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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presented the background of the study. The researchers would introduce the

study as its objectives. This also includes the Statement of the problem, Scope and Delimitation

of the study, Significance of the study, Hypotheses, Definition of terms and Synthesis that will

help provides an overview of this chapter.

Background of the Study

This part of the chapter would introduce the study. The researchers provided information

that helped the study to be more understandable. The researchers would also explain the

difference of this study to other studies.

The term 'entrepreneur' has evolved over the years and is now used to mean an individual

or group of individuals who has the ability to see and evaluate the business opportunity existing

in the environment and to take advantage of it. It is defined as an activity that involves the

discovery, evaluation and exploitation of opportunities to introduce new goods and services,

ways of organizing, markets, processes and raw materials through organizing efforts that

previously had not existed. Entrepreneurship is considered as the driving force behind changes in

the economy as well as in the business environment.

The nature of an entrepreneur is to seek for a good business opportunity. Business

opportunities can mean different things to different people. While all franchise and independent

businesses for sale are business opportunities, not all opportunities of the business meets the
1
requirements for being franchises, nor are they in the strictest sense independent businesses.

Another nature of an entrepreneur is to be a risk taker. Even though future is uncertain, an

entrepreneur would still work under these circumstances in order to gain a profit.

A business representative handles sales for a company (Amico, 2017). Business

representatives greet clients, identify their wants and make recommendations. They often

provide a demonstration of a product, and make the customer aware of special deals, discounts,

rebates and warranties. Business representatives are responsible in handling the business

especially when the business owner is not around. They are also responsible on being updated

about the needs and wants of their customers. Business representatives are the ones who can

likely help the business owner in making decision for their business since they handle the sales

and they are the one who observes the business’s progress every day. It is important for a

business to have business representative especially when the business owners have less

experience in managing and controlling their own business. In hiring a business representative,

the business owners must make sure that they have experience and enough knowledge about the

nature of the business.

There are two ways in setting up an independent business. It is indeed true that

establishing an independent business has many advantages but on the other side, independent

business face challenges like paying tax, hiring employees, and building up a strategic plan in

marketing. Most people who owns an independent business struggles in handling their business

since they don’t have that much skills and knowledge about business and marketing which is one

of the aspects an entrepreneur or business owner must have to run their business successfully and

establish their foothold in the business world. That is why the Business Owner must hire a

Business Representative so someone will guide the in managing their business.

2
 Franchising is all about buying the name or brand of another business at an expensive

price. Franchising also already provides a business structure and marketing strategies especially

only for the franchisee. One of the most important aspects of a franchise is to know if the product

or item that they are going to sell will meet and satisfy all the needs and wants of the customers

or consumers. The reason is that the growing populations always look for something new and

unique that is why the goal of franchising is to meet all of it. Both independent business and

franchising have their own strength and weaknesses, but you cannot deny the fact that they both

existed not only to gain profit but also to meet the needs of people nowadays.

Many studies have introduced the comparison between independent business and

franchising. They also researched about the advantages and disadvantages of both independent

business and franchising. Therefore, there is a need to conduct more studies about the

relationship of Independent business and Franchising. In this ever growing population, especially

here in Dasmariñas City, Cavite the demand of people from food just keeps on increasing.

Following that suggestion, this research will study about the relationship between independent

business and franchising in demand growth in Dasmariñas City, Cavite.

3
Statement of the Problems

This study aimed to find out the relationship between independent business and

franchising in demand growth in Dasmariñas City, Cavite

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of relationship between independent business and demand growth?

2. Is there any significant relationship between independent business and demand growth?

3. What is the level of relationship between franchising and demand growth?

4. Is there any significant relationship between franchising and demand growth?

Objectives:

This part of the research talks about the main goal of the study was stated. Specifically, it

aimed to know the following:

1. To know the level of relationship between independent business and demand growth.

2. To identify if there is any significant relationship between independent business and

demand growth.

3. To know the level of relationship between franchising and demand growth.

4. To identify if there is any significant relationship between franchising and demand

growth.

4
Scope and Delimitation

This part of the chapter narrowed down the topic and limitation of the study. This also

included the information about where the study was focused will be the target participants, when

and where the data gathering was going to take place.

This study would be focused on knowing the relationship of independent businesses and

franchising in demand growth in Dasmariñas City, Cavite. The sample class size (n=200) is

composed of one hundred (100) franchise business representatives and one hundred (100)

independent business representatives. The respondents will be the business representatives of

independent business and franchising. The primary data gathering method used was

questionnaire to determine if both independent business and franchising were able to meet the

demand growth in Dasmariñas City, Cavite. The data gathering is going to take place in

Dasmariñas, City, Cavite.

Furthermore, this study would not take place on Area C, D, E, F, G, and Palipiran,

Dasmariñas, City, Cavite. The researchers would only gather data from Independent Business

and Franchise Business that sells food as their product.

5
Significance of the Study

This part of the chapter would enumerate the groups of people that would benefit from

this study, as it contained information that are not yet studied over by the previous researchers.

Therefore, this study would be beneficial to the following:

Bureau of Internal Revenue – This study would help them in determining ways to encourage

any business to officially legalize their business and pay their taxes properly.

Accountancy, Business, and Management Students – This study would serve as their basis to

gain a broader knowledge about independent business and franchising. It would also

help them to understand how in demand growth affects your business. By using this

study, it would help them to open-minded about how business management works.

Business Representatives – This study would help them to be more familiar on how to manage

their business successfully and assess the needs of their consumers.

Entrepreneurs – This study would help them to develop and enhance more the marketing

strategies of their business. It would also let them have more ideas that will help them to

gain more investments and profits. Through the use of this study, it can make present

entrepreneurs to be an entrepreneur who can adapt to the changes of their business.

Future Entrepreneurs – This study would help them to decide what kind of business they will

establish in the future. It would also help them to develop marketing strategies that they

can use in their business effectively. By using this study, it can produce critical thinker

entrepreneur that will be risk taker in facing the challenges of their business.

6
Consumers – This study would help them to know if independent business and franchising were

able to meet their needs for every day. It would also help them learn how independent

business and franchising works. Through the use of this study, it can help consumers to

identify what kind of demand they want from independent business and franchising.

Future Researchers – This research could serve as basis or guide for their study. This would

also serve as a reliable source. Since business management would always evolve and

drastically change from time to time so this study was accessible for its development.

7
Hypotheses

This part of the chapter would provide the hypotheses of the study. The hypotheses could

be tested through getting the mean of the data that would be gathered by the researchers.

Null (Ho)

1. There is no relationship between independent business and demand growth.

2. There is no relationship between franchising and demand growth.

Alternative (Ha)

1. There is a relationship between independent business and demand growth.

2. There is a relationship between franchising and demand growth.

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Definition of Terms

This part of the chapter would enlist the words in this study that needs a thorough

explanation. This research entailed the Relationship of Independent Business and Franchise in

Demand Growth. The following are the noteworthy terms used as presented in its conceptual

definition:

Entrepreneurship – a person who starts a business and is willing to risk loss in order to make

money.

Business Environment – These are all the factors (internal or external) that is needed in order

for a business to grow rapidly and successfully.

Business Representative – the person who is hired by the owner to handle the sales of their

business.

Franchising – is an alternative way to expand through the use of internally generated profits or

by seeking funds in the capital markets.

Foothold – means to secure a position that makes it possible to begin a task or activity for a

further progress or development.

Market – this is the place where buyers and sellers meet when trading their products. These

markets could be in a high street shop or an online web site.

Profit – the amount earned by the business; which is earned through investing. Profit is also the

financial gain of the business after paying all the expenses made by the company

9
Synthesis

This part of the chapter would provide the summary of the entire chapter. The first part of

the chapter, which is the Background of the Study, presented the introduction of the study. It

contained information that would help broaden the knowledge of the readers about the study. It

also included the research gap that would soon be filled in by the researchers. The next part of

the chapter would be the Statement of the Problem. This contains the research problems that

would be answered by the researchers. After the Statement of the Problem, the next part of the

chapter would be the Objectives. This part of the chapter is the Statement of the Problem that

was in statement form. The next part of the chapter would be the Scope and Delimitation of the

study. This contained who will be the target participants, and where the data gathering would

going to take place. This part of the chapter would help the study to establish its limitations.

After the Scope and Delimitation, the next chapter would be the Significance of the Study. In this

part of the chapter, it would enlist all the people that would benefit from this study. The next part

of the chapter would be the Hypotheses. Hypotheses could only be tested by getting the mean of

the data that would soon be gathered by the researchers as they go on to their study. Lastly, the

next chapter would be the Definition of Terms. This part of the chapter contained the noteworthy

terms used by the researchers that needs a thorough explanation.

10
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter provided an overview of the related literature and studies after an extensive

an in-depth search done by the researcher. The main purpose of the literature review work was to

gain knowledge and information about the relationship of independent business and franchising

in demand growth. It also introduced the conceptual and theoretical framework to fully

understand the research done.

Review of Related Literature

Nature of Independent Business and Franchising

Small business or independent business was defined as a business that was manually and

independently operated by the owner or its representative (Kuratko, 2012). Independent

businesses have a possibility of not expanding because this kind of business rarely participates in

innovative practices such as collaborating with other business, using many types of advertising,

etc. Kuratko (2012) also said that owners of independent businesses prefer a more stable and less

aggressive approach in running their business. This means that they only expect or prefer to have

a high and stable sales, profit, and growth than competing with other businesses.

A business that was handled by the owners or their representatives manually and

independently was considered as Independent Business. Most Independent Business was not

competitive in nature. The main objective of an Independent Business was to only have high

sales that would make their business stable. Another reason why Independent Business was

11
considered to be not competitive in nature is that this type of business rarely participates in

activities that will expand their business such as using advertisement to promote their products

and collaborate with other business.

This literature was related to this study for it will help the researchers in finding their

target participants. Independent Business was one of the target participants of this study. By

knowing the description and nature of the business, it would help the researchers in

distinguishing whether the business was either Independent Business or Franchise Business.

According to Sidhpuria (2010), Franchising was a contractual agreement between the

franchisor and franchisee that uses cooperative strategic marketing strategies in operating the

business. Franchising uses an effective and tested business model that gives them advantage to

other businesses. They also use many kinds of advertising in promoting their product making the

business become well-known in the community. The owners of franchising business’ goal are

not only to have a high profit, sales, and growth but also to be ahead of their other competitors.

