Save The Children
Save The Children
Save The Children
young refugees
Setting up mentoring schemes for young refugees in the UK
what is this
guide about?
introduction
This guide is an introduction to Young refugees in the UK
mentoring and befriending schemes for Young refugees arrive in the UK accompanied by family or another carer, or else
young refugees.1 Mentoring is commonly entirely alone.The total number of young refugees under 18 living in the UK is not
seen as a way of supporting young known. It is estimated that there are 82,000 refugee children in schools.2 There are
people to meet their education, training an estimated 6,750 unaccompanied children.3
and employment aspirations. Befriending
tends to concentrate more on supporting Many young refugees have experienced conflict and suffered trauma.They have fled
countries where major conflicts have taken place or where serious human rights
a young person emotionally, having
abuses occur, including Angola, Ethiopia, Somalia, Afghanistan and Iraq.Young refugees
someone to talk to and have fun with. experience new difficulties on arrival in the UK, which may include the following
There is, however, much overlap between inter-related problems:
the two models and in this guide the
terms ‘mentoring’ and ‘mentor’ are also • living in poverty and having little or no money for social activities
used to describe ‘befriending’ schemes
and the role of the ‘befriender.’
• poor housing – often living in run down B&B and hostel accommodation
• key contacts and further reading. • taking on adult responsibilities, such as translating for parents in their
contact with authorities.
This guide is for professionals who are
planning to, or are already undertaking,
work with young refugees, including:
• youth workers Mentoring schemes and young refugees
“It’s about helping young people live independently and access services” 4 [Youth Worker]
• social services staff
Mentoring has become an increasingly popular form of intervention with young
• mental health workers
people5 to ease the sometimes difficult transition from adolescence to adulthood.
• teachers and other professionals However, despite the many challenges facing young refugees, there is very little one-
working at schools and colleges to-one support and guidance available to them.6
• personal advisers at Connexions
The Department of Health recognises the importance of one-to-one support for
• youth offending officers unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and states: “given the nature of the situation
• voluntary agency staff, including unaccompanied children find themselves in… the appointment of an independent visitor
refugee agencies contracted to NASS. will be considered advisable”.7 Although this is advised in the Children Act (1989),
very few social services departments across the UK offer this type of support to
unaccompanied children.8 For children and young people in families there is no
such specific recognition or guidance from the Government.
how can mentoring help?
Having a mentor can help young refugees deal with Benefits for mentors
some of the difficulties they face. Specifically, it can
have the following benefits: • satisfaction of helping a young person
• receiving individual attention and having • increasing knowledge and understanding of
someone to talk to and share problems with issues facing young refugees and broadening
can help build a young person’s confidence and cultural understanding
reduce their loneliness and isolation • personal development through supporting a
young person
• having fun, for example, going to the cinema,
swimming, playing football or going on day trips, • acquiring new skills, for example, communication
can be a great release from the worries and skills.
responsibilities that many young refugees face
Hanna, aged 16, who had recently arrived in the UK, was very depressed, hardly
ever left the house and was not interested in joining a group run specifically
for young female refugees. In May 2002, Hanna was paired with a mentor. Her
situation improved rapidly after this. Hanna started going to college, and found
a circle of friends.
In September 2002, Hanna decided that she no longer needed the support of
a mentor.The mentor has now been matched with someone else.
10-step g
It can take six months or more to get a project 2 Recruit project worker
up and running, from project planning stage to
matching mentors with young people.Given the A scheme aiming to recruit 12 or more mentors will need a
time needed to set it up, the project should aim full-time worker responsible for the day-to-day running of
to run for at least two years. the project. In order to work effectively with both mentors
and mentees the project worker will need to have a good
understanding of the issues facing young refugees, as well as
l Project planning interpersonal, listening and negotiation skills, and experience
of training and facilitating meetings.The project worker will
Decide the aims of the group.What does the organisation be responsible for the majority of activities identified in
seek to gain by using mentors and how will it help mentees? steps 3 to 10.
Who is it targeting? All young refugees? Or a particular
group of young refugees, such as young people without
families, younger or older children, or young people who 3 Recruit and induct mentors
are especially vulnerable – such as those with emotional It takes at least three months to recruit and induct mentors.
or mental health problems? Consider which other This process will need to include the following stages (see
agencies should be involved in the scheme – either through overleaf for more information):
participating in a steering group and/or being a referral agency.
