - Washing away our original sin (Kasalanang Mana)

2. Anointing of the Oil (Chrisma)
Symbolizes Three Roles of Christ:
a. Priest (Pari) b. King (Hari) c. Prophet (Propeta)
3. Lighting of the Candle (Paschal Candle)
The newly baptized then receives a white garment and a candle lit from the paschal candle. Like Christ, who is
the light of the world, the newly baptized Christian carries the light of Christ out into the world.
B. RCIA - Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults

1. Evangelization 3. Purification and Enlightenment

2. Catechumenate 4. Mystogogia

Baptism takes away original sin, and also actual sins, if there be any, and all the punishment due to them.
Baptism washes away all sins, if a person were to die right after Baptism, he would go straight to heaven. But he could
not increase his love of God the way he could if he remained on earth longer.
The priest is the usual minister of Baptism, but if there is danger that someone will die without Baptism, anyone else
baptized may and should baptize.
I would give baptism by pouring ordinary water on the forehead of the person to be baptized, saying the Trinitarian
formula while pouring it.
Mga Ginagamit sa Pagdiriwang:
1. Liturgical Vessels & Linens used 4. Paschal Candle
5. Baptismal Font
a. Pitcher & Basin
6. Book of the Collection of Rites (Collectio
b. Dry cloth/cotton
Rituum)
2. Holy Oil 7. Lectern/Ambo
b. Holy Chrism
8. Credence Table
3. Unblessed Clean Water & Holy Water
II. CONFIRMATION – which Holy Spirit comes to us in a special way and enables us to profess our faith (believe in
it and to live by it) as strong and perfect Christian and soldiers of Jesus Christ.

Readings from the Bible: Acts 8:14–17, 9:17, 19:6, Hebrews 6:2, Acts 2:1-4 (Pentecost), Acts 2: 42-47, Matthew 10: 16-20.
 Before Jesus was put to death, He promised His followers that He would send His Spirit to comfort and strengthen
them. The Holy Spirit came upon the Apostles.
 True to His promise, the Holy Spirit was poured out on them on Pentecost, forty days after His resurrection from the
dead. Confirmation makes us strong.
 The Sacrament of Confirmation is our own Pentecost. When we receive this sacred seal we show that we belong to
God.
 By their anointing, the prophets, kings and priests of the Old Testament were elevated to a special position in their
service of God. So it is with us when we receive the holy oil on our foreheads; we become part of the priesthood of
all believers, witnesses to Christ and heirs to His throne.
7 Gifts of the Holy Spirit