They always take risks and accept all the challenges that come in their business.

Franchise Business was defined as a business that could be bought by any entrepreneur

by buying its brand name through a contractual agreement between the franchisor and franchisee.

Unlike Independent Business, Franchise Business was competitive in nature. This type of

business also participates in activities that will help their business to expand. One example was

that Franchise Business uses advertisement to promote their product. The goal of Franchise

Business was to be one of the most successful businesses. In order to do that, Franchise Business

accepted any risks and challenges that would likely increase their sales so they could be ahead

against their competitors.

12
 This literature was related to this study for it will also help the researchers in finding their

target participants. Franchise Business was also one of the target participants of this study. The

description and nature of Franchise Business would surely help the researchers in distinguishing

their needed participants.

Business Success of Independent Business and Franchising

Business success depends on the management practices, entrepreneurial competencies,

and characteristics of business owners or its representatives (Parilla, 2009). In order for them to

achieve their goals, business owners work hard to grow and increase their sales every year or

month. The business owners’ personal characteristics also help them in managing a business.

Patience is one of the most important attitudes that a business owner must have. The

environment of business is unstable so business owners must have patience.

Patience was one of the keys in order for a business to be successful whether it was an

Independent Business or Franchise Business. Not only the business owner must possess this kind

of attitude but also the business representatives for there are occasions that business

representatives must handle the business. Since the owner’s goal is for their business to grow, the

task of the business representative would be to help the owners to accomplish these goals. The

environment of business was unstable so that is why the business representative must be patient

in handling their business.

This literature was related to this study for it would help the researchers to establish their

research instrument. The researchers would include questions in their questionnaires about the

attitude of the target participants in managing their designated business.

13
 Strategic management was required in order for a business to be a successful one since it

was based on thorough forecasts (Volberda, 2010). By using thorough forecasts, the company

could prepare and anticipate early for future and challenges and opportunities. The entrepreneur

that has an experience about business was likely the one who can do these thorough forecasts.

With their experience, they could easily identify what type of strategic management and

innovative practices they could apply to their business in order it to grow and be successful

more.

Another key for a business to be successful was that the business must develop strategies.

Building up strategies has been one of the duties of a business representative for it would greatly

help the business owner on managing their business. In order to build up strategies, the business

representative must have an experience. Through the use of forecasts, the business representative

can anticipate the challenges and opportunities of the business in the near future.

This literature was related to this study for it would help the researchers to establish their

research instrument. The researchers would also include questions in their research instrument

about if the business representatives use effective strategies in managing the business.

The business that was goal-oriented, profit-oriented, and service-oriented are the ones

that are likely to be successful (Bigliardi, 2011; Mosey, 2002). In establishing a business, an

entrepreneur must be ambitious to keep the business going. Introducing new products are one of

the ways to attract a customer. So the entrepreneur must stay updated on what does the

population want and need every day. That way, the business will be popular and perform even

better.

14
 The last key that the researchers would discuss in order for a business to be successful

was that the business must be goal-oriented, profit-oriented, and service-oriented. In other words,

the business must be ambitious to keep the business going. To be able to do that, the business

owner as well as the business representative, must be an observant. They must always observe

and look for updates about the products and services that were in demand to the consumers.

This literature was related to this study for it will help the researchers in establishing their

research instrument. The researchers would include questions in their questionnaire about how

updated the business representatives are when dealing with the needs of their customers.

Demand Growth to Independent Business and Franchising

Demand growth was very important to handling a business especially in independent

business since its survival depends on it (Rauch & Rijskik, 2013). One of the important factors in

entrepreneurship that needs to be considered was how the business would meet all the demands

of the population. People nowadays want something that could satisfy them and something that

was very affordable. If an independent business can meet all these expectations, then the survival

rate of their business would increase and if not, they would have low profits and sales which

would lead to bankruptcy.

In every business, demand growth was very important. In fact, it was the most important

factor that a business needs consider since the success of their business would depend on how

knowledgeable enough the business about the needs of a population in order to provide for it. If

the business were able to meet all the needs and expectations of their customers, the business

would surely grow.

15
 This literature was related to this study for it would help the researchers in establishing

their research instrument. The researchers would provide questions in their questionnaire about if

the business representatives were able to meet the needs or demands of their customers.

Customer satisfaction was one of the aspects that customers or consumers seek from an

Independent Business and franchising (Kapoor, 2017). Most people nowadays prioritize the

service quality more than the product of the quality itself. How the owners and its employees

handle its customers reflects the whole business. If the customer finds the service of the business

very poor, they might as well not buy the product since they would start to lose trust in the

business. So an independent or franchise owners must take service quality seriously in order for

the people keep coming back in their business.

One of the factors that customers seek from a business was satisfaction. The business

representative must know how to satisfy their customers whether it was an Independent Business

or Franchise Business. The way the owners, their representatives, and the employees give

satisfaction to their customers, will reflect on the whole business itself. Since the customers

nowadays look for a good service rather than the product the business offers.

Review of Related Studies

The Impact of Internal Factors on Small Business success: A Case Study of Small

Enterprises under the FELDA scheme.

In today’s economy, small or independent businesses are prone to have a higher failure

rate compared to large organizations (Bloch & Bhattacharya, 2016; Lo, Wang, Wah, &

Ramayah, 2016). The reason of it was the growing competitive nature of the business world. In

Malaysia, studies found out that many independent or small businesses in 2015 have failed due

16
to limitation of sources, lack of knowledge to marketing strategies, and competitive nature

(Gritzy, Baker, and Grinstein, 2014). This study aimed to identify and know the business success

of small businesses in Malaysia under the Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA)

scheme.

This study used questionnaire as their research instrument to know the business success

of small businesses under the FELDA scheme. The researchers gathered 20 entrepreneurs

coming from small business enterprises. There are 13,323 small businesses under the FELDA

scheme during 2015. They send questionnaires to 500 firms but only 199 were returned whisch

only resulted at 39.8% response rate. The study found out that there was significant difference

between entrepreneurial competency and technology usage on business success.

This study was relevant to this research because it also talks about the business success of

small or independent business. Furthermore, this study was also related since the problems in this

study arise due to the endless demand of the population which is the researchers would also

tackle in our research. In methodology, this study was related to our research for they have used

questionnaire as their research instrument which would also be used in gathering data.

Financial Performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the

Philippines

This study focused on determining the financial performance of selected micro, small,

and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in terms of liquidity, leverage, and profitability, and its

relationship (Mendoza, 2015). The study aimed to know if there was any significant difference

between organizational form, business type, and asset size in financial performance. And last,

17
this study aims to know if the MSMEs contributed to the social and economic well-being of the

country.

In their methodology, the researchers used secondary data from annual financial

statements of 33 enterprises located in the CALABARZON region in the Philippines. They also

used hypothesis to test if there is any significant relationship between liquidity, leverage, and

profitability of MSMEs in the Philippines. The results showed that there was no significant

relationship between liquidity, leverage, and profitability in MSMEs.

This study was related to this research because it tackled about small or independent

business. It also tackled about business success but only in terms of financial performance. In

methodology, this study used hypothesis to determine if there was any significant relationship

between liquidity, leverage, profitability of MSMEs which was related to this study since the

researchers would also use hypothesis to determine if demand growth has any significant

relationship between independent business and franchising. Lastly, this study is related in this

research because this study gathered information to CALABARZON region in the Philippines

which where the researcher would also gather data but only in Dasmariñas City, Cavite which is

part of the CALABARZON region.

A Comparison of Retail Franchises, Independent Businesses, and Purchased Existing

Independent Business Startups: Lessons from the Kauffman Firm Survey

In the United States, franchising takes over 12 retail businesses and more than 8 million

people are employed in this franchised business which makes franchising a major economic

house (Dianne H., Welsh B., David E., 2017). Many entrepreneurs take risks in order to start and

create a new business even though success rate was unsure. This study aimed to know the

18
comparison between franchising, independent business, and purchased existing business in the

startup base.

This study used U.S-based Kauffman Foundation Firm Survey in gathering data and to

examine the survival business type, total revenue, profit and loss, labor intensity, and prior

ownership experience of business owners of franchising, independent business, and purchased

existing independent business. The data were collected using web based and using computer

assisted telephone interviews. The results turned out those franchising businesses needed more

capital and have larger revenues than the independent business.

This study was related to this research because it focuses about franchising and

independent business which was also the focus of our research. It was also related since it aimed

to know the correlation of independent and franchising business.

Control or Let Loose: The Franchising business in Davao, City

In Philippines, franchising was very well-known. Franchising was considered to be one

of the most popular and the fastest growing business economic model globally (Sevilla, 2015).

Many people believed that franchising was the solution to Philippines’ current economic crisis,

low employment rate, and a source of decent livelihood. One of the growing businesses in the

Philippines was food kiosks and food carts. This study would investigate the level of control

mechanisms of the franchisor and the level of satisfaction in Davao, City.

Questionnaire was used by this study as their research instrument to data collection. The

researchers gathered 50 franchises to be surveyed. The result of the study includes that there is a

direct relationship between the overall level of franchise satisfaction and the level of control

mechanisms.

19
 This study was related to this research because it talks about franchising. It was also

related because of the target respondents of this study. They gathered 50 franchises that owned

food kiosks and food. Our study will also use the same research instrument in gathering data

which is questionnaire.

Is the Franchising model attractive to independent Small Business operators?

Shortage of franchise applicants are now the major problem of franchise businesses in

Australia. Australia has been known for its successful franchises since 1980s representing 12%

of Australia’s GDP (IBI, 20016; Benett, 2009). The reason of the shortage was because small

businesses were staring to arise now. In a recent study in Australia, it was found out that 43% of

their franchises previously operated their own business (Frazer et. al, 2008). This study would

focus on knowing the difference between franchising and independent businesses.

Interview was the research instrument used in this study. They gather ten franchises and

10 independent or small business operators to be interviewed. The results of the study showed

that both franchises and independent business owners have desired to have their own business

after gaining a sufficient capital. It is also revealed that independent business operators were

more satisfied with their choice of business than those who operate franchises.

This study is related to this research because they tackle about franchise and independent

business which is also our main topic. In terms of target respondents, this study is related to this

research because for their target respondents are also franchising and independent business but

only that this study will use business representatives as their participants.