Advertise Introductory open evening Applications
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and interview process A series of induction training
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The steering group of the youth mentoring scheme for made and volunteer contracts signed.
young refugees in Oxford, which meets every month, has
been very hands-on in developing this project.They design
and deliver the training programme for mentors; refer
4 Identify potential mentees
clients to the scheme; and support and advise mentors. This needs to be done simultaneously with step 3 to ensure
mentees are available to be matched as soon as the mentor
recruitment process has been completed.There are a
Getting together a group of people who work with young
number of ways to identify potential mentees. For example,
refugees and have a vested interested in the mentoring
referrals could be invited from a number of agencies working
scheme working can provide valuable guidance to the
with young refugees in the area, based on a quota system
project. Professionals are likely to want to be involved as
and agreed criteria.Alternatively, referrals may all be made
many will be frustrated by the lack of time they are able to
within the organisation running the scheme. For example,
give to their individual clients and may see the mentoring
a mentoring project run by a mental health agency may
scheme as a way of providing this much needed support with
choose to offer mentor support to their clients only.
relatively little input from themselves.A steering group needs
a clear terms of reference with specific activities assigned It is crucial that young people are able to make an informed
to it. Members could include representatives from local choice about whether they want to have a mentor or not.
voluntary or community organisations, social services, mental Mentoring is a difficult concept to explain and may seem like
health services, residential homes, Connexions, schools or an odd idea. Professionals responsible for referring young
colleges, the youth service and/or the youth offending team. people to the scheme will need to spend time explaining
what mentoring is and what it means in practice. Prepare
uideleaflets in different languages that clearly explain what
to setting up and running
a mentoring scheme
6 Set goals
mentoring is. Set up an introductory session for young
refugees interested in joining the scheme where they Once the relationship is established it is useful to set goals
can find out more. If possible invite young people who based on the young person’s needs. For example, if the young
have experienced mentoring to the session to talk about person has only recently arrived, then a goal might be for
what it means in reality.The drop-out rate of young the young person to get to know the local area better and
people will be much lower if they have a clear idea of be aware of local services they can access. Goals should
what mentoring involves. regularly be checked to see if they are being met or are still
relevant. Establishing goals will help mentors and mentees
decide what activities to do on a weekly basis.This will also
5 Match mentors and mentees help to measure how useful the mentoring relationship is
There are two key issues to consider when making a match and will help highlight when the relationship is no longer
– what the young person wants from a mentor and if the necessary or useful.
mentor has a preference for who they are matched with.
For example, some mentors may feel better able or more 7 Support mentors
interested in being matched with a younger rather than older
teenager or vice versa. Ideally, someone who knows both the Being a mentor can often be a difficult job. Mentors need
young person and mentor well should be involved in the substantial support and as a minimum this support should
matching process. If this is not possible then it should at least include: a weekly phone call from the project worker to
involve someone who knows the young person well, usually discuss how the weekly meeting with the mentee went;
the referral agency, and someone who knows the mentor face-to-face supervision every 6–8 weeks; and regular support
well, usually the scheme project worker. meetings involving all mentors for them to share their suc-
cesses, personal emotions, dilemmas and concerns. It is also
Once an initial match has been made, a meeting involving the useful for mentors to have contact with professionals who
young person, mentor, project worker and referral agency are supporting the young person they are mentoring, such as
needs to be arranged. Other people supporting the young their social worker. However, the young person, must be able
person could also be invited to the meeting, for example, to feel sure that their confidentiality agreement stands (see
family members or social workers.The first meeting can be overleaf for more information on confidentiality agreements).
daunting for the mentee and mentor and they will both need
support before, during and after the meeting to help them One of the main barriers to establishing a good relationship
establish a relationship. Language can be a particular barrier in the first instance is the difficulty that mentors have in
to gaining a rapport at the early stages of the relationship and contacting mentees to set up meetings.Young refugees often
training for mentors on communicating with people who do get moved from place to place and their contact details
not speak much English is essential (see training mentors change.Young people who have access to a phone (usually
section). a mobile phone) often cannot afford to pay for top-up
vouchers and so find it difficult to keep in contact with
If there are difficulties in matching mentors and mentees people.The project worker needs to keep the mentors
straight away then it is important to keep both parties up-to-date with any changes in circumstance and may need
up-to-date with why they have not been matched and when to help the mentor keep in touch with the young person.
they can expect this to happen. A good way of maintaining In turn, referral agencies need to keep the project worker
the momentum of mentors is to have ongoing support up-to-date with any changes affecting the young person
meetings and training sessions until a match is made. they referred.
