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The Chicago Manual of Style Presents Two Basic Documentation Systems, The Humanities Style

The Chicago Manual of Style presents two systems for citations and bibliographies: the humanities style and the author-date system. The humanities style uses footnotes or endnotes to cite sources and may include a bibliography. It can accommodate various source types. Examples are given for books, book chapters, journal articles from print and online sources, newspaper articles, and webpages.

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109 views

The Chicago Manual of Style Presents Two Basic Documentation Systems, The Humanities Style

The Chicago Manual of Style presents two systems for citations and bibliographies: the humanities style and the author-date system. The humanities style uses footnotes or endnotes to cite sources and may include a bibliography. It can accommodate various source types. Examples are given for books, book chapters, journal articles from print and online sources, newspaper articles, and webpages.

Uploaded by

Ilyas Lu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chicago-Style Bibliography and Notes Formulas

The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems, the humanities style
(notes and bibliography) and the author-date system. The humanities style is preferred by many
in literature, history, and the arts. This style presents bibliographic information in notes and,
often, a bibliography. It accommodates a variety of sources.

Below are some common examples of materials cited. Each example is given in humanities style
(a note [N], followed by a bibliographic entry [B]). For numerous specific examples, see
chapters 16 and 17 of The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th edition.

Online sources that are analogous to print sources (such as articles published in online journals,
magazines, or newspapers) should be cited similarly to their print counterparts but with the
addition of a URL. Some publishers or disciplines may also require an access date. For online or
other electronic sources that do not have a direct print counterpart (such as an institutional Web
site or a Weblog), give as much information as you can in addition to the URL. The following
examples include some of the most common types of electronic sources.

Book
One author
N:
1. Wendy Doniger, Splitting the Difference (Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1999), 65.
B:
Doniger, Wendy. Splitting the Difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Two authors
N:
6. Guy Cowlishaw and Robin Dunbar, Primate Conservation Biology (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2000), 104–7.
B:
Cowlishaw, Guy, and Robin Dunbar. Primate Conservation Biology. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 2000.

Four or more authors


N:
13. Edward O. Laumann et al., The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in
the United States (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 262.
B:
Laumann, Edward O., John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels. The Social
Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1994.

Editor, translator, or compiler instead of author


N:
4. Richmond Lattimore, trans., The Iliad of Homer (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1951), 91–92.
B:
Lattimore, Richmond, trans. The Iliad of Homer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.

Adapted from the Chicago-Style Quick Guide


Chapter or other part of a book
N:
5. Andrew Wiese, “„The House I Live In‟: Race, Class, and African American Suburban
Dreams in the Postwar United States,” in The New Suburban History, ed. Kevin M. Kruse
and Thomas J. Sugrue (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), 101–2.
B:
Wiese, Andrew. “„The House I Live In‟: Race, Class, and African American Suburban Dreams
in the Postwar United States.” In The New Suburban History, edited by Kevin M. Kruse
and Thomas J. Sugrue, 99–119. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

Chapter of an edited volume originally published elsewhere (as in primary sources)


N:
8. Quintus Tullius Cicero. “Handbook on Canvassing for the Consulship,” in Rome: Late
Republic and Principate, ed. Walter Emil Kaegi Jr. and Peter White, vol. 2 of University
of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, ed. John Boyer and Julius Kirshner
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 35.
B:
Cicero, Quintus Tullius. “Handbook on Canvassing for the Consulship.” In Rome: Late Republic
and Principate, edited by Walter Emil Kaegi Jr. and Peter White. Vol. 2 of Readings in
Western Civilization, edited by John Boyer and Julius Kirshner, 33–46. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1986. Originally published in Evelyn S. Shuckburgh, trans.,
The Letters of Cicero, vol. 1 (London: George Bell & Sons, 1908).

Book published electronically


If a book is available in more than one format, you should cite the version you consulted. If an
access date is required, include it parenthetically at the end of the citation, as in the first example.
N:
2. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution (Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1987), http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/ (accessed
June 27, 2006).
B:
Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1987. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/

Journal article
Article in a print journal
N:
8. John Maynard Smith, “The Origin of Altruism,” Nature 393 (1998): 639.
B:
Smith, John Maynard. “The Origin of Altruism.” Nature 393 (1998): 639–40.