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Franchising as a business trend in Batangas City, Philippines

Franchising started back in 13th century and today, it is considered as one of the growing

trends. Many years passed, and franchising in Batangas City has boomed in different ways

(Casabuena, 2017). As the franchising business continues to grow rapidly, the more it will face

problems and challenges regarding their operations. In order to start a franchise, an entrepreneur

must always be willing to risk money. The researchers aimed to know provide information for

people who wants to start a business but lacks entrepreneurial skills. This study also aimed to

know the status of franchising in Batangas City, Philippines.

The researchers used descriptive research design in their study to identify the profile of

the target respondents. They used self-made questionnaires as their research instrument to get

information about the franchise business operations and their marketing strategies. The

participants are the franchise owners which they gather 30 survey questionnaires for these

franchise owners. The results of the study found out that having a franchise business indeed has a

higher success rate but not entirely guaranteed. Since all the rules and limitations were set by the

company, franchise business had trouble in increasing customer’s attraction on their own ways.

This study is related to this research because its topic was all about franchise business.

Just like in their methodology, this research would also modified questionnaire. Lastly, their

study was related because this research also aimed to know if franchising business was

successful and was able to meet the demand growth of the population.

This literature is related to this study for it will also help the researchers in establishing

their research instrument. This would also help the researchers in supporting this study since this

study is all about the relationship of Independent Business and Franchising in Demand Growth.

21
Theoretical Framework

This part of the study would provide a relevant and associated theory that would make

this research become more understandable. Particularly, this theory was Agency Theory that was

founded by Barry Mitnick back in 1970s.

Barry Mitnick’s Agency Theory talks about the relationship between principals and

agents of the business. The main idea of this theory is where the ‘principal’ was too busy to do a

job so he or she will hire the job for him or her instead (Gibbons, n.d.). The one that the

‘principal’ would hire will be considered as ‘agent’. The ‘agent’ would be the one who would do

the job of ’principal’.

This theory means that the owners of Businesses, hires a Business Representatives that

would replace him/her when he/she was too busy handling other things. The Business

Representative would be responsible on managing the company while the owner was away. For

this reason, the Business Representative must have experience on how to handle the business.

This theory is relevant to this study since it concerns about the capabilities of a Business

Representative on handling the business. This theory would also show if the Business

Representative was goal-oriented, profit-oriented, and service-oriented when it comes to dealing

with the Demand Growth of the customers.

22
Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the study

The figure above illustrates the conceptual framework in this study. This study will focus

in the Relationship of Independent Business and Franchising in Demand Growth in Dasmariñas

City, Cavite. The researchers categorized business into two which is Independent Business and

Franchise Business. In order to gather the information needed, first the researchers will interview

the target respondents what type of business are they operating, if the type of business was

independent business or franchising. After determining whether the business was franchising or

independent, the researchers will give the designated questionnaire to gather the information

needed. Using the gathered data, the researchers would apply the Agency Theory in their study.

23
Synthesis

This chapter provided an overview of the related literature and studies after an extensive

an in-depth search done by the researcher. It also introduced the conceptual and theoretical

framework to fully understand the research done.

In Review of Related Literature, the researchers gather literatures both internationally and

locally. The researchers divide the review of related literature into three subtopics which are

Nature of Independent Business and Franchising, Business Success of Independent Business and

Franchising, and Demand Growth to Independent Business and Franchising. The first subtopic,

which is the Nature of Independent Business and Franchising, tackled all about the difference of

Independent Business and Franchise Business. The next subtopic, which is Business Success of

Independent Business and Franchising, tackled all about the qualities of the Business

Representative must possess in order the business to consider as successful. The last subtopic,

which is Demand Growth to Independent Business and Franchising, tackled all about the

demands of the population in both Independent Business and Franchise Business which includes

the service satisfaction. These literatures were related to this research for it helped the

researchers to distinguish their participants and helped them to establish their research

instruments that would be used by the researchers to gather data.

In Review of Related Studies, the researchers also gathers studies both internationally

and locally to fully understand the relationship between independent business and franchising.

The researchers provided six (6) studies and provide information about the study and thoroughly

explained why these studies are relevant to this research. The researchers found out that majority

of these studies use the same research design, target respondents, research instruments, and even

24
theoretical framework that are the reason why the researchers concluded that these studies are

appropriate to this research.

Lastly, the researchers use Agency Theory by Barry Mitnick (1970s) as the most relevant

to this research. This theory was relevant to this research since this theory was about the

capabilities of a Business Representative on handling the business. This theory would also show

if the Business Representative was goal-oriented, profit-oriented, and service-oriented when it

comes to dealing with the Demand Growth of the customers.

25
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the methodology used in this study. It showed the data that were

collected by the researchers. In gathering the data, the researchers followed a thorough step by

step procedure. This chapter also included the Research Design, Research Instrument, Sampling

Technique, Data Gathering Procedure, Data Analysis Procedure, and Synthesis to further support

this research.

Research Design

This part of the methodology explained the research design of the study. The researchers

would provide brief explanations on each research design that was used in quantitative research

as well as the kind of research design the researchers used in the study.

A research design refers to an overall strategy that a researcher uses to logically and

coherently integrate the various components of a study. In quantitative research, there are five

types of research design that the researchers can use in their study. These are the Descriptive,

Correlational, Ex-post Facto, Quasi-experimental, and Experimental Research Design.

The differences between the four types primarily relate to the degree the research designs

for the control of the variables in the experiment. The given examples of research design were

given a brief description. Descriptive research involves either identifying the characteristics of an

observed phenomenon or exploring possible associations’ amount two or more phenomena

(Leedy & Ormrod, 2016). This kind of research design does not include hypothesis for it does

not test any relationship between a specific variable. Correlation can be defined as the statistical test

26
used to determine the tendency or pattern for two (or more) variables or sets of data to vary consistently

(Creswell, 2012). This type of research design investigates the possibility of relationships

between two variables without manipulating the variables. According to Salkind (2010), Ex post

facto study or after-the-fact research is a category of research design in which the investigation

starts after the fact has occurred without interference from the researcher. This research design

attempts to establish a causal relationship between variables, however this research design does

not use experimental manipulation. Quasi-experimental research designs, like experimental

designs, test causal hypotheses and this research design identify a comparison group that is as

similar as possible to the treatment group in terms of baseline (pre-intervention) characteristics

(White & Sabarwal, 2014). In a quasi-experimental design, the researcher lacks control over the

assignment to conditions and/or does not manipulate the causal variable of interest. According to

Mitchell (2016), experimental research design is centrally concerned with constructing research

that is high in causal (or internal) validity. Causal validity concerns the accuracy of statements

regarding cause and effect relationships. This is a traditional type of research that is quantitative

in nature. This is a method used to establish a cause and effect relationship between two

variables or among a group of variables. The independent variable is manipulated to observe the

effect on the depended variable.

Particularly, this study seeks to analyze the level of relationship of the two variables that

is why the researchers used correlational research design. In using the correlational research

design, the researchers were able to know the relationship of independent business and franchise

business in demand growth. This type of research design can determine whether an increase or

decrease in one variable corresponds to the increase or decrease in another.

27
Sampling Procedure and Technique

This part of the methodology examined the way the researchers choose their target

participants for the study. There are kind of sampling procedure namely probability sampling

and non-probability sampling technique. In probability sampling, there are Purposive and

Random Sampling. Purposive sampling focuses to the standardized characteristics of the target

participants. The researcher on this type of sampling technique set some qualifications for the

participants to be analyzed in the study. Random Sampling involves the selection of a group of

participants from a larger population by chance. There are four kinds of random sampling

technique namely Simple Random, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic Sampling.

Simple Random Sampling refers to individuals in a given population all have an equal

chance of being selected. This kind of sampling technique uses the fish bowl technique wherein

you can select your participants without any biases. Stratified Sampling was similar to Simple

Random Sampling for you can choose your participants by chance. In Stratified Sampling, the

population was divided into subgroups or strata. Cluster Sampling was a type of sampling

technique where it involved the grouping of the population into sub groups or clusters. It was

also considered as heterogeneous because the target participants are not chosen based on

characteristics or traits. The last type of sampling is Systematic Sampling. The participants for

this kind of sampling technique are selected from a list based on their order in the population or a

predetermined interval.

The researchers used Stratified Sampling in gathering their target participants. This type

of sampling technique is relevant study because in Stratified Sampling, the population was

divided into subgroups or strata. The researchers gathered one hundred (100) Independent

28
Business and one hundred (100) Franchise Business randomly as their target participants around

Dasmariñas City, Cavite. The researchers divided their target participants into two subgroups

which is Independent Business Representative and Franchise Business Representative.

This study stimulated in the Independent Business and Franchise Business around

Dasmariñas City, Cavite with three million six hundred seventy eight thousand three hundred

one (3,678,301) as of 2015. The number of participants in this study is one hundred (100)

Independent Business Representatives out of (total number of independent business [food

business] around Dasmariñas City, Cavite) and one hundred (100) Franchise Business

Representatives out of (total number of franchise business [food business] around Dasmariñas

City, Cavite). The participants are regarded as Stratified Sampling because they are divided into

subgroups on the given population which is only around Dasmariñas City, Cavite. The said

participants are Probability Sampling Technique for the participants are cooperative and

approachable to the researchers.

29
Research Instrument

This part of the methodology provided information about the data gathering of this study.

Research Instrument played a vital role in research for it simply gathers relevant data and

information needed for the success of this study. Research Instrument would serve as the means

in gathering data from their target participants. The data that would be gathered by the

researchers will establish the relevance of this study.

There are three ways of developing a research instrument namely Adopting, Modify, and

Create your own. Questionnaire development involved rigorous testing to ensure reliability and

validity. Due to time and cost constraints of developing new questionnaires, researchers often

adapt existing questionnaires to better fit the purpose of their study (Lopez et al. 2016). Adopting

a Research Instrument was all about using a research instrument that has already been use from

the previous studies. Modifying a research instrument requires more substantial changes than

adopting an instrument. In this situation, the researcher followed the general design of another

instrument but adds items, removes items, and/or substantially changes the content of each item

(Korb, 2012). In modifying a Research Instrument it is also important to include what changes

were made to the instrument and why. Questionnaires have obtained a rather ambivalent

reputation as a research instrument. Although they can be very useful, designing a good

questionnaire takes considerable effort and thinking (Brinkman, 2014). Creating your own

Research Instrument needs to undergo thorough process which was validity and reliability test.

Validity and Reliability test will help the Research Instrument to be a formal Instrument wherein

the questions that will be used by the researchers are valid and reliable.