1. Wisdom 4. Fortitude 7. Fear of the Lord

2. Understanding 5. Knowledge
3. Counsel 6. Piety

12 Fruits of the Holy Spirit

1. Charity 5. Kindness 9. Faith
2. Joy 6. Goodness 10. Modesty
3. Peace 7. Forbearance 11. Abstinence
4. Patience 8. Meekness 12. Chastity
The bishop is the usual minister of Confirmation, but in case of necessity, a priest may be given the power to confirm by
his bishop.
All Catholics should be confirmed in order to be strengthened against the dangers to salvation and to be prepared better
to defend their Catholic faith, but it is necessary to enter heaven, but necessary to make us strong in our Faith and ever
ready to defend and spread it.
Mga Ginagamit sa Pagdiriwang:
1. Paschal Candle
2. Holy Oil
a. Holy Chrism Oil
III. HOLY EUCHARIST – a sacrament and a sacrifice, under the appearances of bread and wine, the Lord Christ is
contained, offered and received.
Readings from the Bible: Genesis 14:18, Hebrews 7:17, Leviticus 24:1-8, Leviticus 24:1-8, Matthew 26:26-28, John 6:48-
47, Exodus 16, 1 Kings 19:1-8, Mark 14:22-25, 1 Corinthians 11:23-28.
 The second major part of the Liturgy of the Holy Mass. Jesus promised us his Body and Blood.
 The Eucharist is the sacrament in which we receive the Body and Blood of Christ. A sign of Christ with us.
 The Church teaches that Christ is really present in the bread and wine that have been consecrated by the priest at
Mass. The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ.
 Although the bread and wine still look and taste like bread and wine, the substance, what is actually there, has
changed. A sign of food and drink.
Christ gave His priests the power to change bread and wine into His Body & Blood when he said to the Apostles at the
Last Supper: “Do this in memory of Me.”
Transubstantiation - the changing of substance by which the bread and the wine offered in the sacrifice of the sacrament
of the Eucharist during the Mass, become, in reality, the body and blood of Jesus the Christ.
A. Passover Meal – Old Testament (Old Law)
 The roots of the Eucharist are in the Jewish Passover meal – animal or bread sacrifices.
 This is the meal which commemorates Israel's delivery from oppression and slavery in Egypt.
B. Last Supper – New Testament (New Law)
 As Jesus celebrated the Passover at his last supper with the apostles, He blessed, broke and shared with them bread
and wine, declaring that it was His body and blood.
 He promised that He would truly be with them when they did likewise and shared bread and wine together in
memory of Him.
 Christ instituted the Holy Eucharist at the Last Supper, the night before He died.
Both sacrificial and meal – (The Sacrifice of the Mass) Luke 22:14-15, 19-20
 The Mass is the new Passover, with Jesus offering His own body and blood so that we, His present-day followers,
might go free. A Sacrifice is a gift to God.
 For this reason, as well as being a sacred meal, the Eucharist is also a link with Jesus' death.
 When we participate in the Mass together with our fellow believers and receive Him in the Eucharist we take
part in the Passover meal which He celebrates now, shedding His blood so that we may be saved.
  Body & Blood together with Soul, Divinity of Jesus Christ truly, really, substantially contained. - Catechism of the
Catholic Church 1374
 The Mass is a sacrifice  The Mass is a reminder  The Mass is a ceremony
The Mass is the same sacrifice as the sacrifice of the cross.
 The Priest is the same, Jesus Christ. He was visible on the Cross and is invisible at Mass.
 The Gift is the same, Jesus Christ. He was visible on the Cross and is hidden at Mass under the appearances of
bread and wine.
 The Action is the same, the act of love in the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
The Mass is a sign of our love united with the love of Christ in giving ourselves to the Father. It is the same as the Cross –
Christ’s act of love. It is the same as the resurrection – the Father’s acceptance.
Holy Communion – the receiving of Jesus Christ in the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist.
Revelation 19:9, Matthew 22:1-14, Luke 14:15-24, 1 Corinthian 10:16-17.
 The Jews sacrifices the Paschal Lamb
 Jesus is the Lamb of God
 The Lamb of God is our heavenly Banquet
 This food makes us strong in love
To receive Holy Communion worthily it is necessary to be free from mortal sin, to have a right intention, and to obey the
Church’s laws on fasting before Holy Communion. But is a Catholic is in danger of death or is trying to protect the Blessed
Sacrament from insult, no fast is required before receiving the Holy Eucharist.
Before Holy Communion we must fast by not taking any food or drink for one hour, except water, which may be taken at
any time.
We should prepare ourselves for Holy Communion by thinking of Our Divine Redeemer, whom we are about to receive,
and by making fervent acts of faith, hope, love, and contrition. It is a good practice to say fervently the prayers before
communion contained in your prayer book or missal.
After Holy Communion, we should spend some time adoring Our Lord, thanking Him, renewing our promises with love
and of obedience to Him, and asking Him for blessings for ourselves and other. This is the best time of all for prayer. Our
Lord is Sacramentally present within us a short time after communion. Talk to Him then and listen.
Mga Ginagamit sa Pagdiriwang ng Banal na Misa (Eucharistiya)
1. Liturgical Vessels and Linens used:
a. Chalice b. Paten
c. Pall f. Pitcher and Basin i. Ceborium
d. Purificator g. Fingertowel
e. Corporal h. Cruets
2. Altar Table 9. Sambuhay Missalette (Sunday/Feast/Solemnity)
3. Candle 10. Book of the Prayers of the Faithful
4. Crucifix 11. Sacred Bell
5. Roman Missal 12. Incense and Incense Boat
6. Lectionary 13. Seryales
7. Lectern/Ambo (If there is an Entrance Procession)
8. Gospel Book (Sunday/Feast/Solemnity) 14. Holy Water
(Blessing of the Faithful/Dead)
IV. PENANCE/ RECONCILIATION – which sins committed after Baptism are forgiven.

