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The Internet Revolution

The document discusses the history and growth of the Internet and how it has evolved from a few servers in 1991 to over 46 million today with no central authority. It describes how Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide access to individuals and businesses and how various network types like LANs, WANs, intranets and extranets connect computers within and between organizations. The roles of protocols, security, and network management are outlined. Finally, it touches on voice over IP, bandwidth considerations, and telecommunications alternatives and components.

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Mayank Singhania
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
123 views

The Internet Revolution

The document discusses the history and growth of the Internet and how it has evolved from a few servers in 1991 to over 46 million today with no central authority. It describes how Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide access to individuals and businesses and how various network types like LANs, WANs, intranets and extranets connect computers within and between organizations. The roles of protocols, security, and network management are outlined. Finally, it touches on voice over IP, bandwidth considerations, and telecommunications alternatives and components.

Uploaded by

Mayank Singhania
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

The Internet Revolution

■ The Internet has become a global information


superhighway
◻ Millions of smaller, private networks operating
independent of, or in harmony with, each
other
◻ 10 servers in 1991 to over 46 million today
◻ Sustained growth in excess of 1 million
servers per month
◻ No central computer system
◻ No governing body
◻ Based on common standards
1
Internet Service Providers
■ ISP
◻ A company that specializes in providing easy
access to the Internet
◻ For a monthly fee, provides software, user
name, password, and Internet access
■ ISPs themselves are connected to one another
through network access points
◻ One ISP can easily connect to another to
obtain addresses of websites or user nodes

2
Internet Applications
■ Most popular Internet applications and uses
◻ E-mail
◻ Instant messaging
◻ Browsing the Web
◻ Newsgroups
◻ Chat rooms
◻ Publish opinions, subject matter, creative work
◻ Buy and sell
◻ Downloading (data, software, reports, pictures,
music, videos)

3
Business Use of the Internet

4
Business Value of the Internet

5
The Role of Intranets
■ Many companies have sophisticated and
widespread intranets, offering…
◻ Detailed data retrieval
◻ Collaboration
◻ Personalized customer profiles
◻ Links to the Internet
■ Intranets use Internet technologies
◻ Web browsers and servers
◻ TCP/IP network protocols
◻ HTML publishing and databases

6
Intranets
■ Intranets are protected by…
◻ Passwords
◻ Encryption
◻ Firewalls
■ Customers, suppliers, and other business
partners can access an intranet via extranet links

7
Business Value of Intranets
■ Intranets support
◻ Communications and collaboration
◻ Business operations and management
◻ Web publishing
◻ Intranet portal management

8
Extranets
■ Network links that use Internet technologies to
connect the intranet of a business to the
intranets of another
■ Virtual Private Networks
◻ Direct private network links, or private secure
Internet links between companies
■ Unsecured Extranet
◻ Link between a company and others via the
Internet, relying on encryption of sensitive
data and firewall security systems

9
Business Value of Extranets
■ Web browser technology makes customer and
supplier access to intranets easier and faster
■ Another way to build and strengthen strategic
relationships
■ Enables and improves collaboration between a
business, customers, and partners
■ Facilitates online, interactive product development
and marketing

10
Types of Communications
Networks
■ Primary types of communications networks
◻ Wide Area
◻ Local Area
◻ Metropolitan
◻ Virtual Private
◻ Client/Server
◻ Peer-to-peer

11
Wide Area Network (WAN)
■ Telecommunication network that covers a large
geographic area

12
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
■ Wide Area Network optimized over a specific
geographic area
■ Can range from several blocks of buildings to
entire cities

13
Local Area Network (LAN)
■ Connects
computers
within a limited
physical area,
such as an
office,
classroom, or
building

14
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
■ Used to establish secure intranets and extranets
◻ The Internet is the main backbone network
◻ Relies on network firewalls, encryption, and
other security features to build a “pipe”
through the Internet
◻ Creates a private network without the high
cost of a separate proprietary connection

15
Virtual Private Network

16
Client/Server Networks
■ Clients
◻ End user personal computers or networked
computers
■ Servers
◻ Used to manage the networks
■ Processing
◻ Shared between the clients and servers
◻ Sometimes called a two-tier architecture
■ Larger computer systems are being replaced with
multiple client/server networks