30
 Adopting, Modifying and Creating your own was the three ways in order to develop a

Research Instrument. The researchers used Modifying in their Research Instrument in this study.

The Research Instrument that is used by the researchers comes from another study entitled 'A

Comparison of Retail Franchises, Independent Businesses, and Purchased Existing Independent

Business Startups: Lessons From the Kauffman Firm Survey'. The Research Instrument also used

Likert Scale to identify the mean of the variables of their study. The researchers modified the

questions itself in the Research Instrument and then served as the Research Instrument that will

be used in this study.

31
Data Gathering Procedure

This part of the methodology explained the data gathering procedure used by the

researchers in gathering the information and data that is needed for this study. This also included

the Research Locale and the graphs presenting the distribution of participants of the study. The

researchers would also discuss the procedures on how they distributed and collected the needed

data for the study. Data Collection was an important aspect of any type of research study.

Inaccurate data collection could impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid

results (Data Collection Methods, n.d.).

The researchers used Stratified Sampling in gathering participants to answer their

Research Instrument. Afterwards, the researcher started to ask the target participants if they were

able to answer the Research Instrument without any hassle. When the target participants agreed

to take part on the research, the researchers starts to hand out their instrument to the participants.

The participants have the choice to reveal their identity or not in answering the Research

Instrument. After the data gathering, the researchers tallied their data respectively. This study

takes place in Dasmariñas City, Cavite. The researchers used pie graph to present the population

and your target population.

32
 Figure 1. Population of the Participants

This study was all about the Relationship of Independent Business and Franchise in

Demand Growth in Dasmariñas City, Cavite. The researchers were asked to have a consent letter

before proceeding to gathering data. When the consent letter has been established, the

researchers start to gather data. In gathering the data, the researchers were asked to have two

hundred (200) participants for this study. One hundred (100) Independent Business

Representatives and One hundred (100) Franchise Business Representatives. The researchers

have gathered data mostly in Pala-Pala which resulted to 60 percent (%) of the participants came

from there. While 30 percent (%) of the participants are from Dasma Bayan and 10 percent (%)

from Salawag.

33
Data Analysis Procedure

This part of the methodology explained on how the researchers analyzed and interpreted

the data that they have gathered form the participants. It also presented the statistics used in the

study. In quantitative research, data analysis involved the use of statistical tests to address the

research questions or objectives. Statistics lets the researcher to effectively present the data by

using proper methods that would make the study credible. There are 5 examples of the most

common statistical techniques that was specifically used in quantitative research namely

Pearson’s r, Spearman’s rho, ANOVA, multiple regression, and t-tests.

Pearson’s r is a statistical method used for determining if there is a linear relationship

between variables. In using Pearson’s r, there are only 3 possible outcomes and that is positive

correlation, negative correlation, and no relation. Spearman’s Rho is a statistical technique that

tests the relationships between ordinal variables. This type of statistical technique computes for

the coefficient and uses ranking. The Analysis Of Variance or ANOVA is a statistical tool used

for testing differences among two or more groups of samples. There are 2 types of ANOVA and

that is one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA. One-way ANOVA tests differences among

groups concerning one variable while two-way ANOVA tests differences among groups

concerning two variables. Another type of statistical technique is Multiple Regression. It is a

statistical tool used for testing the relationship between one dependent variable and at least two

independent variables. The last type of statistical technique is T-tests. T-tests are statistical

technique that tests the difference between data sets from two groups.

The type of statistical technique that is used in this study is Pearson’s r. Since this type of

method is used determining if there is a linear relationship between variables, this statistical

34
technique is relevant to this study for it have two variables which is independent business and

franchise business. Pearson’s r also measures the linear relationship between the two variables.

After measuring and analyzing the data, there are only 3 possible outcomes and that is positive

correlation, negative correlation, and no relation. By these outcomes, the researchers were going

to be able to determine if there is a linear relationship between independent business and

franchise business.

Below is the formula for Pearson’s r:

35
Synthesis of Research Methodology

This chapter presented the methodology used in this study. It showed the data that were

collected by the researchers. In gathering the data, the researchers followed a thorough step by

step procedure.

Research Design referred to an overall strategy that a researcher used to logically and

coherently integrate the various components of a study. In quantitative research, there are five

types of research design that the researchers could be used in this study. These are the

Descriptive, Correlational, Ex-post Facto, Quasi-experimental, and Experimental Research

Design. This part of the methodology explained the research design of the study. The researchers

would provide brief explanations on each research design that was used in quantitative research

as well as the kind of research design the researchers used in the study. Particularly, this study

seeks to analyze the level of relationship of the two variables that is why the researchers used

correlational research design.

Sampling Procedure and Technique was the part of the methodology examines the way

the researchers chose their target participants for the study. There are kind of sampling

procedure namely probability sampling and non-probability sampling technique. In probability

sampling, there are Purposive and Random Sampling. There are four kinds of random sampling

technique namely Simple Random, Stratified, Cluster, and Systematic Sampling. The researchers

used Stratified Sampling in gathering their target participants. This type of sampling technique is

relevant study because in Stratified Sampling, the population was divided into subgroups or

strata.

36
 Research Instrument played a vital role in research for it simply gathers relevant data and

information needed for the success of this study. Research Instrument would serve as the means

in gathering data from their target participants. The data that will be gathered by the researchers

would establish the relevance of this study. There are three ways of developing a research

instrument namely Adopting, Modify, and Create your own. The researchers used Modifying in

their Research Instrument in this study. The Research Instrument that is used by the researchers

comes from another study entitled 'A Comparison of Retail Franchises, Independent Businesses,

and Purchased Existing Independent Business Startups: Lessons From the Kauffman Firm

Survey'.

Data gathering procedure was the part of the methodology wherein it explained the data

gathering procedure used by the researchers in gathering the information and data that was

needed for this study. This also included the Research Locale and the graphs presenting the

distribution of participants of the study. The researchers would also discuss the procedures on

how they distributed and collected the needed data for the study. The researchers used Simple

Random Sampling in gathering participants to answer their Research Instrument

Data Analysis Procedure was part of the methodology explains on how the researchers

analyzed and interpreted the data that they have gathered form the participants. It also presented

the statistics used in the study. There are 5 examples of the most common statistical techniques

that is specifically used in quantitative research namely Pearson’s r, Spearman’s rho, ANOVA,

multiple regression, and t-tests. The type of statistical technique that was used in this study was

Pearson’s r. Since this type of method was used determining if there was a linear relationship

between variables, this statistical technique was relevant to this study for it have two variables

which is independent business and franchise business.

37
 CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presented the data that has been presented, analyzed, and interpreted by the

researchers. The researchers would tackle the gathered data that is collected from their target

respondents. This also included figures and tables that represent the data with a thorough

explanation that would explain how the gathered data would support the study.

Presentation and Analysis of Data

This part of the chapter represented all the gathered data by the means of figures and

tables. The researchers would provide an interpretation for the figures and tables. The

researchers would also provide tables for the mean of the two variables of the study.

Tables with Data

Table 1.1: Mean of Gathered Data of Independent Business (X) and Demand Growth (Y)

Number of Participants X Y
1 4.1 4.5
2 3.9 4.1
3 4 4.6
4 4.8 4.2
5 4.2 4.3
6 4.7 4.8
7 4 3.8
8 4.5 4.5
9 3.8 4.1
10 3.9 4.1

38
11 3.7 3.9
12 3.7 3.5
13 4 4
14 3.8 3.4
15 3.5 3.7
16 4.4 4
17 3.9 4
18 3.8 3.8
19 4 3.9
20 3.7 3.7
21 3.6 3.7
22 4 3.9
23 4.3 3.9
24 4.9 4.2
25 3.9 3.8
26 4.6 3.6
27 3.7 3.9
28 3.5 3.9
29 3.9 3.7
30 3.5 3.9
31 3.6 4.1
32 3.7 4.5
33 4 4
34 4.6 4.1
35 4.3 3.6
36 4.1 4
37 4.4 3.9
38 4.4 3.7
39 4.6 4
40 3.6 2.9
41 3.3 4.2
42 4.4 4.5
43 4.5 4.2
44 4.2 4.2
45 4.1 4.1
46 3.2 3.1
47 3.9 4.1
48 2.8 3.3
49 4.2 4.4
50 3.5 3.4
51 3.4 4.4
52 4.2 4.4
53 3.9 3.8

39
54 4.4 4.3
55 4.2 4
56 4.1 4.4
57 4.2 3.8
58 4.4 4
59 4 4.5
60 3 4.8
61 3.9 3.6
62 3.6 3.7
63 4.1 3.9
64 4.5 4.3
65 3.6 3.4
66 4.1 4
67 3.8 3.9
68 4.3 3.8
69 4.6 4.2
70 3.7 3.6
71 3.8 3.7
72 3.9 3.7
73 3.5 3.9
74 4 4.2
75 4 4.2
76 3.9 3.3
77 3.7 3.9
78 4.3 4
79 3.6 4.2
80 3.5 4.5
81 3.6 3.8
82 4 4.5
83 3.8 3.7
84 3.9 3.6
85 3 3.6
86 3 3.5
87 4.6 4.3
88 4.4 4.1
89 3.9 3.9
90 3.9 4.1
91 4.3 4.1
92 3.8 3.7
93 3.7 3.7
94 3.7 3.8
95 4.7 4.7
96 4.6 4.4

40
 97 4 4.2
98 3.7 4
99 4 4
100 3.5 3.7
Pearson 0.419119504347814 (Moderate Positive)

The table above presented all the means of the answers of the participants gathered by the

researcher. X serves as the questions associated with Independent Business. Y serves as the

questions associated with Demand Growth. The result of the mean is 0.41 which means moderate

positive based on the given frequency by the research teacher. This shows that there is a

relationship between Independent Business and Demand Growth.

