Yjnah D. Lim BMLS IV-A

Yjnah
D. Lim BMLS IV-A

Antibody Structure and Function • IgG2 and IgG4 are poor mediators of complement
activation due to their shorter hinge segment
Antibody
• Product of stimulation of B-lymphocyte by an antigen • Functions:
1. Provides immunity for newborn because it crosses
Immunoglobulins placenta (IgG2 is least efficient)
• Glycoproteins found in the serum portion of the blood 2. Complement fixation
• Made up of basic 4-chain polypeptide (2 light L and 2 3. Opsonization
heavy H) - chains are linked by noncovalent forces 4. Agglutination and precipitation reactions
and disulfide bridges • IgG is better at precipitation rather than
• H2L2 - generalized formula for all immune globulins agglutination because precipitation involves small
• Fc - fragment crystallizable, fragment of soluble particles which are more easily brought
crystallization, no antigen binding ability together by the relatively small IgG molecule.
• Fab - fragment of antigen binding • Has memory, secondary response antibody
• Bence-Jones CHON - found in urine of patients with
multiple myeloma, L chains secreted by malignant IgM (5-10%)
plasma cells • Aka Macroglobulin
• 60C - precipitates • 10 days - half- life
• 80C - redissolves • Pentamer form found in secretions, Monomer form on
• Two main types of L chains (Kappa and Lambda) B-cell surface
• Both are found in all five classes of • J - joining chain, holds monomeric units to form a
immunoglobulins, but only one type is present in a pentamer. 1 J chain per pentamer.
given molecule. • Star-like shape with 10 functional binding sites
• Constant heavy regions are unique to each class and • Primary response antibody, first to appear in maturing
give each immunoglobulin type its name. infant
• IgG - y • Functions:
• IgA - a 1. Complement fixation
• IgM - u 2. Agglutination
• IgD - delta 3. Opsonization
• IgE - epsilon 4. Toxin neutralization
• Isotype - same heavy chain for each class • Most efficient in activating complement in classical
• Allotype - variations in constant regions pathway
• Idiotype - variations in variable regions • Most efficient in agglutination reactions
• Hinge region - segment of H chain located between
CH1 and CH2 regions, high content of proline and IgA (10-15%)
hydrophobic residues (allows for flexibility) • Monomer
• Gamma, delta and alpha chains - have a hinge region • Migrates between mu and beta regions
• Mu and epsilon - do not have a hinge region (electrophoresis)
• Carbohydrate portion - localized between CH2 • Two subclasses
domains of two H chains, recognition of Fc receptors 1. IgA1 - found in serum
correlates with the presence of the carbohydrate 2. IgA2 - found as a dimer in secretions at
moiety mucosal surfaces along the respiratory,
• Immunoglobulin fold/ barrel - cylindrical structure urogenital and intestinal mucosa.
formed when H and L chains line up • Also appears in milk (colostrum), saliva tears
• Hypervariable region - amino acids at strategic and sweat.
location within the barrel with which antigen captured • Serves to keep antigens from penetrating
binds further into the body.
• Synthesized in plasma cells found in mucosal-
IgG (75-80%) associated lymphoid tissue and released in
• Predominant immunoglobulin in human dimeric form
• Longest half-life (23-25 days) • Synthesized at a much greater rate than IgG but it low
• Has 4 major subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) in serum because it mainly in its secretory form
• Differ in the number of disulfide bridges between • Secretory component (SC) - found on surface of
the y chains epithelial cells, receptor for IgA
• IgG3 - has the largest hinge region and the largest • Transcytosis - process by which IgA and SC bind and
number of interchain disulfide bonds, most efficient at taken inside the cell and then released to the other
binding complement followed by IgG1. side
• Sabin vaccine 
Yjnah D. Lim BMLS IV-A
IgD (<0.001%)
• 2-3 days half-life
• Migrates as a fast y protein
• Most are found on the surface of immunocompetent
but unstimulated B lymphocytes
• Second to IgM to appear
• Plays a role in B-cell differentiation and maturation
• No protective function
• Does not bind to complement
• Does not bind to neutrophils or macrophages
• Does not cross placenta
IgE (0.0005%)
• The most heat labile
• Heating 56C for 3 hours results in conformational
changes and loss of ability to bind to target cells.
• After synthesis, binds to basophils and mast cells by
means of specific surface CHON - high affinity Fc e RI
receptors (CH3 domain on Fc region)
• Plasma cells that produce IgE are located primarily in
the lung and skin
• Type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reaction - allergic
reaction, occurs when 2 adjacent IgE molecules on a
mast cell bind specific antigens leading to release of
histamine.

Yjnah D. Lim BMLS IV-A

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Yjnah D. Lim BMLS IV-A

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Yjnah D. Lim BMLS IV-A

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Yjnah

D. Lim BMLS IV-A

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.