Article in an online journal


If an access date is required by your publisher or discipline, include it parenthetically at the end
of the citation, as in the fourth example below.
N:
33. Mark A. Hlatky et al., "Quality-of-Life and Depressive Symptoms in Postmenopausal
Women after Receiving Hormone Therapy: Results from the Heart and
Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Trial," Journal of the American Medical

Adapted from the Chicago-Style Quick Guide


Association 287, no. 5 (2002), http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/
joc10108.html#aainfo.
B:
Hlatky, Mark A., Derek Boothroyd, Eric Vittinghoff, Penny Sharp, and Mary A. Whooley.
"Quality-of-Life and Depressive Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women after Receiving
Hormone Therapy: Results from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study
(HERS) Trial." Journal of the American Medical Association 287, no. 5 (February 6,
2002), http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull /joc10108. html#aainfo.

Popular magazine article


N:
29. Steve Martin, “Sports-Interview Shocker,” New Yorker, May 6, 2002, 84.
B:
Martin, Steve. “Sports-Interview Shocker.” New Yorker, May 6, 2002.

Newspaper article
Newspaper articles may be cited in running text (“As William Niederkorn noted in a New York
Times article on June 20, 2002, . . . ”) instead of in a note or an in-text citation, and they are
commonly omitted from a bibliography or reference list as well. The following examples show
the more formal versions of the citations.
N:
10. William S. Niederkorn, “A Scholar Recants on His „Shakespeare‟ Discovery,” New
York Times, June 20, 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition.
B:
Niederkorn, William S. “A Scholar Recants on His „Shakespeare‟ Discovery.” New York Times,
June 20, 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition.

Book review
N:
1. James Gorman, “Endangered Species,” review of The Last American Man, by
Elizabeth Gilbert, New York Times Book Review, June 2, 2002, 16.
B:
Gorman, James. “Endangered Species.” Review of The Last American Man, by Elizabeth
Gilbert. New York Times Book Review, June 2, 2002.

Web site
If an access date is required by your publisher or discipline, include it parenthetically at the end
of the citation, as in the second example below.

N:
11. John Burnett, “Victorian Working Women: Sweated Labor,” VictorianWeb,
http://www. victorianweb.org/history/work/burnett2.html (accessed February 9, 2010).

B:
Burnett, John. “Victorian Working Women: Sweated Labor.” VictorianWeb. http://www.
victorianweb.org/history/work/burnett2.html (accessed February 9, 2010).

Adapted from the Chicago-Style Quick Guide


Weblog entry or comment
Weblog entries or comments may be cited in running text (“In a comment posted to the Becker-
Posner Blog on March 6, 2006, Peter Pearson noted . . .”) instead of in a note, and they are
commonly omitted from a bibliography or reference list as well. The following examples show
the more formal versions. If an access date is required, include it parenthetically at the end of the
citation, as in the first example below.
N:
8. Peter Pearson, comment on “The New American Dilemma: Illegal Immigration,” The
Becker-Posner Blog, comment posted March 6, 2006, http://www.becker-posner-
blog.com/archives/2006/03/the_new_america.html#c080052 (accessed March 28, 2006).
B:
Becker-Posner Blog, The. http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/.

Item in online database


Journal, magazine, or newspaper articles from databases should be cited as above with the URL
added. Look for a “persistent link” or “permanent link” rather than copying from the address bar.
If an access date is required, include it parenthetically at the end of the citation, as in the first
example below.
N:
7. Alison Winter, “Harriet Martineau and the Reform of the Invalid in Victorian
England,” The Historical Journal 38, no. 3 (September 1995): 597-616.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/ 2640004 (accessed November 17, 2005).
B:
Winter, Alison. “Harriet Martineau and the Reform of the Invalid in Victorian England.” The
Historical Journal 38, no. 3 (September 1995): 597-616. http://www.jstor.org/stable/
2640004

Adapted from the Chicago-Style Quick Guide

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