Table 1.2: Mean of the Gathered Data of Franchised Business (X) and Demand Growth (Y)

Number of Participants X Y
1 4.3 4.4
2 4.1 3.9
3 4 4
4 4.5 4.4
5 3.9 4
6 4.4 4.3
7 4.1 3.8
8 4.3 4.3
9 3.8 3.1
10 4.5 4
11 3.8 4.2
12 3.9 3.7
13 4.5 4.1
14 4.1 4.2
15 4.3 4.2
16 4.3 3.4
17 3.6 3.8
18 4.5 4.3
19 4 4.6
20 4.4 4.6
21 4.3 4

41
22 3.9 3.8
23 4 3.7
24 3.8 4.1
25 4.1 4.2
26 4.2 4.2
27 4 4.5
28 3.9 3.9
29 4.7 4.3
30 4.6 4
31 4.2 4
32 4.4 4.1
33 4.3 4.4
34 4 4.5
35 4 4.1
36 3.7 4.3
37 4.5 4.7
38 4.1 4
39 3.8 3.9
40 3.8 4
41 3.7 4.2
42 3.5 3.3
43 4.1 4.3
44 4.6 4.8
45 4.8 4.7
46 4.6 3.8
47 4 3.5
48 4.6 4.4
49 4.6 4.2
50 4.6 4.5
51 4 4.5
52 4.3 4.3
53 3.4 3.5
54 3.9 3.6
55 4 4
56 4.1 4.7
57 4.1 4.1
58 4.2 4.4
59 4.4 4.5
60 4.1 4.4
61 4.3 4.1
62 4.1 4
63 4 4.1
64 3.9 3.9

42
 65 4.3 4
66 3.8 4.4
67 4.2 4.5
68 4.2 4.5
69 4 4.1
70 3.6 4.1
71 4.3 4.4
72 4.2 4.2
73 4.3 4.1
74 4.5 4
75 4.5 4
76 4.1 4.1
77 4.6 4.3
78 4.4 4.2
79 4.4 4
80 4.4 4.4
81 4.6 4.3
82 4.3 3.9
83 4.3 4.2
84 4.3 4
85 4.5 4.3
86 4 3.8
87 4.2 4.8
88 4.1 4.1
89 3.1 3.6
90 4.2 4.8
91 3.9 5
92 4.7 4.7
93 4.1 4.3
94 4.4 4.6
95 4.4 4.3
96 4.3 4.2
97 4.6 4.9
98 4.1 3.8
99 4.7 4.3
100 3.9 4.2
Pearson 0.450985009049612 (Moderate Positive)

The table above presented all the means of the answers of the participants gathered by the

researcher. X serves as the questions associated with Franchised Business. Y serves as the

43
questions associated with Demand Growth. The result of the mean is 0.45 which means moderate

positive based on the given frequency by the research teacher. This also shows that there is a

relationship between Franchise Business and Demand Growth.

Table 2.1: Pearson’s r Correlational Table of Independent Business (X) and Demand Growth (Y)

X y
x 1
y 0.41912 1

The table above showed the Pearson’s r Correlation table of the mean of the Independent

Business and Demand Growth which was shown at Table 1.1. X represented the questions

associated with Independent Business while Y represents the questions associated with the

Demand Growth. In this table, it showed that there was a result of 0.41912 which means

moderate positive.

Table 2.2: Pearson’s r Correlational Table of Franchise Business (X) and Demand Growth (Y)

x y

x 1

y 0.450985 1

The table above showed the Pearson’s r Correlation table of the mean of the Franchise

Business and Demand Growth which was shown at Table 1.2. X represented the questions

associated with Franchise Business while Y represented the questions associated with the

Demand Growth. In this table, it shows that there was a result of which 0.450985 means

moderate positive.

44
Figures with data

Linear Relationship of Independent Business (X)

and Demand Growth (Y)
6

3
Series1
2

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Figure 1.1: Linear Relationship of Independent Business (X) and Demand Growth (Y)

Figure 1.1 shows the linear relationship of Independent Business (X) and Demand

Growth (Y). In this figure, it clearly shows that as X increases, Y also increased. This means that

the two variables show a moderate positive relationship.

45
 Linear Relationship of Franchise Business
(X) and Demand Growth (Y)
6

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Figure 1.2: Linear Relationship of Franchise Business (X) and Demand Growth (Y)

Figure 1.2 shows the linear relationship of Franchise Business (X) and Demand Growth

(Y). In this figure, it clearly shows that as X increases, Y also increased. This means that the two

variables also show a moderate positive relationship just like in Figure 1.1.

46
Analysis of Data

The researchers use the result of the gathered data as their basis for determining the

relationship of Independent Business and Franchise Business in Demand Growth. The mean of

Table 1.1 wherein Independent Business were represented as X and Demand Growth as Y,

resulted to 0.41912. While the mean of table 1.2 wherein Franchise Business were represented as

X while Demand Growth as Y, resulted to 0.450985. Both of the mean of the variables were

resulted as Moderate Positive. The researchers used Pearson’s r to get the mean for the

correlational of each variable. In computing and tabulating all the gathered data from the

participants, the researchers used Microsoft Excel to plot all the needed data.

Interpretation of Data

The researchers used the frequency given by their research teacher as their basis for

getting the result of relationship of Independent Business and Demand Growth and relationship

of Franchising and Demand growth. The mean of the relationship of Independent Business and

Demand Growth is 0.41912 while the mean of the relationship of Franchising and Demand

Growth is 0.450985. Both of the means resulted in a moderate positive relationship.

47
Discussion

This part of the chapter discussed the result of the gathered data from the participants.

This also includes the explanation on how the researchers will answer their research questions or

problems.

The two means that are computed by the researcher both resulted moderate positive. By

the result of the mean and the frequency, the researcher would answer the main problem of the

study. The research problem and objectives can be found at the Chapter 1.

1. What is the level of relationship between independent business and demand growth?

Based on the mean of Independent Business and Demand Growth, there is

a relationship between the two variables. Having experienced

owners/representatives played an important role in successfully growing an

independent business (CIBC, 2015). Experienced owners/managers are also able

to use their well-developed skills and take advantage of their wide business

networks and connections more effectively.

Having an experienced business representatives and business owners

could likely make an Independent Business a successful one because they have

the skills and knowledge to anticipate the challenges and opportunities that the

business might have in the near future. Business Representative could also

provide customer the demand and satisfaction they needed through applying their

experiences. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis (Ho) and do not reject the

alternative hypothesis (Ha) for there is a moderate positive relationship between

Independent Business and Demand Growth.

48
2. Is there any significant difference between independent business and demand growth?

There is a significant difference between Independent Business (X) and

Demand Growth (Y) with a value of 0.41912. This indicates that Demand Growth

affects the Independent Business.

The Agency Theory (Barry Mitnick, 1970) explains that the owners hire

managers or Business Representatives to help them manage the company. There

are even times that the Business Representative itself would handle the company

when the owner has something important to do. The Agency theory is applicable

to any type of business. As the researchers have discussed, Small business or

independent business was defined as a business that was manually and

independently operated by the owner or its representative (Kuratko, 2012). This

kind of business is not competitive in nature and doesn’t participate in innovative

practices such as promoting their product using an advertisement. Even though

they are not competitive in nature, they have still been able to meet their

customer’s demands which made their business considered as successful. In other

words, the demand growth indeed affects the Independent Business. Therefore,

we reject the null hypothesis (Ho) and do not reject the alternative hypothesis

(Ha) for there is a moderate positive relationship between Independent Business

and Demand Growth.

3. What is the level of relationship between franchising and demand growth?

Based on the mean of Franchise Business and Demand Growth, there is a

relationship between the two variables. System of management is important to the

success of franchise business and need to be pay heed to in detail (Sanphiphat,

49
 2016). This includes the effective strategies and being responsive to the demands

of customer.

Therefore, it is important to have effective strategies so that the business

can easily eliminate the risks and problems that may affect the business. On the

other hand, it is also important for the business to become responsive to the

demands of the customers since one of the main goals of a business is to fulfill the

demands of customers. The success of a business lies within how well does the

business satisfied their customers. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis (Ho)

and do not reject the alternative hypothesis (Ha) for there is a moderate positive

relationship between Independent Business and Demand Growth.

4. Is there any significant difference between franchising and demand growth?

There is a significant difference between Franchise Business (X) and

Demand Growth (Y) with a value of 0.450985. This indicates that Demand

Growth affects the Franchise Business.

The business that was goal-oriented, profit-oriented, and service-oriented

are the ones that are likely to be successful (Bigliardi, 2011; Mosey, 2002). In

establishing a business, an entrepreneur must be ambitious to keep the business

going. Introducing new products are one of the ways to attract a customer.

Franchise Business are very competitive in nature. They use advertisement to

promote their product and they always stay updated on what is the demand of the

people nowadays. That way, they are able to fulfill the Demand Growth. This also

applies the Agency theory (Barry Mitnick, 1970) explains that the owners hire

50
managers or Business Representatives to help them manage the company. Most of

the time, Business Representatives are the ones who handled the business since

the owners are always busy. Through developing strategies and being goal-

oriented, the Business Representatives can meet the demand growth of the

population whether it is an Independent Business or Franchise Business. In other

words, Demand growth indeed affects the Franchise Business. Therefore, we

reject the null hypothesis (Ho) and do not reject the alternative hypothesis (Ha)

for there is a relationship between Demand Growth and Franchise Business.

51
Synthesis

This part of the chapter will give the overview of the whole chapter. This includes the

summary of each part of this chapter. The first part of the chapter is all about the presentation

and analysis of data. To present the gathered data clearly, the researchers provided tables and

figures. There are two tables that the researcher prepared. The first table is all about the mean of

X and Y variables. As instructed by the research teacher, the variables of the study which is

Independent Business and Franchise Business were computed separately. Table 1.1 shows the

Mean of the Independent Business (X) and Demand Growth (Y). While the mean of Table 1.2

wherein Franchise Business were represented as X while Demand Growth as Y, resulted to

0.450985. Both of the mean of the variables were resulted as Moderate Positive. The next table is

all about Pearson’s r correlation table. Table 2.1 is all about Pearson’s r Correlation Table of

Independent Business (X) and Demand Growth (Y) while Table 2.2 is all about Pearson’s r

Correlation Table of Franchise Business (X) and Demand Growth (Y). Figure 1.1 is all about

Linear Relationship of Independent Business (X) and Demand Growth (Y) while Figure 1.2 is all

about Linear Relationship of Franchise Business (X) and Demand Growth (Y). The researchers

used Pearson’s r method as their statistical technique since Pearson’s r is used to for determining

if there is a linear relationship between the two variables. In computing and tabulating all the

gathered data from the participants, the researchers used Microsoft Excel to plot all the needed

data. The next part of the chapter is all about interpretation of data. This is the part wherein the

researchers interpreted all the data that has been computed and analyzed. The last part of the

chapter is all about Discussion. This part of the chapter contains the research problems or

questions that are connected to the statement of the problem that needs to be discussed and

answered by the researchers.