Biblical References:
James 5:16, Leviticus 19:20-22, Matthew 3:16 (and Mk 1:5), Matthew 9:6-8, John 20:21-23, Luke 15: 1-7, Luke 15:8-10,
Matthew 9:1-8, John 5:1-14.
Three Acts required of the Penitent

1. Contrition (remorse), 2. Confession, 3. Satisfaction (celebration)

To receive the sacrament of Penance worthily we must:

1. Examine our conscience – a sincere effort to call to mind all the sins we have committed since our last confession.
2. Be sorry for our sins.
3. Make up our mind not to sin again.
4. Confess our sins to the priest.
5. Be willing to do the penance the priest gives us.
 Full and Perfect remission of sins Full and Perfect remission of sins

 Many of us regret things we have done or fail to do, words we have said or thoughts we have harbored, things
we are too embarrassed or ashamed to admit.
 Sometimes these hidden secrets take on much more importance than they deserve, simply because we keep
them bottled up and are unable to speak about them.
 The Sacrament of Reconciliation gives us the opportunity to express our sorrow for things we have done wrong,
to heal broken relationships, to forgive ourselves and others, and to open up the channels of communication
between ourselves and God.
 Confession is above all a place of healing, not a place of judgment or punishment. (restoration)
 When we make our confession to a priest in the confidentiality of the confessional or reconciliation room, we
experience healing and liberation, discovering again and again how much we are loved by God, how precious we
are to Him, and how great is our dignity as His children.
 What the penitent makes known to the priest remains "sealed" because the confidentiality of confession is
absolute.
 This is an experience of mercy and reconciliation, where we can lay down the burdens of guilt and shame that
we carry with us.
 No matter what we think of ourselves or of God, we can still be certain that God forgives us, loves us and wants
only to heal us.
Contrition (Pagsisisi) – is sincere sorrow for having offended God and hatred for the sins we have committed, with a firm
purpose of sinning no more. - Luke 15:11-19 (The Prodigal Son)
A. Perfect Contrition – If we are sorry for our sins because we love God, comes from deep love.
B. Imperfect Contrition – If we are sorry for our sins because we are afraid of what God has said will happen to
sinners. At least we believe what God has said and God is pleases at that. But He is more pleased when we love
Him, comes from love of God mixed with some selfishness.
If we commit a mortal sin, we should make an act of perfect contrition at once and go to confession as soon as we can.
Confession – telling our sins to a priest to obtain forgiveness. Luke 15:20-24, Luke 18:9-14, Luke 7:36-40, 44-48.
V. ANOINTING OF THE SICK – which gives health and strength to the soul and sometimes to the body when we
are in at least probable danger of death.

Biblical References: Exodus 30:22-5, James 5:14-15, Luke 22:43.