…
…10-step guide
8 Provide advice It is essential that mentees’ views about the scheme are sought
in order to ensure it is meeting their needs. On a day-to-day
Mentees will often have problems they need help dealing with. basis this will be through the activities they choose to do with
For example, a young person may get refused refugee status, their mentors.A complaints procedure should also be
they may be being bullied at school or have difficulty accessing established that young people are aware of and feel
benefits. Mentors may not be equipped to deal with these comfortable using.
problems, or it may go beyond the boundaries of their role as
mentor. Mentors should be able to seek help from the project There are a number of ways young people can have an input at
worker to find out the most appropriate form of action.The a more strategic level. One option is setting up a young
project worker will need a good signposting system and need person’s steering group.This option is more feasible once there
to know of organisations that are able to support the young is a cohort of young people who have been through the
people with their particular problems. scheme who are more likely to be interested and feel
confident in giving advice on how to run a scheme.The second
option is to get advice from established young refugee groups
9 Monitoring and evaluation on how they would like to see a mentoring scheme develop.
The third option is to get regular feedback from mentees,
Monitoring and evaluation is important for any project and through discussions with mentors, with the project worker and
provides information that can be used to make the scheme during group meetings.
more effective in the future, provides evidence of the value
of mentoring and is a way to promote the success of the
scheme.There are a number of ongoing monitoring and 10 Ending the mentoring relationship
evaluation techniques that can be incorporated into the It is difficult to set a specific time on how long a mentor/
scheme: mentee relationship should last.The scheme needs to have
a flexible approach, based on the individuals involved in each
• Keep records on each relationship.This will help monitor
relationship. Some relationships may last a long time and
both quantitative outputs, such as the number of
continue well after input from the scheme.Young people
relationships and how long they lasted, and qualitative
in their early teens may want to have a longer mentoring
information about the impact of each relationship.
relationship than those in their late teens, whose lives are
• Setting goals for the mentor/mentee meetings will likely to be changing more rapidly.
help in measuring the overall impact of the project
Both mentor and mentee have the right to end the
on young refugees. relationship at any time. Some relationships will come to
• Quarterly group meetings with mentors and mentees a planned or natural ending, either because the need for a
will provide an opportunity for getting feedback from mentor is no longer there or the relationship did not work.
all participants. It will also give the project worker the Some will come to a less natural ending, for example,
opportunity to observe how relationships are through the young person being dispersed or deported, or
progressing. the mentor being unable to continue for personal reasons.
Whatever the circumstances, the mentor and mentee
• Regular monitoring through the professional steering should be offered support during the final stages of their
group. relationship, which can often be emotionally difficult for one
or both parties.
the mentoring Adults as befrienders
The Medical Foundation for the Care of
Victims of Torture, based in London, runs
Disclosure checks should be done at the earliest opportunity • The local situation – numbers of young refugees, challenges
as they can take some time to come through (at the time of and difficulties facing young refugees
writing police checks were taking at least 12 weeks to come • Support to young refugees – social services, voluntary
through). If this is left until after the training is complete it agencies, etc.
could cause delays in matching up mentors with mentees.
• Emotional and mental health of young refugees
Training is best done in the evening and/or at weekends when • The mentoring process and mentoring skills – what is a
participants are more likely to be available. mentor? what is appropriate behaviour? responsibilities and
boundaries; confidentiality; child protection procedures
The whole programme will take approximately 24 hours to
complete.The training could take place over three or four full • Planning and evaluation – setting goals, reviews and
days or could be spread out over a longer period, such as eight evaluation
workshops lasting three or four hours each. • Beginning, maintaining and ending the mentoring
It is important to get the balance of information right. Do relationship
not look in too much depth at problems and issues faced by • Practicalities – paperwork, arranging meetings, expense
refugees, as this may put people off and make them feel claims
daunted by the prospect of mentoring someone who
potentially faces so many difficulties. During the training • A real mentor – opportunity to meet current mentors
emphasise that mentors are not expected to be experts
attitudes and skills
in refugee issues. It is also important to be clear about the
boundaries of the mentor role. • Working with young people – examining assumptions and
prejudices about young people; discuss what participants
A core part of the mentor training needs to include awareness
were like as teenagers
raising of child protection issues and procedures.
Self-exploration is a critical part of the training – trainee • Cultural differences, values and attitudes – explore how
people often make assumptions based on cultural
mentors should learn not just from the trainers but also from
differences – how to encourage a non-judgemental and
each other. Experiential, hands-on training works best in this
open-minded approach
context. Participants of previous refugee mentoring training
programmes have particularly enjoyed role-plays or learning • Awareness of the different life experiences and cultural
from case studies.Training is a good opportunity for mentors backgrounds of young refugees
to bond with one another. It provides a good foundation from
which to establish the monthly mentor support meetings. • Awareness of child protection issues
Many existing schemes for young refugees have tailored • Communication and listening skills – the importance
of good communication skills; techniques to aid
training programmes and application procedures that they are
communication; active listening skills; body language;
willing to share with organisations planning to set up similar
questioning techniques
schemes. See back page for contact details.
• Motivating young people