52
 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter contains the summary, conclusions and recommendations of this study. The

researchers will summarize their findings based on the result of their data gathering. The

researchers will also include their conclusion as well as their recommendations to the people who

will benefit from this study.

Summary of Findings

This part of the chapter will provide the overview of the research findings of this study.

This also includes the gathered data that will provide an answer to the following research

problems.

This study focuses on the Relationship of Independent Business and Franchising in

Demand Growth in Dasmarinas City, Cavite. The target participants of this study is the

Independent Business representative and Franchise Business representative. The researchers

gathered data from Independent Business and Franchise Business around Dasmarinas City,

Cavite. In gathering the target participants, the researchers used Simple Random Sampling for

the researchers will conduct survey to any Independent Business and Franchise Business as long

as the Business offers food as their product. The researchers use questionnaires, which is a likert

scale, in gathering data from their target participants.

The total number of target participants in this study was two hundred (200). The

researchers gathered one hundred (100) Independent Business representatives and one hundred

(100) Franchise Business representatives randomly as their target participants around

53
Dasmariñas City, Cavite. After the data gathering, the researchers tallied their data respectively.

The researchers used tables and figures in presenting their data. The researchers used Pearson’s r

method as their statistical technique since Pearson’s r is used to for determining if there is a

linear relationship between the two variables. In computing and tabulating all the gathered data

from the participants, the researchers used Microsoft Excel to plot all the needed data. Upon

tabulating the data, the mean of the Independent Business and Demand Growth, resulted to

0.41912 while the mean of the Franchise Business and Demand Growth, resulted to 0.450985.

Both of the mean of the two variables are considered as moderate positive.

After getting the mean scores of the variables, this study hypothesized that there is a

relationship between Independent Business and Franchise Business. The level of relationship of

Independent Business and Franchise Business in Demand Growth is moderate positive. This

level of relationship states that Independent Business and Franchise Business both provides for

the demand growth of their customers. The gathered data also shows that there is a significant

difference between Independent Business and Franchise Business. This means that the

researchers should reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis for there is a

moderate positive relationship between Independent Business and Demand Growth.

In order to support the results of the gathered data, the researchers used cited statements

of other professionals so that the study will be easier to be understood. This will help the

researchers and readers to establish their research topic.

54
Conclusion

This part of the chapter presents the conclusion of the study. The researchers would base

the result of their gathered data by using the frequency given by the research teacher. The

following are the conclusions drawn by the findings of the researchers.

 Based on the mean of Independent Business and Demand Growth, there is a relationship

between the two variables. The mean of the variables shows a moderate positive

relationship. This means that through having an experienced Business Representatives,

Independent Business is able to meet the demand growth of their customers.

 Based on the mean of Franchise Business and Demand Growth, there is a relationship

between the two variables. The mean of the variables also shows a moderate positive

relationship, the same as the level of relationship of Independent Business and Demand

growth. According to the result of the means, even both Independent Business and

Franchise shows a moderate positive relationship in Demand Growth, Franchise Business

shows a higher mean than Independent Business. This means that Franchise Business

meets the Demand Growth of their customers higher than the Independent Business.

 There is a significant relationship between Independent Business and Demand Growth.

This means that Demand Growth affects the Independent Business. The success of a

business lies within on how the businesses were able to fulfil the demands of their

consumer.

 There is also a significant relationship between Franchise Business and Demand Growth.

This also means that Demand Growth affects the Franchise Business. The Business

owner and its representative should always be profit-oriented, service-oriented and goal

oriented so they will be able to come up with strategies on how to increase their sales.

55
Recommendations

This part of the chapter presents the recommendation\ns of the study. The researchers

come up a solution regarding to the problem of the study. This includes the recommendations to

the people who would benefit from the study.

 The researchers recommend this research to the Accountancy, Business, and

Management Students for it will help them have a broader knowledge about Independent

Business and Franchise Business. This would also help them in distinguishing the

difference between Independent Business and Franchise Business.

 The researchers recommend this research to the Business Representatives for it will help

them use their experience to manage the business well and fulfil the Demand Growth of

their consumers.

 The researchers recommend this research to the entrepreneurs. This study will help them

to think critically about their business.

 The researchers recommend this research to the Future Entrepreneurs they are

considering on establishing independent business or franchise business they can read this

study so they can be familiar with the both businesses.

 Lastly, the researchers recommend this research to the Future Researchers. This research

can serve as basis or guide for their study. This will also serve as a reliable source.

56
References:

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Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Journal of Competitiveness, ISSN 1804-171X

Bennett S. (2009). Is the franchising model attractive to independent small business operators?.
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Bigliardi B., Colacino P., Dormio A. (2011). Innovative Characteristics of Small and Medium
Enterprises. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation. ISSN: 0718-2724

Boyd A., Kim C. (2017). Descriptive Research. Retrieved from

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Research.pdf

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Brinkman W. (2009). Design of a Questionnaire Instrument. Retrieved from

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ment

Casebuena, R. (2017). Franchising as a Business Trend in Batangas City, Philippines. Asia

Pacific Journal of Academic Research in Business Administration. P-ISSN: 2467-6691

Faw, K., Taiwo E. (2012). Correlational Design. Retrieved from

https://douglasfleming.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/0/5/1305380/correlation_research_design
_presentation_kieran_and______emmanuel.pdf

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20collection%20methods.htm

Machado H. (2016). Growth of small businesses: a literature review and perspectives of studies.
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Mendoza R. (2015). Financial Performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
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Punishment online. Retrieved from
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Mohamad Radzi, K., Mohd Nor, M.N., and Mohezar Ali, S. (2017). The impact of internal
factors on small business success: A case of small enterprises under the FELDA scheme.
Asian Academy of Management Journal, 22(1), 27–55.
https://doi.org/10.21315/aamj2017.22.1.2

Parilla, E. (2009). Level of Management Practices of Micro and Small Businesses in Ilocos
Norte. Retrieved from
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of_Micro_and_Small_Businesses_in_Ilocos_Norte.pdf

Sabarwal, S. White H. (2014). Quasi-Experimental Design and Methods. Retrieved from

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Experimental_Design_and_Methods_ENG.pdf

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Sidhpuria, M. (2010). Retail Franchising. Book about Retail Education. ISBN:978-0-07-131321

Welsh, Dianne & Desplaces, David & E. Davis, Amy. (2011). A Comparison of Retail
Franchises, Independent Businesses, and Purchased Existing Independent Business
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58
APPENDICES

59
 APPENDIX A
Letter Written
September ___, 2018
Independent Business and Franchise Representative, Dasmariñas City, Cavite

Dear Participant,
Greetings!

The undersigned would like to seek an approval of yours to conduct a survey as part of the study
entitled The Relationship between Independent Business and Franchising in Demand Growth in
Dasmariñas City, Cavite. The aim of this study is/are to know the level of relationship between
independent business and demand growth, to know the level of relationship between franchising
and demand growth, to identify if there is significant difference between independent business
and demand growth, and lastly is to identify if there is significant difference between franchising
and demand growth. Specifically, this study seeks to answer what is the level of relationship
between independent business and demand growth? What is the level of relationship between
franchising and demand growth? Is there any significant difference between independent
business and demand growth? Is there any significant difference between franchising and
demand growth?.

The researchers of this study are humbly informing you to read each questions carefully and then
rate each statement by putting a check mark on the box. Rest assured that all the information that
you have provided will be treated confidentially. If you have any queries or any suggestion do
not hesitate to approach one of the researchers of this study.

Your contribution for this study will significantly contribute in this study. Thank you and God
bless!
Sincerely yours,
CANASA, HANNAH M. CAPULE, JAZZMINE AUBREY H. CARAAN, ANA MARIE
CASTRO, ERICK JOHN COLIMA, STEVEN WYNE LUGTU, MAUREEN
REYES, LIAH ALYSSA ROBLES, SHAIRA

Noted and Approved by:

MS. KIANNA ALZINA V. DIOCALES

Practical Research 2 Teacher

60
 APPENDIX B

Unused copies of Data Gathering Tool/s and Research Instruments

PERSONAL INFO SECTION

Name: (Optional)

Age:

Birthday:

MAIN SECTION

Directions: Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with each of the following
statements. Put a check mark for your answer.

5 4 3 2 1
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

1. I should have a higher

percentage of repeat customers
than I currently have.
2. I have a loyal following of
customers.
3. I attract new customers
when I have a new product.
4. I made my customers get
confused by what my business
offers.
5. I attract more customers
because of the location of my
business.
6. I use effective sales
techniques.
7. I think my brand name
affect my business.

8. I satisfy your customer’s

61
needs.

9. I feel satisfied on my
business.
10. I accept the changes in my
business environment.

11. I have ways or plans on

how to attract my customers
12. I felt disappointment in my
business at times.
13. I provide high quality
product to my customers?
14. I always stay updated on
what kind of product is in
demand to my customers.
15. I meet up the target sales I
have every day.
16. I feel happy with my
business.
17. I exert effort in promoting
my business.
18. I receive complaints from
my customers.
19. I open-mindedly listen to
the complaints of my
.customers
20. I consider my business as
successful.