"Is any man sick among you? Let him bring in the priests of the church and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil
in the name of the Lord. And the prayer of faith shall save the sick man. And the Lord shall raise him up: and if he be in
sins, they shall be forgiven him."
 Part of Jesus' ministry was to heal the sick, and He went about curing those who were ill or disabled, showing
that suffering and death have no place in the Kingdom of God.
 By His sacrifice of Himself, He took hold of suffering and death and eliminated their power to separate us from
each other or from God.
 Our faith tells us that, indeed, God suffers with us.
 Through Jesus' suffering and death, God joins His suffering to the suffering of human beings. And by doing this,
He transforms and gives it a new meaning.
 Through the Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick we are assured that God will raise us up, like Jesus, from our
bed of pain and sickness and lead us to eternal life.
Extreme Unction (Last Rites)
 The anointing given to those who are gravely bodily ill
 Those in danger of death from bodily illness or from violence already done to the body
 One who has been shot and lies gravely wounded or, especially, dying, is).
The conditions for receiving Unction are that one must:
1. have reached the age of reason (usually considered to be around the age of 7)
2. be in a state of grace (Penance is part of the Rite)
 3. be sorrowful for past sins, trust in God and resign himself to His will, whether His positive will is to heal the sick
person or His passive will is the person's death
4. The effects of the Sacrament are the strengthening and comfort of the soul of the anointed one, the remission of
sins and some of their temporal punishments, and the possible restoration of bodily health.
 The Rite in which the Sacrament is offered includes the Sacraments of Penance and the Eucharist (in that order),
followed by the Sacrament of Unction itself.
 If the sick one is unconscious, conditional absolution and Unction are offered, without the Eucharist (known at
this time as "Viaticum," meaning "Food for the Journey").
Mga Ginagamit sa Pagdiriwang:
2. Holy Oil
a. The Oil of the Sick

VI. MATRIMONY

Biblical References: John 2:1-11, Ephesians 5:25-32, 1 Peter 3:1-7.

A sign and symbol of this love.
 Marriage is a sacrament of the self-giving love which two people offer to each other.
 The love which a couple have for each other mirrors the love God has for men and women.
 The minister of the Sacrament of Marriage is the couple themselves. The priest serves as a witness.
 Covenant (Tipan)  Vocation to Family
 Groom and Bride to be Husband and Wife  Insoluble Union of Marriage
 Procreation  Chastity and Fidelity
Inserted within the celebration of the Holy Mass.
VII. HOLY ORDERS

Biblical References: Matthew 9: 35-38, Hebrew 14:5-10

Vow of Celibacy - Matthew 19:9-12, 1 Corinthians 7
 The essential rite is the laying on of the hands and consecratory prayer.
 Vocation to the Church
Hierarchy of the Clergy

1. Deacon - Deaconate 2. Priest - Presbyterate 3. Bishop – Episcopate

 As people of God, we all share in the priesthood  The priest celebrates Mass and administers the
of Christ, and so the Church speaks meaningfully Sacraments, taking an active role in offering
of "the priesthood of all believers." Christ's gift of Himself.
 Each of us is to exercise our priesthood by  From earliest times, deacons have had a special
strengthening and serving one another. Within place in the pastoral work of the Church,
the Church there are many means of service. preaching, ministering at baptisms and
 One way of service stands out as a sacrament, weddings, and caring for the poor and hungry on
namely Holy Orders, which ordains the recipient behalf of the whole Church.
to the office of bishop, priest or deacon.  Nowadays, married men are more and more
frequently ordained to the diaconate, where they
 The priest's special calling is first and foremost to have a strong role in assisting priests and bishops
preach the Good News of God's love and and serving the people.
humanity.  Finally, bishops are chosen and ordained to
 In offering himself as a candidate for the supervise and lead priests and deacons, to unify,
priesthood, he must give evidence of wisdom bless and teach the people and act as a sign of
and spiritual maturity, as he is called to lead the Christ in the local church and community.
Christian community with patience and kindness.  The rites are inserted within the celebration of
the Holy Mass.
Sacramentals are holy things or actions of which the Church makes use to obtain for us from God spiritual & temporal
favors. The sacramental are: holy water, blessed candles, ashes, palms, crucifixes, medals, rosaries, scapulars, and images
of Our Lord, the Blessed Virgin, and the saints.

Sacramental Awareness
"Let's find God in all things."

The Seven Sacraments parallel to Human

Development by St. Thomas Aquinas
1. Baptism 1. Born
2. Eucharist 2. Fed
3. Confirmation 3. Grow
4. Penance 4. Recover
5. Anointing of the Sick 5. Healed
6. Matrimony 6. Family
7. Holy Orders 7. Leadership
Since Christ himself said, ‘”This is my body”, who shall dare to doubt that it is His body?
-Saint Cyril of Jerusalem