17
Client/Server Network

18
Peer-to-Peer Networks
■ Pure Peer-to-Peer Architecture
◻ No central directory or server
◻ File-sharing software connects one PC to
another online user
◻ When you request a file, the software
searches every online user and sends you a
list of active file names
◻ Clicking a link automatically transfers the file
from that user’s hard drive to yours

19
Peer-to-Peer Network Diagrams

20
Telecommunications Media
■ Twisted-Pair Wire
◻ Ordinary telephone wire
◻ Copper wire is twisted
into pairs
■ Coaxial Cable
◻ Sturdy copper or
aluminum wire wrapped
with spacers to insulate
and protect it
■ Fiber-Optic Cable
◻ One or more hair-thin
filaments of glass
fiber wrapped in a
protective jacket
21
Wireless Technologies
■ Bluetooth
◻ Short-range wireless technology
◻ Connects PCs to devices, such as a printer
◻ Fairly low cost to implement
■ Other Wireless Systems
◻ Cellular phones
◻ Mobile radio
◻ PDAs
■ Telecommunications networks now play vital and
pervasive roles in
◻ Web-enabled e-business processes
◻ Electronic commerce
◻ Enterprise collaboration
◻ Other applications that support business operations,
management, and strategic objectives
22
Network Management Functions
■ Traffic Management
◻ Manage network resources and traffic to
avoid congestion and optimize service levels
■ Security
◻ Provide authentication, encryption, firewall, auditing,
and enforcement
■ Network Monitoring
◻ Troubleshoot and watch over the network, alerting
administrators of potential problems
■ Capacity Planning
◻ Survey network resources, traffic patterns, and users’
needs
◻ Determine the best way to accommodate the needs of
the network as it grows and changes
23
Network Topologies
■ Topology - The structure of a network
■ Star Network - Ties end user computers to a central
computer
■ Ring Network - Ties local computer processors together
in a ring on a relatively equal basis
■ Bus Network - Local processors share the same
communications channel
■ Mesh Network - Uses direct communications lines to
connect some or all of the computers in the ring to
each other
■ Switch - A message-switching computer that handles
data communication between autonomous
local computers
24
Network Topologies

25
Network Architectures and
Protocols – egTCP/IP
■ Protocol
◻ A standard set of rules and procedures for the control of
communications in a network
■ Handshaking
◻ The process of exchanging predetermined
signals and characters
◻ Establishes a telecommunications session between terminals
and computers
■ Network Architecture
◻ Master plan of standard protocols, hardware, software, and
interfaces between end users
and computer systems
◻ Goal is to promote an open, simple, flexible,
and efficient telecommunications environment
26
Voice Over IP
■ Internet Telephony
◻ Using an Internet connection to pass voice
data using IP instead of a telephone network
◻ Often referred to as voice over IP or VoIP
◻ Works like a regular phone, but skips
long-distance charges
◻ Runs over standard network infrastructure
◻ Requires a well-configured network to work
smoothly

27
Bandwidth
■ Bandwidth
◻ The frequency range of a telecommunications
channel that determines the maximum
transmission rate
◻ Speed and capacity typically measured in bits
per second (bps)
◻ Sometimes call baud rate
■ Transmission Rates
◻ Narrow-band = low speed
◻ Broadband = high speed

28
Thank you

29
Telecommunications Network
Alternatives
■ Telecommunications is a highly technical, rapidly
changing field
◻ Most business professionals don’t need
detailed technical knowledge
◻ However, understanding basic components
and their characteristics is necessary
◻ Can help you make informed decisions about
telecommunications alternatives

30
Telecommunications Network Model
■ A telecommunications network is any
arrangement where
◻ A sender transmits a message
◻ To a receiver
◻ Over a channel
◻ Consisting of some sort of medium

31
Telecommunications Network
Components
■ Terminals
◻ Any input/output device that uses networks
to transmit or receive data
■ Telecommunications processors
◻ Devices that support data transmission,
reception
■ Telecommunications channels
◻ Media over which data are transmitted,
received
■ Computers
◻ All sizes and types
32
Telecommunications Network
Components
■ Telecommunications control software
◻ Controls telecommunications activities
◻ Manages the functions of telecommunications
networks
■ Includes network management programs of all
kinds
◻ Telecommunications monitors (mainframes)
◻ Network operating systems (network servers)
◻ Web browsers (microcomputers)

33

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