Comments and Suggestions are highly appreciated.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

62
THANK YOU FOR YOUR COOPERATION AND GOD BLESS!

APPENDIX C

Tables of raw data not included in Results

x = INDEPENDENT BUSINESS

Number of Participants Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 MEAN

1 3 2 5 4 3 5 5 5 5 4 4.1

2 3 4 5 3 5 5 1 4 5 4 3.9

3 3 4 3 4 5 4 5 3 5 4 4

4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4.8

5 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4.2

6 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 4.7

7 5 5 3 2 5 5 5 3 4 3 4

8 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 4.5

9 5 5 5 2 4 4 4 3 3 3 3.8

10 4 5 5 2 4 5 4 4 3 3 3.9

11 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3.7

12 3 3 3 4 3 4 5 4 4 4 3.7

13 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

14 5 5 5 3 2 5 1 5 2 5 3.8

15 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3.5

16 4 5 4 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.4

17 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.9

63
18 3 4 4 2 4 4 5 4 5 3 3.8

19 4 4 5 3 5 5 2 4 5 3 4

20 4 3 4 3 5 5 2 4 4 3 3.7

21 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 3 3.6

22 4 4 4 3 5 5 3 4 4 4 4

23 4 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4.3

24 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4.9

25 5 5 5 3 5 5 1 1 5 4 3.9

26 5 5 5 3 5 5 4 4 5 5 4.6

27 4 3 5 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 3.7

28 3 5 3 1 5 5 1 5 5 2 3.5

29 5 4 3 2 4 4 3 4 5 5 3.9

30 3 2 3 3 4 5 5 4 2 4 3.5

31 5 4 2 4 4 3 3 5 3 3 3.6

32 5 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 3 3 3.7

33 4 5 5 1 5 5 1 5 5 4 4

34 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4.6

35 4 3 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4.3

36 4 3 5 3 5 5 4 4 4 4 4.1

37 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4.4

38 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4.4

39 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4.6

40 4 4 5 1 5 5 1 3 3 5 3.6

64
41 4 2 4 1 5 5 1 4 3 4 3.3

42 3 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 4.4

43 4 5 5 2 5 5 4 5 5 5 4.5

44 5 5 3 1 4 4 5 5 5 5 4.2

45 3 5 5 2 4 4 5 4 5 4 4.1

46 4 5 3 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 3.2

47 4 3 3 3 5 5 5 4 3 4 3.9

48 3 2 4 1 3 2 4 4 2 3 2.8

49 5 5 5 2 5 5 1 5 4 5 4.2

50 4 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3.5

51 5 5 4 3 5 1 1 1 4 5 3.4

52 5 4 4 3 5 5 4 4 4 4 4.2

53 5 4 3 5 4 4 3 2 4 5 3.9

54 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 4.4

55 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 5 5 5 4.2

56 4 5 5 1 5 5 1 5 5 5 4.1

57 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4.2

58 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4.4

59 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 4 5 3 4

60 3 5 2 1 4 1 1 3 5 5 3

61 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 4 3 4 3.9

62 4 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 4 5 3.6

63 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 3 5 4 4.1

65
64 4 5 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 4 4.5

65 5 5 3 2 2 4 1 5 5 4 3.6

66 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 4 5 4 4.1

67 5 5 5 1 5 2 1 5 5 4 3.8

68 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.3

69 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 4.6

70 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.7

71 4 4 3 2 4 4 4 4 5 4 3.8

72 4 4 3 3 4 3 5 5 4 4 3.9

73 4 3 4 2 3 4 3 4 3 5 3.5

74 4 4 5 3 3 5 4 4 4 4 4

75 4 4 3 2 4 5 4 5 5 4 4

76 3 4 5 2 4 5 4 4 4 4 3.9

77 5 5 3 3 2 2 4 4 4 5 3.7

78 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 3 4 4 4.3

79 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 3.6

80 3 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 5 3 3.5

81 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 4 5 3.6

82 4 4 4 3 5 5 2 4 4 5 4

83 3 4 4 2 4 5 4 4 4 4 3.8

84 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3.9

85 3 4 3 2 1 4 3 4 3 3 3

86 3 4 3 2 1 4 3 4 3 3 3

66
87 5 5 5 4 2 5 5 5 5 5 4.6

88 3 5 5 4 5 5 3 5 4 5 4.4

89 3 4 4 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 3.9

90 3 5 4 3 5 4 3 4 5 3 3.9

91 5 5 5 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 4.3

92 5 4 3 2 4 3 5 4 4 4 3.8

93 4 3 4 2 5 3 5 4 4 3 3.7

94 4 3 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.7

95 5 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.7

96 5 5 5 3 5 5 4 5 4 5 4.6

97 5 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4

98 5 5 4 4 3 3 1 4 4 4 3.7

99 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 2 4

100 4 2 3 1 3 4 4 5 5 4 3.5

67
 y = DEMAND GROWTH

Number of Participants Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 MEAN

1 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4.5

2 5 3 4 4 3 5 4 3 5 5 4.1

3 5 3 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4.6

4 4 4 5 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 4.2

5 5 4 5 5 3 4 4 4 5 4 4.3

6 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4.8

7 5 2 5 5 3 4 4 3 3 4 3.8

8 4 2 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4.5

9 3 5 5 4 4 3 5 4 5 3 4.1

10 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4.1

11 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 5 5 3.9

12 3 2 4 4 3 3 4 2 5 5 3.5

13 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 5 5 4

14 4 4 3 5 2 5 1 1 5 4 3.4

15 5 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 3.7

16 5 1 5 5 4 5 5 1 4 5 4

17 4 1 5 4 5 5 4 2 5 5 4

18 4 2 4 4 4 5 4 2 4 5 3.8

19 5 1 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 5 3.9

20 4 1 4 4 4 5 4 1 5 5 3.7

21 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 2 5 5 3.7

68
22 4 1 4 4 4 5 5 2 5 5 3.9

23 4 1 4 5 4 5 5 1 5 5 3.9

24 5 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 4.2

25 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 3.8

26 5 2 5 5 3 5 3 1 4 3 3.6

27 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 3.9

28 5 2 3 5 4 5 3 2 5 5 3.9

29 5 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 5 4 3.7

30 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3.9

31 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 3 3 4.1

32 3 5 5 5 3 4 5 5 5 5 4.5

33 5 3 4 5 4 4 5 1 5 4 4

34 5 2 4 5 3 5 5 2 5 5 4.1

35 4 1 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 5 3.6

36 4 2 5 5 4 4 4 2 5 5 4

37 4 2 4 5 4 4 4 2 5 5 3.9

38 4 2 4 5 3 4 4 2 4 5 3.7

39 4 1 4 5 4 5 5 2 5 5 4

40 5 1 3 1 4 5 1 1 5 3 2.9

41 4 2 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 3 4.2

42 5 2 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4.5

43 5 1 5 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 4.2

44 5 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 4.2

69
45 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.1

46 5 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 4 3.1

47 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 4 5 4 4.1

48 3 5 3 2 1 3 4 5 4 3 3.3

49 5 3 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 4 4.4

50 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 3.4

51 1 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 4.4

52 5 3 5 5 4 5 4 3 5 5 4.4

53 3 5 4 5 3 4 3 5 4 2 3.8

54 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 4.3

55 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 1 1 5 4

56 5 1 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4.4

57 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 5 3.8

58 4 2 4 5 4 4 5 2 5 5 4

59 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 5 4.5

60 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4.8

61 4 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 5 3.6

62 3 5 4 3 4 2 4 5 4 3 3.7

63 3 4 3 5 4 3 4 5 4 4 3.9

64 5 2 5 4 4 5 5 3 5 5 4.3

65 4 3 4 5 3 3 4 2 3 3 3.4

66 3 3 4 4 5 4 5 4 3 5 4

67 1 3 5 5 4 5 5 1 5 5 3.9

70
68 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3.8

69 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 2 4 4 4.2

70 4 2 4 4 3 4 2 4 5 4 3.6

71 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 5 3.7

72 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3.7

73 4 3 4 5 4 4 5 2 4 4 3.9

74 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 2 3 5 4.2

75 5 2 5 5 4 5 5 2 4 5 4.2

76 4 1 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 4 3.3

77 2 3 5 5 5 5 5 2 2 5 3.9

78 5 3 5 5 3 4 4 2 5 4 4

79 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.2

80 5 2 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4.5

81 4 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 3 4 3.8

82 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 2 3 5 4.5

83 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3.7

84 4 5 3 2 4 3 4 3 4 4 3.6

85 3 3 5 4 4 3 3 2 5 4 3.6

86 3 3 5 4 4 3 3 1 5 4 3.5

87 4 2 5 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 4.3

88 5 2 5 4 3 5 5 4 3 5 4.1

89 3 2 5 5 3 4 3 4 5 5 3.9

90 5 3 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 4.1

71
91 3 2 5 4 5 5 5 2 5 5 4.1

92 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 3.7

93 1 3 3 4 5 4 4 3 5 5 3.7

94 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 3.8

95 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4.7

96 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 2 5 5 4.4

97 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 1 5 5 4.2

98 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

99 2 2 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4

100 5 2 1 4 3 5 5 4 3 5 3.7

72
 x = FRANCHISE BUSINESS

Number of Participants Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 MEAN

1 4 5 5 1 5 4 4 5 5 5 4.3

2 4 5 5 1 5 5 3 5 3 5 4.1

3 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 4

4 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4.5

5 4 3 3 4 4 5 5 4 4 3 3.9

6 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 4.4

7 4 5 3 4 4 5 3 4 4 5 4.1

8 3 5 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 4 4.3

9 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 5 4 4 3.8

10 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4.5

11 5 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 3.8

12 5 5 5 5 3 4 4 3 3 2 3.9

13 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 4.5

14 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4.1

15 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 4.3

16 4 5 4 5 4 3 4 4 5 5 4.3

17 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3.6

18 4 5 5 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 4.5

19 4 5 5 2 5 3 1 5 5 5 4

20 3 5 3 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4.4

21 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 4 4.3

73
22 3 3 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 3 3.9

23 5 4 5 3 5 4 3 3 4 4 4

24 4 4 4 3 4 4 1 4 5 5 3.8

25 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4.1

26 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4.2

27 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

28 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.9

29 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 4.7

30 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 3 4.6

31 4 4 4 3 4 5 4 5 5 4 4.2

32 4 5 5 2 5 5 3 5 5 5 4.4

33 4 4 3 3 5 5 4 5 5 5 4.3

34 4 4 3 3 4 5 4 3 5 5 4

35 4 4 3 4 5 4 3 3 5 5 4

36 5 3 3 2 4 5 2 3 5 5 3.7

37 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4.5

38 4 5 3 4 4 5 3 3 5 5 4.1

39 3 4 3 2 5 5 3 5 3 5 3.8

40 5 5 5 1 3 5 2 2 5 5 3.8

41 3 5 5 2 5 5 2 2 3 5 3.7

42 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 5 3.5

