Management

Information Systems

Telecommunication and
Network
Telecommunication
Telecommunications is the
exchange of information in any
form (Data, text, images, audio,
video) over networks.
Is networks were developed from
the need to share information
resources residing on different
computer devices which enabled
organizations to improve business
process.
Telecommunications
(transmission) Media
• Physical transmission media
• Twisted wire
 consists of one or more twisted pair wires
bundles together.
 Each cable has two separate copper wires
that are twisted together.
 These wires are twisted together to
reduce noise.
Telecommunications
Media
• Physical transmission media
Coaxial cable
Usually referred as coax, consists of a single
copper wire surrounded by at least these layers
:
(a) insulating material
(b) a plastic outer coating

Cable TV wiring usually uses coaxial cable

because it can be cabled over longer distances
than twisted pair cable.
Telecommunications
Media
Physical transmission media
• Fiber optics and optical networks
 Consists of dozens or hundreds of thin strings
of glass or plastic that use light to transmit
signals.
 Each strings called an optical fiber is as thin as
a human hair.
 Inside the fiber-optic cable, an insulating
glass shield and a protective coating surround
each optical fiber.
Telecommunications
Media
Wireless transmission media
•

• Microwave systems
• High-frequency radio signals that follow straight
line and require transmission stations or satellites

• Cellular Radio
• Radio towers placed in adjacent geographic areas

• Wireless LANs
• Wiring an office or building for LAN is difficult, hence
you go for Wireless LANs
• Examples includes Wi-Fi
Network Topologies
The physical topology of a
network refers to the
configuration of cables,
computers, and other peripherals
Network Topologies
Network Topologies
Bus Topology
A single cable, the backbone functions as a
shared communication medium that devices
attach
 A device wanting to communicate with another
device on the network sends a broadcast
message onto the wire that all other devices see,
but only the intended recipient actually accepts
and processes the message.
 bus networks work best with a limited number of
devices
 if the backbone cable fails, the entire network
effectively becomes unusable.
Network Topologies
Star Topology:
 A star network features a central connection
point called a "hub node”
 Devices typically connect to the hub with
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet.
 Compared to the bus topology, a star
network generally requires more cable, but a
failure in any star network cable will only
take down one computer's network access
and not the entire LAN. (If the hub fails,
however, the entire network also fails.)
Network Topologies
Ring Topology:
 In a ring network, every device has exactly
two neighbors for communication purposes.
 All messages travel through a ring in the
same direction (either "clockwise" or
"counterclockwise").
 A failure in any cable or device breaks the
loop and can take down the entire network.
Network Topologies
Mesh Topology:
•Mesh topologies involve the concept of routes.
•Unlike each of the previous topologies, messages
sent on a mesh network can take any of several
possible paths from source to destination.
Network Topologies
Tree Topology:
•In its simplest form, only hub devices connect
directly to the tree bus, and each hub functions
as the root of a tree of devices.
Types of Telecommunication
Networks
 Local Area Networks
◦ Connects computers within a limited physical
area, such as an office, classrooms, building,
etc.
◦ Medium : optical fibers, coaxial cables, twisted
pair, wireless.
◦ To communicate over the network each PC
usually has a circuit board called a network
interface card.
◦ LANs contains large hard disk capacity called a
file server or network server that contains a
network operating systems, through which
telecommunication and sharing of n/w resources
are being control
Types of Telecommunication
Networks
Metropolitan Area Network
◦ Generally covers towns and cities
(50 kms)
◦ This kind of network is not mostly
used but it has its own importance
for some government bodies and
organizations on larger scale.
◦ Medium : optical fibers, cables.
Types of Telecommunication
Networks
WANs : Wide Area Networks
Generally covers large distances
(states, countries, continents).
Medium : communication circuits
connected by routers.
Routers forwards packets from one to
another following a route from the
sender to the receiver. Store-and-
Forward
Example includes Internet
Internet, Intranet &
Extranet
What is Internet:
“The Internet (also known simply as the Net) is the
world wide, publicly accessible system of
interconnected computer networks that transmit
data by packet switching using the standard
Internet Protocol (IP).
 It consists of millions of smaller business,
academic, domestic, and government networks,
which together carry various information and
services, such as electronic mail, online chat, and
the interlinked Web pages and other documents of
the World W id e Web.”
What is the business use of
Internet?
To Advertise
To Communicate
To Inform
To Publish
To Recruit
To Research
To Sell
To Support
Intranet
 An intranet is a business' own private website.
 It is a confidential business network
 Intranets enhance existing communication between
employees and provide a common knowledge base
and storage area for everyone in your business.
 They also provide users with easy access to company
data, systems and email from their desktops.
 Because intranets are secure and easily accessible
via the internet, they enable staff to do work from
any location simply by using a web browser. This can
help small businesses to be flexible and control office
overheads by allowing employees to work from
almost any location, including their home and
customer sites.
Benefits of an intranet
 publishing - delivering information and
business news as directories and web
documents
 document management - viewing, printing
and working collaboratively on office
documents such as spreadsheets
 training - accessing and delivering various
types of e-learning to the user's desktop
 workflow - automating a range of
administrative processes
 email - integrating intranet content with email
services so that information can be distributed
effectively
Extranet
 An extranet is similar to an intranet but it is
made accessible to selected external partners
such as business partners, suppliers, key
customers, etc, for exchanging data and
applications and sharing information.
 As with an intranet, an extranet can also
provide remote access to corporate systems
for staff who spend lots of time out of the
office, for instance those in sales or customer
support, or home workers.
 Extranet users should be a well-defined group
and access must be protected by rigorous
identification routines and security features.
Benefits of an Extranet
 more integrated supply chains through the use of online
ordering, order tracking and inventory management
 reduced costs by making manuals and technical
documentation available online to trading partners and
customers
 more effective collaboration between business partners -
perhaps members of a project team - by enabling them
to work online on common documentation
 improved business relationships with key trading
partners because of the close collaborative working that
extranets support
 improved customer service by giving customers direct
access to information and enabling them to resolve their
own queries
Wireless Technology
Any form of communication that
does not require the transmitter and
receiver to be in physical contact
Wired Vs Wireless
◦ Mobility.
◦ Elimination of unsightly cables.
◦ Less installation time.
◦ Devices can be “software” upgraded to
meet new standards
◦ Guests can connect and move around
freely.
Bluetooth
A connection between two or more
portable devices without the need for
cables or connectors
Uses
◦ Wireless headsets for cell phones.
◦ If the phone has Internet capability, a Bluetooth
connection can be established between the
phone and nearby laptop computer to give the
computer, Internet access as well.
◦ Bluetooth enabled printers can print pictures
from a bluetooth enabled cell phone or camera.
WIRELESS LANs

 WLAN is a flexible data

communication system.
 WLANs combine data connectivity
with user mobility, and through
simplified configuration, enable
movable LANs
 An extension to a current wired
network or an alternative to it.