43 3 5 3 4 4 5 3 5 4 5 4.1

44 5 5 3 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 4.6

74
45 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4.8

46 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.6

47 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

48 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 4.6

49 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 4.6

50 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 2 5 5 4.6

51 5 5 3 2 4 5 4 4 3 5 4

52 5 4 5 2 5 5 4 4 5 4 4.3

53 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 5 4 3 3.4

54 4 5 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 3.9

55 4 4 4 4 5 3 3 4 5 4 4

56 4 5 4 3 5 5 4 4 2 5 4.1

57 4 4 5 4 4 1 4 5 5 5 4.1

58 4 4 3 2 5 5 5 5 4 5 4.2

59 4 5 4 3 5 3 5 5 5 5 4.4

60 4 5 5 3 5 4 3 5 3 4 4.1

61 4 4 5 3 4 4 5 5 5 4 4.3

62 4 4 3 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4.1

63 3 4 4 3 4 5 5 2 5 5 4

64 3 4 5 4 3 3 4 4 5 4 3.9

65 3 4 5 3 5 4 4 5 5 5 4.3

66 4 4 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 3.8

67 4 4 5 3 5 5 5 2 4 5 4.2

75
68 4 4 5 3 5 5 5 2 4 5 4.2

69 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4

70 3 4 4 2 4 2 4 4 5 4 3.6

71 5 5 3 5 4 4 4 5 3 5 4.3

72 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 4 5 4.2

73 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 3 4 4 4.3

74 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 3 4.5

75 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 4 4 4.5

76 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 3 3 4.1

77 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 3 4.6

78 4 4 5 5 5 3 5 5 4 4 4.4

79 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 4 4.4

80 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 5 5 5 4.4

81 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4.6

82 4 3 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4.3

83 4 5 5 3 5 5 4 4 4 4 4.3

84 4 4 5 3 5 5 5 4 4 4 4.3

85 4 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 4.5

86 4 4 5 2 5 5 2 4 4 5 4

87 5 5 3 2 4 3 5 5 5 5 4.2

88 4 3 5 3 5 5 5 4 3 4 4.1

89 3 2 4 1 3 5 4 4 2 3 3.1

90 3 2 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 4.2

76
91 4 5 4 1 3 4 5 5 4 4 3.9

92 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4.7

93 3 5 3 5 3 5 2 5 5 5 4.1

94 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 3 4 4 4.4

95 5 4 3 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 4.4

96 3 5 5 1 5 5 5 4 5 5 4.3

97 4 5 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.6

98 5 5 4 3 4 4 5 3 4 4 4.1

99 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 4.7

100 5 5 3 5 4 3 2 4 4 4 3.9

77
 y = DEMAND GROWTH

Number of Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 MEAN

Participants

1 5 1 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4.4

2 5 3 4 5 3 5 5 1 5 3 3.9

3 4 2 4 4 4 5 5 2 5 5 4

4 4 2 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.4

5 4 3 4 4 5 3 4 5 4 4 4

6 4 4 5 3 4 5 4 5 5 4 4.3

7 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 5 4 3.8

8 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 3 4 5 4.3

9 4 2 3 3 4 3 4 2 3 3 3.1

10 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

11 4 4 5 5 3 4 5 3 4 5 4.2

12 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3.7

13 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4.1

14 4 2 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 4.2

15 4 2 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4.2

16 3 2 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 3.4

17 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 5 4 3 3.8

18 5 1 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 4.3

19 5 5 3 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 4.6

20 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 4.6

78
21 5 2 4 4 3 4 5 4 5 4 4

22 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 3.8

23 4 2 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 3 3.7

24 4 2 5 5 4 4 5 3 5 4 4.1

25 5 3 5 5 3 4 5 3 5 4 4.2

26 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4.2

27 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4.5

28 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3.9

29 5 2 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4.3

30 4 2 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4

31 5 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4

32 5 4 2 5 5 3 5 4 5 3 4.1

33 4 3 5 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 4.4

34 5 3 5 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 4.5

35 3 3 4 5 3 5 3 5 5 5 4.1

36 5 3 4 4 3 5 4 5 5 5 4.3

37 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4.7

38 4 4 4 5 3 3 4 5 4 4 4

39 5 1 5 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 3.9

40 5 5 3 5 3 5 2 4 5 3 4

41 5 3 3 4 5 5 3 5 5 4 4.2

42 3 3 1 5 3 5 3 2 5 3 3.3

43 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 4.3

79
44 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4.8

45 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 4.7

46 5 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3.8

47 4 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3.5

48 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 4.4

49 4 2 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 4.2

50 5 3 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 4.5

51 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 4.5

52 4 3 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 4.3

53 3 3 4 5 4 3 3 3 4 3 3.5

54 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 3.6

55 5 3 4 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 4

56 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4.7

57 5 2 4 5 4 5 5 2 4 5 4.1

58 5 1 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 4.4

59 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 4.5

60 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 3 5 5 4.4

61 4 3 5 4 3 5 5 3 4 5 4.1

62 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4

63 4 3 4 5 4 5 5 3 4 4 4.1

64 3 3 4 4 4 5 3 3 5 5 3.9

65 4 3 4 5 3 5 4 3 5 4 4

66 4 3 5 5 5 3 5 5 4 5 4.4

80
67 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4.5

68 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4.5

69 4 3 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4.1

70 4 5 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 4.1

71 5 5 5 3 5 5 3 3 5 5 4.4

72 5 4 5 5 2 5 3 4 4 5 4.2

73 4 5 5 3 3 3 4 5 5 4 4.1

74 5 5 3 3 4 2 5 4 4 5 4

75 5 3 3 4 5 1 5 4 5 5 4

76 4 5 5 5 4 2 5 3 4 4 4.1

77 4 4 5 5 3 3 5 5 4 5 4.3

78 4 4 4 5 5 3 5 4 4 4 4.2

79 2 3 5 4 4 3 5 4 5 5 4

80 5 5 4 4 5 2 5 5 4 5 4.4

81 5 3 4 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 4.3

82 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 3.9

83 4 3 5 5 4 4 4 3 5 5 4.2

84 4 2 4 5 4 4 4 3 5 5 4

85 5 2 4 5 4 5 5 3 5 5 4.3

86 5 4 3 4 4 5 3 2 4 4 3.8

87 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4.8

88 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 4 5 4 4.1

89 3 5 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 3 3.6

81
90 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4.8

91 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

92 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4.7

93 5 1 5 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 4.3

94 5 2 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4.6

95 5 4 5 5 5 4 3 2 5 5 4.3

96 5 4 5 2 5 5 5 3 5 3 4.2

97 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4.9

98 4 5 3 4 3 4 4 3 5 3 3.8

99 5 2 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 5 4.3

100 4 4 4 3 4 5 5 4 4 5 4.2

82
 APPENDIX D

Curriculum Vitae of the Researchers

Canasa,Hannah M.
Blk 67 lot 46 Diamond village Imus Cavite
July 15 2000
Canasahannah462@gmail.com

Primary School:Golden City Annex

Year Graduated: 2012-2013

Secondary School: Fiat Lux Academe

Year Graduated:2013-2017

Senior High School: Emilio Aguinaldo College-Cavite

Year Graduated: 2017 on-going
I do hereby declare that all the information stated above are certified true and
correct as it is my credibility as a researcher.

HANNAH M. CANASA

83
 Capule, Jazzmine Aubrey, H.
9024 ZONE 1 DASMAVILLE Dasmariñas City Cavite

MAY 28, 2001

aubrey.jazzmine@gmail.com

Primary School: Francisco E. Barzaga Memorial School

Year Graduated: 2013

Secondary School: Langkaan II National High School

Year Graduated: 2017

Senior High School: Emilio Aguinaldo College-Cavite

Year Graduated: 2017 on-going

I do hereby declare that all the information stated above are certified true and
correct as it is my credibility as a researcher.

JAZZMINE AUBREY H. CAPULE

84
 CARAAN, ANA MARIE, J.
9060 Talisayan Sampaloc IV Dasmariñas City Cavite
July 14,2001
anamariecaraan@gmail.com

Primary School: Sampaloc Elementary School

Year Graduated: 2013

Secondary School: Dasmariñas National High School

Year Graduated: 2017

Senior High School: Emilio Aguinaldo College-Cavite

Year Graduated: 2017 on-going

I do hereby declare that all the information stated above are certified true and
correct as it is my credibility as a researcher.

ANA MARIE CARAAN

85
 CASTRO,ERICK JOHN N.
BLK 24 LOT 7 BRGY STA MARIA DASMARINAS CAVITE CITY

JUNE 12,2000

Erick.castro061200@gmail.com

Primary School: STA CRUZ ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Year Graduated: 2013

Secondary School: DASMARINAS WEST NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Year Graduated: 2017

Senior High School: Emilio Aguinaldo College-Cavite

Year Graduated: 2017 on-going

I do hereby declare that all the information stated above are certified true and
correct as it is my credibility as a researcher.

ERICK JOHN N CASTRO.

86
 COLIMA, STEVEN WYNE A.
B-42 L-39 Ph.1, Paliparan 3 Site, Dasmariñas City, Cavite

August 18 2000

wynecolima@gmail.com

Primary School: Salawag Elementary School

Year Graduated: 2013

Secondary School: Holy Redeemer School

Year Graduated: 2017

Senior High School: Emilio Aguinaldo College-Cavite

Year Graduated: 2017 on-going

I do hereby declare that all the information stated above are certified true and
correct as it is my credibility as a researcher.

STEVEN WYNE A. COLIMA

87
 LUGTU, MAUREEN CLAIRE, U.
BLK 62 LOT 4 PH2 PARKLANE COUNTRY HOMES, GENERAL TRIAS
CAVITE

MARCH 02,2001

Maureencl2001@gmail.com

Primary School: MARANATHA CHRISTIAN ACADEMY

Year Graduated: 2012

Secondary School: MARANATHA CHRISTIAN ACADEMY

Year Graduated: 2017

Senior High School: Emilio Aguinaldo College-Cavite

Year Graduated: 2017 on-going

I do hereby declare that all the information stated above are certified true and
correct as it is my credibility as a researcher.

MAUREEN CLAIRE U. LUGTU

88
 Reyes, Liah Alyssa, E.
Dreamville 4 Alapan 1- C Imus Cavite

February 14 2001

liahreyes14@gmail.com

Primary School: Haven of Wisdom Academy

Year Graduated: 2013

Secondary School: Haven of Wisdom Academy

Year Graduated: 2017

Senior High School: Emilio Aguinaldo College-Cavite

Year Graduated: 2017 on-going

I do hereby declare that all the information stated above are certified true and
correct as it is my credibility as a researcher.

LIAH ALYSSA E. REYES

89
 Robles, Shaira May Joy, F.
Blk 5 lot 36 GPL3 Malagasang II-B Imus Cavite

August,25,2001

Shairarobles00@gmail.com

Primary School: Buli, San Agustin Romblon

Year Graduated: 2012

Secondary School: Fiat Lux Academe

Year Graduated:2016

Senior High School: Emilio Aguinaldo College-Cavite

Year Graduated: 2017 on-going

I do hereby declare that all the information stated above are certified true and
correct as it is my credibility as a researcher.

SHAIRA MAY JOY F. ROBLES

90
91